Force measuring device and detection method for excavability of rock soil

Abstract

The invention relates to a force measuring device for excavability of rock soil. The force measuring device comprises double hydraulic oil cylinders, a base, a hydraulic oil cylinder connecting assembly, an angle pointer, a hydraulic station and an excavator. The base and the excavator are jointly arranged on a rock-soil layer, and the two ends of the double hydraulic oil cylinders are connected with the base and the excavator through the hydraulic oil cylinder connecting assemblies respectively. The angle pointer is arranged on the base; the hydraulic station is connected with the double hydraulic oil cylinders and used for providing power. The base comprises bottom channel steel, a plurality of pieces of connecting steel and inclined steel; the bottom channel steel is connected with the multiple pieces of connecting steel, the upper ends of the multiple pieces of connecting steel are connected with the inclined steel, and the upper end of the inclined steel is connected with the double hydraulic oil cylinders. The invention aims to overcome the existing defects, and provides the force measuring device and the detection method for the excavability of the rock soil, so that the scientificity and the accuracy of engineering geological investigation are further improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a force measuring device and a detection method for rock and soil excavability. Background Art

[0002] Geotechnical engineering is a general term for any kind of rock and soil that make up the earth's crust from the perspective of engineering construction. It is customary to call hard (hard rock) and medium-hard (soft rock) rocks, and to call weakly connected, loosely connected, and soil with special composition, structure, state, and properties.

[0003] Classification by hardness: Hard rock: The standard value of saturated uniaxial compressive strength is greater than 60MPa, and the rock is hard, such as granite, limestone, etc. Harder rock: The standard value of saturated uniaxial compressive strength is between 30-60MPa, and the rock is relatively hard, such as sandstone, shale, etc. Softer rock: The standard value of saturated uniaxial compressive strength is between 15-30MPa, and the rock strength is relatively low, such as mudstone, tuff, etc. Soft rock: The standard value of saturated uniaxial compressive strength is between 5-15MPa, and the rock is relatively soft, such as strongly weathered granite, gneiss, etc. Extremely soft rock: The standard value of saturated uniaxial compressive strength is less than 5MPa, and the rock is very soft, such as silty soil, peat, etc.; The existing engineering geological survey can only conduct qualitative analysis and evaluation on the excavability of rock and soil, but not quantitative analysis and evaluation. This has caused disputes in the engineering industry in terms of quota application and engineering measurement of soft rocks such as mudstone, medium-strong weathered rock, and sandstone. In order to further improve the scientificity and accuracy of engineering geological survey, a force measuring device and detection method for the excavability of rock and soil are proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the existing defects and provide a rock and soil digability measuring device and detection method, which further improves the scientificity and accuracy of engineering geological surveys.

[0005] The technical solution to achieve the above object is: a force measuring device for rock and soil excavability, comprising a double hydraulic cylinder, a base, a hydraulic cylinder connection assembly, an angle pointer, a hydraulic station and an excavator; The base and the excavator are placed together on the rock and soil layer, and the two ends of the dual hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected to the base and the excavator through the hydraulic cylinder connecting assembly; the angle pointer is set on the base; the hydraulic station is connected to the dual hydraulic cylinders for providing power.

[0006] Preferably, the base includes a bottom channel steel, a plurality of connecting steels and an inclined steel; the plurality of connecting steels are connected to the bottom channel steel, the upper ends of the plurality of connecting steels are connected to the inclined steel, and the upper ends of the inclined steels are connected to the dual hydraulic cylinders.

[0007] Preferably, the hydraulic cylinder connecting assembly includes a web, a first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft and a bucket connecting piece; the upper end of the inclined steel is connected to the web, the web is rotatably connected to the first rotating shaft, the first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to one end of the dual hydraulic cylinder, the other end of the dual hydraulic cylinder is rotatably connected to the second rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft is connected to the bucket connecting piece, and the bucket connecting piece is connected to the bucket of the excavator.

[0008] Preferably, the angle pointer is connected to the web.

[0009] A detection method of a force measuring device based on the rock and soil excavability comprises the following steps: Step 1: Operate the excavator to the maximum bucket digging force state, then lower the boom to make the bucket teeth grounded, then lock the boom hydraulic cylinder, and release the connection between the excavator boom hydraulic cylinder and the boom. During the test, the excavator remains turned off, and then set the back pressure and reverse thrust measures of the force measuring device; Step 2: Measure the angle α between the line connecting the bucket tooth to the bucket arm and the boom hinge axis of the excavator in the current state and the vertical direction. Use the total station to measure the coordinates of the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the bucket arm. Calculate the distance d between the two and the angle γ between the line connecting the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator bucket arm and the horizontal line. Read the angle β between the force axis of the hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal line. Then the force arm l of the hydraulic cylinder on the hinge axis of the excavator bucket arm is f =dsin(γ+β), further measure the distance l between the tip of the excavator bucket tooth and the hinge axis of the bucket arm b , it is estimated that the maximum thrust F that can be set for the hydraulic cylinder without adding weight to the excavator, l f is the lever arm of the hydraulic cylinder on the hinge axis of the excavator bucket arm; d is the distance between the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator bucket arm;

[0010] F——When the excavator has no back pressure, the hydraulic cylinder can set the maximum thrust estimate as a reference for setting the initial thrust; G——test excavator weight; l1——Horizontal distance from the arm hinge shaft to the rear drive wheel of the excavator crawler; l2——Horizontal distance from the center of gravity of the excavator to the rear drive wheel of the excavator crawler; l f ——The lever arm of the hydraulic cylinder on the hinge shaft of the excavator bucket arm; l b ——The distance between the tip of the excavator bucket tooth and the hinge axis of the bucket arm; α——The angle between the line connecting the bucket tooth tip and the bucket arm hinge axis and the vertical direction. The value of the initial state α angle should be substituted when calculating the F value; Step 3: Use 0.1 times F as the initial thrust, and after the bucket is stable, measure and record the hydraulic cylinder angle β, stroke, α angle, and bucket penetration depth. Then, set the thrust in equal increments of 0.1F and repeat recording the above values ​​until α=0° or the applied thrust reaches the rated thrust of the force measuring device. Step 4: When the thrust reaches F and the bucket still does not enter the soil effectively or the angle α does not reach 0°, the excavator tilts up. In this case, it is necessary to increase the weight at the hinge shaft of the excavator arm until the situation described in step 3 is reached to end the detection.

[0011] The maximum thrust F exerted by the hydraulic cylinder after steps 3 and 4 max , then for this stratum of rock and soil, the minimum excavation force F required to use this type of bucket to fully excavate this rock and soil layer b Calculate as follows:

[0012] Among them, F b ——The minimum bucket digging force required to excavate the rock and soil layer under test using this type of bucket at full working efficiency; F max - the maximum total thrust applied by the hydraulic cylinder during the test; d – the distance between the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator arm; γ——The angle between the connecting line of the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator arm and the horizontal line; β max ——The maximum reading of the angle between the force axis of the hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal line during the test; l b ——The distance between the tip of the excavator bucket tooth and the hinge axis of the bucket arm; If the maximum thrust F is measured max When α>0°, it indicates that the excavation force required for excavation of this layer of rock and soil has exceeded the range of the force measuring device. Assuming that α>0° at this time, further use of bucket excavation force The ratio of the equipment's working efficiency during excavation to its normal working efficiency is calculated as follows:

[0013] P ——Effectiveness index, which represents the excavation efficiency using the measured excavation force. The larger the P value, the higher the efficiency, and vice versa. The value range of P is [0,0.5); α0——The initial value of the α angle before the test starts; α1——The final value of angle α after the test.

[0014] Note: This formula is used to evaluate excavation efficiency when α1>0° after the test is completed.

[0015] When the α angle reaches 0° during the test, it is considered that the bucket of the same test type is used, and the excavator bucket digging force ≥ F b The excavator model can excavate the rock and soil layer with full efficiency, that is, one shovel can complete the rock and soil cutting within the entire swing arc; If α>0°, it means that at least 2 shovels or more are needed to complete the rock and soil cutting within the entire swing arc during the actual excavation process. The P value calculated according to the formula means the ratio of actual work efficiency to normal work efficiency. The size of the P value represents the machine efficiency under the bucket shape and bucket digging force. The value range of P is [0,0.5).

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the force measuring device and detection method for the digging ability of rock and soil can directly measure the bucket digging force required for direct excavation of various types of clay, sand, and soft rocks of grade 12 and below, and analyze and evaluate the work efficiency of direct excavation of different rock and soil using equipment with different digging forces, effectively solving the problem that in the past, engineering geological surveys could only conduct qualitative analysis and evaluation but not quantitative analysis and evaluation of the digging ability of rock and soil, and helping to solve the judgment disputes in the engineering industry in the application of quotas and engineering measurement of soft rocks such as mudstone, medium-strong weathered rock, and sandstone, further improving the scientificity and accuracy of engineering geological surveys, providing an accurate basis for the selection of rock and soil excavation equipment, and also providing a reference basis for the design of special rock excavation machinery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a force measuring device for rock and soil digging performance according to the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the first state of the force measuring device for rock and soil digging performance according to the present invention; Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Middle partial enlarged picture; Figure 4 2 is a schematic diagram of a second state of the force measuring device for rock and soil digging performance according to the present invention; Figure 5 It is a detection operation schematic diagram of the method for detecting rock and soil excavability using a force measuring device according to the present invention.

[0018] In the figure: 1. double hydraulic cylinder; 2. base; 3. excavator; 4. bottom channel steel; 5. connecting steel; 6. inclined steel; 7. web; 8. first rotating shaft; 9. second rotating shaft; 10. bucket connecting piece. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0020] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] like Figure 1-5 As shown, a force measuring device for rock and soil excavability includes a double hydraulic cylinder 1, a base 2, a hydraulic cylinder connection assembly, an angle pointer, a hydraulic station and an excavator 3; the base 2 and the excavator 3 are placed together on the rock and soil layer, and the two ends of the double hydraulic cylinder 1 are respectively connected to the base 2 and the excavator 3 through the hydraulic cylinder connection assembly; the angle pointer is set on the base 2; the hydraulic station is connected to the double hydraulic cylinder 1 to provide power. The base 2 includes a bottom channel steel 4, a plurality of connecting steels 5 and an inclined steel 6; a plurality of connecting steels 5 are connected to the bottom channel steel 4, the upper ends of the plurality of connecting steels 5 are connected to the inclined steel 6, and the upper ends of the inclined steel 6 are connected to the double hydraulic cylinder 1.

[0022] Specifically, the performance parameters of a single hydraulic cylinder are: double-acting, thrust ≥ 784kN, pulling force ≥ 500kN, stroke: 1.5m~2m; Specifically, the performance parameters of the hydraulic station and control system are as follows: thrust control accuracy ±5%, stroke accuracy ±5%, hydraulic cylinder 0~2m stroke time ≤15min, 0~50Hz variable frequency motor and industrial computer control hydraulic oil delivery, support preset thrust or stroke working mode; Specifically, the base 2 adopts a truss structure, and the overall shape is "wedge-shaped".

[0023] Specifically, the hydraulic cylinder connection assembly includes a web 7, a first rotating shaft 8, a second rotating shaft 9 and a bucket connecting member 10; the upper end of the inclined steel 6 is connected to the web 7, the web 7 is rotatably connected to the first rotating shaft 8, the first rotating shaft 8 is rotatably connected to one end of the double hydraulic cylinder 1, the other end of the double hydraulic cylinder 1 is rotatably connected to the second rotating shaft 9, the second rotating shaft 9 is connected to the bucket connecting member 10, and the bucket connecting member 10 is connected to the bucket of the excavator 3. The angle pointer is connected to the web 7.

[0024] Specifically, the force measuring device and the excavator 3 are connected as a whole to work together. The force measuring device and the excavator 3 must be placed in the rock and soil layer to be tested. The rock and soil layer of the site should be flat, and the ground below the site should remain in its natural original state without any changes in the strata caused by human activities. The model of the excavator 3 is not limited, but the bucket capacity should be selected from one or more levels of 1.5m³~4.6m³ according to the test requirements, and the excavator arm should be the original size, not extended.

[0025] A detection method of a force measuring device based on rock and soil excavability comprises the following steps: Step 1: operate the excavator 3 to make it in the state of maximum bucket digging force, then lower the boom to make the bucket teeth grounded, then lock the boom hydraulic cylinder, and release the connection between the excavator boom hydraulic cylinder and the boom. During the test, the excavator remains in the off state, and then set the back pressure and back thrust measures of the force measuring device; Step 2: Measure the angle α between the line connecting the bucket tooth to the bucket arm and the boom hinge axis of the excavator in the current state and the vertical direction. Use the total station to measure the coordinates of the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the bucket arm. Calculate the distance d between the two and the angle γ between the line connecting the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator bucket arm and the horizontal line. Read the angle β between the force axis of the hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal line. Then the force arm l of the hydraulic cylinder on the hinge axis of the excavator bucket arm is f =dsin(γ+β), further measure the distance l between the tip of the excavator bucket tooth and the hinge axis of the bucket arm b , it is estimated that the maximum thrust F that can be set for the hydraulic cylinder without adding weight to the excavator, and d is the distance between the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator arm;

[0026] F——The estimated maximum thrust of the hydraulic cylinder can be set when the excavator has no back pressure (kN), which is used as a reference for setting the initial thrust; G——weight of the test excavator (kN); l1——Horizontal distance from the bucket arm hinge shaft to the rear driving wheel of the excavator crawler (m); l2——horizontal distance from the center of gravity of the excavator to the rear drive wheel of the excavator crawler (m); l f ——The force arm of the hydraulic cylinder on the hinge axis of the excavator bucket arm (m); l b ——The distance between the tip of the excavator bucket tooth and the hinge axis of the bucket arm (m); d – distance between the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator arm (m); γ——the angle between the connecting line of the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator arm and the horizontal line (°); β——Angle between the force axis of the hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal line (°).

[0027] α——The angle between the line connecting the bucket tooth tip and the boom hinge axis of the excavator and the vertical direction (°). The value of the initial α angle should be substituted when calculating the F value; Step 3: Use 0.1 times F as the initial thrust, and after the bucket is stable, measure and record the hydraulic cylinder angle β, stroke, α angle, and bucket penetration depth. Then, set the thrust in equal increments of 0.1F and repeat recording the above values ​​until α=0° or the applied thrust reaches the rated thrust of the force measuring device. Step 4: When the thrust reaches F and the bucket still does not enter the soil effectively or the angle α does not reach 0°, the excavator tilts up. In this case, it is necessary to increase the weight at the hinge shaft of the excavator arm until the situation described in step 3 is reached to end the detection.

[0028] The maximum thrust F exerted by the hydraulic cylinder after steps 3 and 4 max , then for this stratum of rock and soil, the minimum excavation force F required to use this type of bucket to fully excavate this rock and soil layer b , calculated as follows:

[0029] Among them, F b ——The minimum bucket digging force (kN) required to excavate the rock and soil layer under test using this type of bucket at full working efficiency; F max ——The maximum total thrust applied by the hydraulic cylinder during the test (kN); d——the distance between the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator arm (m); γ——the angle between the connecting line of the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator arm and the horizontal line (°); β max ——The maximum reading of the angle between the force axis of the hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal line during the test (°); l b ——The distance between the tip of the excavator bucket tooth and the hinge axis of the bucket arm (m); If the maximum thrust F is measured max When α>0°, it indicates that the excavation force required for excavation of this layer of rock and soil has exceeded the range of the force measuring device. Assuming that α>0° at this time, further use of bucket excavation force The ratio of the equipment's working efficiency during excavation to its normal working efficiency is calculated as follows:

[0030] P ——Effectiveness index, which represents the excavation efficiency using the measured excavation force. The larger the P value, the higher the efficiency, and vice versa. The value range of P is [0,0.5); α0——the initial value of the α angle before the test starts (°); α1——The final value of the α angle after the test (°).

[0031] Note: This formula is used to evaluate excavation efficiency when α1>0° after the test is completed.

[0032] When the α angle reaches 0° during the test, it is considered that the bucket of the same test type is used, and the excavator bucket digging force ≥ F b The excavator model can excavate the rock and soil layer with full efficiency, that is, one shovel can complete the rock and soil cutting within the entire swing arc; If α>0°, it means that at least 2 shovels or more are needed to complete the rock and soil cutting within the entire swing arc during the actual excavation process. The P value calculated according to the formula means the ratio of actual work efficiency to normal work efficiency. The size of the P value represents the machine efficiency under the bucket shape and bucket digging force. The value range of P is [0,0.5).

[0033] The force measuring device and detection method for rock and soil excavability can directly measure the bucket excavation force required for direct excavation of various types of clay, sand, and soft rocks of grade 12 and below, and analyze and evaluate the work efficiency of direct excavation of different rocks and soils using equipment with different excavation forces. It effectively solves the problem that in the past, engineering geological surveys could only conduct qualitative analysis and evaluation of rock and soil excavability but not quantitative analysis and evaluation. It helps to solve the judgment disputes in the engineering industry in the application of quotas and engineering measurement of soft rocks such as mudstone, medium-to-strong weathered rock, and sandstone, further improve the scientificity and accuracy of engineering geological surveys, provide an accurate basis for the selection of rock and soil excavation equipment, and provide a reference basis for the design of special rock excavation machinery.

[0034] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the above embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A force measuring device for rock and soil excavability, characterized in that: It comprises a double hydraulic cylinder (1), a base (2), a hydraulic cylinder connection assembly, an angle pointer, a hydraulic station and an excavator (3); The base (2) and the excavator (3) are placed together on a rock layer; the two ends of the dual hydraulic cylinder (1) are respectively connected to the base (2) and the excavator (3) via the hydraulic cylinder connection assembly; the angle pointer is arranged on the base (2); and the hydraulic station is connected to the dual hydraulic cylinder (1).

2. The force measuring device for rock and soil excavability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (2) comprises a bottom channel steel (4), a plurality of connecting steels (5) and an inclined steel (6); the bottom channel steel (4) is connected to the plurality of connecting steels (5), the upper ends of the plurality of connecting steels (5) are connected to the inclined steel (6), and the upper ends of the inclined steels (6) are connected to the double hydraulic cylinders (1).

3. The force measuring device for rock and soil excavability according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydraulic cylinder connection assembly comprises a web (7), a first rotating shaft (8), a second rotating shaft (9) and a bucket connecting piece (10); the upper end of the inclined steel (6) is connected to the web (7), the web (7) is rotatably connected to the first rotating shaft (8), the first rotating shaft (8) is rotatably connected to one end of the double hydraulic cylinder (1), the other end of the double hydraulic cylinder (1) is rotatably connected to the second rotating shaft (9), the second rotating shaft (9) is connected to the bucket connecting piece (10), and the bucket connecting piece (10) is connected to the bucket of the excavator (3).

4. The force measuring device for rock and soil excavability according to claim 3, characterized in that: The angle pointer is connected to the web (7).

5. A method for detecting rock and soil excavability based on the force measuring device of claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: operate the excavator (3) to make it in the state of maximum bucket digging force, then lower the boom to make the bucket teeth grounded, then lock the boom hydraulic cylinder, and release the connection between the excavator boom hydraulic cylinder and the boom. During the test, the excavator is kept in the off state, and then the back pressure and back thrust measures of the force measuring device are set; Step 2: Measure the angle α between the line connecting the bucket tooth to the bucket arm and the boom hinge axis of the excavator in the current state and the vertical direction. Use the total station to measure the coordinates of the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the bucket arm. Calculate the distance d between the two and the angle γ between the line connecting the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator bucket arm and the horizontal line. Read the angle β between the force axis of the hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal line. Then the force arm l of the hydraulic cylinder on the hinge axis of the excavator bucket arm is f =dsin(γ+β), further measure the distance l between the tip of the excavator bucket tooth and the hinge axis of the bucket arm b , it is estimated that the maximum thrust F that can be set for the hydraulic cylinder without adding weight to the excavator, and d is the distance between the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator arm; ； F——When the excavator has no back pressure, the hydraulic cylinder can set the maximum thrust estimate as a reference for setting the initial thrust; G——test excavator weight; l1——Horizontal distance from the arm hinge shaft to the rear drive wheel of the excavator crawler; l2——Horizontal distance from the center of gravity of the excavator to the rear drive wheel of the excavator crawler; α——The angle between the line connecting the bucket tooth tip and the boom hinge axis of the excavator and the vertical direction. The value of the α angle in the initial state should be substituted when calculating the F value; Step 3: Use 0.1 times F as the initial thrust, and after the bucket is stable, measure and record the hydraulic cylinder angle β, stroke, α angle, and bucket penetration depth. Then, set the thrust in equal increments of 0.1F and repeat recording the above values ​​until α=0° or the applied thrust reaches the rated thrust of the force measuring device. Step 4: When the thrust reaches F and the bucket still does not enter the soil effectively or the angle α does not reach 0°, the excavator tilts up. In this case, it is necessary to increase the weight at the hinge shaft of the excavator arm until the situation described in step 3 is reached to end the detection.

6. The detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The maximum thrust F exerted by the hydraulic cylinder after steps 3 and 4 max , then for this stratum of rock and soil, the minimum excavation force F required to use this type of bucket to fully excavate this rock and soil layer b , calculated as follows: ； Among them, F b ——The minimum bucket digging force required to dig the rock and soil layer under test using this type of bucket at full working efficiency; F max ——The maximum total thrust applied by the hydraulic cylinder during the test; d – the distance between the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator arm; γ——The angle between the connecting line of the hinge axis of the hydraulic cylinder base and the hinge axis of the excavator arm and the horizontal line; β max ——The maximum reading of the angle between the force axis of the hydraulic cylinder and the horizontal line during the test; l b ——The distance between the tip of the excavator bucket tooth and the hinge axis of the bucket arm; If the maximum thrust F is measured max When α>0°, it indicates that the excavation force required for excavation of this layer of rock and soil has exceeded the measuring range of the force measuring device. Assuming that α>0° at this time, further use of the bucket excavation force The ratio of the equipment's working efficiency during excavation to its normal working efficiency is calculated as follows: ； P ——Effectiveness index, which represents the excavation efficiency using the measured excavation force. The larger the P value, the higher the efficiency, and vice versa. The value range of P is [0,0.5); α0——The initial value of the α angle before the test starts; α1——the final value of the α angle after the test; Note: This formula is used to evaluate excavation efficiency when α1>0° after the test is completed.

7. The detection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the α angle reaches 0° during the test, it is considered that the bucket of the same test type is used, and the excavator bucket digging force ≥ F b The excavator model can excavate the rock and soil layer with full efficiency, that is, one shovel can complete the rock and soil cutting within the entire swing arc; If α>0°, it means that at least 2 shovels or more are needed to complete the rock and soil cutting within the entire swing arc during the actual excavation process. The P value calculated according to the formula means the ratio of actual work efficiency to normal work efficiency. The size of the P value represents the machine efficiency under the bucket shape and bucket digging force. The value range of P is [0,0.5).

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