Ship soft stranding experimental device and experimental method

Abstract

The invention discloses a ship soft stranding experimental device which comprises a shoal shore-based experimental device, an experimental ship model, a traction mechanism and a three-dimensional motion capture system. The shoal shore-based experimental device comprises a box-shaped structure, a base structure and a soil sweeping mechanism, the box-shaped structure is used for containing shoal materials; the front end of the base structure is rotationally connected with the box-shaped structure, and the included angle between the box-shaped structure and the base structure is adjusted through the lifting mechanism. An acceleration sensor and a small marking ball are mounted on a deck of the experimental ship model; the traction mechanism drags the experimental ship model to sail at a certain initial speed and then stranded on the shoal shore-based experimental device; the three-dimensional motion capture system tests the motion state of the experimental ship model in the whole soft stranding process by capturing the motion trail of the small marking ball. When a ship soft stranding experiment is carried out, various different working conditions such as a shoal shore base slope angle, a shoal material, experiment water depth, a ship bow folding angle, a ship model floating state and a ship model advancing speed can be conveniently adjusted and changed, and the experiment can be repeatedly carried out.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ship grounding experiments, and in particular to a ship soft grounding experiment device and an experiment method. Background Art

[0002] The topography of inland rivers and coastal shallow waters is mainly flat sandy slopes. Due to the water depth, it is easy for ships to run aground. When the ship is stranded on a flat sandy slope, it will maintain a large angle of stern trim. The hull will be subjected to a large bending load. Once the bending load exceeds the design limit bending load, it will cause secondary damage to the hull, causing the ship to break or collapse. These working conditions have not been fully considered in traditional ship design. Studying the mechanical response of ships running aground on shoal slopes can provide theoretical references for ship safety design, improve ship structure design, and reduce grounding accidents. Due to the huge size of the actual ship, it consumes materials and labor to conduct soft grounding experiments with actual ship structures. Therefore, ship model experiments are an effective research method. However, such experiments are subject to the shoal shore conditions of the experimental site. Not only are they consuming materials and labor, but they are also extremely inconvenient for the transportation of large ship models. In addition, it is difficult to conveniently change the numerical working condition design of the parameters affecting the shoal shore, and it is impossible to conduct targeted and systematic experimental research. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a ship soft grounding experimental device and experimental method. Through reasonable device design and experimental design, ship soft grounding experiments under different working conditions can be carried out in the experimental water tank to explore the influence of various factors including shoal slope and shoal material properties on the ship soft grounding response.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A ship soft stranding experimental device comprises an experimental pool; further comprising a shoal shore-based experimental device and an experimental ship model installed in the experimental pool, and a traction mechanism and a three-dimensional motion capture system installed on the shore of the experimental pool; the shoal shore-based experimental device comprises a box-type structure, a base structure and a soil sweeping mechanism; the box-type structure is used to hold shoal materials, and openings are arranged on its upper surface and front end surface; the base structure is arranged below the box-type structure and fixed to the bottom of the experimental pool, the front end of the base structure is rotatably connected to the front end bottom of the box-type structure, a lifting mechanism is installed at the middle and rear of the base structure, and the upper end of the lifting mechanism is connected to the bottom of the box-type structure The box-type structure is connected to the base structure through the lifting mechanism to adjust the angle between the box-type structure and the base structure; the soil sweeping mechanism is installed on the top of the box-type structure and can move along the front and rear direction of the box-type structure, and is used to control the flatness of the shoal material in the box-type structure; acceleration sensors and marking balls are installed on the deck of the experimental ship model at the bow, stern and center of gravity; the traction mechanism is connected to the experimental ship model, and is used to tow the experimental ship model to sail at a certain initial velocity and run aground on the shoal shore-based experimental device, thereby simulating the occurrence of a soft grounding accident of a ship; the three-dimensional motion capture system tests the motion state of the experimental ship model during the entire soft grounding process by capturing the motion trajectory of the marking ball.

[0006] In the above scheme, the soil sweeping mechanism includes a soil sweeping frame, and roller base plates are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the soil sweeping frame, and a plurality of rollers are installed at the bottom of the roller base plates. Guide rails arranged along the front and rear directions are installed above the left and right enclosures of the box-type structure, and the rollers are adapted to be installed on the guide rails. A scraper plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the soil sweeping frame in a detachable manner.

[0007] In the above scheme, the shoal shore-based experimental device also includes a storage mechanism, which is rotatably installed in front of the box-type structure and is used to recover the shoal materials dropped therein after the ship grounding experiment into the box-type structure.

[0008] In the above scheme, the storage mechanism includes a storage plate, and the left and right sides of the storage plate are respectively connected to the left and right side panels of the box-type structure through telescopic arms, and the angle of the storage mechanism relative to the box-type structure is controlled by the extension and retraction of the telescopic arms.

[0009] In the above solution, lifting ears are also installed on the left and right side panels of the box-type structure.

[0010] In the above scheme, the shoal material is one or more combinations of silt, sand, gravel, and rock, and the particle properties and particle size are selected according to experimental conditions.

[0011] In the above scheme, several weight-adjusting bases are arranged side by side on the deck of the experimental ship model in a symmetrical manner from the bow to the stern, and two columns are arranged side by side on the weight-adjusting base. The draft and buoyancy of the experimental ship model are adjusted by placing weight-adjusting blocks. There are two holes in the weight-adjusting block, which can pass through the columns of the weight-adjusting base and be placed on the weight-adjusting base.

[0012] In the above scheme, the bow part of the bottom plate of the experimental ship model is a folded edge structure, which ensures that the grounding point on the ship model remains unchanged during the entire grounding process, that is, the force point of the grounding force on the ship remains unchanged and is always located at the apex of the folded edge of the bottom.

[0013] In the above scheme, the traction mechanism includes a traction motor and a traction rope; pulley guide devices are provided on both sides of the shallow shore-based experimental device, and the pulley guide devices include columns and fixed pulleys arranged on the columns; the traction motor is fixed to the shore at one end of the experimental water pool, and the traction rope is divided into two strands, one end of the two strands is fixed on the turntable of the traction motor and wound around, and the other end passes around the fixed pulleys on both sides of the shallow shore-based experimental device and then merges and is connected to the hook at the bow of the experimental ship model. The speed of the traction motor is adjusted by the frequency converter to control the forward speed of the ship model.

[0014] Accordingly, the present invention also proposes a ship soft grounding test method, which uses the above-mentioned ship soft grounding test device and includes the following steps:

[0015] S1. After hoisting the experimental ship model and placing it in the experimental water tank, adjust the experimental ship model to the positive floating design draft, and control the bow and stern inclination angle of the ship under this working condition;

[0016] S2. Connect the experimental ship model to the traction mechanism to ensure that the experimental ship model is towed and sailed in the designed state;

[0017] S3. Place the set shallow material in the box structure, adjust the angle between the box structure and the base structure through the lifting mechanism, and control the flatness of the shallow material in the box structure by moving the sweeping mechanism along the front and rear direction of the box structure;

[0018] S4, start the traction mechanism, pull the experimental ship model to accelerate towards the shoal shore-based experimental device, and when the experimental ship model is about to touch the shoal material, disconnect the traction rope in time, so that the experimental ship model sails at a certain initial speed and runs aground on the shoal shore-based experimental device, thereby simulating the occurrence of a ship grounding accident;

[0019] S5. During the experiment, a three-dimensional motion capture system and an acceleration sensor were used to record the motion process of the ship model in real time, and the speed change, displacement change trajectory and acceleration change history of the ship model during the stranding process were accurately obtained through post-processing software;

[0020] S6. After the grounding, the compressive deformation of the shoal shore-based experimental device was measured using a three-dimensional scanning system to simulate the deformation of the shoal after the grounding, and to measure the travel distance of the ship model after the grounding.

[0021] The beneficial effects produced by the present invention are:

[0022] 1. The shoal shore test device of the present invention can be conveniently installed in the experimental pool, thereby reducing the cost of the shoal grounding test; and the shoal slope and the shoal material properties and usage can be flexibly controlled, so that the numerical working condition design of each shoal shore influencing parameter can be conveniently changed. When the experimental device of the present invention is used to conduct a soft grounding experiment of a ship, it is convenient to adjust and change the shoal shore slope angle, shoal material, experimental water depth, bow folding angle, ship model floating state, ship model forward speed and other different working conditions and repeat the experiment, which has the characteristics of low cost, economic energy saving, safety and reliability.

[0023] 2. The soil sweeping mechanism designed in the present invention can control the surface contour of the shoal material of different materials to be flat, so that it is flush with the bottom of the box structure, thereby more accurately simulating the slope of the shoal.

[0024] 3. The storage mechanism designed in the present invention can recycle the shoal materials dropped after a ship grounding experiment into the box-type structure, which is convenient for the shoal preparation work for the next ship grounding experiment and improves the experimental efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ship soft grounding experimental device of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of a shallow shore-based experimental device of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 The box-shaped structure and the structural diagram of the rotating shaft mechanism of the shallow shore-based experimental device shown;

[0029] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 The structural diagram of the base structure and lifting mechanism of the shallow shore-based experimental device shown;

[0030] Figure 5 yes Figure 2The structural diagram of the soil sweeping mechanism of the shallow shore-based experimental device shown;

[0031] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of the middle A area;

[0032] Figure 7 yes Figure 2 The structural diagram of the storage mechanism and telescopic arm of the shallow shore-based experimental device shown;

[0033] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the experimental ship model of the present invention;

[0034] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the soft grounding experiment process of a ship according to the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 100, shallow shore experimental device; 10, box structure; 101, coaming; 102, lifting lug; 103, guide rail; 111, rotating shaft; 112, shaft pin; 113, shaft sleeve; 20, base structure; 21, lifting mechanism; 30, soil sweeping mechanism; 301, soil sweeping frame; 302, scraper plate; 303, roller bottom plate; 304, roller; 305, limit card plate; 306, handle cover; 307, handle; 40, storage mechanism; 401, storage plate; 41, telescopic arm;

[0036] 200, experimental ship model; 211, ship model body; 212, ship bottom plate; 213, deck; 214, weight adjustment base; 215, weight adjustment block; 216, bow hook; 217, acceleration sensor; 218, marking ball;

[0037] 300. traction mechanism; 310. traction rope;

[0038] 400. Pulley guide device; 410. Fixed pulley;

[0039] 500. 3D motion capture system;

[0040] 600. Experimental pool. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0042] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner. Therefore, the drawings only show components related to the present invention rather than being drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout type may also be more complicated.

[0043] In the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application. In addition, if the terms "first" and "second" appear, they are only used for description and distinction purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0044] Embodiment 1: Device embodiment

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a ship soft grounding experimental device, including an experimental water pool 600, a shoal shore-based experimental device 100 and an experimental ship model 200 installed in the experimental water pool 600, and a traction mechanism 300 and a three-dimensional motion capture system 500 installed on the shore of the experimental water pool 600.

[0046] like Figure 2-7 As shown, the shallow shore experimental device 100 includes a box structure 10, a base structure 20, a soil sweeping mechanism 30 and a storage mechanism 40. The box structure 10 is a box body that can hold shallow shore materials. The left and right sides and the rear side are provided with enclosures 101 to prevent the shallow shore materials from flowing out. The upper surface and the front end surface (i.e., the collision surface) are provided with openings. The base structure 20 is arranged below the box structure 10, and the front end of the base structure 20 is rotatably connected to the front end bottom of the box structure 10. A lifting mechanism 21 is installed at the middle and rear of the base structure 20. The upper end of the lifting mechanism 21 is connected to the bottom of the box structure 10. The box structure 10 is lifted or lowered by the lifting mechanism 21 to adjust the angle between the box structure 10 and the base structure 20 to simulate the shallow shore foundation conditions with different slopes. The soil sweeping mechanism 30 is installed above the box structure 10 and can move along the front and rear directions of the box structure 10 to control the flatness of the shallow shore materials in the box structure 10. The storage mechanism 40 is rotatably installed in front of the box-type structure 10, and is used to recover the shoal materials dropped therein after the ship grounding experiment into the box-type structure 10. The storage mechanism 40 is horizontally placed at the bottom of the pool during the ship grounding experiment to hold the dropped shoal materials. When the shoal materials need to be recovered to the box-type structure 10, the shoal materials can be poured into the box-type structure 10 by controlling its rotation.

[0047] For further optimization, the shoal material is one or more combinations of silt, sand, gravel, and rock, and the particle properties and particle size are selected according to the experimental conditions.

[0048] Further optimization, the front end of the base structure 20 is rotatably connected to the front bottom of the box-type structure 10 through a rotating shaft mechanism, and the rotating shaft mechanism includes a rotating shaft 111, an axle pin 112 and a sleeve 113 installed at the front bottom of the box-type structure 10, and a sleeve 113 installed on the base structure 20, the rotating shaft 111 is inserted into the sleeve 113, and the axle pin 112 is installed at both ends of the rotating shaft 111.

[0049] Further optimization, the soil sweeping mechanism 30 includes a soil sweeping frame 301, and roller bottom plates 303 are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the soil sweeping frame 301, and a plurality of rollers 304 are installed at the bottom of the roller bottom plates 303. The upper edges of the left and right enclosures 101 of the box-type structure 10 are installed with guide rails 103 arranged in the front-back direction. The rollers 304 and the guide rails 103 are adapted and installed so that the soil sweeping mechanism 30 is installed as a whole above the box-type structure 10, and the soil sweeping mechanism 30 travels on the guide rails 103 of the enclosure 101 of the box-type structure through the rollers 304. A replaceable scraper board 302 is fixedly installed below the soil sweeping frame 301 in a detachable manner, and the height and thickness of the scraper board 302 can be adjusted as needed to control the surface contour of the shallow beach materials of different materials to be flat.

[0050] For further optimization, a limit clamping plate 305 is fixedly installed below the roller bottom plate 303 to clamp the left and right sides of the enclosure 101 of the box-type structure 10 to limit the left and right deviation of the soil sweeping mechanism 30.

[0051] For further optimization, a handle sleeve 306 is installed at the rear side of the soil sweeping frame 301, and handles 307 of different lengths can be installed in the handle sleeve 306, so that the soil sweeping mechanism 30 can be manually operated to move back and forth.

[0052] Further optimized, the storage mechanism 40 includes a dustpan-shaped or shovel-shaped storage plate 401, and the left and right sides of the storage plate 401 are respectively connected to the left and right side panels 101 of the box-type structure 10 through telescopic arms 41, and the angle of the storage mechanism 40 relative to the box-type structure 10 is controlled by the telescopic movement of the telescopic arms 41. In one embodiment of the present invention, the telescopic arms 41 are hydraulic telescopic arms 41, which can be operated and controlled by a control system.

[0053] For further optimization, lifting ears 102 are installed on the left and right side panels 101 of the box-type structure 10. In some special cases, the inclination angle of the box-type structure 10 can be changed by lifting with a crane, thereby achieving control of the slope.

[0054] For further optimization, during the experiment, the base structure 20 is fixed to the bottom of one side of the experimental water pool 600 by welding or bolt connection.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present invention, the lifting mechanism 21 also adopts a hydraulic telescopic structure, which can be operated and controlled by a control system.

[0056] like Figure 8 As shown, the experimental ship model 200 includes a ship model body 211, a ship bottom plate 212 and a deck 213. A bow hook 216 is detachably fixedly installed at the front end of the ship model body 211 at a height equal to the center of gravity, for connecting the traction mechanism 300. An acceleration sensor 217 and a marker ball 218 are installed on the deck 213 at the bow, stern and center of gravity. The acceleration sensor 217 is a six-degree-of-freedom acceleration sensor 217, and is equipped with corresponding calculation software, which can obtain the six-degree-of-freedom motion acceleration of the hull during the ship model soft grounding experiment; the marker ball 218 is used to cooperate with the three-dimensional motion capture system 500, and the motion trajectory of the marker ball 218 is recorded in real time during the ship model soft grounding process. The hull motion speed and displacement change trajectory during the ship model soft grounding process can be calculated through the supporting software of the three-dimensional motion capture system 500. On the deck 213, several weight-adjusting bases 214 are arranged side by side in a symmetrical manner from the bow to the stern. Two columns are arranged side by side on the weight-adjusting base 214. The draft and buoyancy of the experimental ship model 200 are adjusted by placing a weight-adjusting block 215. There are two holes in the weight-adjusting block 215, which can pass through the columns of the weight-adjusting base 214 and be placed on the weight-adjusting base 214. The bow of the bottom plate 212 of the experimental ship model 200 is a folded edge structure to ensure that the grounding point on the ship model remains unchanged during the entire grounding process, that is, the force point of the grounding force on the ship remains unchanged and is always located at the vertex of the folded edge of the bottom of the ship. The unchanged grounding point greatly simplifies the contact process of the ship model grounding, controls the variable of the grounding point, and is helpful for the subsequent theoretical derivation and numerical simulation calculation of the soft grounding process of the ship.

[0057] The traction mechanism 300 is connected to the experimental ship model 200, and is used to tow the experimental ship model 200 to sail at a certain initial velocity and run aground on the shoal shore-based experimental device 100, thereby simulating the occurrence of a soft grounding accident of a ship. The traction mechanism 300 includes a traction motor and a traction rope 310; pulley guide devices 400 are provided on both sides of the shoal shore-based experimental device 100, and the pulley guide device 400 includes a column and a fixed pulley 410 arranged on the column. The position height of the fixed pulley 410 on the column can be adjusted according to the experimental requirements to ensure that the traction rope 310 horizontally pulls the experimental ship model 200 to move. The traction motor is fixed to the shore at one end of the experimental pool 600, and the traction rope 310 is divided into two strands. One end of the two strands is fixed on the turntable of the traction motor and wound, and the other end passes around the fixed pulleys 410 on both sides of the shoal shore-based experimental device 100 and then merges and is connected to the hook at the bow of the experimental ship model 200. The traction motor is adjusted by the frequency converter to adjust the speed of the traction motor to control the forward speed of the ship model.

[0058] The three-dimensional motion capture system 500 tests the motion state of the experimental ship model 200 during the entire soft grounding process by capturing the motion trajectory of the marker ball 218 .

[0059] Example 2: Method Example

[0060] A ship soft grounding test method is carried out using the above-mentioned ship soft grounding test device. As long as water is filled in the test pool 600 to a suitable water level in advance, the test can be started. The test method includes the following steps:

[0061] S1. After the experimental ship model 200 is hoisted and placed in the experimental water tank 600, the experimental ship model 200 is adjusted to the positive floating design draft by the weight adjustment block 215, and the bow and stern inclination angles of the ship under this working condition are controlled;

[0062] S2. Estimate the height of the center of gravity of the experimental ship model 200, adjust the heights of the bow hook 216 and the fixed pulley 410 accordingly, tie one end of the two traction ropes 310 together and tie them to the bow hook 216, and wrap the other end of the traction rope 310 around the fixed pulley 410 and then wrap it around the motor turntable to ensure that the experimental ship model 200 is sailing in a suitable state when being towed by the traction rope 310;

[0063] S3, placing the set shallow material in the box-type structure 10, adjusting the angle between the box-type structure 10 and the base structure 20 by the lifting mechanism 21, and controlling the flatness of the shallow material in the box-type structure 10 by moving the soil sweeping mechanism 30 along the front-back direction of the box-type structure 10;

[0064] S4, start the traction mechanism 300, pull the experimental ship model 200 to accelerate towards the shoal shore-based experimental device 100, and when the experimental ship model 200 is about to touch the shoal material, disconnect the traction rope 310 in time, so that the experimental ship model 200 sails at a certain initial speed and runs aground on the shoal shore-based experimental device 100, thereby simulating the occurrence of a ship grounding accident;

[0065] S5. During the experiment, the three-dimensional motion capture system 500 and the acceleration sensor 217 are used to record the motion process of the ship model in real time, and the speed change, displacement change trajectory and acceleration change history of the ship model during the stranding process are accurately obtained through post-processing software;

[0066] S6. After the grounding, the compressive deformation of the shoal shore-based experimental device 100 is measured using a three-dimensional scanning system to simulate the deformation of the shoal after the grounding, and the travel distance of the ship model after the grounding is measured. The shoal deformation value and the travel distance value of the ship model will be used in the next step of numerical simulation or theoretical calculation of the shoal to deduce the force on the ship model and calculate the mechanical properties of the shoal.

[0067] By changing the structural form of the experimental ship model 200, the shoal bank slope angle, the collision speed, the experimental water depth and other parameters, and repeating steps S1-S6, the soft grounding experiment of the ship under different working conditions can be carried out, and the different influencing factors affecting the soft grounding of the ship can be summarized and summarized according to the experimental results. It should be noted that after a ship grounding experiment, the telescopic arm 41 at the storage mechanism 40 is controlled to make the storage mechanism 40 rise and rotate, and the shoal material dropped therein is poured back into the box-type structure 10, so as to facilitate the shoal preparation work for the next ship grounding experiment.

[0068] It should be pointed out that, according to the needs of implementation, the various steps / components described in this application can be split into more steps / components, and two or more steps / components or partial operations of steps / components can be combined into new steps / components to achieve the purpose of the present invention.

[0069] The order of execution of each step in the above embodiment does not mean the order of execution. The order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiment of the present application.

[0070] It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make improvements or changes based on the above description, and all these improvements and changes should fall within the scope of protection of the appended claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ship soft grounding experimental device, comprising an experimental water pool; characterized in that: It also includes a shoal shore-based experimental device and an experimental ship model installed in the experimental water pool, and a traction mechanism and a three-dimensional motion capture system installed on the shore of the experimental water pool; The shoal shore-based experimental device comprises a box-type structure, a base structure and a soil sweeping mechanism; the box-type structure is used to hold shoal materials, and its upper surface and front end surface are provided with openings; the base structure is arranged below the box-type structure and fixed to the bottom of the experimental pool, the front end of the base structure is rotatably connected to the front end bottom of the box-type structure, a lifting mechanism is installed at the middle and rear of the base structure, the upper end of the lifting mechanism is connected to the bottom of the box-type structure, and the angle between the box-type structure and the base structure is adjusted by the lifting mechanism; the soil sweeping mechanism is installed above the box-type structure and can move along the front and rear directions of the box-type structure, and is used to control the flatness of the shoal materials in the box-type structure; Acceleration sensors and marking balls are installed on the deck of the experimental ship model at the bow, stern and center of gravity. The traction mechanism is connected to the experimental ship model and is used to tow the experimental ship model to sail at a certain initial speed and run aground on a shallow shore-based experimental device, thereby simulating the occurrence of a soft grounding accident of a ship; The three-dimensional motion capture system tests the motion state of the experimental ship model during the entire soft stranding process by capturing the motion trajectory of the marker ball.

2. The ship soft grounding experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil sweeping mechanism includes a soil sweeping frame, and roller base plates are fixedly installed on the left and right sides of the soil sweeping frame, and a plurality of rollers are installed at the bottom of the roller base plates. Guide rails arranged along the front and rear directions are installed above the left and right enclosures of the box-type structure, and the rollers are adapted to be installed on the guide rails. A scraper plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the soil sweeping frame in a detachable manner.

3. The ship soft grounding experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shoal shore-based experimental device also includes a storage mechanism, which is rotatably installed in front of the box-type structure and is used to recover the shoal materials dropped therein after the ship grounding experiment into the box-type structure.

4. The ship soft grounding experimental device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The storage mechanism comprises a storage plate, and the left and right sides of the storage plate are respectively connected to the left and right side panels of the box-type structure through telescopic arms, and the angle of the storage mechanism relative to the box-type structure is controlled by the extension and retraction of the telescopic arms.

5. The ship soft grounding experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Lifting ears are also installed on the left and right side panels of the box-type structure.

6. The ship soft grounding experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shoal material is one or more combinations of silt, sand, gravel, and rock, and the particle properties and particle size are selected according to experimental conditions.

7. The ship soft grounding experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the deck of the experimental ship model, several weight-adjusting bases are arranged side by side in symmetry from the bow to the stern, and two columns are arranged side by side on the weight-adjusting base. The draft and buoyancy of the experimental ship model are adjusted by placing weight-adjusting blocks. The weight-adjusting block has two holes arranged side by side, which can pass through the columns of the weight-adjusting base and be placed on the weight-adjusting base.

8. The ship soft grounding experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bow of the bottom plate of the experimental ship model is a folded edge structure, which ensures that the grounding point on the ship model remains unchanged during the entire grounding process, that is, the force point of the grounding force on the ship remains unchanged and is always located at the apex of the folded edge of the bottom.

9. The ship soft grounding experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traction mechanism includes a traction motor and a traction rope; pulley guide devices are provided on both sides of the shallow shore-based experimental device, and the pulley guide devices include columns and fixed pulleys arranged on the columns; the traction motor is fixed to the shore at one end of the experimental water pool, and the traction rope is divided into two strands, one end of the two strands is fixed on the turntable of the traction motor and wound around, and the other ends are respectively passed around the fixed pulleys on both sides of the shallow shore-based experimental device and then merged and connected to the hook at the bow of the experimental ship model. The speed of the traction motor is adjusted by a frequency converter to control the forward speed of the ship model.

10. A ship soft grounding test method, characterized in that: The ship soft grounding experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: S1. After hoisting the experimental ship model and placing it in the experimental water tank, adjust the experimental ship model to the positive floating design draft, and control the bow and stern inclination angle of the ship under this working condition; S2. Connect the experimental ship model to the traction mechanism to ensure that the experimental ship model is towed and sailed in the designed state; S3. Place the set shallow material in the box structure, adjust the angle between the box structure and the base structure through the lifting mechanism, and control the flatness of the shallow material in the box structure by moving the sweeping mechanism along the front and rear direction of the box structure; S4, start the traction mechanism, pull the experimental ship model to accelerate towards the shoal shore-based experimental device, and when the experimental ship model is about to touch the shoal material, disconnect the traction rope in time, so that the experimental ship model sails at a certain initial speed and runs aground on the shoal shore-based experimental device, thereby simulating the occurrence of a ship grounding accident; S5. During the experiment, a three-dimensional motion capture system and an acceleration sensor were used to record the motion process of the ship model in real time, and the speed change, displacement change trajectory and acceleration change history of the ship model during the stranding process were accurately obtained through post-processing software; S6. After the grounding, the compressive deformation of the shoal shore-based experimental device was measured using a three-dimensional scanning system to simulate the deformation of the shoal after the grounding, and to measure the travel distance of the ship model after the grounding.

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