Application of GSDMD in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer

Abstract

The invention discloses an application of GSDMD in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. According to the present invention, the high expression of the GSDMD in the pancreatic cancer tumor is found by analyzing the online data platform, and the verification is further performed by collecting the real clinical sample, such that the GSDMD can be adopted as the pancreatic cancer diagnosis marker, and has the high diagnosis efficiency, such that the new direction is provided for the diagnosis and the subsequent treatment of the pancreatic cancer, and the application prospect is broad. The method has a wide application prospect clinically.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of biomedicine, and in particular relates to the application of GSDMD in diagnosing pancreatic cancer. Background Art

[0002] Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant digestive system tumor. Early detection and surgical resection are the only way to cure pancreatic cancer. According to the 2018 global tumor epidemiology data, pancreatic cancer accounts for 2.7% of all tumors, ranking 9th. At present, the 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer is only about 5%. The main reason is that pancreatic cancer is difficult to diagnose early, and most of them are in the late stage when they are diagnosed. The 5-year survival rate of patients with stage I or early pancreatic cancer with a tumor diameter of less than 1 cm can reach 75%. Therefore, only by achieving early screening of such patients can the goal of improving the survival rate of pancreatic cancer be achieved.

[0003] Traditional pancreatic cancer screening methods mainly include imaging screening (color Doppler ultrasound, CT, MRI, etc.) and blood tumor markers (mainly carbohydrate antigen CA199 examination). If color Doppler ultrasound and CT detect pancreatic masses, or the tumor indicator CA199 is significantly elevated, the possibility of pancreatic cancer is considered. However, the types of markers that can diagnose pancreatic cancer are still limited, and their effectiveness in tumor detection needs to be improved.

[0004] Therefore, discovering new diagnostic markers for pancreatic cancer through screening and intervening as early as possible are crucial for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a new diagnostic marker for pancreatic cancer, specifically, to provide the use of GSDMD in diagnosing pancreatic cancer.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A first aspect of the present invention provides use of a reagent for detecting the expression level of GSDMD in a sample in the preparation of a product for diagnosing pancreatic cancer.

[0007] In the present invention, the GSDMD includes wild type, mutant or fragments thereof. The term encompasses full-length, unprocessed GSDMD, as well as any form of GSDMD derived from processing in cells, and variants of GSDMD (e.g., splice variants or allelic variants). The term encompasses, for example, human GSDMD and GSDMD from any other vertebrate source, including mammals, such as primates and rodents (e.g., mice and rats).

[0008] In the present invention, diagnosis, diagnostic, diagnosing and variations of these terms refer to the discovery, judgment or cognition of the health status or condition of an individual based on one or more signs, symptoms, data or other information related to the individual. The health status of an individual can be diagnosed as healthy / normal (i.e., the absence of a disease or illness), or can be diagnosed as unhealthy / abnormal (i.e., the presence of a disease or illness). Diagnosis, diagnostic, diagnosing, etc. include early detection of a disease in relation to a specific disease or illness; the characteristics or classification of a disease; the discovery of the progression, cure or recurrence of a disease; and the discovery of the response to a disease after treatment or treatment of an individual.

[0009] In the present invention, the expression level or level refers to the absolute amount or relative amount of GSDMD in the present invention. The expression level of GSDMD in the present invention can be determined by a variety of techniques, in particular, the absolute amount or relative amount of GSDMD in the present invention can be detected by using methods well known to those skilled in the art.

[0010] Furthermore, the sample includes blood or tissue.

[0011] In the present invention, the term "biological sample" or "sample" generally refers to a sample obtained or derived from a biological source of interest (e.g., tissue or organism or cell culture). In some embodiments, the organism as the sample source is an animal or a human, preferably a human. In some embodiments, the sample is or includes a biological tissue or fluid. In some embodiments, the biological sample can be or includes cells, tissues, or body fluids. In some embodiments, the biological sample can be or includes blood, blood cells, cell-free DNA, free floating nucleic acids, ascites, biopsy samples, surgical samples, cell-containing body fluids, sputum, saliva, feces, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, peritoneal fluid, pleural fluid, lymph, gynecological fluid, secretions, excreta, skin swabs, vaginal swabs, oral swabs, nasal swabs, washings such as catheter washings or bronchoalveolar washings, aspirates, scrapings, etc. In some embodiments, the biological sample is or includes cells obtained from a single subject or from multiple subjects. The sample can be a "primary sample" obtained directly from a biological source, or can be a "processed sample".

[0012] Furthermore, the reagents include reagents for detecting the expression level of GSDMD mRNA and / or the expression level of GSDMD protein.

[0013] Preferably, the reagent includes a probe that specifically recognizes GSDMD, a primer that specifically amplifies GSDMD, or a binding agent that specifically binds to a protein encoded by the GSDMD gene.

[0014] In some embodiments, the probe that specifically recognizes GSDMD can be DNA, RNA, DNA-RNA chimera, PNA or other derivatives. The length of the probe is not limited, as long as it can achieve specific hybridization and specific binding to the target nucleotide sequence, any length is acceptable. The length of the probe can be as short as 25, 20, 15, 13 or 10 bases. Similarly, the length of the probe can be as long as 60, 80, 100, 150, 300 bases or longer, or even the entire gene.

[0015] In some embodiments, primer refers to a short nucleic acid molecule, such as a DNA oligonucleotide, which can anneal with a complementary target nucleic acid molecule by nucleic acid hybridization to form a hybrid between the primer and the target nucleic acid chain. The primer can be extended along the target nucleic acid molecule by a polymerase. Therefore, the primer can be used to amplify the target nucleic acid molecule, wherein the sequence of the primer is specific for the target nucleic acid molecule, such as the primer will hybridize with the target nucleic acid molecule under very high stringency hybridization conditions.

[0016] Primer or probe of the present invention can use phosphoramidite solid phase support method or other well-known method chemical synthesis.Also can use many means known in the art to modify.The limiting examples of these modifications include methylation, capping, displacement and modification between nucleotides with one or more analogs of natural nucleotides, for example, modification of uncharged linker (for example, methyl phosphate, phosphotriester, phosphoramidite, carbamate etc.), or modification of charged linker (for example, phosphorothioate, phosphorodithioate etc.).

[0017] Furthermore, the reagents for detecting the expression of GSDMD mRNA include reagents used in the following methods: PCR-based detection methods, Southern hybridization, Northern hybridization, dot hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, DNA microarray, ASO method, and high-throughput sequencing platform.

[0018] Furthermore, the reagents for detecting the expression amount of GSDMD protein include reagents used in the following methods: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, radioimmunoassay, sandwich assay, protein blotting, flow cytometry, fluorescence-assisted cell sorting, enzyme substrate colorimetric assay and antigen-antibody aggregation, mass spectrometry, immunohistochemical staining, immunoprecipitation analysis, complement fixation analysis, flow cytometry fluorescence separation technology and protein chip.

[0019] In some embodiments, the quantitative detection method based on PCR includes the step of reverse transcribing mRNA into cDNA and / or the step of measuring the content of cDNA. Preferably, the method for measuring the content of cDNA includes but is not limited to PCR, NASBA, RPA, SDA, LAMP, HAD, NEAR, MDA, RCA, LCR, RAM.

[0020] The term "primer" refers to an oligonucleotide that hybridizes to a sequence in a target nucleic acid (a "primer binding site") and is capable of serving as a point of initiation of synthesis along a complementary strand of nucleic acid under conditions suitable for such synthesis.

[0021] The term "probe" refers to a molecule that can bind to a specific sequence or subsequence or other part of another molecule. Unless otherwise indicated, the term "probe" generally refers to a polynucleotide probe that can bind to another polynucleotide (often referred to as a "target polynucleotide") through complementary base pairing. Depending on the stringency of the hybridization conditions, the probe can bind to a target polynucleotide that lacks complete sequence complementarity with the probe. The probe can be labeled directly or indirectly. Hybridization methods include, but are not limited to: solution phase, solid phase, mixed phase or in situ hybridization assays.

[0022] In one embodiment of the present invention, the reagent further comprises a detectable label.

[0023] In one embodiment of the present invention, detectable label refers to the composition that can produce the detectable signal indicating the presence of target polynucleotide in the assay sample. Suitable labeling includes but is not limited to radioisotopes, nucleotide chromophores, enzymes, substrates, fluorescent molecules, chemiluminescent moieties, magnetic particles, bioluminescent moieties. Therefore, labeling is any composition that can be detected by a device or method, including but not limited to spectroscopy, photochemistry, biochemistry, immunochemistry, electricity, optics, chemical detection devices or any other suitable devices. In some embodiments, labeling can be detected visually without the aid of a device. Labeling is used to refer to any chemical group or part with detectable physical properties or can cause chemical groups or parts to show any compound of detectable physical properties, such as catalytic substrate conversion into an enzyme that can detect products. Labeling also encompasses compounds that suppress the performance of specific physical properties. Labeling can also be a compound as a member of a binding pair, and another member thereof has a detectable physical property.

[0024] Among them, radioactive isotopes include but are not limited to 3 H. 14 C. 35 S. 125 I. 131 I. Enzymes include, but are not limited to, horseradish peroxidase, β-galactosidase, luciferase, alkaline phosphatase, and acetylcholinesterase. Fluorescent molecules include, but are not limited to, FITC, rhodamine, and lanthanide phosphors.

[0025] Furthermore, the product includes a chip, a test paper, a test kit or a nucleic acid membrane strip.

[0026] Preferably, the chip includes a gene chip or a protein chip.

[0027] Preferably, the test paper comprises a test paper carrier and an oligonucleotide immobilized on the test paper carrier, and the oligonucleotide can detect the transcription level of GSDMD.

[0028] Preferably, the kit comprises a qPCR kit, an immunoblotting detection kit, an immunochromatography detection kit, a flow cytometry analysis kit, an immunohistochemistry detection kit, an ELISA kit and an electrochemiluminescence detection kit.

[0029] Furthermore, the kit includes one or more substances of the following group: a container, instructions for use, a positive control substance, a negative control substance, a buffer, an auxiliary agent or a solvent.

[0030] In some embodiments, the chip is also referred to as an array, which refers to a solid support comprising a connected nucleic acid or peptide probe. The array typically comprises a plurality of different nucleic acid or peptide probes connected to the substrate surface according to different known positions. These arrays, also referred to as "microarrays", can typically be produced using mechanical synthesis methods or light-guided synthesis methods that incorporate a combination of photolithography and solid phase synthesis methods. The array can comprise a flat surface, or can be a nucleic acid or peptide on a bead, gel, polymer surface, fiber such as an optical fiber, glass, or any other suitable substrate. The array can be packaged in a certain manner to allow for diagnosis of a fully functional device or manipulation of other methods.

[0031] The term "microarray" is an orderly arrangement of hybridization array elements such as polynucleotide probes (e.g., oligonucleotides) or binding agents (e.g., antibodies) on a substrate. The substrate can be a solid substrate, for example, a glass or silica slide, a bead, a fiber optic binder, or a semi-solid substrate, such as a nitrocellulose membrane. The nucleotide sequence can be DNA, RNA, or any arrangement thereof.

[0032] In some embodiments, the gene chip includes a solid phase carrier and a probe fixed on the solid phase carrier, wherein the probe includes an oligonucleotide probe for the GSDMD gene for detecting the transcription level of the GSDMD gene; the protein chip includes a solid phase carrier and a specific antibody for the GSDMD protein fixed on the solid phase carrier; the gene chip can be used to detect the expression levels of multiple genes including the human GSDMD gene (for example, multiple genes related to pancreatic cancer). The protein chip can be used to detect the expression levels of multiple proteins including the human GSDMD protein (for example, multiple proteins related to pancreatic cancer). By detecting multiple markers related to pancreatic cancer simultaneously, the accuracy of diagnosing pancreatic cancer can be greatly improved.

[0033] In some embodiments, the kit also includes a buffer, a preservative; the kit may also include necessary components for detecting detectable agents; the kit may also contain a control sample or a series of control samples, which can be measured and compared with the test samples contained therein; further, other components of the kit include but are not limited to: tools for collecting biological samples, tools for labeling detection agents (binders).

[0034] In some embodiments, the components of the test kit can be packaged in the form of an aqueous medium or in a lyophilized form. Suitable containers in the test kit usually include at least a vial, test tube, flask, PET bottle, syringe or other container, in which a component can be placed, and preferably, can be appropriately divided. When there is more than one component in the test kit, the test kit will usually also include a second, third or other additional container, in which additional components are placed separately. However, the components of different combinations can be contained in a vial. The test kit of the present invention will also usually include a container for accommodating reactants, sealed for commercial sale. This container can include a plastic container of injection molding or blow molding, in which the required vial can be retained.

[0035] The solid support of the kit can be, for example, plastic, silicon wafer, metal, resin, glass, membrane, particle, precipitate, gel, polymer, sheet, ball, polysaccharide, capillary, film, plate or slide. The biological sample can be, for example, cell culture, cell line, tissue, oral tissue, gastrointestinal tissue, organ, organelle, biological fluid, serum sample, urine sample or skin.

[0036] In some embodiments, the nucleic acid film strip includes a substrate and a probe fixed on the substrate; the substrate can be any substrate suitable for fixing the probe, including but not limited to nylon membrane, nitrocellulose membrane, polypropylene membrane, glass sheet, silica gel wafer, micro-magnetic beads.

[0037] A second aspect of the present invention provides a product for diagnosing pancreatic cancer.

[0038] Furthermore, the product includes a reagent for detecting the expression level of GSDMD.

[0039] A third aspect of the present invention provides a method for screening candidate drugs for treating pancreatic cancer.

[0040] Furthermore, the method comprises: treating a culture system expressing or containing the GSDMD gene or a protein encoded by it with a substance to be screened; and detecting the expression or activity of the GSDMD gene or a protein encoded by it in the system; wherein, when the substance to be screened inhibits the expression level or activity of the GSDMD gene or a protein encoded by it, the substance to be screened is a candidate drug for treating pancreatic cancer.

[0041] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a system for diagnosing pancreatic cancer.

[0042] Further, the system comprises: Acquisition unit: used to obtain the expression level of GSDMD in the sample; Processing unit: used to obtain a result of diagnosing pancreatic cancer according to the expression level of GSDMD.

[0043] Furthermore, if the expression level of GSDMD is significantly upregulated, pancreatic cancer is diagnosed.

[0044] Furthermore, the sample includes blood or tissue.

[0045] In some embodiments, the implementation of the system may include performing or completing the selected tasks manually, automatically, or in combination thereof. Moreover, actual instruments and devices according to embodiments of the system of the present invention may implement multiple selected tasks using an operating system by hardware, by software, or by firmware, or by a combination thereof.

[0046] For example, the hardware for performing the selected task can be a chip or a circuit. As software, the selected task can be implemented as a plurality of software instructions executed by a computer using any suitable operating system. In the present invention, one or more tasks according to the exemplary embodiments of the method and / or system as described in the present invention can be performed by a processing unit, such as a computing platform for executing a plurality of instructions. Optionally, the processing unit includes a volatile memory for storing instructions and / or data, and / or a non-volatile memory for storing instructions and / or data, for example, a magnetic hard disk and / or a removable medium. Optionally, a network connection is also provided. A display and / or a user input device such as a keyboard or a mouse are also optionally provided.

[0047] A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium.

[0048] Furthermore, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the system described in the fourth aspect of the present invention is implemented.

[0049] The sixth aspect of the present invention provides any one of the following applications.

[0050] Furthermore, the application includes: 1) Use of GSDMD inhibitors in the preparation of products for preventing and / or treating pancreatic cancer; 2) Application of GSDMD in constructing a computational model for diagnosing pancreatic cancer.

[0051] Furthermore, the inhibitor can knock out the GSDMD gene or reduce the expression level of GSDMD.

[0052] Preferably, the inhibitor includes reagents used in siRNA interference, CRISPR / cas9 method, homologous recombination, gene knockout, gene replacement, gene silencing, site-directed mutagenesis, and chemical drug methods.

[0053] In some embodiments, the computational model includes the expression level of GSDMD. As will be appreciated by the skilled artisan, the step of correlating the level of GSDMD to a probability or risk can be implemented and achieved in different ways. For example, mathematically combining the measured concentrations of GSDMD and one or more other markers and correlating the combined value to the underlying diagnostic question. The determination of marker values ​​can be combined by any suitable prior art mathematical method.

[0054] The term "AUC" or "AUC value" used herein refers to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, which refers to a graphical curve showing the performance of a binary classifier system as its discrimination threshold changes. The curve is created by drawing a curve of true positive rate to false positive rate under various threshold settings. The true positive rate is also referred to as sensitivity. The false positive rate is calculated as 1-specificity. Therefore, the ROC curve is a graphical display of the true positive rate to the false positive rate (sensitivity vs (1-specificity)) within a series of cutoff values ​​and the mode of selecting the best cutoff value for clinical use. Accuracy is expressed as the area under the ROC curve (AUC), which provides useful parameters for comparing test performance. An AUC close to 1 indicates that the test is highly sensitive and has a high degree of specificity, while an AUC close to 0.5 indicates that the test is neither sensitive nor specific.

[0055] Advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention: By analyzing the online data platform, the present invention found that the expression level of GSDMD in pancreatic cancer patients was significantly upregulated, and further verified by collecting real clinical samples, confirming that GSDMD can be used as a diagnostic marker for pancreatic cancer and has a high diagnostic efficacy, providing a new direction for the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of pancreatic cancer, and has broad application prospects in clinical practice. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 is the expression level of GSDMD in the online database; Figure 2 is the expression level of GSDMD in pancreatic cancer tissue; Figure 3 This is the ROC curve of GSDMD in the database; Figure 4 is the expression level of GSDMD in clinical samples; Figure 5 Figure 2 is the ROC curve of GSDMD in clinical samples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Simple improvements to the present invention made according to the essence of the present invention all fall within the scope of protection claimed in the present invention.

[0058] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearance of the phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0059] In the following examples, the experimental methods without specific conditions are generally carried out according to the methods described in the conventional conditions.

[0060] Example 1 Expression level of GSDMD in online database 1. Data Source RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of 178 pancreatic cancer tumor samples and 167 normal pancreatic samples and their clinicopathological parameters were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https: / / portal.gdc.cancer.gov) and Genotype-Tissue Expression Database (GTEx, https: / / www.gtexportal.org / home / ).

[0061] 2. Experimental results The applicant of the present invention has previously demonstrated through experiments that photothermal therapy can induce pyroptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by relying on the caspase-1 / GSDMD pathway. To further explore the role of GSDMD in pancreatic cancer, we first analyzed data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, https: / / portal.gdc.cancer.gov) and the Genotype Tissue Expression Database (GTEx, https: / / www.gtexportal.org / home / ) to compare the expression levels of GSDMD in pancreatic tumors and normal tissues. The results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, GSDMD expression was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues (n=178) compared with normal tissues (n=167). Further analysis revealed that GSDMD was highly expressed in most pancreatic tumor tissues ( Figure 2 ).

[0062] Furthermore, we performed ROC analysis, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.91, indicating that the expression of GSDMD could well distinguish pancreatic tumor tissue from normal tissue ( Figure 3 ).

[0063] Example 2 Expression level of GSDMD in clinical samples 1. Experimental methods Twenty pairs of pancreatic cancer tissues and normal tissues from surgical patients in the General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army were obtained, and the expression of GSDMD was detected by immunohistochemistry. All specimens were tumor or normal tissues after pathological identification. The research involving human samples was carried out in accordance with the recognized ethical guidelines (Declaration of Helsinki) and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fourth Medical Center of the General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (File No.: 2024KY045-KS001), and written informed consent was obtained.

[0064] 2. Experimental results To further verify whether GSDMD is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer, we analyzed 20 pairs of tumor and normal tissues from surgical resection specimens. Consistent with this, immunohistochemical results showed that GSDMD was highly expressed in tumor tissues ( Figure 4 ).

[0065] Furthermore, we performed ROC analysis on the expression of GSDMD in clinical samples, and the results were as follows Figure 5 As shown in Figure 3, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.9261, which indicated that GSDMD had good diagnostic efficacy.

[0066] The description of the above embodiments is only used to understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications will also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Use of a reagent for detecting the expression level of GSDMD in a sample in the preparation of a product for diagnosing pancreatic cancer.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample includes blood or tissue; The reagents include reagents for detecting the expression of GSDMD mRNA and / or detecting the expression of GSDMD protein; Preferably, the reagent includes a probe that specifically recognizes GSDMD, a primer that specifically amplifies GSDMD, or a binding agent that specifically binds to a protein encoded by the GSDMD gene.

3. The use according to claim 2, characterized in that: The reagents for detecting the expression of GSDMD mRNA include reagents used in the following methods: PCR-based detection methods, Southern hybridization, Northern hybridization, dot hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, DNA microarray, ASO method, and high-throughput sequencing platform; The reagents for detecting the expression of GSDMD protein include reagents used in the following methods: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, radioimmunoassay, sandwich assay, protein blotting, flow cytometry, fluorescence-assisted cell sorting, enzyme substrate colorimetric assay and antigen-antibody aggregation, mass spectrometry, immunohistochemical staining, immunoprecipitation analysis, complement fixation analysis, flow cytometry fluorescence separation technology and protein chip.

4. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: The product includes a chip, a test paper, a test kit or a nucleic acid membrane strip; Preferably, the chip includes a gene chip and a protein chip; Preferably, the test paper comprises a test paper carrier and an oligonucleotide immobilized on the test paper carrier, wherein the oligonucleotide is capable of detecting the transcription level of GSDMD; Preferably, the kit comprises a qPCR kit, an immunoblotting detection kit, an immunochromatography detection kit, a flow cytometry analysis kit, an immunohistochemistry detection kit, an ELISA kit and an electrochemiluminescence detection kit.

5. The use according to claim 4, characterized in that: The kit includes one or more substances of the following group: a container, instructions for use, a positive control substance, a negative control substance, a buffer, an auxiliary agent or a solvent.

6. A product for diagnosing pancreatic cancer, characterized in that: The product includes a reagent for detecting the expression level of GSDMD.

7. A method for screening candidate drugs for treating pancreatic cancer, characterized in that: The method comprises: treating a culture system expressing or containing a GSDMD gene or a protein encoded by it with a substance to be screened; and detecting the expression or activity of the GSDMD gene or the protein encoded by it in the system; wherein, when the substance to be screened inhibits the expression level or activity of the GSDMD gene or the protein encoded by it, the substance to be screened is a candidate drug for treating pancreatic cancer.

8. A system for diagnosing pancreatic cancer, characterized in that: The system comprises: Acquisition unit: used to obtain the expression level of GSDMD in the sample; Processing unit: used for obtaining a result of diagnosing pancreatic cancer according to the expression level of GSDMD; Preferably, the sample comprises blood or tissue.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: A computer program is stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the system of claim 8 is implemented.

10. Any of the following applications, characterized in that: The applications include: 1) Use of GSDMD inhibitors in the preparation of products for preventing and / or treating pancreatic cancer; 2) Application of GSDMD in constructing a computational model for diagnosing pancreatic cancer.

Images