Karst one-season rice area rice field triple cropping system planting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a karst one-season rice area rice field triple cropping planting method, and belongs to the technical field of rice field triple cropping planting. On the basis of'rice-oil rotation cropping 'in a one-season rice area, one-season short-season vegetables are added, 'grain, oil and vegetable' triple cropping is achieved, oversized seedling age rice transplanting, sowing in mid-to-first April and transplanting in mid-June are adopted, adverse effects of frequent spring drought on rice growth are avoided, the rice yield can be stabilized, rape seeds are interplanted 5-7 days before rice harvesting in late September, and the yield of rice is increased. According to the method, field humidity and straw coverage during rice harvesting are utilized to guarantee the water requirement of the rape in the emergence stage, the emergence rate and seedling quality of the rape are improved, vegetable seedlings are raised 15-20 days before harvesting of the rape, short-growth-period vegetables are transplanted in time after harvesting of the rape, the field space in the rape-rice continuous cropping stage is fully utilized, the yield and multiple cropping index of a farmland are improved, and the yield of the rape is increased. Reasonable arrangement of planting crops ensures that crops are planted in the rice field throughout the year, rich landscape elements are added to the local tourism industry, and agricultural tourism fusion development is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of three-cropping system planting in rice fields, and in particular relates to a three-cropping system planting method in rice fields in karst one-season rice areas. Background Art

[0002] Rice is a key food crop in the southwest region, and its planting pattern and yield are significantly affected by natural conditions. In the karst one-season rice area, except for areas with effective irrigation conditions, most rice fields are heavily dependent on natural precipitation. In recent years, global warming has caused the temperature in the region to continue to rise, while precipitation has gradually decreased, and droughts have become more frequent, posing severe challenges to rice production. Especially in the spring and summer seasons, affected by the atmospheric circulation, the global drought characteristics are obvious, and the frequency of occurrence is increasing, which has greatly hindered the growth of rice from sowing to heading, a critical growth period, and thus seriously affected the final yield of rice.

[0003] In the sub-suitable area for rapeseed, the local government promotes the development of tourism by promoting early flowering of rapeseed, and the high temperature and drought climate from March to April is also conducive to the rapid maturity of rapeseed. However, under the traditional "rice-oil" planting model, the rice fields will have a cumulative idle period of about 2 months during the period of rice and rapeseed. This not only makes it difficult to improve the rice field multiple cropping index and reduce the output efficiency per unit area of ​​land, but also limits the diversified development of local tourism resources during the idle period of the front and back fields, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the regional agricultural economy. Therefore, the development of a planting method that can effectively regulate the growth period of rice, optimize the planting time of rapeseed, and make full use of the idle period of rice and rapeseed planting fields is of urgent practical significance for ensuring regional food and oil security, enriching tourism resources, and improving the comprehensive benefits of agriculture. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention reasonably arranges the planting time and method of rice, rapeseed and short-season vegetables, effectively adjusts the growth period of rice, optimizes the planting time of rapeseed, makes full use of the idle period of rice and rapeseed planting fields, improves the rice field multiple cropping index and the output efficiency per unit area of ​​land, ensures regional food and oil security, enriches tourism resources, and promotes the sustainable development of the regional agricultural economy.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the following technical scheme is adopted: The present invention provides a method for planting rice fields in a three-cropping system in a karst one-season rice region, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) Long-seedling age rice cultivation: Rice is sown in mid-to-early April, with an extra-long seedling age of 60 days. Transplanting is done in mid-June, with basal fertilizer applied before transplanting, tillering fertilizer applied 7-10 days after transplanting, and spike fertilizer applied during the main stem spikelet differentiation period;

[0007] (2) Rapeseed interplanting: In late September, rapeseed seeds are interplanted in the field 5-7 days before rice harvest, using broadcasting or aerial seeding;

[0008] (3) Rice harvest: Rice is harvested in early October by machines, which crush the rice straw to cover the field surface.

[0009] (4) Short-season vegetable planting: At the end of March of the following year, 15-20 days before rapeseed harvest, short-season vegetable seedlings are raised. Rapeseed is harvested in early April. After harvest, field residues are cleaned and fields are tidied. Short-season vegetables are transplanted in mid-April and vegetable harvesting is completed in mid-June.

[0010] Furthermore, the amount of basal fertilizer used in the long-seedling rice cultivation is 90-105 kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen. 2 , the tillering fertilizer dosage is 45-60kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen 2 , the amount of ear fertilizer is 30-45kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen 2 .

[0011] Furthermore, the long-seedling-age rice is cultivated in wide and narrow rows, with a wide row of 40 cm and a narrow row of 20 cm, a hole distance of 18 cm, and two seedlings per hole.

[0012] Furthermore, the rapeseed sowing rate is 3.0-4.5kg / hm 2 , when sowing, mix with seed fertilizer diammonium phosphate 75-90kg / hm 2 .

[0013] Furthermore, the vegetables are short-growing vegetables with a growing period of about 60 days.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by adopting late-maturing rice varieties with a seedling age of 60 days, the present invention sows in early to mid-April and transplants in mid-June, thereby avoiding the adverse effects of spring drought on rice growth and providing a guarantee for stable rice production; by interplanting rapeseed seeds 5-7 days before rice harvest in late September, and utilizing the field humidity after rice harvest, the water demand of rapeseed during the emergence period is effectively guaranteed, and the emergence rate and seedling quality of rapeseed are improved; at the same time, when mechanically harvesting rice, rice straw is crushed to cover the field surface, thereby achieving effective return of rice straw to the field, increasing soil fertility, reducing environmental pollution caused by straw burning, and being beneficial to field water and moisture conservation; at the end of March of the following year, short-growth period vegetable breeding is carried out before rapeseed is harvested, and after rapeseed is harvested, the field is prepared and vegetables are transplanted in time, thereby making full use of the field space for rapeseed and rice, and significantly improving the output and multiple cropping index of farmland; by reasonably arranging the planting rotation, the present invention also adds rich landscape elements to the local tourism industry and promotes the integrated development of agriculture and tourism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1This is a growth period distribution diagram of "rice, oilseed and vegetables" under the three-cropping system of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 The comparison between the intercropping rapeseed yield under the three-cropping system of the present invention and the local average yield;

[0017] Figure 3 The yield comparison of 10 rice varieties tested in the present invention under three-cropping system and conventional cultivation;

[0018] Figure 4 It is the weight of fresh fruits harvested during the fruiting period of the pumpkin planted by the present invention.

[0019] The accompanying drawings are used to provide further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all professional and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those familiar to those skilled in the art. In addition, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be applied to the present invention. The preferred implementation methods and materials described herein are for demonstration purposes only and are not intended to limit the content of this application.

[0022] The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the experimental materials used in the following examples are purchased from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] According to the attached Figure 1 A method for planting rice fields in a three-cropping system in a karst rice-harvesting area comprises the following steps:

[0025] (1) Long-seedling age rice cultivation: Rice is sown in mid-to-early April, with an extra-long seedling age of 60 days. Rice is transplanted in mid-June, with basal fertilizer applied before transplanting, tillering fertilizer applied 7-10 days after transplanting, and spike fertilizer applied during the main stem spikelet differentiation period;

[0026] (2) Rapeseed interplanting: On September 27, 2023, 5-7 days before rice harvest, rapeseed seeds will be interplanted in the field, and seeding will be carried out between rice stalks using a seed drill;

[0027] (3) Rice harvest: Rice harvest will be on October 1, 2023. Rice straw will be crushed to cover the field surface when the rice is harvested by machine;

[0028] (4) Pumpkin planting: On March 29, 2024, pumpkin seedlings will be raised 15-20 days before rapeseed harvest. Rapeseed will be harvested on April 7, 2024. Field residues will be cleaned immediately after harvest and field tillage will be completed. Pumpkins will be transplanted on April 10, 2024. Rice will be sown on April 17, 2024. Pumpkins will be harvested on June 10, 2024. Rice will be transplanted on June 14, 2024. Rapeseed will be interplanted on October 3, 2024. Rice will be harvested on October 6, 2024.

[0029] The amount of basal fertilizer used in the cultivation of long-seedling rice is 100 kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen. 2 , the tillering fertilizer dosage is 50kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen 2 , the amount of ear fertilizer is pure nitrogen 40kg / hm 2 .

[0030] The long-seedling rice is cultivated in wide and narrow rows, with a wide row of 40 cm and a narrow row of 20 cm, a hole distance of 18 cm, and two seedlings per hole.

[0031] The rapeseed sowing rate is 4.0 kg / hm 2 , apply 80kg / hm2 of diammonium phosphate as seed fertilizer during sowing 2 .

[0032] Results Analysis

[0033] Test Example 1

[0034] Evaluation of rapeseed yield under three-cropping system

[0035] Figure 2 The yield of intercropping rapeseed is shown. Rapeseed was intercropped based on the experiment in 36 rice plots in the previous season. A: the highest yield of all plots, B: the average yield of all plots, C: the lowest yield of all plots; D: the local average rapeseed yield.

[0036] Depend on Figure 2It can be seen that the maximum yield (A) of the interplanted rapeseed of the present invention is significantly higher than the local average rapeseed yield (D), which indicates that under this planting mode, rapeseed in some areas can achieve high yield. At the same time, the average yield (B) of all plots is also equivalent to the local average yield (D), indicating that the planting method has a positive effect on increasing rapeseed yield as a whole. Although the minimum yield (C) is lower than the average level, the straw is crushed to cover the field surface when the rice is harvested mechanically, and the straw plays a role in retaining water and moisture, which promotes the timely emergence of rapeseed and reduces the labor and economic investment of field plowing. From the perspective of overall planting benefits, it still has certain advantages. This interplanting method utilizes the field humidity after rice harvesting, effectively guarantees the water demand of rapeseed during the emergence period, improves the emergence rate and seedling quality of rapeseed, and lays a foundation for increasing yield.

[0037] Test Example 2

[0038] Evaluation of rice yield under three-cropping system

[0039] Figure 3 It is a bar chart of the yield of 10 rice varieties under different cultivation methods. It can be seen from the figure that the rice yield of most varieties using the long-seedling-age rice three-cropping system planting method of the present invention, compared with the conventional cultivation method, shows the characteristic of being able to stabilize the rice yield. Among them, the yield of some varieties is greatly increased. This is because the planting method avoids the adverse effects of spring drought on rice growth and provides a guarantee for high and stable rice yield. In the karst single-season rice area, frequent spring droughts seriously affect the key growth period of rice from sowing to heading. The present invention adjusts the sowing and transplanting time to make rice grow in a more suitable environment, thereby effectively increasing the rice yield.

[0040] Test Example 3

[0041] Yield evaluation of small pumpkin under three-cropping system

[0042] Figure 4 is the result weight of small pumpkins in the three-cropping system, Figure 4 It can be seen that under this planting mode, the fresh fruit weight of small pumpkins harvested during the fruiting period performed well. By raising small pumpkin seedlings before rapeseed harvest at the end of March of the following year, and timely preparing the field for transplanting after rapeseed harvest, the field space during the rapeseed and rice intercropping period was fully utilized, significantly improving the output of farmland. Under this intercropping mode, small pumpkins can obtain better growth conditions within a limited growth cycle and achieve higher yields.

[0043] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0044] The present invention and its implementation methods are described above, which is not restrictive. The drawings are only one of the implementation methods of the present invention, and the actual application is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in the field are inspired by it and design methods and embodiments similar to the technical solution without creativity without departing from the purpose of the invention, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting rice fields in a three-cropping system in a karst rice-harvesting area, characterized by: The following steps are involved: (1) Long-seedling age rice cultivation: Rice is sown in mid-to-early April, and rice with an extra-long seedling age of 60 days is used. Rice is transplanted in mid-June. Base fertilizer is spread before transplanting, and tillering fertilizer is applied 7-10 days after transplanting. Ear fertilizer is applied during the main stem panicle differentiation period. (2) Rapeseed interplanting: In late September, rapeseed seeds are interplanted in the field 5-7 days before rice harvest; (3) Rice harvest: Rice is harvested in early October. Rice straw is crushed and used to cover the field surface when the rice is harvested by machine. (4) Short-season vegetable planting: At the end of March of the following year, 15-20 days before rapeseed harvest, short-season vegetable seedlings are raised. Rapeseed is harvested in early April, short-season vegetables are transplanted in mid-April, and vegetable harvesting is completed before rice transplanting in mid-June.

2. The method for three-cropping system in rice fields in karst one-season rice regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of base fertilizer used in the cultivation of long-seedling rice is 90-105 kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen. 2 , the tillering fertilizer dosage is 45-60kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen 2 , the amount of ear fertilizer is 30-45kg / hm2 of pure nitrogen 2 .

3. The method for three-cropping system in rice fields in karst one-season rice regions according to claim 2, characterized in that: The long-seedling rice is cultivated in wide and narrow rows, with a wide row of 40 cm and a narrow row of 20 cm, a hole distance of 18 cm, and two seedlings per hole.

4. The method for three-cropping system in rice fields in karst one-season rice regions according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sowing rate of rapeseed is 3.0-4.5kg / hm 2 , when sowing, mix with seed fertilizer diammonium phosphate 75-90kg / hm 2 .

5. The method for three-cropping rice field planting in karst one-season rice region according to claim 4, characterized in that: The vegetables are short-growing vegetables with a growing period of about 60 days.

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