A traditional roof construction technology for antique buildings

Abstract

The present application relates to a traditional roof construction process for antique buildings, and to the technical field of antique building design and construction. The traditional roof construction process for antique buildings comprises the following steps: S1, construction preparation; S2, wood structure lookout board process construction; S3, insulation layer construction; S4, waterproof layer construction; S5, protective layer construction. During the construction process, the thickness of each base layer, the material used, and the roof waterproofing construction are strictly controlled. The wood structure lookout board process is effectively combined with the thermal insulation and waterproofing processes of each layer of the roof, and the shortcomings of the roof tile process caused by the traditional mud-back and gray-back method, such as short service life, easy slipping of roof tiles after long-term use, and poor thermal insulation and waterproofing effects, are improved. The new process can ensure the appearance of the traditional courtyard blue brick and gray tiles, and can also ensure the design requirements of thermal insulation and waterproofing, and the use of pre-embedded steel mesh and the method of embedded steel parts effectively solve the problem of easy slipping of hanging tiles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antique building design and construction, and in particular to a traditional roof construction process of an antique building. Background Art

[0002] Strengthen the urban spatial structure of "two axes, one city, and one ring". Create a city image that is gentle, open, magnificent, orderly, blending the past and the present, and solemn and majestic. Protect the spatial pattern of the two axes and the four city walls, the chessboard road network, and the six seas and eight rivers, and highlight the unique spatial order. Use high-level urban design to strengthen the historical pattern and traditional style of the old city, and form a solemn and elegant spatial image that inherits profound historical and cultural connotations. Expand the protection scope of historical and cultural blocks, protect hutongs, quadrangles, former residences of celebrities, and time-honored brands, and preserve historical textures. Drive the evacuation of key cultural relics and historical buildings, strengthen cultural relic protection and surrounding environmental improvement. Make the newly built antique buildings consistent with the surrounding cultural relics environment.

[0003] According to the current policy instructions on the land use of the old city protection area, in order to promote the construction of Beijing as a historical and cultural city, accelerate the renovation of the old city, orderly evacuate the population of the old city, restore the style of the ancient capital, and strengthen the historical pattern and traditional style of the old city with high-level urban design, forming a solemn and elegant spatial image with profound historical and cultural connotations. In order to solve the problems of poor thermal insulation performance, low waterproof tightness and poor fire resistance of traditional roof structures, it is necessary to introduce a method of combining antique building roofs with new roofing technology, which can not only ensure the beauty of the traditional courtyard blue bricks and gray tiles, but also improve the waterproof, thermal insulation and fireproof performance of the roof. The traditional technology of mud back and gray back has a short service life of roof tiles, and the roof tiles are easy to slip after long-term use, and the thermal insulation and waterproofing effect is poor. At the same time, the environmental pollution at the construction site of the traditional technology is relatively serious.

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned related technologies, a solution is now proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a traditional roof construction process for antique buildings to solve the technical problems in the prior art of easy sliding of hanging tiles, short process life, poor insulation and waterproofing effects, and serious pollution on the construction site.

[0006] This application provides a traditional roof construction process for antique buildings, which adopts the following technical solutions: A traditional roof construction process for antique buildings comprises the following steps: S1. Construction preparation: Detailed measurement and layout work shall be carried out before construction, and the elevation of each detail of the roof shall be strictly controlled; S2. Construction of wooden structure lookout board: according to the design drawings and construction requirements, the position line of the lookout board is popped out on the roof, and the wood is cut and processed according to the popped lines to make the required lookout board size and shape, and the lookout board is fixed on the roof with nails or screws; S3, insulation layer construction: clean the surface of the cast-in-place concrete structure layer, then carry out the slope construction, plug the holes and fix the protruding roof components, and after completion, lay the insulation layer and install the built-in net; S4. Waterproof layer construction: Apply the base treatment agent, then lay the roll material, and bond and seal the lap joints of the roll material. S5. Protective layer construction: Clean and repair the roof, select appropriate protective layer materials and steel mesh according to design requirements, lay them on the roof, and compact and smooth them with tools to maintain the protective layer.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, the fireproof and anti-corrosion treatment of the wood used in the wooden lookout board process is properly carried out, which reduces the damage caused by environmental factors and thus reduces the long-term maintenance cost. The use of efficient insulation materials and precise construction techniques ensures that the roof has good thermal insulation performance, which helps to meet the requirements of the energy-saving acceptance specifications for roofing projects and significantly reduces the deficiencies of traditional courtyard roofs in energy conservation and thermal insulation. In the construction of the waterproof layer, waterproof membranes with good water resistance are used and the construction quality is strictly controlled. The new process effectively reduces the risk of roof leakage, which meets the requirements of the quality specifications for roof waterproofing projects and improves the service life and living comfort of the building. The construction of the protective layer adopts a grid-based method to ensure the appearance of the traditional courtyard blue bricks and gray tiles, and can be coordinated with the surrounding cultural relics environment, restoring and maintaining the style of the ancient capital, which is particularly important for the construction of historical and cultural cities. At the same time, the overall plan reduces the amount of mud back in the traditional process, uses new building materials, and effectively reduces the roof load and environmental pollution at the construction site, which makes the new process more environmentally friendly and in line with the requirements of sustainable development.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, the measurement and layout work needs to ensure that the position of each node is accurate, and the elevations of key roof components are accurately measured and marked. Key components include but are not limited to: roof panels, purlins, and rafters. At the same time, special attention is paid to the control of elevations in the detailed processing of nodes. These key components are strictly controlled in elevation according to design requirements.

[0009] By adopting the above scheme, precise elevation control ensures the stability and uniformity of the roof structure and reduces the risk of structural damage caused by uneven settlement or improper loading, which is crucial to improving the safety of the entire building. Through precise measurement and marking, material waste can be minimized and each part of the material can be used exactly where it is needed, which not only helps to reduce costs but also contributes to the rational use of resources. When the location and elevation of all key components are accurately planned and marked in advance, the construction process can be smoother and faster, which reduces the need for additional adjustments on site, thereby saving time and labor. Precise elevation control ensures a high degree of consistency between design and actual construction, so that the final building appearance can better meet the designer's original intentions and improve the overall aesthetics.

[0010] Preferably, in step S2, the wood is soaked or sprayed with a special wood flame retardant, and the wood is pressurized with an aqueous solution of an environmentally friendly preservative to allow the preservative to penetrate into the wood. The spacing between the roof panels should be kept consistent and controlled at 30-50 cm.

[0011] By adopting the above scheme, by treating the wood with flame retardants, the fire resistance level of roofing wood can be greatly improved and the risk of fire can be reduced, especially in antique buildings, which is particularly important for protecting cultural heritage. The pressurized impregnation treatment allows the environmentally friendly preservatives to penetrate deeply into the wood, thereby effectively preventing the invasion of mold, fungi and insects and extending the service life of the wood. By strictly controlling the spacing between the balusters to 30-50 cm, it not only ensures the aesthetics of the roof, but also helps to maintain the uniform load distribution of the structure and avoid damage caused by local excessive pressure. At the same time, the appropriate spacing promotes air circulation under the roof, helps to reduce moisture accumulation, and further prevents wood corrosion and mildew.

[0012] Preferably, in step S3, after the cleaning is completed, the direction of the roof slope is found according to the designed slope and water flow direction, the thickness range of the insulation layer is determined, and an exhaust duct is set at the same time. The vertical and horizontal spacing of the exhaust duct is not greater than 6m, and the subsequent laying of the insulation layer uses a group of 30mm thick hydrophobic rock wool A-class fire isolation belts, and two groups of 50mm thick hydrophobic rock wool A-class fire isolation belts are arranged above the 30mm thick hydrophobic rock wool A-class fire isolation belts, and the 30mm thick hydrophobic rock wool A-class fire isolation belts and the 50mm thick hydrophobic rock wool A-class fire isolation belts are fixed by a built-in exhaust pipe network.

[0013] By adopting the above scheme, the surface of the cast-in-place concrete structure layer is thoroughly cleaned before construction to ensure that there is no debris affecting subsequent processes. The slope direction of the roof is found according to the design requirements to ensure smooth water flow and avoid water accumulation. Exhaust ducts are set on the roof with a vertical and horizontal spacing of no more than 6 meters to promote air circulation and reduce moisture accumulation. First, a group of 30-thick hydrophobic rock wool A-level fire isolation belts are laid, and then two groups of 50-thick hydrophobic rock wool A-level fire isolation belts are set above it. These materials not only have good thermal insulation performance, but also have excellent fireproof properties. Through the superposition of multiple layers of rock wool, efficient thermal insulation effect is achieved, energy consumption is reduced, and all rock wool materials used are Class A fireproof materials, which greatly improves the fire resistance of the roof. The layers of rock wool are fixed by the built-in exhaust pipe network, and the effectiveness of the exhaust system is ensured to keep the insulation layer dry and efficient. The setting of the built-in exhaust pipe network and exhaust duct helps to quickly discharge moisture, prevent the insulation material from getting damp, and extend its service life. At the same time, hydrophobic rock wool is used as the main insulation material, which is not only environmentally friendly but also has excellent energy-saving effects, meeting the requirements of green buildings.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, during the construction process, it is necessary to ensure that the insulation layer is laid evenly, tightly, and without gaps. After the construction is completed, the heat loss of the roof insulation layer is calculated, and the insulation effect of the insulation layer is evaluated by calculation using a formula, and the calculation formula is as follows: Among them, T1 is the temperature inside the insulation layer; T2 is the ambient temperature outside the insulation layer; K is the thermal conductivity of the insulation material used; A is the heat transfer area; d is the actual thickness of the insulation layer.

[0015] By adopting the above scheme, the heat loss of the insulation layer can be accurately calculated through the above formula, so as to evaluate whether its insulation effect meets the design requirements and energy-saving standards. If the calculation results show that the heat loss Q exceeds expectations, the type or thickness of the insulation material may need to be adjusted. This calculation helps engineers optimize material selection and use. By minimizing heat loss, the energy efficiency of buildings can be significantly improved, energy consumption can be reduced, and operating costs can be reduced. Reducing heat loss helps reduce the demand for heating systems, reduces carbon emissions, and has a positive impact on environmental protection. At the same time, good insulation can stabilize indoor temperature and provide a more comfortable living environment.

[0016] Preferably, in step S4, ensure that there is no water accumulation on the surface of the base layer after cleaning, and use an additional layer of roll material to enhance the detailed structural parts, the detailed structural parts include but are not limited to: inside and outside corners, penetrating components, post-cast strips, and pre-lay the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof roll material on the base layer. The longitudinal overlap width is generally 50 mm. Then, only the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof roll material around the overall waterproof layer is fully adhered, and the overlap seams are welded. The horizontal connection is butt-jointed, and a composite roll material with a width of 200 to 250 mm is used to cover the overlap and weld it.

[0017] By adopting the above scheme, by using an additional layer of roll material in the detailed structural parts and fully bonding and welding around them, the overall waterproof performance of the waterproof layer is significantly improved, especially for the protection of vulnerable parts. The use of double-sided self-adhesive waterproof roll material simplifies the construction process because this material can be bonded immediately, reducing the need for additional fixing. The double-sided self-adhesive waterproof roll material is pre-laid on the base layer, and the longitudinal overlap width is generally 50mm. This roll material has good self-adhesion and can provide immediate waterproof effect. Only the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof roll material around the overall waterproof layer is fully bonded and the overlap seams are welded. This can ensure that the edge of the waterproof layer is more solid and prevent moisture from penetrating from the edge. Through horizontal butt jointing and covering welding, the structural integrity of the waterproof layer is enhanced, making it more durable and damage-resistant. The horizontal butt jointing treatment is adopted, and the 200-250mm wide composite membrane is covered, overlapped and welded. This treatment method helps to enhance the integrity and continuity of the waterproof layer. At the same time, the optimized construction steps and material selection improve construction efficiency, reduce construction time and cost, and extend the service life of the waterproof layer through precise and meticulous construction technology, reducing the need and cost of long-term maintenance.

[0018] Preferably, in step S4, the welded lap joint is fully baked with a hot melt lap edge banding machine to fully bake the asphalt coating layer on the bottom surface of the upper coil and the upper surface of the lower coil, ensuring that the asphalt between the coils at the lap joint is densely fused and forming a homogeneous asphalt strip with a width of about 5-8 mm. After completing the welded lap joint, a water storage test is performed on the base surface.

[0019] By adopting the above scheme, the construction quality and waterproof performance of the roof waterproof layer are improved, and the reliability of the waterproof layer is ensured through the water storage test, providing long-term and effective waterproof protection for the building. The hot melt technology ensures the dense fusion of the overlap, and the uniform asphalt strip formed can effectively prevent water penetration and significantly improve the waterproof performance. The use of hot melt overlap edge banding machine provides precise temperature control to ensure the consistency and reliability of construction quality. Compared with the traditional manual welding method, the use of hot melt overlap edge banding machine can complete the overlap seam processing more quickly and easily. At the same time, through the water storage test, the integrity of the waterproof layer can be intuitively verified to ensure that the construction meets the design requirements.

[0020] Preferably, in step S5, after cleaning the roof to ensure that the surface is smooth and free of debris, a line-drawing tool is used to draw grid lines to ensure that the lines are clear and smooth, and ash cakes are set on the roof as reference points for controlling the elevation and thickness. The grid strips are pasted on the roof according to the drawn grid lines, and then the cement mortar or fine stone concrete is mixed according to the designed proportions to ensure that the mixing is even and there is no lumps. The mixed cement mortar or fine stone concrete is evenly spread on the roof, and initially smoothed with a scraper or trowel. A steel mesh is pressed onto the spread cement mortar or fine stone concrete, and the surface of the protective layer is smoothed and polished with a trowel to ensure that the surface is flat and smooth.

[0021] By adopting the above scheme, the roof surface is ensured to be smooth and free of debris, creating a clean and flat base for subsequent work. A line-drawing tool is used to draw clear dividing lines on the roof to ensure that the lines are straight, which helps to lay the subsequent materials neatly. Gray cakes are set on the roof as reference points for controlling the elevation and thickness to ensure that the protective layer of the entire roof has a uniform thickness. The dividing strips are pasted on the roof according to the pre-drawn dividing lines. This step ensures the clear boundaries and linearity of the paving materials. By pressing in the steel mesh, the structural strength and crack resistance of the protective layer are significantly improved. Clear dividing lines and systematic construction steps improve construction efficiency and reduce the possibility of rework. A trowel is used to smooth and polish the surface of the protective layer to ensure that the surface is flat and smooth to meet the aesthetic requirements of the design.

[0022] Preferably, in step S5, after the construction of the protective layer is completed, cement mortar or fine stone concrete is used to fill and level the detailed structures on the roof. The detailed structures include but are not limited to: pipe roots, parapets, gutters, and eaves gutters. At the same time, the spread cement mortar or fine stone concrete is cured to keep it moist to prevent cracking. The curing time is not less than 7 days. After the curing is completed, the partition joints are filled with caulking material to ensure tight sealing and no leakage.

[0023] By adopting the above scheme, cement mortar or fine stone concrete is used to fill and level these detailed structural parts. This step ensures that these areas are flat and consistent with the overall structure of the roof, reducing the risk of leakage in the future. Through special filling and leveling, the waterproof performance of the detailed structural parts is significantly improved, reducing the leakage problem caused by uneven structure. The paved cement mortar or fine stone concrete needs to be properly maintained. It is very important to keep it moist to prevent the material from drying out prematurely and cracking. The maintenance time is not less than 7 days to ensure that the material reaches the designed strength and durability. Proper maintenance ensures that the cement mortar or fine stone concrete achieves the best performance, thereby extending the service life of the roof and reducing the need for long-term maintenance. After the maintenance is completed, the partition joints are filled with caulking material. This step ensures the tightness of the seal, effectively prevents moisture penetration and air exchange, thereby avoiding leakage problems. By filling the partition joints, the sealing and integrity of the entire roof system are ensured, effectively preventing the intrusion of moisture and air.

[0024] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. High insulation efficiency and reduced energy consumption: It meets the requirements of energy-saving acceptance standards and solves the energy-saving and insulation needs of traditional courtyard roofs; 2. Use waterproof membranes with good water resistance to reduce the risk of roof leakage and meet the requirements of engineering quality specifications; 3. The wood is properly treated with fire and corrosion prevention, and the subsequent maintenance cost is low; 4. The appearance is elegant and beautiful, which can be coordinated with the surrounding cultural relics and restore the style of the ancient capital. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a construction process flow chart of a traditional roof of an antique building in this application; Figure 2 This is a construction process diagram of the insulation layer of a traditional roof construction process of an antique building in this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a roof insulation and fireproof structure of a traditional roof construction process of an antique building in this application; Figure 4 This is a waterproof layer construction process diagram of a traditional roof construction process of an antique building in this application; Figure 5 This is a protective layer construction process diagram of a traditional roof construction process of an antique building in this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following is combined with Figure 1 - Attachment Figure 5 , further details of this application are given.

[0027] The embodiment of the present application discloses a traditional roof construction process for antique buildings.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 , a traditional roof construction process of antique buildings, comprising the following steps: S1. Construction preparation: Detailed measurement and layout work shall be carried out before construction, and the elevation of each detail of the roof shall be strictly controlled; S2. Construction of wooden structure lookout board: according to the design drawings and construction requirements, the position line of the lookout board is popped out on the roof, and the wood is cut and processed according to the popped lines to make the required lookout board size and shape, and the lookout board is fixed on the roof with nails or screws; S3, insulation layer construction: clean the surface of the cast-in-place concrete structure layer, then carry out the slope leveling construction, plug the holes and fix the protruding roof components, and after completion, lay the insulation layer and install the built-in net; S4. Waterproof layer construction: Apply the base treatment agent, then lay the roll material, and bond and seal the lap joints of the roll material. S5. Protective layer construction: Clean and repair the roof, select appropriate protective layer materials and steel mesh according to design requirements, lay them on the roof, and compact and smooth them with tools to maintain the protective layer.

[0029] Specifically, detailed measurement and layout work is carried out before construction to ensure that the position of each node is accurate. Accurately measure and mark the elevations of key roof components, such as roof panels, purlins, rafters, etc. Pay special attention to the elevation control of node details to ensure that these key components are strictly controlled in accordance with design requirements. According to the design drawings and construction requirements, use ink fountains and other line-drawing devices on the roof to pop out the position lines of the lookout boards. According to the lines that have been drawn, cut and process the wood to make the required lookout board size and shape. Use nails or screws to fix the lookout boards to the roof to ensure that they are accurately and firmly positioned. Then, thoroughly clean the surface of the cast-in-place concrete structure layer to ensure that there are no debris that affects subsequent processes. After the slope layer is constructed, plug and fix the holes in the protruding roof components. After completing the above steps, lay the insulation layer and install the built-in net to enhance the insulation effect. Apply the base treatment agent to ensure the base Clean and flat, lay the roll materials, bond and seal the lap joints of the roll materials to ensure the integrity and sealing of the waterproof layer, clean and repair the roof to ensure a smooth surface without cracks, select appropriate protective layer materials and steel mesh according to design requirements, lay them on the roof, and compact and smooth them with tools, maintain the protective layer, keep it moist to prevent cracking, and the maintenance time is not less than 7 days. After the maintenance is completed, fill the partition joints with caulking material to ensure tight sealing and no leakage. The above detailed implementation methods and construction process details can ensure that the new process of traditional roofing of antique buildings meets high standards of construction quality and performance requirements, and provide long-term and effective protection and aesthetic effects for the buildings.

[0030] Reference Figure 1 In step S1, the measurement and layout work needs to ensure that the position of each node is accurate, and the elevation of the key roof components is accurately measured and marked. The key components include but are not limited to: roof panels, purlins, and rafters. At the same time, special attention is paid to the control of elevation in the node detail processing. The elevation of these key components is strictly controlled according to the design requirements.

[0031] Specifically, ensure that all necessary measuring tools and equipment are ready, including but not limited to high-precision measuring tools such as levels, laser rangefinders, and elevation meters. Before measuring and laying out, conduct a detailed survey of the construction site to understand the site conditions and potential problems to ensure the smooth progress of the measurement work. According to the design drawings, use professional layout equipment to pop up the position lines of key components on the roof, including roof panels, purlins, rafters, etc., accurately measure the elevation of each key component, use elevation meters or other related equipment to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results, clearly mark the key points on the roof, including the specific location and height of each key component, to ensure that construction personnel can clearly identify and construct according to the design requirements, pay special attention to the control of elevation in the detailed processing of nodes, ensure that these detailed parts are accurately constructed according to the design requirements, and avoid subsequent adjustments and rework. After all measurement and layout work is completed, detailed records and inspections are carried out to ensure that the position of each node is accurate and meets the design requirements. Through precise measurement and layout work, the accuracy of the position and elevation of key components is ensured, thereby improving the overall construction accuracy.

[0032] Reference Figure 1 In step S2, the wood is soaked or sprayed with a special wood flame retardant, and the wood is pressurized with an aqueous solution of an environmentally friendly preservative to allow the preservative to penetrate into the wood. The spacing between the roof panels should be kept consistent and controlled at 30-50 cm.

[0033] Specifically, the wood is soaked or sprayed with a special wood flame retardant. Ensure that the wood surface is completely covered with flame retardants to improve its fire resistance. The wood is pressurized and impregnated with an aqueous solution of an environmentally friendly preservative. This environmentally friendly preservative uses an aqueous solution containing copper, chromium and arsenic. By pressurizing, the preservative penetrates deeper into the wood, thereby effectively preventing wood decay and insect pests. When installing the lookout boards, strictly control the spacing between the lookout boards and keep it within 30-50 cm. This measure not only ensures the uniformity and stability of the structure, but also helps in the subsequent construction and maintenance of the waterproof layer. Use nails or screws to fix the treated lookout boards to the roof. Ensure that each lookout board is accurately and firmly positioned to avoid structural problems caused by looseness. Through the treatment of wood flame retardants, the fire resistance of the wood is significantly improved and the risk of fire is reduced. At the same time, the deep penetration of the preservative effectively prevents wood decay and insect pests, extending the service life of the wooden structure.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3In step S3, after the cleaning is completed, the roof slope direction is found according to the designed slope and water flow direction, the thickness range of the insulation layer is determined, and an exhaust duct is set at the same time. The vertical and horizontal spacing of the exhaust duct is not more than 6m. The subsequent laying of the insulation layer uses a group of 30 thick hydrophobic rock wool A-level fire isolation belts. Two groups of 50 thick hydrophobic rock wool A-level fire isolation belts are set above the 30 thick hydrophobic rock wool A-level fire isolation belts, and the 30 thick hydrophobic rock wool A-level fire isolation belts and the 50 thick hydrophobic rock wool A-level fire isolation belts are fixed by a built-in exhaust pipe network.

[0035] Specifically, the surface of the cast-in-place concrete structure layer is thoroughly cleaned to ensure that there are no debris and loose materials that affect subsequent processes. According to the design requirements, the roof slope direction is found according to the slope and water flow direction, and the thickness range of the insulation layer is determined. This step ensures that the insulation layer can effectively prevent heat loss while meeting the waterproof and fire prevention requirements. An exhaust duct is set on the roof. The vertical and horizontal spacing of the exhaust duct is not more than 6 meters. The function of the exhaust duct is to form an air circulation channel inside the insulation layer to avoid internal pressure accumulation caused by temperature changes. A set of 30 thick hydrophobic rock wool A-level fire isolation belts are used for laying and Two groups of 50mm thick hydrophobic rock wool A-class fireproof isolation belts are set above it. This multi-layer structure improves the thermal insulation effect and fire resistance. The 30mm thick hydrophobic rock wool A-class fireproof isolation belt and the 50mm thick hydrophobic rock wool A-class fireproof isolation belt are fixed together using a built-in exhaust pipe network. This fixing method not only enhances the structural property of the insulation layer, but also provides an effective exhaust path to ensure smooth internal air circulation. The exhaust pipe network not only enhances the structural property of the insulation layer, but also provides an effective exhaust path. After laying, a comprehensive inspection and necessary testing are carried out to ensure that the insulation layer and the exhaust system are installed correctly and work properly.

[0036] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 In step S3, during the construction process, it is necessary to ensure that the insulation layer is laid evenly, tightly, and without gaps. After the construction is completed, the heat loss of the roof insulation layer is calculated and the insulation effect of the insulation layer is evaluated by the formula. The calculation formula is as follows: Among them, T1 is the temperature inside the insulation layer; T2 is the ambient temperature outside the insulation layer; K is the thermal conductivity of the insulation material used; A is the heat transfer area; d is the actual thickness of the insulation layer.

[0037] Specifically, the calculation of heat loss is divided into the following steps: S1. Determine the insulation material: select a suitable insulation material and obtain the thermal conductivity K of the material; S2. Determine the thickness of the insulation layer: Determine the thickness d of the insulation layer according to the insulation requirements and budget of the building; S3. Calculate thermal resistance: Use the above formula to calculate the thermal resistance Q of the insulation layer; S4. Verify thermal resistance: Ensure that the calculated thermal resistance meets the requirements of local building codes and energy-saving standards. The insulation loss can be calculated by multiplying the heat flow by time, that is: L = Qt, where L represents the insulation loss and t represents time. In actual applications, other factors may need to be considered, such as the layout of the insulation layer, whether there is a thermal bridge effect, etc. These factors may affect the actual heat loss. Combine these data to evaluate the insulation effect of the insulation layer, and record all key data and inspection results in detail, and prepare corresponding construction reports to provide a reference for subsequent maintenance and management.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 In step S4, ensure that there is no water accumulation on the surface of the base layer after cleaning, and use an additional layer of roll material to enhance the detailed structural parts. The detailed structural parts include but are not limited to: corners, penetrating components, and post-cast strips. Pre-lay the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof roll material on the base layer, and the longitudinal overlap width is generally 50mm. Then, only the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof roll material around the overall waterproof layer is fully adhered, and the overlap seams are welded. The horizontal butt treatment is adopted, and the overlap is covered with a composite roll material with a width of 200 to 250mm and welded.

[0039] Specifically, before the waterproof layer is constructed, ensure that the surface of the base is clean, dry, and free of water and debris. Use tools to clean the base thoroughly, grind and repair it when necessary, and perform special treatment on the detailed structural parts such as the corners, penetrating components, and post-casting strips. Use additional layers of roll materials to enhance these parts to ensure the integrity and sealing of the waterproof layer, and pre-lay the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof roll materials on the base. The longitudinal overlap width is generally 50mm to ensure the close fit and seamless connection between the roll materials. Only the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof roll materials around the overall waterproof layer are fully bonded, and the overlap seams are welded. The horizontal butt treatment is used to ensure the continuity and sealing of the waterproof layer. After completing the above steps, the overlapped part is covered with a composite roll material with a width of 200 to 250 mm and welded. This measure further enhances the sealing performance and durability of the waterproof layer. After completing all construction steps, a comprehensive inspection and necessary tests are carried out to ensure that the waterproof layer is installed correctly and works properly. Pay special attention to checking the sealing of the lap joints and the overall waterproofing effect, record all key data and inspection results in detail, and prepare corresponding construction reports to provide a reference for subsequent maintenance and management.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4In step S4, the welded lap joint is fully baked with a hot melt lap edge banding machine on the bottom surface of the upper coil and the upper surface of the lower coil to ensure that the asphalt between the coils at the lap joint is densely fused and forms a homogeneous asphalt strip with a width of about 5-8 mm. After the welded lap joint is completed, a water storage test is performed on the base surface.

[0041] Specifically, ensure that all necessary materials and tools are ready. The waterproof materials used are environmentally friendly materials that meet the requirements of modern buildings for environmental protection and health, including double-sided self-adhesive waterproof membranes, composite membranes, hot-melt lap edge banding machines and related fixing tools. According to the design requirements, the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof membranes are pre-laid on the base layer, and the longitudinal lap width is generally 50mm. Then, only the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof membranes around the overall waterproof layer are fully bonded and the lap seams are welded. The horizontal butt treatment is adopted, and the lap and welding are covered with 200-250mm wide composite membranes. The asphalt coating layer on the bottom surface of the upper membrane and the upper surface of the lower membrane is fully baked using a hot-melt lap edge banding machine. Ensure that the asphalt between the membranes at the overlap is densely fused and forms a homogeneous asphalt strip with a width of about 5-8mm. This step ensures the sealing and durability of the waterproof layer. After the welding of the lap seams is completed, the base surface is tested for water storage. Check the sealing performance and overall effect of the waterproof layer to ensure that no leakage occurs. Adjustments and repairs are made when necessary to ensure that the design requirements are met. Through meticulous base cleaning and detailed structural processing, the integrity and sealing of the waterproof layer are ensured to effectively prevent moisture penetration.

[0042] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 In step S5, after cleaning the roof to ensure that the surface is smooth and free of debris, use a line-drawing tool to draw grid lines to ensure that the lines are clear and smooth, set gray cakes on the roof as reference points for controlling elevation and thickness, and paste the grid strips on the roof according to the drawn grid lines. Then, mix cement mortar or fine stone concrete according to the designed proportion to ensure that the mixing is uniform and there is no agglomeration. Spread the mixed cement mortar or fine stone concrete evenly on the roof, use a scraper or trowel to initially smooth it, press a steel mesh on the spread cement mortar or fine stone concrete, and use a trowel to smooth and calender the surface of the protective layer to ensure that the surface is flat and smooth.

[0043] Specifically, clean the roof thoroughly to ensure that the surface is smooth and free of debris, use brooms, hair dryers and other tools to remove dust, debris and water, use line-drawing tools to draw out the dividing lines, and ensure that the lines are clear and smooth. This step provides clear guidance and boundaries for subsequent processes, and sets ash cakes on the roof as reference points for controlling elevation and thickness. These ash cakes help ensure that the thickness of the protective layer is consistent and meets the design requirements. Place a certain amount of mortar at a determined location, and use a scraper or trowel to compact and level it to form ash cakes, ensuring that the top height of the ash cake matches the thickness of the protective layer required by the design. After setting the ash cakes, use a level or ruler to check the height of the top to ensure that the top height of all ash cakes is consistent and meets the design requirements. If necessary, adjust and re-level. In order to prevent the ash cakes from moving or being damaged during subsequent construction, you can use lightweight materials (such as pebbles or bricks) to gently press on the ash cakes to keep them stable, and then The strips are pasted on the roof according to the marked dividing lines. The setting of the dividing strips helps to prevent the cement mortar or fine stone concrete from flowing during the construction process and ensure the construction quality. The cement mortar or fine stone concrete is mixed according to the designed proportion to ensure that the mixing is even and there is no lumps. This step is the key to ensure the strength and durability of the protective layer. The mixed cement mortar or fine stone concrete is evenly spread on the roof, and it is initially smoothed with a scraper or trowel to ensure that the material is evenly distributed and the thickness is consistent. The steel mesh is pressed into the spread cement mortar or fine stone concrete. The steel mesh enhances the overall structure and crack resistance of the protective layer. The surface of the protective layer is smoothed and polished with a trowel to ensure that the surface is flat and smooth. This step not only improves the appearance quality of the protective layer, but also enhances its wear resistance and impermeability. After completing all construction steps, conduct a comprehensive inspection and necessary tests to ensure that the protective layer is installed correctly and works properly, paying special attention to checking the thickness, strength and surface flatness.

[0044] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 5 In step S5, after the construction of the protective layer is completed, cement mortar or fine stone concrete is used to fill and level the detailed structures on the roof. The detailed structures include but are not limited to: pipe roots, parapets, gutters, and eaves gutters. At the same time, the paved cement mortar or fine stone concrete is maintained to keep it moist to prevent cracking. The maintenance time is not less than 7 days. After the maintenance is completed, the partition joints are filled with caulking material to ensure tight sealing and no leakage.

[0045] Specifically, clean up the debris and dust on the roof, ensure that the detailed construction area is clean and free of debris, check the flatness of the roof, mark the areas that need to be filled or leveled, mix cement mortar or fine stone concrete on site according to the area and depth that needs to be filled, and ensure that the mixing ratio meets the design requirements to ensure the final strength and durability, use a shovel or other tools to spread the cement mortar or fine stone concrete on the marked areas, and for detailed structures such as pipe roots, parapets, gutters, eaves gutters, etc., pay special attention to ensure that sufficient material is filled and that the shape meets the design requirements, and use tools such as trowels or levels. Tools should be used to ensure the flatness of the surface. After filling and leveling, start maintenance work immediately. Keep the cement mortar or fine stone concrete moist by spraying water or covering with wet cloth regularly to prevent cracking caused by rapid evaporation of water. Ensure that the maintenance time is not less than 7 days. After maintenance, check whether there are cracks or unfilled gaps. Use suitable fillers such as sealants and waterproof glue to fill the partition joints and other gaps found. Ensure that the fillers are evenly filled, tightly sealed and leak-free. During and after the construction, carry out quality inspections to ensure that all detailed structures are properly handled in accordance with the specified standards.

[0046] The implementation principle of the embodiment of the present application is as follows: Detailed measurement and layout work is carried out before construction to ensure that the position of each node is accurate. Accurately measure and mark the elevations of key roof components, such as roof panels, purlins, rafters, etc. Pay special attention to the elevation control of node details to ensure that these key components are strictly controlled in accordance with the design requirements. According to the design drawings and construction requirements, use ink fountains and other line-drawing devices on the roof to pop out the position line of the lookout board. According to the lines that have been drawn, cut and process the wood to make the required lookout board size and shape. Use nails or screws to fix the lookout board to the roof to ensure that its position is accurate and firm. Then, thoroughly clean the surface of the cast-in-place concrete structure layer to ensure that there are no debris that affects subsequent processes. After the slope layer is constructed, plug and fix the protruding roof components. After completing the above steps, lay the insulation layer and install the built-in net to enhance the insulation effect. Apply the base treatment agent to ensure the base Clean and flat, lay the roll material, and bond and seal the overlap of the roll material to ensure the integrity and sealing of the waterproof layer. Clean and repair the roof to ensure that the surface is smooth and crack-free. According to the design requirements, choose appropriate protective layer materials and steel mesh to lay on the roof, and compact and smooth it with tools. Maintain the protective layer and keep it moist to prevent cracking. The maintenance time is not less than 7 days. After the maintenance is completed, fill the partition joints with caulking materials to ensure tight sealing and no leakage. Through the above detailed implementation methods and construction process details, it can ensure that the new process of the traditional roof of antique buildings meets high standards of construction quality and performance requirements, and provide long-term and effective protection and aesthetic effects for the building. Through the construction of the roof of antique buildings in this project, valuable experience summaries have been accumulated for similar projects in the future, improving construction quality, reducing building energy consumption, improving construction efficiency, and ensuring construction safety. Corresponding measures can be formulated in a targeted manner to reduce construction risks.

[0047] The embodiments of this specific implementation are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. The same components are represented by the same figure marks. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A traditional roof construction process for antique buildings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Construction preparation: Detailed measurement and layout work shall be carried out before construction, and the elevation of each detail of the roof shall be strictly controlled; S2. Construction of wooden structure lookout board: according to the design drawings and construction requirements, the position line of the lookout board is popped out on the roof, and the wood is cut and processed according to the popped lines to make the required lookout board size and shape, and the lookout board is fixed on the roof with nails or screws; S3, insulation layer construction: clean the surface of the cast-in-place concrete structure layer, then carry out the slope construction, plug the holes and fix the protruding roof components, and after completion, lay the insulation layer and install the built-in net; S4. Waterproof layer construction: Apply the base treatment agent, then lay the roll material, and bond and seal the overlap of the roll material; S5. Construction of protective layer: Clean and repair the roof, select appropriate protective layer materials and steel mesh according to design requirements and lay them on the roof, compact and smooth them with tools, and maintain the protective layer.

2. The traditional roof construction process of an antique building according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S1, the measurement and layout work needs to ensure that the position of each node is accurate, and the elevation of the key roof components is accurately measured and marked. The key components include but are not limited to: roof panels, purlins, and rafters. At the same time, special attention is paid to the control of elevation in the node detail processing. The elevation of these key components is strictly controlled according to the design requirements.

3. The traditional roof construction process of an antique building according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S2, the wood is soaked or sprayed with a special wood flame retardant, and the wood is pressurized with an aqueous solution of an environmentally friendly preservative to allow the preservative to penetrate into the wood. The spacing between the roof panels should be kept consistent and controlled at 30-50 cm.

4. The construction process of a traditional roof of an antique building according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, after the cleaning is completed, the roof slope direction is found according to the designed slope and water flow direction, the thickness range of the insulation layer is determined, and an exhaust duct is set at the same time. The vertical and horizontal spacing of the exhaust duct is not more than 6m. The subsequent laying of the insulation layer uses a group of 30 thick hydrophobic rock wool A-level fire isolation belts, and two groups of 50 thick hydrophobic rock wool A-level fire isolation belts are arranged above the 30 thick hydrophobic rock wool A-level fire isolation belts, and the 30 thick hydrophobic rock wool A-level fire isolation belts and the 50 thick hydrophobic rock wool A-level fire isolation belts are fixed by a built-in exhaust pipe network.

5. The construction process of traditional roof of antique building according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S3, during the construction process, it is necessary to ensure that the insulation layer is laid evenly, tightly, and without gaps. After the construction is completed, the heat loss of the roof insulation layer is calculated, and the insulation effect of the insulation layer is evaluated by calculation using the formula. The calculation formula is as follows: Among them, T1 is the temperature inside the insulation layer; T2 is the ambient temperature outside the insulation layer; K is the thermal conductivity of the insulation material used; A is the heat transfer area; d is the actual thickness of the insulation layer.

6. The construction process of a traditional roof of an antique building according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, ensure that there is no water accumulation on the surface of the base layer after cleaning, and use an additional layer of roll material to enhance the detailed structural parts. The detailed structural parts include but are not limited to: corners, penetrating components, and post-cast strips. The double-sided self-adhesive waterproof roll material is pre-laid on the base layer, and the longitudinal overlap width is generally 50 mm. Then, only the double-sided self-adhesive waterproof roll material around the overall waterproof layer is fully adhered, and the overlap seams are welded. The horizontal connection is butt-jointed, and a composite roll material with a width of 200 to 250 mm is used to cover the overlap and weld.

7. The construction process of a traditional roof of an antique building according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S4, the welded lap joint is fully baked with a hot melt lap edge banding machine to fully bake the asphalt coating layer on the bottom surface of the upper coil and the upper surface of the lower coil to ensure that the asphalt between the coils at the lap joint is densely fused and forms a homogeneous asphalt strip with a width of about 5-8 mm. After completing the welded lap joint, a water storage test is performed on the base surface.

8. The construction process of a traditional roof of an antique building according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, after cleaning the roof to ensure that the surface is smooth and free of debris, use a line-drawing tool to draw grid lines to ensure that the lines are clear and straight, set gray cakes on the roof as reference points for controlling the elevation and thickness, and stick the grid strips on the roof according to the drawn grid lines. Then, mix the cement mortar or fine stone concrete according to the designed proportions to ensure that the mixing is even and there is no lumps. Spread the mixed cement mortar or fine stone concrete evenly on the roof, smooth it with a scraper or trowel, press a steel mesh onto the spread cement mortar or fine stone concrete, and use a trowel to smooth and polish the surface of the protective layer to ensure that the surface is flat and smooth.

9. The construction process of traditional roof of antique building according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, after the construction of the protective layer is completed, cement mortar or fine stone concrete is used to fill and level the detailed structures on the roof. The detailed structures include but are not limited to: pipe roots, parapets, gutters, and eaves gutters. At the same time, the spread cement mortar or fine stone concrete is maintained to keep it moist to prevent cracking. The maintenance time is not less than 7 days. After the maintenance is completed, filler is used to fill the partition joints to ensure tight sealing and no leakage.

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