Method for improving ash yard soil in northwest arid region by adopting peganum harmala

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil conditioners, and particularly relates to a method for improving ash yard soil in northwest arid regions by adopting peganum harmala. The method comprises the following steps: (1) ploughing soil to be improved, and spreading a modifier on the ploughed soil; (2) carrying out earthing treatment on the soil improved in the step (1); and (3) planting the peganum harmala on the soil covered with the soil, and performing fertilization treatment. The method has the advantages that according to the improvement method, the peganum harmala is planted on the ash yard of the northwest drought (precipitation of 100-200 mm) area to improve the soil, so that the soil tends to be neutral and is suitable for growth of plants, a natural native vegetation community with the peganum harmala as the main part is gradually formed, and the yield of the peganum harmala is increased. Therefore, effective improvement and vegetation restoration of the ash yard soil in the northwest arid region are achieved, the agriculture and animal husbandry production capacity of the ash yard soil in the northwest arid region is restored, and the on-site and surrounding ecological environment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil conditioners, and in particular relates to a method for improving ash field soil in arid areas of northwest China by using Artemisia camelaria. Background Art

[0002] Camel Artemisia is a root-suckering plant that tolerates salt and drought. It is commonly found in deserts, salinized grasslands, white thorn shrubs or Achnatherum splendens. It is a good companion species for desert, Gobi and salinized grassland communities. It is not exclusive and reproduces in its unique way (Camel Artemisia reproduces by seeds or root-suckers) to adapt to the harsh environment and maintain the number of its family members. Camel Artemisia can grow well on gray-calcium soil, sandy soil, saline-alkali soil, gravel and thin soil. It is relatively resistant to drought, cold and salt, has strong adaptability to wind and sand, regenerates quickly, and is resistant to grazing, trampling and barrenness. It is an excellent forage and has the function of ecological restoration.

[0003] In the arid northwest region, precipitation is scarce, sandstorms are strong, and vegetation is mostly wind-rolled plants. It faces the problems of severe soil salinization, compaction, sparse vegetation, and a single plant species. The arid northwest region is mainly dominated by annual herbs such as Suaeda salsa. These plants grow well under good rainfall conditions, but in autumn when the wind is strong, they are easy to roll with the wind, which can easily cause fires and damage (overturning) of photovoltaic panels. Moreover, during droughts, these plants hardly grow, resulting in a barren site. When the wind blows, dust is raised, which can easily cause environmental pollution in the surrounding air, soil, surface water, groundwater, etc. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a method for improving the soil in ash fields in arid areas of northwest China by using Artemisia camelliae, aiming to solve the problem that ash fields in arid areas of northwest China are seriously polluted and vegetation cannot grow.

[0005] The present application provides a method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of northwest China by using Artemisia camelliae, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) plowing the soil to be improved and spreading the improver on the plowed soil;

[0007] (2) covering the improved soil in step (1);

[0008] (3) Plant camel wormwood on the soil after covering and apply fertilizer.

[0009] The improvement method described in the present application utilizes the unique reproduction method of Artemisia selengensis, that is, asexual reproduction through branches and rhizomes, so that a natural native vegetation community dominated by Artemisia selengensis is gradually formed in the improved area. In addition, by supplementing the nutrients required for the growth of Artemisia selengensis, the plant can grow luxuriantly and produce a large amount of dead leaves, thereby increasing the organic matter in the soil and thickening the surface humus, thereby achieving effective improvement of the ash field soil and vegetation restoration in the arid northwest region.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the method of using Artemisia camelense to improve ash field soil in arid areas of Northwest China as described in the present application, the tillage depth is 5-10 cm.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the method of using Artemisia camelense to improve ash field soil in arid areas of Northwest China as described in the present application, the modifier includes biogas slurry, potassium humate and water.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the method of using Artemisia camelense to improve ash field soil in arid areas of northwest China as described in the present application, the weight ratio of the biogas slurry, the potassium humate and the water in the improver is (16-18):(6-8):40.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the method for improving ash field soil in arid areas of northwest China using Artemisia camelense as described in the present application, the application rate of the improver is 30-40 kg per mu.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the method of using Artemisia camelense to improve ash field soil in arid areas of Northwest China as described in the present application, the soil used for covering includes Northwest sandy loam and potassium humate.

[0015] According to some embodiments of the method of using Artemisia camelense to improve ash field soil in arid areas of Northwest China as described in the present application, the mass ratio of the Northwest sandy loam and the potassium humate is (100-120):1.

[0016] According to some embodiments of the method for improving ash field soil in arid areas of northwest China using Artemisia camelense as described in the present application, the thickness of the covering soil is 8-10 cm.

[0017] According to some embodiments of the method of using camel wormwood to improve ash field soil in arid areas of northwest China as described in the present application, the camel wormwood is planted by slit row sowing.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the method for improving the soil in the ash field of the arid northwest region using Artemisia camelii, the sowing amount of Artemisia camelii is 15-18 g / m 2 The sowing depth of the camel wormwood is 1-2 cm, and the sowing row spacing of the camel wormwood is 25-30 cm.

[0019] According to some embodiments of the method of using Artemisia camelense to improve ash field soil in arid areas of northwest China as described in the present application, the fertilizers used for fertilization include urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and biogas residue.

[0020] According to some embodiments of the method of using Artemisia camelia to improve ash field soil in arid areas of Northwest China as described in the present application, the mass ratio of the urea, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the biogas residue is 20:(3-6):(15-25).

[0021] According to some embodiments of the method for improving the soil in the ash field in the arid area of ​​northwest China by using Artemisia camelliae as described in the present application, the amount of fertilizer applied is 40-60 g / m 2 / Year. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, which are intended to explain the present invention but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0023] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0024] The present application provides a method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China by using Artemisia camelliae, comprising the following steps:

[0025] (1) plowing the soil to be improved and spreading the improver on the plowed soil;

[0026] (2) covering the improved soil in step (1);

[0027] (3) Plant camel wormwood on the soil after covering and apply fertilizer.

[0028] The improvement method described in the present application utilizes the unique reproduction method of Artemisia selengensis, that is, asexual reproduction through branches and rhizomes, so that a natural native vegetation community dominated by Artemisia selengensis is gradually formed in the improved area. In addition, by supplementing the nutrients required for the growth of Artemisia selengensis, the plant can grow luxuriantly and produce a large amount of dead leaves, thereby increasing the organic matter in the soil and thickening the surface humus, thereby achieving effective improvement of the ash field soil and vegetation restoration in the arid northwest region.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present application, the tillage depth is 5-10 cm, for example, 5 cm, 6 cm, 7 cm, 9 cm, 10 cm, etc.

[0030] In some embodiments of the present application, the modifier includes biogas slurry, potassium humate and water. Biogas slurry is a bright brown liquid formed by fermentation of organic matter, and contains amino acids, cellulose, cellulase, protein, ribose, auxin, gibberellin, unsaturated fatty acids and certain antibiotic substances. Biogas slurry contains rich organic matter, which can promote the reproduction of soil microorganisms, activate the soil ecosystem, and improve soil texture. At the same time, biogas slurry can increase soil water retention and aeration, helping plants to better absorb water and nutrients.

[0031] Potassium humate can activate compacted soil, improve soil aggregate structure, increase soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, adjust pH value, reduce the content of heavy metals in soil, and reduce the harm of salt ions to plant seeds and seedlings. In addition, potassium humate also has the functions of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolution, and potassium activation; it has a good synergistic effect on potassium fertilizer, can strengthen the adhesion and rapid absorption capacity of plant roots, and has a significant effect on physiological diseases caused by the lack of trace elements.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present application, the weight ratio of the biogas slurry, the potassium humate and the water in the improver is (16-18): (6-8): 40, such as 16:6:40, 16:7:10, 16:8:40, 18:6:40, 18:7:40, 18:8:40, etc. The improver of the present application can provide good soil conditions and environment for plant growth.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present application, the application rate of the improver is 30-40 kg per mu, for example, 30 kg, 35 kg, 38 kg, 40 kg, etc.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present application, the soil used for the covering includes Northwest sandy loam and potassium humate.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the northwestern sandy loam and the potassium humate is (100-120):1, for example, 100:1, 105:1, 110:1, 115:1, 120:1, etc.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present application, the thickness of the covering soil is 8-10 cm, for example, 8 cm, 9 cm, 10 cm, etc.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present application, the camel wormwood is planted by slit row sowing.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present application, the sowing rate of Artemisia camelii is 15-18 g / m 2 , for example 15g / m 2 , 16g / m 2 , 17g / m 2 , 18g / m 2 The sowing depth of the camel wormwood is 1-2 cm, such as 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 1.8 cm, 2 cm, etc., and the sowing row spacing of the camel wormwood is 25-30 cm, such as 25 cm, 26 cm, 28 cm, 30 cm, etc.

[0039] Camel Artemisia is a succulent dwarf plant. During its withering and yellowing period, the leaves and stems of other plants are blown away by the wind in spring, autumn and winter, but the leaves and stems of camel Artemisia are still preserved based on the roots, which has the effect of preventing wind and consolidating soil. At the same time, the seed size of camel Artemisia is about 0.5cm, and the particles are relatively large. After landing, it is not easy to drift with the wind. When the rainy season comes in the second year, it can germinate and grow in time. Therefore, leaving row spacing provides a good living space for the germination, growth and reproduction of other plant seeds and its own seeds.

[0040] Since camel wormwood is a short plant with luxuriant root growth, when the rainy season comes, it is equivalent to cutting its root roots mechanically, making full use of the advantages of camel wormwood's strong asexual reproduction ability to increase the density of camel wormwood, thereby enriching the diversity of plants and creating a natural native vegetation community.

[0041] In some embodiments of the present application, the fertilizer used for fertilization includes urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and biogas residue. The fertilizer applied in the present application can make the camel wormwood produce a large number of branches and roots, so that the improved area gradually forms a natural native vegetation community dominated by camel wormwood. It can provide sufficient nutrients required for the growth of camel wormwood, so as to achieve luxuriant branches and leaves. It produces a large amount of litter, which increases the organic matter in the soil and the thickening of the surface humus.

[0042] In some embodiments of the present application, the mass ratio of the urea, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the biogas residue is 20:(3-6):(15-25).

[0043] In some embodiments of the present application, the amount of fertilizer applied is 40-60 g / m 2 / year. For example 40g / m 2 / year, 45g / m 2 / year, 50g / m 2 / year, 55g / m 2 / year, 60g / m 2 / year, etc. In some embodiments of the present application, the fertilization is performed twice, that is, fertilization is performed during the branching stage and budding stage of Artemisia camelii every year.

[0044] In some embodiments of the present application, the method further includes field management. After fertilization, water the soil once, and water the germination and rooting every 4 days. After the camel wormwood seedlings are all out, they will naturally slow down. When the camel wormwood seedlings are 15 cm tall, they can be watered for branching, and then they will naturally overwinter and turn green without special maintenance. In the later stage, the general maintenance is to observe pests. The pests include locusts, aphids, middle flower beetles, flower leeches, etc. The newly developed 2.5% highly effective chlorfenapyr (low toxicity) 700-800 times solution can be used for spraying and prevention. Spray once a week for two consecutive weeks. The seeds can be harvested manually when the calyx of the seeds cracks.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] A method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of northwest China by planting Artemisia camelids, comprising the following steps:

[0047] (1) The soil to be improved is plowed to a depth of 40 cm, and an improver is spread on the plowed soil. The improver formula is a mixture of biogas slurry, potassium humate and water, wherein the weight ratio of biogas slurry, potassium humate and water is 16:6:40; the amount of the improver spread is 30 kg per mu.

[0048] (2) Covering the improved soil in step (1); the soil used for covering includes Northwest sandy loam and potassium humate, wherein the mass ratio of the Northwest sandy loam to the potassium humate is 100:1, and the thickness of the covering is 10 cm.

[0049] (3) Planting Artemisia camelii on the soil after covering, using the slit-row sowing method, with the sowing rate of Artemisia camelii at 16 g / m 2 The sowing depth of camel wormwood is 2cm, and the sowing row spacing of camel wormwood is 25cm. After sowing, fertilization is carried out. The fertilizers used for fertilization include urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and biogas residue. The mass ratio of urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and biogas residue is 20:4:20, and the annual fertilizer application amount is 40g / m 2 / Year.

[0050] (4) After fertilization, water the soil once, and water the soil every 4 days to promote germination and rooting. After all the camel wormwood seedlings emerge, they will naturally grow slowly. When the camel wormwood seedlings are 15 cm tall, water the branches once. After that, they will naturally overwinter and turn green again. No special maintenance is required. In the later stage, general maintenance is to observe insect pests. Insect pests include locusts, aphids, middle flower beetles, flower fly flies, etc. The newly developed 2.5% highly effective chlorfenapyr (low toxicity) 700 times liquid spray can be used for prevention and control. Spray once a week for two consecutive weeks. When the calyx of the seeds cracks, the seeds can be harvested manually.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] A method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of northwest China by planting Artemisia camelids, comprising the following steps:

[0053] (1) The soil to be improved is plowed to a depth of 45 cm, and an improver is spread on the plowed soil. The improver formula is a mixture of biogas slurry, potassium humate and water, wherein the weight ratio of biogas slurry, potassium humate and water is 18:8:40; the amount of the improver spread is 35 kg per mu.

[0054] (2) Covering the improved soil in step (1); the soil used for covering includes Northwest sandy loam and potassium humate, wherein the mass ratio of the Northwest sandy loam to the potassium humate is 110:1, and the thickness of the covering is 8 cm.

[0055] (3) Planting Artemisia camelii on the soil after covering, using the slit-row sowing method, with the sowing rate of Artemisia camelii at 15 g / m 2 The sowing depth of camel wormwood is 2cm, and the sowing row spacing of camel wormwood is 28cm. After sowing, fertilization is carried out. The fertilizers used for fertilization include urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and biogas residue. The mass ratio of urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and biogas residue is 20:5:20, and the annual fertilizer application amount is 50g / m 2 / Year.

[0056] (4) After fertilization, water the soil once, and water the soil every 4 days to promote germination and rooting. After all the camel wormwood seedlings emerge, they will naturally grow slowly. When the camel wormwood seedlings are 15 cm tall, water the branches once. After that, they will naturally overwinter and turn green again. No special maintenance is required. In the later stage, general maintenance is to observe insect pests. Insect pests include locusts, aphids, middle flower beetles, flower leeches, etc. The newly developed 2.5% highly effective chlorfenapyr (low toxicity) 750 times liquid spray can be used for prevention and control. Spray once a week for two consecutive weeks. When the calyx of the seeds cracks, the seeds can be harvested manually.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of northwest China by planting Artemisia camelids, comprising the following steps:

[0059] (1) The soil to be improved is plowed to a depth of 50 cm, and an improver is spread on the plowed soil. The improver formula is a mixture of biogas slurry, potassium humate and water, wherein the weight ratio of biogas slurry, potassium humate and water is 18:8:40; the amount of the improver spread is 40 kg per mu.

[0060] (2) Covering the improved soil in step (1); the soil used for covering includes Northwest sandy loam and potassium humate, wherein the mass ratio of Northwest sandy loam to potassium humate is 120:1, and the thickness of the covering is 10 cm.

[0061] (3) Planting Artemisia camelii on the soil after covering, the planting method is slotted seeding, and the seeding rate of Artemisia camelii is 18g / m 2 The sowing depth of camel wormwood is 2cm, and the sowing row spacing of camel wormwood is 30cm. After sowing, fertilization is carried out. The fertilizers used for fertilization include urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and biogas residue. The mass ratio of urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and biogas residue is 20:4:20, and the annual fertilizer application amount is 60g / m 2 / Year.

[0062] (4) After fertilization, water the soil once, and water the soil every 4 days to promote germination and rooting. After all the camel wormwood seedlings emerge, they will naturally grow slowly. When the camel wormwood seedlings are 15 cm tall, water the branches once. After that, they will naturally overwinter and turn green again. No special maintenance is required. In the later stage, general maintenance is to observe insect pests. Insect pests include locusts, aphids, middle flower beetles, flower fly flies, etc. The newly developed 2.5% highly effective chlorfenapyr (low toxicity) 800 times liquid spray can be used for prevention and control. Spray once a week for two consecutive weeks. When the seed calyx cracks, the seeds can be harvested manually.

[0063] In 2022, the inventor selected an ash field in the arid northwest region as an experimental field, and improved the experimental field using the improvement method described in Example 1 of this application. He also tested the soil composition every year and recorded the planting conditions of Artemisia camelense in the ash field. The test and recording results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.

[0064] Table 1

[0065] years Whole Salt <![CDATA[CO3 2- ]]> <![CDATA[HCO3 - ]]> <![CDATA[Cl - ]]> <![CDATA[SO4 2- ]]> <![CDATA[Ca 2+ ]]> <![CDATA[Mg 2+ ]]> <![CDATA[Na + +K + ]]> ％ mg / kg mg / kg mg / kg mg / kg mg / kg mg / kg mg / kg 2022 0.32082 45 137.25 681.6 1824 340 24.4 1129.9 2023 0.28321 15 91.5 312.4 816 200 83.1 814.6 2024 0.10041 2 0 142.2 432 100 134.6 534.8 Organic matter Available Phosphorus Fast-Acting Potassium Hydrolyzable Nitrogen pH Conductivity ％ mg / kg mg / kg mg / kg ms / cm 2022 3.49 3.37 88.12 52.41 8.84 1.5 2023 6.14 8.44 191.14 84.23 8.1 1.1 2024 26.72 17.84 256.8 134.41 7.3 0.6

[0066] As can be seen from Table 1: In the past three years, planting camel wormwood to improve the soil in the ash field of the arid northwest region has achieved significant results. Alkaline salts such as carbonates, sulfates, bicarbonates, chloride ions and toxic and harmful substances in the soil have decreased significantly, and the soil has reached the level of normal agricultural and animal husbandry production. In addition, the amount of calcium ions, magnesium ions, sodium ions and potassium ions that cause salt and alkali in the soil has decreased significantly, and the conductivity has tended to the normal agricultural and animal husbandry production soil range of 0.05-0.7ms / cm. The soil pH has been improved from strong alkalinity to neutral, the soil organic matter content has been improved from extremely low level 6 to high content level 2, the available potassium content has been improved from medium level 4 to extremely high content level 1, the effective phosphorus content has been improved from extremely low level 6 to medium level 3, and the hydrolyzable nitrogen content has been improved from low level 5 to high content level 2.

[0067] Table 2

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] It can be seen from Table 2 that in the past three years, Artemisia camelense has been a very suitable plant variety for soil improvement in ash fields in the arid northwest region. It can complete its entire life cycle after being planted in ash fields in the arid northwest region, and can safely overwinter (oversummer) and regreen in hot and water-scarce arid conditions and in cold continental climate zones with large temperature differences between day and night. It can also form a large amount of aboveground biomass. At the same time, through the growth of the root system, it forms a huge root network distributed vertically and horizontally in the soil to disturb and improve the deep ash soil, effectively playing a role in preventing wind and sand and conserving soil and water, and providing the soil with a large amount of humus and a stable native vegetation community.

[0071] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention. Changes, modifications, substitutions and variations of the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China using Artemisia camelliae, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) plowing the soil to be improved and spreading the improver on the plowed soil; (2) covering the improved soil in step (1); (3) Plant camel wormwood on the soil after covering and apply fertilizer.

2. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China using Artemisia camelliae according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tillage depth is 5-10 cm.

3. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China using Artemisia camelliae according to claim 1, characterized in that: The improver comprises biogas slurry, potassium humate and water; Preferably, the weight ratio of the biogas slurry, the potassium humate and the water in the improver is (16-18): (6-8): 40; Preferably, the application rate of the improver is 30-40 kg per mu.

4. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of northwest China using Artemisia camelliae according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil used for the covering soil includes Northwest sandy loam and potassium humate; Preferably, the mass ratio of the northwestern sandy loam to the potassium humate is (100-120):

1.

5. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China by using Artemisia camelliae according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the covering soil is 8-10 cm.

6. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of northwest China using Artemisia camelliae according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting method of camel wormwood is slit row sowing.

7. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of Northwest China by using Artemisia camelliae according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing rate of the camel wormwood is 15-18g / m 2 The sowing depth of the camel wormwood is 1-2 cm, and the sowing row spacing of the camel wormwood is 25-30 cm.

8. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of northwest China using Artemisia camelliae according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizers used for fertilization include urea, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and biogas residue.

9. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of northwest China using Artemisia camelliae according to claim 8, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the urea, the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and the biogas residue is 20:(3-6):(15-25).

10. The method for improving soil in ash fields in arid areas of northwest China using Artemisia camelliae according to claim 8, characterized in that: The amount of fertilizer applied is 40-60g / m 2 / Year.

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