Intelligent self-adaptive regulation and control system and method for water-saving irrigation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, and discloses a water-saving irrigation intelligent self-adaptive regulation and control system which comprises a sensor module including a soil humidity sensor, a meteorological sensor group and a crop growth sensor group, and the soil humidity sensor and the crop growth sensor group are installed in a farmland; and the meteorological sensor group is arranged near the farmland. According to the intelligent self-adaptive regulation and control system and method for water-saving irrigation, various sensors are integrated, so that data such as real-time temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind speed of an irrigation area and data such as plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll content of crops are monitored, and indexes for further reflecting the water demand condition of the crops are provided. According to the method, comprehensive and accurate environment and crop information can be obtained in real time, comprehensive analysis is carried out by utilizing an algorithm based on the data, and the actual water demand of the crops in different growth stages is accurately determined, so that targeted irrigation of the land is realized, and water source waste is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural irrigation, and in particular to an intelligent adaptive control system and method for water-saving irrigation. Background Art

[0002] Traditional irrigation methods have certain defects in the existing environment, such as:

[0003] Traditional irrigation uses flooding or manual timed irrigation to water crops. This irrigation operation results in a serious waste of water resources. Due to the spread of water, a large amount of water is not effectively absorbed by the crops, but instead has low infiltration, resulting in low irrigation efficiency. It is difficult to accurately meet the water requirements of crops at different growth stages, and excessive water soaking will cause the soil to become compacted, affecting the soil's air permeability and water permeability, which will be detrimental to crop growth.

[0004] In view of the above problems, it is urgent to carry out innovative designs based on the original agricultural irrigation methods. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent adaptive control system and method for water-saving irrigation, so as to solve the problem proposed in the above background technology that there is a serious waste of water resources in operations such as flooding or manual timed irrigation, a large amount of water is not effectively absorbed by crops, but the infiltration is low, thereby making the irrigation efficiency low, making it difficult to accurately meet the water requirements of crops at different growth stages, and the immersion of excessive water affects the air permeability and water permeability of the soil, thereby having an adverse effect on crop growth.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an intelligent adaptive control system for water-saving irrigation, comprising a sensor module, a data transmission module, a data processing module and a control execution module;

[0007] The sensor module includes a soil moisture sensor, a meteorological sensor group and a crop growth sensor group, and the soil moisture sensor and the crop growth sensor group are installed in the farmland, and the meteorological sensor group is installed near the farmland;

[0008] The data transmission module receives data sent by the sensor module, and the data transmission module includes a wireless transmission unit and a data transmission protocol unit, and the wireless transmission unit is connected to the soil moisture sensor, the meteorological sensor group and the crop growth sensor group through electrical signals;

[0009] The data processing module includes a data receiving and collating unit and a data analysis and decision unit, and the data receiving and collating unit receives all the data of the sensor module transmitted by the wireless transmission unit, and the data processed by the data receiving and collating unit is uploaded to the data analysis and decision unit, and the data of the data analysis and decision unit is transmitted from the wireless transmission unit to the control execution module;

[0010] The control execution module includes an irrigation control unit and an irrigation equipment unit, and the irrigation control unit receives instruction data from the control execution module and generates corresponding control instructions. The instructions generated by the irrigation control unit are transmitted to the irrigation equipment unit, and the feedback data of the sensor in the irrigation equipment unit is uploaded to the data processing module by the wireless transmission unit.

[0011] The above technical solution is adopted to provide more suitable water source for irrigation of farmland and crops.

[0012] Preferably, the meteorological sensor group includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a precipitation sensor and a wind speed sensor, and the meteorological sensor group collects meteorological data around the farmland.

[0013] The above technical solution makes it easy to carry out appropriate drip irrigation according to the state of the farmland, maintain soil moisture, and provide an excellent environment for crop growth.

[0014] Preferably, the crop growth sensor group includes a plant height sensor, a leaf area sensor and a chlorophyll content sensor, and the crop growth sensor group collects crop growth data.

[0015] The above technical solution is adopted to facilitate the detection of the growth status of crops planted in the farmland and to provide analysis assistance for the irrigation water volume.

[0016] Preferably, the wireless transmission unit of the data transmission module adopts wireless transmission technology, including one or more combinations of Wi-Fi, ZigBee or 4G / 5G networks, to stably and efficiently transmit the data collected by the sensor module to the units of each module.

[0017] The adoption of the above technical solution facilitates data exchange between units of various modules and facilitates dynamic adjustment of irrigation plans.

[0018] Preferably, the irrigation control unit is provided with a controller, a relay and a frequency converter, and the controller of the irrigation control unit is in signal communication with the irrigation equipment unit.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the irrigation control unit controls the operation of the equipment in the irrigation equipment unit, so as to adjust the irrigation water volume and irrigation speed.

[0020] Preferably, the irrigation equipment unit includes an irrigation water pump, a water delivery pipeline, an irrigation nozzle and a control valve, and the irrigation water pump and the control valve are connected to a relay, and the irrigation water pump is connected to a frequency converter signal.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, the devices in the irrigation equipment unit are connected to each other to form the entire irrigation equipment and components.

[0022] Preferably, the water pipeline connects the irrigation water pump and the irrigation nozzle, and a control valve is provided between each section of the water pipeline, and a control valve is provided at the connection between the irrigation nozzle and the water pipeline.

[0023] The adoption of the technical solution makes it easy to control the amount of water between each irrigation pipe, which is beneficial to water saving.

[0024] A water-saving irrigation intelligent adaptive control method comprises the following steps:

[0025] S1: Install various sensor locations in the sensor module in and around the farmland to monitor the soil moisture, surrounding air environment and crop growth conditions, and digitize the monitored data;

[0026] S2: Install wireless transmission network gateways and other equipment around the farmland to receive data sent by sensors installed in the farmland and upload them into the data processing module using a suitable data transmission protocol;

[0027] S3: The data processing center of the data processing module receives the sensor data and performs data cleaning operations, and then performs data calibration, corrects the data according to the calibration parameters of the sensor, and fills in the small amount of data missing due to transmission interruption and other reasons;

[0028] S4: The data processed in S3 is uploaded to the data analysis and decision-making module. After the crop water demand model analysis results trained in the module are combined with the actual irrigation facilities of the current farmland, the data analysis and decision-making unit generates specific irrigation strategies and control instructions;

[0029] S5: The control instruction of S4 is sent to the irrigation execution device via the wireless transmission network. The sensor installed in the irrigation execution device feeds back the irrigation equipment data to the crop water demand model of the data processing module to optimize and update the model.

[0030] The above technical solution is adopted to carry out real-time operation processing for farmland irrigation work, which is convenient for the device to process.

[0031] Preferably, the sensor module collects soil moisture, meteorological data and crop growth data at predetermined time intervals.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, it is possible to provide real-time and accurate data content on the status of farmland.

[0033] Preferably, the sensor provided in the irrigation execution device adopts a wireless transmission unit to regularly feedback the start and stop status of the water pump, the flow regulation of the control gate and the water pipeline, and the water volume data of the irrigation sprinkler at set time intervals.

[0034] The above technical solution makes it easy to dynamically adjust instructions according to the irrigation water source conditions in the water pipe during irrigation.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the water-saving irrigation intelligent adaptive control system and method:

[0036] 1. The system integrates a variety of sensors to monitor the real-time temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed and other data of the irrigation area, as well as the crop height, leaf area, chlorophyll content and other data. In order to further reflect the indicators of crop water demand, the system can obtain comprehensive and accurate environmental and crop information in real time by calculating the soil conditions in the land and the actual demand of the crops. Based on these data, the algorithm is used for comprehensive analysis to accurately determine the actual water demand of crops at different growth stages, so as to achieve targeted irrigation of the land, while meeting the optimal irrigation water volume for crop growth and reducing the waste of water resources. At the same time, the weather conditions are detected in the farmland area, and the real-time soil moisture conditions are fed back. After detecting the precipitation information data, the irrigation plan is immediately suspended, and the soil moisture changes are re-evaluated according to the precipitation intensity and duration, and the subsequent irrigation time and water volume are adjusted. When the precipitation is sufficient to meet the current crop growth needs, the system can postpone the irrigation plan for several days or even cancel the current irrigation cycle, effectively preventing repeated irrigation and ineffective loss of water resources;

[0037] 2. The crop growth sensor group set in the sensor module is equipped with a plant height sensor, a leaf area sensor and a chlorophyll content sensor, so as to set up personalized irrigation plans for corresponding crops according to the specific water requirements of different crop types, different varieties and the same crop at different growth stages. By precisely controlling the amount and time of irrigation water, the most suitable soil moisture environment is provided for crops, reducing problems such as root hypoxia and disease breeding caused by excessive water, promoting the healthy growth of crops, and at the same time meeting the crop growth needs to the greatest extent, improving the quality and market competitiveness of agricultural products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the relationship between modules of the irrigation control system of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the units and equipment of the system module of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a specific device of the meteorological sensor group of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a specific device of the crop growth sensor group of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a specific device of the irrigation device unit of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a specific device of the irrigation control unit of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the irrigation control method of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the crop water requirement model training process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] See also Figure 1-Figure 8 ,The present invention provides a technical solution: an intelligent adaptive control system for water-saving irrigation, including a sensor module, a data transmission module, a data processing module and a control execution module;

[0048] The sensor module includes a soil moisture sensor, a meteorological sensor group and a crop growth sensor group, and the soil moisture sensor and the crop growth sensor group are installed in the farmland, and the meteorological sensor group is installed near the farmland, the meteorological sensor group includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a precipitation sensor and a wind speed sensor, and the meteorological sensor group collects meteorological data around the farmland, the crop growth sensor group includes a plant height sensor, a leaf area sensor and a chlorophyll content sensor, and the plant growth sensor group collects crop growth data;

[0049] The data transmission module receives data sent by the sensor module, and the data transmission module includes a wireless transmission unit and a data transmission protocol unit. The wireless transmission unit is connected to the soil moisture sensor, the meteorological sensor group, and the crop growth sensor group through an electrical signal. The wireless transmission unit of the data transmission module adopts wireless transmission technology, including one or more combinations of Wi-Fi, ZigBee, or 4G / 5G networks, and is used to stably and efficiently transmit the data collected by the sensor module to the units of each module;

[0050] The data processing module includes a data receiving and collating unit and a data analysis and decision unit, and the data receiving and collating unit receives all the data of the sensor module transmitted by the wireless transmission unit, and the data processed by the data receiving and collating unit is uploaded to the data analysis and decision unit, and the data of the data analysis and decision unit is transmitted from the wireless transmission unit to the control execution module;

[0051] The control execution module includes an irrigation control unit and an irrigation equipment unit, and the irrigation control unit receives the instruction data of the control execution module and generates corresponding control instructions. The instructions generated by the irrigation control unit are transmitted to the irrigation equipment unit, and the feedback data of the sensor in the irrigation equipment unit is uploaded to the data processing module by the wireless transmission unit. The water pipeline connects the irrigation water pump and the irrigation nozzle, and a control valve is set between each section of the water pipeline. The control valve is set at the connection between the irrigation nozzle and the water pipeline.

[0052] In conjunction with the accompanying drawings Figure 1-Figure 6 As shown, during the farmland planning and construction stage, the sensor module, data transmission module, data processing module and control execution module are installed according to the equipment requirements. The data transmission module connects the sensor module, data processing module and control execution module to realize data transmission, which is convenient for uploading sensor data of field status and transmitting irrigation instructions. At the same time, the data transmission module records the historical records of each processing in real time to build a database and upload it to the cloud for storage through the wireless network;

[0053] Among them, the data processing module is installed in the farmland management room or monitoring center, connected to the power supply and data transmission line, installed and debugged the intelligent control algorithm software, and initialized the algorithm parameters according to the actual situation of the farmland and crop planting information;

[0054] During the use of this irrigation system, the sensor module collects soil moisture, meteorological data and crop growth data in real time, and transmits these data to the data processing module through the data transmission module. During this period, the data collection frequency is dynamically adjusted according to the crop growth stage and environmental changes;

[0055] During the peak crop growth period or when weather changes frequently, increase the frequency of data collection to once every 10-15 minutes;

[0056] During a relatively stable crop growth period or when the weather is relatively stable, the frequency of data collection can be reduced to once every 30-60 minutes;

[0057] After the signal transmission of the wireless transmission unit, the data processing module receives the data and first pre-processes the data, including removing abnormal values, noise data and other data cleaning, and correcting the data according to the sensor calibration parameters;

[0058] Then, the built-in intelligent control algorithm is used to analyze the processed data, determine the degree of soil moisture deficit based on soil moisture data, and predict the evaporation and transpiration in the future based on meteorological data. Combined with the crop growth model and irrigation history data, the current crop water demand status and appropriate irrigation strategy are determined. The crop water demand coefficient is then determined based on the crop growth stage, and the amount of water and irrigation time required for this irrigation are comprehensively calculated.

[0059] Among them, the water requirement coefficient of the crop is calculated by the ratio of the actual evapotranspiration of the crop to the evapotranspiration of the reference crop, and then the data is input into the crop water requirement model of the data processing module for calculation;

[0060] The crop water demand model collects data from sensor modules and historical irrigation records to check whether there are abnormal values ​​in the collected data. The abnormal values ​​may be caused by sensor failure, data transmission errors or extreme environmental conditions. The statistical method is used to identify and eliminate or correct them, and then the different data are standardized.

[0061] During the data collection process, some data may be missing due to sensor failure, communication interruption, etc. For missing data, interpolation methods can be used to complete it;

[0062] Calculation of linear interpolation: Assume that the data between two known data points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) are linearly related. For the intermediate x value, the corresponding y value is calculated by the linear formula:

[0063] y=y1+(y2-y1)(x-x1) / (x2-x1)

[0064] Calculated by the formula;

[0065] The model selected is the crop evapotranspiration (ET0) model, and the formula is:

[0066]

[0067] R n where is the net radiation, G is the soil heat flux, Δ is the slope of the saturated water vapor pressure-temperature curve, γ is the psychrometric constant, T is the average temperature, u2 is the wind speed at 2 meters, and es is the saturated water vapor pressure, e a is the actual water vapor pressure. For the actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc), it is obtained by multiplying the crop coefficient (Kc) by ET0, that is:

[0068] ETc=Kc×ET0

[0069] The crop coefficient (Kc) is related to the crop type and growth stage. Through a large number of experiments, the Kc values ​​of different crops at different growth stages are determined, and the crop water requirement is calculated;

[0070] Based on the principle of water balance in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC), the formula is:

[0071] W t =W0+P-ET-RD

[0072] Where W t is the water content of the soil at a certain moment, W0 is the initial soil water content, P is precipitation, ET is crop evapotranspiration, R is surface runoff, and D is deep seepage. By monitoring the changes in soil water content, precipitation and other data, combined with the estimation of surface runoff and deep seepage, the crop evapotranspiration can be inferred, and then the crop water requirement can be calculated;

[0073] When learning the model, a multi-layer perceptron neural network is constructed. The input layer nodes include meteorological data such as soil moisture, temperature, humidity, wind speed, precipitation, and crop growth data such as plant height, leaf area, and chlorophyll content. The hidden layer can be set to 1-3 layers according to the complexity of the data and the accuracy requirements of the model. The number of neurons in each layer is determined through experiments and adjustments. The output layer is the crop water requirement or irrigation time.

[0074] During the training process, the historical data was divided into training set, validation set and test set. 70% of the data was used for training, 15% for validation and 15% for testing. The weights and thresholds of the neural network were adjusted through the back propagation algorithm to make the model's predicted output as close as possible to the actual crop water requirement.

[0075] The support vector machine model is used to construct the crop water demand model. The input soil moisture, meteorological and crop growth data are mapped to a high-dimensional space. The different water demand categories such as high water demand, medium water demand and low water demand are divided by finding an optimal hyperplane. During the training process, the low-dimensional data is mapped to a high-dimensional space through the radial basis kernel function, and the parameters of the optimal hyperplane are solved using the Lagrange multiplier method.

[0076] After the model training is completed, the root mean square error, mean absolute error and determination coefficient are used to measure the deviation between the predicted value and the actual value. Then the cross-validation method is used to evaluate the stability and generalization ability of the model. Only when the model evaluation fails or the data of the irrigation equipment is fed back, the hidden layer and number of neurons of the model's neural network are adjusted, the parameters of the algorithm are optimized, and then re-training and evaluation are carried out until the model performance meets the requirements. The output model is to calculate the land in real time to obtain the analysis results and the irrigation plan is transmitted to the data processing module;

[0077] The data processing module generates irrigation control instructions based on the analysis results, including instructions for starting and stopping the water pump, flow adjustment, and switching the sprinkler heads, angle adjustment, etc. The instructions are transmitted to the irrigation execution module through the data transmission module. The irrigation execution module starts or stops the irrigation equipment according to the instructions and adjusts the irrigation water volume and irrigation range.

[0078] When it is calculated that irrigation is needed, the data processing module sends a start instruction to the water pump and adjusts the inverter parameters according to the required flow rate so that the water pump outputs the appropriate flow rate;

[0079] At the same time, according to the irrigation area and crop layout, the opening and angle adjustment of the corresponding sprinkler heads are controlled to ensure that the irrigation water is evenly sprayed on the crop root area;

[0080] During the irrigation process, the data processing module continuously monitors the sensor data and adjusts the irrigation control instructions in real time according to the actual situation to achieve dynamic optimization control of the irrigation process;

[0081] A water-saving irrigation intelligent adaptive control method comprises the following steps:

[0082] S1: Install various sensor locations in the sensor module in and around the farmland to monitor the soil moisture, surrounding air environment and crop growth conditions of the farmland, and digitize the monitored data. The sensor module collects soil moisture, meteorological data and crop growth data at predetermined time intervals;

[0083] S2: Install wireless transmission network gateways and other equipment around the farmland to receive data sent by sensors installed in the farmland and upload them into the data processing module using a suitable data transmission protocol;

[0084] S3: The data processing center of the data processing module receives the sensor data and performs data cleaning operations, and then performs data calibration, corrects the data according to the calibration parameters of the sensor, and fills in the small amount of data missing due to transmission interruption and other reasons;

[0085] S4: The data processed in S3 is uploaded to the data analysis and decision-making module. After the crop water demand model analysis results trained in the module are combined with the actual irrigation facilities of the current farmland, the data analysis and decision-making unit generates specific irrigation strategies and control instructions;

[0086] S5: The control instruction of S4 is sent to the irrigation execution device through the wireless transmission network. The sensor set in the irrigation execution device feeds back the irrigation equipment data to the crop water demand model of the data processing module to optimize and update the model. The sensor set in the irrigation execution device uses a wireless transmission unit to regularly feed back the start and stop status of the water pump, the flow adjustment of the control gate and the water pipeline, and the water volume data of the irrigation sprinkler at a set time interval;

[0087] In conjunction with the accompanying drawings Figure 7-Figure 8 As shown, in S1, the soil moisture sensors of the sensor module are controlled to be installed in the field at a certain spacing and depth, so as to ensure that the soil moisture changes can be fully monitored;

[0088] The temperature sensors, humidity sensors, precipitation sensors and wind speed sensors in the meteorological sensor group are all installed in open and unobstructed meteorological monitoring stations around the farmland. They are installed and debugged in accordance with meteorological monitoring specifications to ensure the accuracy of meteorological data.

[0089] The crop growth sensor group selects the appropriate installation location and method according to the crop type and growth characteristics. The plant height sensor is installed at a height above the crop. The crop height growth is monitored based on the laser ranging principle. The leaf area sensor and chlorophyll content sensor are installed on the crop leaves to ensure that the crop growth data can be accurately collected. Among them, the leaf area sensor uses image recognition technology to collect leaf area, and the chlorophyll content sensor uses spectrophotometry or chlorophyll fluorescence technology to quickly and accurately measure the chlorophyll content of crop leaves.

[0090] The data changes of the crop growth sensor group monitor the growth rate of crops, the development of leaves, and the photosynthesis efficiency, thereby indirectly reflecting the water demand of crops. When crops are in a rapid growth stage and the leaf area increases, their water demand will usually increase accordingly. The data of the crop growth sensor group can help the system adjust the irrigation strategy in time.

[0091] When installing the data transmission module, pair the sensor with the data transmission module, set the wireless communication parameters such as the SSID and password of the Wi-Fi network, the PANID and channel of the ZigBee network, and ensure that the data can be stably transmitted to the data processing module and the control execution module;

[0092] The irrigation equipment unit in the control execution module is installed in the crop planting area of ​​the farmland. According to the irrigation area and terrain of the farmland, the appropriate installation position of the irrigation water pump is selected, the water pump is connected to the pipeline, and the main pipe, branch pipe and capillary pipe are laid according to the irrigation layout to ensure that the irrigation water can be evenly and stably transported to various areas of the field. The control valve is installed at the node where each pipeline turns, the nozzle is installed and the height and angle of the nozzle are adjusted. After the installation is completed, the irrigation equipment is debugged, the operation of the water pump, the sealing of the pipeline and the spraying effect of the nozzle are checked to ensure that the control execution module can work normally. The irrigation control unit is connected to the irrigation water pump, and a programmable logic controller is used to receive the irrigation control instructions generated by the data processing module, and logical operations and processing are performed according to the instructions, thereby realizing precise control of the irrigation equipment;

[0093] The relay serves as an interface between the controller and the irrigation equipment, and is used to control the irrigation pump and the power supply of the valve equipment;

[0094] The frequency converter is used to adjust the speed of the irrigation pump, so as to accurately control the irrigation water volume and water pressure, so that the pump can output the appropriate flow and pressure to achieve the purpose of water saving and energy saving. At the same time, flow monitors and flow velocity monitors are installed on the pipelines and control valves to monitor the irrigation work in real time. By real-time monitoring of irrigation water and electricity consumption, data support is provided for water resource management and cost accounting. The flow monitor and flow velocity monitor are connected to the wireless transmission unit, and the data is uploaded to the data processing module through the wireless transmission unit to assist in the adjustment of irrigation instructions, so that the entire irrigation system has the function of dynamic adjustment during irrigation. Through precise irrigation control, excessive use and ineffective operation of irrigation equipment are avoided.

[0095] While the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A water-saving irrigation intelligent adaptive control system, characterized in that: include: Sensor module, data transmission module, data processing module and control execution module; The sensor module includes a soil moisture sensor, a meteorological sensor group and a crop growth sensor group, and the soil moisture sensor and the crop growth sensor group are installed in the farmland, and the meteorological sensor group is installed near the farmland; The data transmission module receives data sent by the sensor module, and the data transmission module includes a wireless transmission unit and a data transmission protocol unit, and the wireless transmission unit is connected to the soil moisture sensor, the meteorological sensor group and the crop growth sensor group through electrical signals; The data processing module includes a data receiving and collating unit and a data analysis and decision unit, and the data receiving and collating unit receives all the data of the sensor module transmitted by the wireless transmission unit, and the data processed by the data receiving and collating unit is uploaded to the data analysis and decision unit, and the data of the data analysis and decision unit is transmitted from the wireless transmission unit to the control execution module; The control execution module includes an irrigation control unit and an irrigation equipment unit, and the irrigation control unit receives instruction data from the control execution module and generates corresponding control instructions. The instructions generated by the irrigation control unit are transmitted to the irrigation equipment unit, and the feedback data of the sensor in the irrigation equipment unit is uploaded to the data processing module by the wireless transmission unit.

2. The water-saving irrigation intelligent adaptive control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The meteorological sensor group includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a precipitation sensor and a wind speed sensor, and the meteorological sensor group collects meteorological data around the farmland.

3. The water-saving irrigation intelligent adaptive control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crop growth sensor group includes a plant height sensor, a leaf area sensor and a chlorophyll content sensor, and the crop growth sensor group collects crop growth data.

4. The water-saving irrigation intelligent adaptive control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wireless transmission unit of the data transmission module adopts wireless transmission technology, including one or more combinations of Wi-Fi, ZigBee or 4G / 5G networks, to stably and efficiently transmit the data collected by the sensor module to the units of each module.

5. The water-saving irrigation intelligent adaptive control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation control unit is provided with a controller, a relay and a frequency converter, and the controller of the irrigation control unit is in signal communication with the irrigation equipment unit.

6. The water-saving irrigation intelligent adaptive control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation equipment unit includes an irrigation water pump, a water delivery pipeline, an irrigation nozzle and a control valve, and the irrigation water pump and the control valve are connected to the relay, and the irrigation water pump is connected to the frequency converter signal.

7. The water-saving irrigation intelligent adaptive control system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water delivery pipeline connects the irrigation water pump and the irrigation nozzle, and a control valve is arranged between each section of the water delivery pipeline, and a control valve is arranged at the connection between the irrigation nozzle and the water delivery pipeline.

8. A water-saving irrigation intelligent adaptive control method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Install various sensor locations in the sensor module in and around the farmland to monitor the soil moisture, surrounding air environment and crop growth conditions, and digitize the monitored data; S2: Install wireless transmission network gateways and other equipment around the farmland to receive data sent by sensors installed in the farmland and upload them into the data processing module using a suitable data transmission protocol; S3: The data processing center of the data processing module receives the sensor data and performs data cleaning operations, and then performs data calibration, corrects the data according to the calibration parameters of the sensor, and fills in the small amount of data missing due to transmission interruption and other reasons; S4: The data processed in S3 is uploaded to the data analysis and decision-making module. After the crop water demand model analysis results trained in the module are combined with the actual irrigation facilities of the current farmland, the data analysis and decision-making unit generates specific irrigation strategies and control instructions; S5: The control instruction of S4 is sent to the irrigation execution device via the wireless transmission network. The sensor installed in the irrigation execution device feeds back the irrigation equipment data to the crop water demand model of the data processing module to optimize and update the model.

9. The method for intelligent adaptive control of water-saving irrigation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sensor module collects soil moisture, meteorological data and crop growth data at predetermined time intervals.

10. The method for intelligent adaptive control of water-saving irrigation according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sensor arranged in the irrigation execution device adopts a wireless transmission unit to regularly feedback the start and stop status of the water pump, the flow regulation of the control gate and the water pipeline, and the water volume data of the irrigation sprinkler at set time intervals.

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