A kind of cotton fabric high-efficiency desizing treatment equipment and desizing process using the same

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of textile dyeing and finishing, and specifically relates to a cotton fabric efficient desizing treatment equipment and a desizing process using the same. The cotton fabric efficient desizing treatment equipment comprises a cloth feeding unit, a pretreatment unit, a padding unit, a steaming unit, a water washing unit containing a physical vibration generating device, and a drying unit connected in sequence; the water washing unit containing a physical vibration generating device is composed of 2-6 groups of special flat washing machines; the special flat washing machine includes a combination of one or two physical vibration generating devices in an ultrasonic generating device, a micro-nano bubble generating device, and a microwave flotation device, and also includes a water tank, a guide roller, a liquid squeezing roller, a pressurizing device, a heating device, a water tank transmission, and a water tank drain and its pipeline. The present invention applies the ultrasonic vibration, cavitation effect, and flotation effect generated by the physical vibration generating device to the water washing unit after the long car desizing steaming, accelerates the slurry to fall off the fabric in the water washing link after steaming, and improves the desizing effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of textile dyeing and finishing, and in particular relates to a cotton fabric high-efficiency desizing treatment device and a desizing process using the same. Background Art

[0002] The desizing methods for cotton woven fabrics mainly include alkali desizing, enzyme desizing, acid desizing and oxidant desizing. Since acid desizing and oxidant desizing are very damaging to cotton fibers, they are rarely used alone and are often used in combination with enzyme desizing and alkali desizing. The desizing methods for cotton yarn-dyed fabrics include long-machine desizing, overflow desizing, roller dyeing desizing, cold pile desizing and other forms. The desizing level of the fabric processed by the long-machine desizing device and its process is basically around level 5, which is far from the required level 7-8. There is a problem of poor desizing effect, which affects the subsequent functional finishing and the feel of the finished fabric; increasing the desizing time and using intermittent overflow desizing, roller dyeing desizing and cold pile desizing can improve the desizing effect, but it will reduce production efficiency and there is a risk of fabric staining. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a desizing equipment and process with excellent desizing effect and high production efficiency. Chinese patent CN114808323A discloses a cotton fabric printing and dyeing desizing pretreatment device and pretreatment process. The patent describes a pretreatment device and process for improving the desizing effect by combining air flotation cleaning with ultrasonic padding desizing enzyme. This method is only applicable to intermittent cold stack desizing. Although it is predicted that the desizing effect can be improved, the production efficiency is low. Chinese patent CN107022860A discloses a desizing device for textile fabrics. The patent describes a continuous desizing device, which adds an oscillation tank after dipping the desizing liquid, and uses the physical and mechanical vibration of the oscillation roller and the oscillation wheel to accelerate the shedding of the slurry from the fabric. Although this method ensures processing efficiency, the effect of accelerating the shedding of the slurry by using the oscillation roller and the vibration wheel is general, and cannot effectively improve the recommended effect of the fabric. Chinese patent CN104018337A discloses a desizing method for pure cotton colored fabric sized with a starch and PVA mixed slurry. The patent provides a cold-batch desizing process using a biological enzyme as a desizing agent. Although this method is superior to long-machine desizing in terms of desizing effect, there is a risk of staining, and it is a desizing method at the expense of production efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cotton fabric high-efficiency desizing treatment equipment, which utilizes physical vibration generating devices such as an ultrasonic generator, a micro-nano bubble generator, and a microwave flotation device. It is a device that can perform long-machine desizing. The ultrasonic vibration, cavitation effect, flotation effect, etc. generated in the post-steaming and water washing steps of the equipment are utilized to accelerate the shedding of the sizing material from the fabric, thereby improving the desizing effect of the fabric, ensuring the beneficial effects of subsequent functional finishing, and improving the feel of the fabric. The invention also provides a desizing process using the same, which is scientific, reasonable and suitable for large-scale use. The cotton fabric high-efficiency desizing treatment equipment of the present invention comprises a cloth feeding unit, a pretreatment unit, a padding unit, a steaming unit, a water washing unit containing a physical vibration generating device, and a drying unit connected in sequence; the water washing unit containing a physical vibration generating device is composed of 2-6 groups of special flat washing machines; Furthermore, the special flat washing machine includes one or a combination of two physical vibration generating devices selected from the group consisting of an ultrasonic generating device, a micro-nano bubble generating device, and a microwave flotation device, and also includes a water tank, a water tank guide roller, a water tank liquid squeezing roller, a pressurizing device, a water tank heating device, a water tank transmission, a water tank drain outlet, and its pipeline. Furthermore, the ultrasonic generating device is composed of an ultrasonic generator, an ultrasonic transducer, a steel plate, and electrical components, and the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20KHz-60KHz. Furthermore, the micro-nano bubble generating device is composed of a first microporous tube, a rotating seat, a connecting rod, a first air compressor, and a motor, and the generated bubbles have a diameter of 0.1-50 μm. Furthermore, the microwave flotation device is composed of a second microporous tube, a folding plate, and a second air compressor, and the diameter of the bubbles generated is less than 100 μm. Furthermore, the cloth feeding unit is composed of a tension rod, an edge sucker, a cloth tightener, a first expanding device, a cloth guiding device and a cloth feeding frame, wherein the first expanding device is composed of a threaded expanding roller or an expanding bending roller, and the cloth guiding device is composed of one or a combination of two of a pneumatic pressure roller type cloth guide, an electric pressure roller type cloth guide or a finger-shaped edge stripper. Furthermore, the pretreatment unit includes 1-5 groups of flat washing machines, which are composed of one or two of a low-water-level grid-by-grid countercurrent corrugated roller flat washing machine or a low-water-level grid-by-grid countercurrent zigzag cloth-threading flat washing machine; the flat washing machine includes a flat washing tank, a guide roller and its bearings, a heating device, a liquid squeezing device, a grille, a pre-wash drain outlet and its pipeline, and a transmission mechanism. Furthermore, the impregnation and rolling unit is composed of a frame, an impregnation and rolling liquid roller, a pressure mechanism, a material trough and an impregnation and rolling transmission device; the steaming unit is a guide roller / track combined continuous steaming machine, which is composed of a steaming guide roller, a track, a steaming box, a steaming heating device, a steam sealing device, a liquid sealing device, and a steaming transmission device; the drying unit is composed of a water squeezer, a fabric linear speed adjustment device, 2 groups of drying cylinder columns, 16-24 drying cylinders, drying cylinder bearings and sealing devices, a second expansion device, a drying transmission device and a flat cloth output device. The high-efficiency desizing treatment equipment for cotton fabrics of the present invention performs a desizing process. The open-width woven grey fabric fabric sequentially passes through a fabric feeding unit, a pretreatment unit, a padding unit, a steaming unit, a washing unit containing a physical vibration generating device, and a drying unit, and runs at a speed of 10-120 m / min; a desizing liquid at 30° C.-70° C. is contained in a water tank of the padding unit, and the fabric milling rate is 30%-90%; the desizing liquid is composed of 5-50 g / L desizing enzyme, 5-30 g / L refining agent, 1-15 g / L penetrant, and 5-20 g / L dewaxing agent. Furthermore, the temperature of water in the flat washing tank of the pretreatment unit is 30°C-95°C; the temperature in the steaming box of the steaming unit is 90°C-100°C. Furthermore, the water temperature in the water tank of the special flat washing machine of the washing unit containing the physical vibration generating device is 40°C-95°C; the steam pressure entering the drying cylinder of the drying unit is 0.2MPa-0.4MPa. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention utilizes the ultrasonic vibration, cavitation effect, and flotation effect generated by a physical vibration generating device, and applies them to a long-machine desizing steaming and post-washing unit to accelerate the shedding of sizing material from the fabric in the post-steaming and washing step, thereby improving the desizing effect of the fabric, ensuring the effect gain of subsequent functional finishing, and improving the feel of the fabric. (2) The use of the equipment described in the present invention in combination with a reasonable desizing process can synergistically improve the efficiency and effect of desizing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a highly efficient desizing treatment device for cotton fabrics according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of one combination of a water washing unit containing a physical vibration generating device. Markings in the figure: 1. cloth feeding unit; 11. tension rod; 12. edge suction device; 13. cloth tightening device; 14. first width expanding device; 15. cloth guiding device; 16. cloth feeding rack; 2. pretreatment unit; 21. flat washing tank; 22. guide roller and its bearing; 23. heating device; 24. squeezing device; 25. grille; 26. pre-washing drain outlet and its pipeline; 3. impregnation unit; 31. frame; 32. impregnation squeezing roller; 34. trough; 4. steaming unit; 41. steaming guide roller; 42. crawler; 43. steaming box; 44. steaming heating device; 45. steam sealing device; 46. liquid sealing device; 5. washing unit with physical vibration generating device; 51. ultrasonic generator 511, water tank; 512, water tank guide roller; 513, water tank squeezing roller; 515, water tank heating device; 517, water tank drain outlet and its pipeline; 518, ultrasonic generator; 519, ultrasonic transducer; 520, steel plate; 52, micro-nano bubble generating device; 521, first microporous tube; 522, rotating seat; 523, connecting rod; 531, second microporous tube; 532, folding plate; 6, drying unit; 61, squeezing machine; 62, fabric linear speed regulating device; 63, drying cylinder column; 64, drying cylinder; 65, drying cylinder bearing and sealing device; 66, second width expanding device; 67, drying transmission device; 68, flat cloth discharging device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. All raw materials used in the examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified, including: The desizing enzyme was DS-HT, a commercial product of Zibo Lurui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.; The refining agent was MAG-L, a commercial product of Kekai Fine Chemicals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.; The penetrant was WA-M, a commercial product of Zibo Lurui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.; The wax remover is WR-03, a commercially available product of Zibo Lurui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. Example 1 The cotton fabric efficient desizing treatment equipment, such as Figure 1-2 As shown, it includes a cloth feeding unit 1, a pretreatment unit 2, a padding unit 3, a steaming unit 4, a washing unit 5 containing a physical vibration generating device, and a drying unit 6 which are connected in sequence; the running speed of the fabric on the equipment is 90m / min. The tension rod 11, the edge sucker 12, the cloth tightener 13, the first widening device 14: the threaded widening roller, the cloth guide device 15: the pneumatic pressure roller type cloth guide in the cloth feeding unit 1 are arranged on the cloth feeding frame 16. The woven grey cloth passes through the guide roller, the tension rod 11, the edge sucker 12, the pneumatic pressure roller type cloth guide, the cloth tightener 13, and the threaded widening roller in sequence, and then enters the pretreatment unit. The pretreatment unit 2 is composed of two low-water-level grid-by-grid countercurrent corrugated roller flat washers, each of which is composed of a flat wash tank 21, a guide roller and its bearing 22, a heating device 23, a squeezing device 24, a grid 25, a pre-wash drain and its pipeline 26, and a transmission mechanism; the flat fabric coming out of the cloth feeding unit 1 passes through the guide roller and squeezing roller of the flat wash machine in turn, and the flat wash tank 21 contains 90°C clean water. The fabric is passed back and forth in the small water tanks separated by multiple groups of grids 25 in the flat wash tank 21 for multiple washings. After being washed by two groups of flat washers, the fabric enters the impregnation unit 3. The padding unit 3 is composed of a frame 31, a padding roller 32, a pressurizing mechanism, a material tank 34 and a padding transmission device. After the fabrics of the pretreatment unit pass through the guide roller, the material tank 34 and the padding roller 32 in sequence, the fabric surface carries a certain amount of desizing liquid into the steaming unit 4. The desizing liquid in the material tank 34 is composed of 30g / L desizing enzyme, 10g / L refining agent, 5g / L penetrant, and 10g / L dewaxing agent. The temperature of the desizing liquid is 50°C. After being squeezed by the pressurizing device, the fabric contains 70% of the desizing liquid (rolling rate). The steaming unit 4 is a guide roller / track combined continuous steaming machine, which is composed of a steaming guide roller 41, a track 42, a steaming box 43, a steaming heating device 44, a steam sealing device 45, a liquid sealing device 46, and a steaming transmission device; the fabric containing the desizing liquid passes through the cloth inlet steam sealing device 45, the steaming guide roller 41, the track 42, the steaming guide roller 41, and the cloth outlet liquid sealing device 46 in sequence, and then enters the washing unit 5 containing a physical vibration generating device. The water in the steaming unit 4 is heated by the steaming heating device 44 to generate 98°C steam, and the steam fills the entire steaming box 43. The desizing liquid reacts with the sizing in the fabric under the action of the steam. The water washing unit 5 containing a physical vibration generating device is composed of three groups of special flat washing machines: the first flat washing machine contains an ultrasonic generator 51 and a micro-nano bubble generator 52, the second flat washing machine contains an ultrasonic generator 51 and a microwave flotation device, and the third flat washing machine contains a microwave flotation device. The ultrasonic generator 51 in the first flat washing machine is a plate type, and the second is a cylindrical type. Both types are composed of an ultrasonic generator 518, an ultrasonic transducer 519, a steel plate 520 and electrical components. The ultrasonic frequency of each ultrasonic generator is 33kHz; the micro-nano bubble generator 52 is composed of a first microporous tube 521, a rotating seat 522, a connecting rod 523, a first air compressor and a motor, and the diameter of the generated micro-nano bubbles is about 10μm; the microwave flotation devices in the second and third flat washing machines are both composed of a second microporous tube 531, a folding plate 532 and a second air compressor, and the diameter of the generated microwave bubbles is about 50μm. In addition to the above three physical vibration generators, the flat washing machine also includes a water tank 511, a water tank guide roller 512, a water tank squeeze roller 513, a pressurizing device, a water tank heating device 515, a water tank transmission and a water tank drain and its pipeline 517. The water temperature in each water tank 511 is controlled at 50°C. The fabric enters the drying unit 6 after passing through the first, second, and third special flat washing machines in sequence. The drying unit 6 is composed of a water squeezer 61, a fabric linear speed regulating device 62, two groups of drying cylinder columns 63, 20 drying cylinders 64, drying cylinder bearings and sealing devices 65, a second widening device 66, a drying transmission device 67 and a flat-width cloth discharging device 68. The fabric washed by the special flat-width washing machine passes through the water squeezer 61, 10 drying cylinders 64, the fabric linear speed regulating device 62, 10 drying cylinders 64, the second widening device 66 and the flat-width cloth discharging device 68 in sequence to complete the desizing process of the fabric. The water squeezer 61 squeezes the moisture content of the fabric to 50%, and the steam pressure of the drying cylinder 64 is 0.35MPa. Example 2 Pure cotton fabric was selected for desizing treatment, and the operation sequence of the equipment and the fabric was the same as in Example 1, except that the running speed of the fabric on the equipment was 100 m / min. The water temperature in the flat washing tank 21 of the pretreatment unit 2 is 95°C; the material tank 34 of the padding unit 3 contains a desizing liquid at 60°C, and the fabric milling rate is 80%; the desizing liquid is composed of 50g / L desizing enzyme, 15g / L refining agent, 8g / L penetrant, and 15g / L dewaxing agent. The temperature in the steaming box 43 of the steaming unit 4 is 100°C. The water temperature in the water tank of the special flat washing machine of the water washing unit 5 containing the physical vibration generating device is 60° C.; the steam pressure entering the drying cylinder 64 of the drying unit 6 is 0.32 MPa. Comparative Example 1 The fabric variety, fabric running order and speed are consistent with those in Example 1. The equipment is a conventional long-machine desizing equipment for color-dyed fabrics. The pre-wash temperature is 90°C, the desizing liquid in the immersion and rolling tank is consistent with that in Example 1, and the temperature is also 50°C. The fabric rolling rate is 70%, the steaming temperature is 98°C, and the post-steaming washing consists of 6 conventional washing tanks, each of which is 6 sets of single-thread guide rollers, and the temperature is 50°C. The structure of the drying unit, the rolling rate of the water squeezer and the steam pressure of the drying cylinder are all consistent with those in the embodiment. Comparative Example 2 The fabric variety, fabric running order and speed are consistent with those in Example 2. The equipment is a conventional long-machine desizing equipment for color-dyed fabrics. The pre-wash temperature is 95°C, the desizing liquid in the immersion and rolling tank is consistent with that in Example 2, and the temperature is also 60°C. The fabric rolling rate is 80%, the steaming temperature is 100°C, and the post-steaming washing consists of 6 conventional washing tanks, each of which is 6 sets of single-thread guide rollers, and the temperature is 60°C. The structure of the drying unit, the rolling rate of the water squeezer and the steam pressure of the drying drum are all consistent with those in the embodiment. The desizing effect, wicking height and water absorption of the desizing fabrics processed in the above Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were tested. The test results are shown in the following table: Table 1 Test results

Claims

1. A cotton fabric high-efficiency desizing treatment device, characterized in that: It comprises a cloth feeding unit (1), a pretreatment unit (2), a padding unit (3), a steaming unit (4), a water washing unit (5) containing a physical vibration generating device, and a drying unit (6) which are connected in sequence; the water washing unit (5) containing a physical vibration generating device is composed of 2 to 6 groups of special flat washing machines; The special flat washing machine includes an ultrasonic generating device (51), a micro-nano bubble generating device (52), a microwave flotation device, or a combination of two physical vibration generating devices, and also includes a water tank (511), a water tank guide roller (512), a water tank liquid squeezing roller (513), a pressurizing device, a water tank heating device (515), a water tank transmission, a water tank drain outlet and a pipeline (517).

2. The high-efficiency desizing treatment equipment for cotton fabrics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic generating device (51) is composed of an ultrasonic generator (518), an ultrasonic transducer (519), a steel plate (520), and electrical components. The frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 20KHz-60KHz.

3. The high-efficiency desizing treatment equipment for cotton fabric according to claim 1, characterized in that: The micro-nano bubble generating device (52) is composed of a first microporous tube (521), a rotating seat (522), a connecting rod (523), a first air compressor, and a motor. The diameter of the generated bubbles is 0.1-50 μm.

4. The high-efficiency desizing treatment equipment for cotton fabrics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microwave flotation device is composed of a second microporous tube (531), a folding plate (532), and a second air compressor, and generates bubbles with a diameter of less than 100 μm.

5. The high-efficiency desizing treatment equipment for cotton fabrics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cloth feeding unit (1) is composed of a tension rod (11), an edge suction device (12), a cloth tightening device (13), a first widening device (14), a cloth guiding device (15) and a cloth feeding frame (16), wherein the first widening device (14) is composed of a threaded widening roller or a widening bending roller, and the cloth guiding device (15) is composed of one or a combination of two of a pneumatic pressure roller type cloth guide, an electric pressure roller type cloth guide or a finger-shaped edge stripper.

6. The high-efficiency desizing treatment equipment for cotton fabrics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pretreatment unit (2) comprises 1 to 5 groups of flat washers, wherein the flat washers are composed of one or a combination of low-water-level grid-by-grid countercurrent corrugated roller flat washers or low-water-level grid-by-grid countercurrent serpentine cloth-threading flat washers; the flat washers comprise a flat wash tank (21), a guide roller and its bearing (22), a heating device (23), a liquid squeezing device (24), a grille (25), a pre-washing drain outlet and its pipeline (26), and a transmission mechanism.

7. The high-efficiency desizing treatment equipment for cotton fabrics according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impregnation unit (3) is composed of a frame (31), an impregnation liquid pressing roller (32), a pressurizing mechanism, a material trough (34) and an impregnation transmission device; the steaming unit (4) is a guide roller / track combined continuous steaming machine, which is composed of a steaming guide roller (41), a track (42), a steaming box (43), a steaming heating device (44), a steam sealing device (45), a liquid sealing device (46) and a steaming transmission device; the drying unit (6) is composed of a water pressing machine (61), a fabric linear speed regulating device (62), two groups of drying cylinder columns (63), 16-24 drying cylinders (64), drying cylinder bearings and sealing devices (65), a second width expanding device (66), a drying transmission device (67) and a flat cloth discharging device (68).

8. A process for desizing cotton fabrics using the highly efficient desizing treatment equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The open-width woven grey fabric passes through a fabric feeding unit (1) - a pretreatment unit (2) - a padding unit (3) - a steaming unit (4) - a washing unit (5) containing a physical vibration generating device and a drying unit (6) in sequence, and runs at a speed of 10-120 m / min; a desizing liquid at a temperature of 30° C. to 70° C. is contained in a material tank (34) of the padding unit (3), and the fabric milling rate is 30% to 90%; the desizing liquid comprises 5-50 g / L of a desizing enzyme, 5-30 g / L of a refining agent, 1-15 g / L of a penetrant, and 5-20 g / L of a wax remover.

9. The process according to claim 8, characterized in that The temperature of the water in the flat washing tank (21) of the pretreatment unit (2) is 30°C-95°C; the temperature in the steaming box (43) of the steaming unit (4) is 90°C-100°C.

10. The process according to claim 8, characterized in that The water temperature in the water tank of the special flat washing machine of the water washing unit (5) containing the physical vibration generating device is 40°C-95°C; the steam pressure entering the drying cylinder (64) of the drying unit (6) is 0.2MPa-0.4MPa.

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