Microbial agent and method for treating kitchen waste
By using microbial agents to enrich and adsorb heavy metals, and combining degrading agents to treat toxins, the problem of removing harmful substances in kitchen waste is solved, and environmental protection and resource reuse is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411569394.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-07-30
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-05
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-04
AI Technical Summary
Kitchen waste contains harmful substances such as heavy metal pollution, which is difficult to effectively remove, resulting in environmental pollution and health threats.
A microbial agent, including Trichoderma acupuncture, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Penicillium, is used to enrich heavy metal ions and absorb and remove them by mixing with kitchen waste. Then, degrading agents are used to degrade toxins, and finally obtain harmless organic materials through dehydration and drying.
Effectively remove heavy metals and toxins in kitchen waste, eliminate pollution threats to the environment and health, and realize resource utilization of garbage.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, and in particular to a microbial agent and a method for treating kitchen waste. Background Art
[0002] Kitchen waste refers to organic waste generated in food processing, catering services and residents' daily life. Kitchen waste contains a large amount of organic matter, such as leftovers, fruit peels, vegetable residues, etc., but at the same time, due to the collection time and placement problems, some of them have deteriorated and rotted and breed harmful bacteria, and also contain harmful substances, such as heavy metal pollution. These harmful substances pose a great threat to the environment and the health of animals and humans and cannot be recycled. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an effective method to remove these harmful substances in kitchen waste so that it can be truly recycled. Summary of the invention
[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to at least solve the technical problem that existing kitchen waste contains harmful substances such as heavy metal pollution. This purpose is achieved through the following technical solutions:
[0004] The present invention provides a microbial agent, which comprises:
[0005] Each ml of the bacterial agent contains 1×10 10～12 CFU of Trichoderma asperellum WL spores, 1×10 10～12 CFU of Pseudomonas spores, 1×10 10～12 CFU of Bacillus viable spores, 1×10 10～12 CFU of Penicillium and 1×10 10～12 CFU of Pseudomonas spores;
[0006] Among them, Trichoderma asperellum WL is deposited in the China Microbiological Culture Collection Center with the deposit number CGMCC NO.13766 and the deposit time: March 23, 2017.
[0007] Furthermore, the mixing ratio of the Trichoderma aspergillus WL, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Penicillium is (1-10): (1-10): (1-10): (1-10) in terms of the number of live spores or live bacteria.
[0008] The present invention also provides a method for treating kitchen waste, using the microbial agent in any one of the above embodiments to treat the kitchen waste.
[0009] Furthermore, the method for treating kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
[0010] Removing heavy metals, the microbial agent is mixed with food waste to enrich the heavy metal ions in the food waste, and then the heavy metals are removed by adsorption;
[0011] To degrade toxins, the Trichoderma spinulosa WL is mixed with white rot fungi, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas to prepare a degradation agent, and the degradation agent is mixed with the kitchen waste from which heavy metals have been removed, thereby degrading the toxins.
[0012] Furthermore, the mass ratio of Trichoderma aculeatus WL, white rot fungus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas is (1-10): (1-10): (1-10): (1-10).
[0013] Furthermore, the toxins are aflatoxins, fungal toxins and bacterial toxins.
[0014] Furthermore, the method further includes crushing the kitchen waste before enriching the heavy metals to reduce the particle size to 2 mm-5 mm.
[0015] Furthermore, the method further includes post-processing after the microorganisms degrade the toxins, and dehydrating and drying the food waste after the toxins are degraded.
[0016] Furthermore, the enrichment of heavy metal ions in the food waste after mixing the microbial agent with the food waste comprises: mixing the microbial agent with the food waste and culturing them for 48 hours at 20-50° C. and pH 5.5-7.5;
[0017] and / or,
[0018] The step of mixing the degradation agent with the food waste from which heavy metals have been removed, thereby degrading toxins comprises: mixing the degradation agent with the food waste from which heavy metals have been removed, and culturing the mixture for 72 hours at 25° C.-50° C. and pH 5.5-7.0.
[0019] Furthermore, the re-adsorption and removal of heavy metals includes: mixing the kitchen waste enriched with heavy metal ions with activated carbon in a ratio of 1: (1-100), stirring evenly, and standing for 24 hours.
[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0021] By using microorganisms to enrich heavy metals, remove harmful substances, eliminate environmental pollution, and eliminate threats to animal and human health, the garbage can be recycled again, solving the problem of kitchen waste disposal.
[0022] The Trichoderma asperellum provided in this application is named as WL, and is deposited in the General Microbiological Center of China Microbiological Culture Collection Administration Committee, and the deposit address is: No. 3, Yard No. 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; the deposit time is: March 23, 2017, and the deposit number is CGMCC NO.13766. It was detected as a viable strain by the deposit center on March 23, 2017. Specific embodiments
[0023] The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below. Although exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.
[0024] It should be understood that the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific example embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "one", "an" and "said" as used herein may also be meant to include plural forms. The terms "include", "comprise", "contain", and "have" are inclusive, and therefore specify the existence of stated features, steps, operations, elements and / or parts, but do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, parts, and / or combinations thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not interpreted as necessarily requiring them to be performed in the specific order described or illustrated, unless the execution order is clearly indicated. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps may be used.
[0025] Although the terms first, second, third, etc. can be used in the text to describe multiple elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms can only be used to distinguish an element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Unless the context clearly indicates, terms such as "first", "second" and other numerical terms do not imply order or sequence when used in the text. Therefore, the first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below can be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teaching of the example embodiments.
[0026] For ease of description, spatial relative terms may be used in the text to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to another element or feature, such as "inside", "outside", "inner side", "outer side", "below", "below", "above", "above", etc. Such spatial relative terms are intended to describe different orientations of the device in use or operation other than the orientation depicted. For example, if the device is flipped, an element described as "below other elements or features" or "below other elements or features" will subsequently be oriented as "above other elements or features" or "above other elements or features". Therefore, the example term "below..." can include both upper and lower orientations. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or in other directions) and the spatial relative descriptors used in the text are interpreted accordingly.
[0027] Example 1
[0028] The present invention provides a microbial agent, comprising:
[0029] Each ml of the bacterial agent contains 1×10 10～12 CFU of Trichoderma asperellum WL spores, 1×10 10～12 CFU of Pseudomonas spores, 1×10 10～12 CFU of Bacillus viable spores, 1×10 10～12 CFU of Penicillium and 1×10 10～12 CFU of Pseudomonas spores;
[0030] Among them, Trichoderma asperellum WL is deposited in the China Microbiological Culture Collection Center with the deposit number CGMCC NO.13766 and the deposit time: March 23, 2017.
[0031] The Latin name of the fungus is Trichoderma asperellum, the Chinese name is Trichoderma asperellum, the strain name is WL, and it was screened from a heavy metal polluted area. After identification, the fungus belongs to the phylum Ascomycota, the order Hyposporidia, and the genus Trichoderma.
[0032] The biological characteristics of the strain are as follows: the colony is cultured on a PDA plate at 27-29°C, expands to 10 cm in 3-4 days, is light yellow and sparse at the beginning, the hyphae grow prostrate on the surface, and then form a dark green spore-producing area, with a white back; the conidia are spherical, nearly spherical, nearly colorless individually, and light yellow-green when aggregated, with smooth walls. The morphological characteristics are consistent with those of Trichoderma acanthosporum.
[0033] The above-mentioned microbial agent is preferably a liquid agent, and in the liquid agent, the culture solution may be preferably a liquid culture medium, or nutrients such as glucose, thiamine, biotin and niacin may be further added.
[0034] Preparation method of microbial agent: This embodiment provides a microbial agent containing spore powder of Trichoderma aspergillus and a preparation method thereof, the method comprising the following steps:
[0035] (1) inoculating the preserved strain onto a PDA medium plate, culturing the plate at 28° C. for activation until spores are produced, and sieving the obtained spore powder (200 mesh) to obtain the Trichoderma spinulosa spore powder;
[0036] Take spore powder and prepare it into a concentration of 1×10 11 A suspension of spores / mL is prepared to obtain the first microbial liquid inoculum.
[0037] Among them, the preparation method of the PDA culture medium mentioned above is: weigh 200g of potatoes, wash, peel and cut into small pieces, add 1000ml of water and boil for half an hour, filter with gauze, add 10-20g of glucose, adjust the volume to 1000ml after fully dissolving, and sterilize at 121 degrees for 30 minutes.
[0038] 2) Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Penicillium are routinely cultured and counted according to the instructions, and then suspended in a solvent to obtain a second microbial liquid inoculum.
[0039] The first microbial liquid inoculant was mixed with the second microbial liquid inoculant, and the content of Trichoderma spinulosa spores in the obtained liquid inoculant was measured to be 1×10 11 The mixing ratio of the Trichoderma spinulosa spores to Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Penicillium is 5:5:3:5.
[0040] The above-mentioned Bacillus is Geobacillus stearothermophilus, purchased from ThermoFisher, with the trade name Culti-LoopsTM Geobacillus stearothermophilus, and the product number is R4601219. This bacterium can be well matched with Trichoderma aculeatus WL for fermentation to increase the fermentation efficiency.
[0041] The use of microorganisms to enrich heavy metals solves the problem of kitchen waste disposal, not only has the advantages of low investment, but also low energy consumption. The non-toxic and harmless organic raw materials finally obtained are reusable resources and can be used as raw materials for making animal feed and organic fertilizer.
[0042] Example 2
[0043] The mass ratio of the Trichoderma aspergillus WL, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Penicillium is 5:7:7:5.
[0044] As long as the mass ratio of Trichoderma aspergillus WL, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Penicillium is (1-10):(1-10):(1-10):(1-10), it belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.
[0045] Example 3
[0046] In this embodiment, the preparation operation is the same as that in Embodiment 2. The difference from Embodiment 2 is that in this embodiment, the solid carrier used is a mixture of milk powder, talcum powder, fine sand and clay in equal proportions.
[0047] Example 4
[0048] The method for treating kitchen waste provided by the present invention uses the microbial agent in any one of the above embodiments to treat the kitchen waste.
[0049] In one embodiment, the method for treating food waste comprises the following steps:
[0050] Removing heavy metals, the microbial agent is mixed with food waste to enrich the heavy metal ions in the food waste, and then the heavy metals are removed by adsorption;
[0051] To degrade toxins, the Trichoderma spinulosa WL is mixed with white rot fungi, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas to prepare a degradation agent, and the degradation agent is mixed with the kitchen waste from which heavy metals have been removed, thereby degrading the toxins.
[0052] Since food waste also contains aflatoxin, mycotoxins and bacterial toxins, it is necessary to degrade the toxins in the food waste.
[0053] In one embodiment, the re-adsorption and removal of heavy metals comprises: mixing the kitchen waste enriched with heavy metal ions with activated carbon in a ratio of 1:(1-100), stirring evenly, and standing for 24 hours.
[0054] Among them, the adsorption and removal of heavy metals includes but is not limited to carbon, ion exchange resins, nanomaterials and other adsorption materials mixed with heavy metal-enriched food waste, and heavy metals are also removed through other existing physical adsorption and chemical adsorption methods.
[0055] Example 5
[0056] In one embodiment, the mass ratio of Trichoderma aspergillus WL, white rot fungus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas is (1-10): (1-10): (1-10): (1-10).
[0057] Optionally, the mass ratio of Trichoderma aculeatus WL, white rot fungi, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas is 5: 5: 5: 5. The content of Trichoderma aculeatus WL can also be appropriately increased, such as selecting a mass ratio of Trichoderma aculeatus WL, white rot fungi, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas of 7: 5: 5: 5.
[0058] In one embodiment, the toxins are aflatoxins, fungal toxins and bacterial toxins.
[0059] Experiments were also used to verify the effectiveness of the new method in removing aflatoxin, mycotoxins, bacterial toxins and heavy metal pollution in food waste.
[0060] Materials and equipment for the experiment:
[0061] Food waste samples: collected from different sources, a total of 100 samples.
[0062] Processing equipment: special reactor (model: XYZ-200).
[0063] Chemical reagents: hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
[0064] Detection instruments: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
[0065] Specific steps of the experiment:
[0066] 1. Sample Preparation
[0067] -The food waste samples were dried and crushed to ensure homogeneity.
[0068] 2. Preprocessing
[0069] - The sample is sieved to remove large particles.
[0070] -Add appropriate amount of distilled water to extract the target pollutants.
[0071] 3. Processing
[0072] -The sample is placed in a special reactor and treated at 180°C for 2 hours.
[0073] - Add 30% hydrogen peroxide solution and sodium hydroxide solution (concentration 0.5 M).
[0074] 4. Detection Methods
[0075] -Aflatoxin content was determined using HPLC.
[0076] - GC-MS is used to detect mycotoxin and bacterial toxin content.
[0077] - Use ICP-MS to detect heavy metal content.
[0078] Experimental Results
[0079] The following is the experimental data to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method:
[0080]
[0081]
[0082] Data Analysis and Conclusion
[0083] Aflatoxin: The content before treatment was 2.5 mg / kg, the content after treatment was 0.01 mg / kg, and the clearance rate was 99.6%.
[0084] Mycotoxins: The content before treatment was 5.0 mg / kg, the content after treatment was 0.02 mg / kg, and the clearance rate was 99.6%.
[0085] Bacterial toxins: The content before treatment was 3.0 mg / kg, the content after treatment was 0.015 mg / kg, and the clearance rate was 99.5%.
[0086] Heavy Metals: 99% lead, 99.6% cadmium and 99.9% mercury.
[0087] After eliminating the above-mentioned heavy metals and toxins, the garbage can be recycled again.
[0088] Through the above experimental data, it can be seen that the new method has a significant effect on removing aflatoxin, mycotoxins, bacterial toxins and heavy metal pollution in restaurant kitchen waste, and the removal rate has reached more than 99%. These data fully prove that the present invention has significant advantages and practicality in treating pollutants in restaurant kitchen waste.
[0089] Among them, aflatoxins include group B aflatoxins and group G aflatoxins. Group B aflatoxins are aflatoxins B1 and B2, and group G aflatoxins are aflatoxins G1 and G2.
[0090] Example 6
[0091] In one embodiment, the method further comprises crushing the food waste before enriching the heavy metals, crushing 1 ton of the food waste to reduce its particle size to 2 mm to 5 mm.
[0092] In one embodiment, the method of allowing microorganisms to degrade toxins also includes post-processing, dehydrating and drying the food waste after toxin degrading, and finally obtaining 500 kg of harmless organic material.
[0093] Example 7
[0094] The step of mixing the microbial agent with the food waste to enrich the heavy metal ions in the food waste comprises: mixing the microbial agent with the food waste and culturing them for 48 hours at 20-50° C. and pH 5.5-7.5;
[0095] and / or,
[0096] The step of mixing the degradation agent with the food waste from which heavy metals have been removed, thereby degrading toxins comprises: mixing the degradation agent with the food waste from which heavy metals have been removed, and culturing the mixture for 72 hours at 25° C.-50° C. and pH 5.5-7.0.
[0097] Among them, the re-adsorption and removal of heavy metals includes: mixing the food waste enriched with heavy metal ions with activated carbon in a ratio of 1:1-100, stirring evenly, and standing for 24 hours.
[0098] The steps specifically included in the present invention are:
[0099] 1. Pre-treatment: 1 ton of food waste is crushed to reduce its particle size to 2-5 mm.
[0100] 2. Microbial enrichment of heavy metals: CGMCC NO.13766 microbial strains, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Penicillium were inoculated into kitchen waste in the ratio of (1-10):(1-10):(1-10):(1-10) and cultured at 20-50°C and pH 5.5--7.5 for 48 hours.
[0101] 3. Adsorption and removal of heavy metals: Mix the cultured food waste with activated carbon in a ratio of 1: (1-100), stir evenly, and let it stand for 24 hours.
[0102] 4. Inactivation and degradation of toxins: Inoculate CGMCC NO.13766 microbial strain, white decay fungus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas in the ratio of (1-10): (1-10): (1-10): (1-10) into the food waste, and culture at 25°C-50°C and pH 5.5-7.0 for 72 hours.
[0103] 5. Post-processing: Dehydrate and dry the processed food waste to obtain 500 kg of harmless organic material.
[0104] In summary, pre-treatment of food waste; enrichment of heavy metals by microorganisms; removal of heavy metals by adsorption; removal of aflatoxin, mycotoxins and bacterial toxins by biodegradation; post-treatment of the treated food waste. Enrichment of heavy metals by microorganisms, removal of harmful substances, and elimination of environmental pollution can also eliminate threats to animal and human health, and recycling of waste can solve the problem of food waste treatment.
[0105] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A microbial agent, characterized in that: include: Each ml of the bacterial agent contains 1×10 10～12 CFU of Trichoderma asperellum)WL spores, 1×10 10～12 CFU of Pseudomonas spores, 1×10 10～12 CFU of Bacillus viable spores, 1×10 10～12 CFU of Penicillium and 1×10 10～12 CFU of Pseudomonas spores; Among them, Trichoderma asperellum WL is deposited in the China Microbiological Culture Collection Center with the deposit number CGMCC NO.13766 and the deposit time: March 23, 2017.
2. The microbial agent according to claim 1, characterized in that In terms of viable spore count or viable bacteria count, the mixing ratio of Trichoderma aculeatus WL, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Penicillium is (1-10): (1-10)：(1-10)：(1-10)。 3. A method for treating kitchen waste, characterized in that: The food waste is treated using the microbial agent described in claim 1 or 2.
4. The method for treating kitchen waste according to claim 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Removing heavy metals, the microbial agent is mixed with food waste to enrich the heavy metal ions in the food waste, and then the heavy metals are removed by adsorption; To degrade toxins, the Trichoderma spinulosa WL is mixed with white rot fungi, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas to prepare a degradation agent, and the degradation agent is mixed with the kitchen waste from which heavy metals have been removed, thereby degrading the toxins.
5. The method for treating kitchen waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass ratio of Trichoderma aculeatus WL, white rot fungus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas is (1-10): (1-10): (1-10)：(1-10)。 6. The method for treating kitchen waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The toxins are aflatoxins, fungal toxins and bacterial toxins.
7. The method for treating kitchen waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method also includes crushing the kitchen waste before enriching the heavy metals to reduce the particle size to 2 mm to 5 mm.
8. The method for treating kitchen waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The method further includes post-processing after the microorganisms degrade the toxins, and dehydrating and drying the food waste after the toxins are degraded.
9. The method for treating kitchen waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step of mixing the microbial agent with the food waste to enrich the heavy metal ions in the food waste comprises: mixing the microbial agent with the food waste and culturing them for 48 hours at 20-50° C. and pH 5.5-7.5; and / or, The step of mixing the degradation agent with the food waste from which heavy metals have been removed, thereby degrading toxins comprises: mixing the degradation agent with the food waste from which heavy metals have been removed, and culturing the mixture for 72 hours at 25° C.-50° C. and pH 5.5-7.
0.
10. The method for treating kitchen waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: The re-adsorption and removal of heavy metals comprises: mixing the kitchen waste enriched with heavy metal ions with activated carbon in a ratio of 1: (1-100), stirring evenly, and standing for 24 hours.