Construction method of ecological footprint model of forest ecosystem at forest farm scale
By constructing a forest farm-scale forest ecosystem ecological footprint model and calculating the supply and demand of forest ecosystem services, the problem that existing technology is difficult to accurately evaluate the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services on the forest farm scale is solved, and an accurate assessment of the supply capacity of different forest small class services in the forest farm is achieved, providing a scientific basis for forest farm operation and management.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411831777.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-04
AI Technical Summary
When evaluating the forest ecosystem service supply capacity of forest farm-scale forest footprint models, it is difficult to reflect the local ecological carrying capacity characteristics, and it is impossible to accurately evaluate the ecosystem service supply capacity of different forest small classes on the forest farm scale.
By constructing a forest farm-scale forest ecosystem ecological footprint model, calculate the supply and demand of forest ecosystem services, and use equilibrium factors and yield factors to adjust the ecological footprint model, and then evaluate the ecosystem service supply capacity of different forest small classes in the forest farm.
It has achieved an accurate assessment of the service supply capacity of forest ecosystems on the forest farm scale, and can analyze the differences in service supply capacity of different forest classes, providing a scientific basis for forest farm operation and management.
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Figure CN119761852A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention provides a method for constructing an ecological footprint model of a forest ecosystem at a forest farm scale, and belongs to the technical field of ecological assessment. Background Art
[0002] Ecological carrying capacity is an important indicator to measure the degree of utilization of natural resources and the intensity of interference with the ecological environment by human social and economic activities. It is also an important basis for judging regional sustainable development. At present, existing studies on ecological carrying capacity are mostly focused on the material provided by the ecosystem, mainly based on static analysis, and there is little research on ecosystem services, especially regulation and support. In today's highly integrated economy, in rapidly developing economic regions, material supply services are not the shortcoming of ecological carrying capacity. The rapid increase in urban population and serious environmental damage have greatly tested the carrying capacity of ecosystems, especially the regulation and support capacity of large urban ecosystems. The ecological footprint model is currently a widely used ecological carrying capacity research method. In recent years, the traditional ecological footprint method has been continuously improved in terms of regional trade and accounting content according to the regional economic positioning, and a corresponding research area indicator system has been constructed, making the research more systematic, targeted and predictive. At present, the most widely used ecological footprint models include the ecological footprint method based on life cycle assessment, the ecological footprint method based on input-output analysis, the ecological footprint method based on net primary productivity, the ecological footprint method based on energy value, the ecological footprint method based on time series, and the ecological footprint method based on ecosystem services (ESEF). There are two problems with traditional ecological footprint algorithms: (1) equilibrium factors and yield factors mostly use world average values, which cannot reflect the local ecological carrying capacity characteristics; the calculation of equilibrium factors and yield factors based on yearbook data mainly considers the supply provided by the ecosystem, and pays less attention to the regulation and support services provided by the ecosystem; (2) The spatial differences reflected in traditional ecological footprint models are mainly concentrated in land use and land cover. A single land use type performs consistently in a certain area, which cannot reflect the changes in the spatial pattern of the ecological carrying capacity of a single land use type.
[0003] In response to the first problem of the traditional ecological footprint model, there are currently four main research methods: (1) Calculate the equilibrium factor and yield factor based on the biological land products of the study area. This method makes statistical calculations based on the main products of biological productive land, which are more commonly agricultural products, forest products, timber, etc., fully reflecting the differences in product production capacity of different land types. (2) Construct the equilibrium factor and yield factor of the ecological footprint model based on the energy value method. It also constructs the ecological footprint model by statistically analyzing the products of biological productive land, calculating according to the ratio of regional energy value density and national energy value density, analyzing the energy consumption of different products and the energy supply of different resources. (3) The equilibrium factor and yield factor of the ecological footprint model constructed based on the net primary productivity of vegetation. The equilibrium factor of each type of land is calculated based on the net primary productivity of different land use types. This method analyzes the differences in production capacity of different types of land from the perspective of net primary productivity of land, and the research results avoid the subjectivity of product statistics. (4) Construction of ecological footprint equilibrium factor and yield factor based on ecosystem service value. This method studies the ecosystem service value of various land types based on equivalent factors. The equilibrium factor results are no longer limited to the material product production of land, and further reflect the ecosystem service supply capacity of various land use types. It not only reflects the biological product production capacity of farmland, but also further highlights the service supply capacity of forests and waters.
[0004] The above studies have the following problems. The ecological footprint model based on biological land products and energy value method is difficult to avoid the subjective problem of biological product statistics. Moreover, the study area is assumed to be a closed environment. The ecological footprint model is studied based on products to simulate the regional ecological carrying capacity. In modern society with rapid material circulation, there is a division of labor in different regions, and material production is not a limiting factor for regional development. This method is slightly insufficient in reflecting the pressure on the ecological environment. The ecological footprint model based on the net primary productivity of vegetation objectively evaluates the productivity of different lands to a certain extent, but does not consider the self-purification capacity of the ecosystem and the ecological services such as waste absorption. Secondly, the productivity of some ecosystems is not necessarily reflected by net primary productivity, such as water ecosystems. The ecological footprint model based on the value of ecosystem services reflects the differences in the ecosystem service supply capacity of various land types to a certain extent, affirms the advantages of forest ecosystems and water ecosystems in service supply, and also includes the production levels of different lands. However, this method is mainly based on land use / land cover change research, and is used to study the differences in service supply capacity of multiple ecosystem types on a large scale. Its results are greatly affected by land use change and service value accounting. The above methods are used to study multiple ecosystems, with the aim of measuring the biological production capacity or ecosystem service supply capacity of different types of land. There are few studies on a single ecosystem. Existing single studies are mostly conducted on water ecosystems, mainly studying aquatic products, water supply, water pollution and purification services in water areas, which are not applicable to the supply of ecosystem services in other ecosystems.
[0005] As the largest type of ecosystem on land, people's demand for the supply of ecological services of forest ecosystems is gradually equal to the demand for forest products. In megacities, forest ecosystems are mostly public welfare forests, and the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services has become the main demand of cities for forest ecosystems. As the main unit of forest management, forest farms have no permanent residents, so the general ecological footprint model cannot meet the evaluation of forest ecosystem service supply capacity at the forest farm scale. In view of the characteristics of forest ecosystem management, a reasonable ecological footprint model is constructed at the forest farm scale, and the service supply capacity of forest ecosystems is evaluated in forest classes. This lays a theoretical foundation for formulating multifunctional forest management measures for service improvement at the forest class scale, which will help to further improve forest quality and enhance the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services. Summary of the invention
[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for constructing an ecological footprint model of a forest ecosystem at a forest farm scale, so as to realize the evaluation of the ecological service supply capacity of the forest ecosystem at a forest farm scale under the conditions of social and economic activities.
[0007] The construction method of the ecological footprint model of forest ecosystem at the forest farm scale mainly includes the following steps:
[0008] Step 1: Calculation of forest ecosystem services
[0009] Refer to the "Specifications for Assessment of Forest Ecosystem Service Functions (GB / T 38582-2020)" for implementation.
[0010] Step 2: Calculation of equilibrium factors. The equilibrium factor is mainly used to convert the ecosystem service supply capacity of different forest types into a unified and comparable land area. ij The calculation formula is as follows:
[0011]
[0012] In the formula, GT ij The amount of forest ecosystem services provided to forest cluster i; GT i It is the average supply of forest ecosystem service of various forest stands in the study area.
[0013] Step 3: Calculation of yield factor. Different forest types provide different biological production spaces for ecosystem services. The yield factor is mainly used to compare the difference between the supply capacity of i-type forest ecosystem services of different forest stands and the average supply capacity of the same type of services of the forest stands in the administrative district where the forest farm is located. The yield factor in this study is expressed as the ratio of the supply capacity of i-type forest ecosystem services of the forest class j in the forest farm to the average supply capacity of i-type forest ecosystem services of the forest stand in the administrative district where it is located. The calculation formula is:
[0014]
[0015] In the formula, y ij The yield factor of forest ecosystem service i for forest cluster j; GP i is the supply of the i-th forest ecosystem service in the administrative area corresponding to the stand type of the j forest class.
[0016] Step 4: Construction of ecological footprint model. The calculation formula is:
[0017]
[0018] Where, EF j Total per capita ecological footprint of m ecosystem services for j forest classes, ef ij The ecological footprint of the i-th forest ecosystem service in the j-th forest cluster (hm 2 / person); ij The equilibrium factor of the i-th forest ecosystem service of the j forest cluster; c ixThe demand for x consumer goods corresponding to the i-th forest ecosystem service of the forest ecosystem in the administrative area where the forest farm is located; p ix It is the average supply capacity of the forest in the administrative area where the forest farm is located for x consumer goods corresponding to the ith forest ecosystem service.
[0019] Step 5: The calculation formula for ecological carrying capacity is as follows:
[0020]
[0021] In the formula, ECC j Total per capita ecological carrying capacity of m ecosystem services for J forest class, ecc ij The per capita carrying capacity of the i-th forest ecosystem service for the j-th forest group (hm 2 / person); ij The equilibrium factor of the i-th forest ecosystem service of the j-th forest cluster; y ij Yield factor for the i-th forest ecosystem service in forest cluster j. 12% of the land area needs to be deducted from the ecological carrying capacity to maintain biodiversity.
[0022] Step 6: Forest ecosystem service supply and demand balance index (EI) analyzes the supply and demand balance relationship of forest ecosystem services under the premise of average ecosystem service consumption in the administrative area where the forest farm is located. The calculation formula is as follows:
[0023]
[0024]
[0025] ei ij The supply and demand balance index of forest ecosystem service i in forest class j, when ei ij When it is equal to 1, it indicates that the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of forest class j is equal to the average consumption of ecosystem services of its administrative region; when ei ij When it is less than 1, it indicates that the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of forest class j is less than the average consumption of ecosystem services of its administrative region; when ei ij When it is greater than 1, the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of forest class j is greater than the average consumption of ecosystem services of its administrative region.
[0026] EI j is the balance index of supply and demand of forest ecosystem services in forest class j, when EI j When EI is equal to 1, it indicates that the overall supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of small class i and the average consumption of forest ecosystem services in the administrative region are in balance; jWhen EI is less than 1, it indicates that the overall supply capacity of forest ecosystem services in forest class j is in balance with the average consumption of forest ecosystem services in the administrative region to which it belongs. j When it is greater than 1, it indicates that the overall supply capacity of forest ecosystem services in forest class j is greater than the average consumption of forest ecosystem services in the administrative region to which it belongs.
[0027] According to the actual situation of the region, you can set ij and EI j The ratio of 1 fluctuates by 0.15 as the balance area of ecological service supply, that is, 0.85-1.15 is the balance area of ecological service supply in the region; ij and EI j If it is less than or equal to 0.85, it is an ecological surplus area, and if it is greater than or equal to 1.15, it is an ecological deficit area.
[0028] The present invention first calculates the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services at the forest farm scale, combines the average service supply capacity of forest ecosystems in the administrative region where the forest farm is located and the demand for ecological services from social and economic activities, constructs an ecological footprint model at the forest farm scale, and analyzes the differences in the supply capacity of ecosystem services of different forest classes.
[0029] Compared with the existing technology, the technical solution proposed in the present invention can evaluate the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of different forest resource groups at different forest farm scales, objectively assess the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of different forest groups within a forest farm under the current social and economic development form, and provide a basis for the formulation and further improvement of forest management plans. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
[0031] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the supply and demand balance of carbon sequestration services in the forest ecosystem of Jiulongshan Forest Farm according to the embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] The specific technical solution of the present invention is explained in conjunction with embodiments.
[0033] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the construction method of the ecological footprint model of forest ecosystem at the forest farm scale mainly includes the following steps:
[0034] Step 1: Calculation of forest ecosystem services
[0035] Refer to the "Specifications for Forest Ecosystem Service Function Assessment (GB / T38582-2020)" for implementation.
[0036] Step 2: Calculation of equilibrium factors. The equilibrium factor is mainly used to convert the ecosystem service supply capacity of different forest types into a unified and comparable land area. ij The calculation formula is as follows:
[0037]
[0038] In the formula, GT ij The amount of forest ecosystem services provided to forest cluster i; GT i It is the average supply of forest ecosystem service of various forest stands in the study area.
[0039] Step 3: Calculation of yield factor. Different forest types provide different biological production spaces for ecosystem services. The yield factor is mainly used to compare the difference between the supply capacity of i-type forest ecosystem services of different forest stands and the average supply capacity of the same type of services of the forest stands in the administrative district where the forest farm is located. The yield factor in this study is expressed as the ratio of the supply capacity of i-type forest ecosystem services of the forest class j in the forest farm to the average supply capacity of i-type forest ecosystem services of the forest stand in the administrative district where it is located. The calculation formula is:
[0040]
[0041] In the formula, y ij The yield factor of forest ecosystem service i for forest cluster j; GP i is the supply of the i-th forest ecosystem service in the administrative area corresponding to the stand type of the j forest class.
[0042] Step 4: Construction of ecological footprint model. The calculation formula is:
[0043]
[0044] Where, EF j Total per capita ecological footprint of m ecosystem services for forest class j, ef ij Ecological footprint of forest ecosystem services for forest class i (hm 2 / person); ij The equilibrium factor for the i-th forest ecosystem service in the j-th forest cluster; c ix The demand for x consumer goods corresponding to the i-th forest ecosystem service in the administrative area where the forest farm is located; p ix It is the average supply capacity of the forest ecosystem in the administrative area where the forest farm is located for x consumer goods corresponding to i types of forest ecosystem services.
[0045] Step 5: The calculation formula for ecological carrying capacity is as follows:
[0046]
[0047] In the formula, ECC j Total per capita ecological carrying capacity of m ecosystem services for forest class j, ecc ij Per capita carrying capacity of forest ecosystem services of forest class i (hm 2 / person); ij The equilibrium factor of the i-type forest ecosystem service in the j-th forest cluster; y ij Yield factor for forest ecosystem service type i in forest cluster j. 12% of land area is deducted from the ecological carrying capacity to maintain biodiversity.
[0048] Step 6: Forest ecosystem service supply and demand balance index (EI) analyzes the supply and demand balance relationship of forest ecosystem services under the premise of average ecosystem service consumption in the administrative area where the forest farm is located. The calculation formula is as follows:
[0049]
[0050] ei ij The supply and demand balance index of forest ecosystem service i in forest class j, when ei ij When it is equal to 1, it indicates that the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of forest class j is equal to the average consumption of ecosystem services of its administrative region; when ei ij When it is less than 1, it indicates that the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of forest class j is less than the average consumption of ecosystem services of its administrative region; when ei ij When it is greater than 1, the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of forest class j is greater than the average consumption of ecosystem services of its administrative region.
[0051] EI j is the balance index of supply and demand of forest ecosystem services in forest class j, when EI j When EI is equal to 1, it indicates that the overall supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of small class i and the average consumption of forest ecosystem services in the administrative region are in balance; j When EI is less than 1, it indicates that the overall supply capacity of forest ecosystem services in forest class j is in balance with the average consumption of forest ecosystem services in the administrative region to which it belongs. j When it is greater than 1, it indicates that the overall supply capacity of forest ecosystem services in forest class j is greater than the average consumption of forest ecosystem services in the administrative region to which it belongs.
[0052] According to the actual situation of the region, you can set ij and EI jThe ratio of 1 fluctuates by 0.15 as the balance area of ecological service supply, that is, 0.85-1.15 is the balance area of ecological service supply in the region; ij and EI j If it is less than or equal to 0.85, it is an ecological surplus area, and if it is greater than or equal to 1.15, it is an ecological deficit area. Specific implementation method:
[0054] The specific implementation of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0055] This embodiment uses the Jiulongshan Forest Farm in Beijing as the research area and carbon sequestration service as a specific example to illustrate a flow chart of a method for constructing an ecological footprint model of a forest ecosystem at a forest farm scale. Figure 1 As shown, the specific implementation steps of the method for constructing the ecological footprint model of forest ecosystem at the forest farm scale of the present invention are as follows:
[0056] Step 1: Calculation of forest ecosystem services
[0057] Refer to the "Specifications for Forest Ecosystem Service Function Assessment (GB / T38582-2020)" for implementation.
[0058] In this example, taking the forest resource data of Jiulongshan Forest Farm in Mentougou District, Beijing as an example, and referring to the "Forest Ecosystem Service Function Assessment Specification (GB / T38582-2020)", the annual carbon sequestration of the small arbor forest class in Jiulongshan Forest Farm in 2019 was calculated. There are 180 small arbor forest classes in the study area, and the main forest stand types are Pinus tabulaeformis, Platycladus orientalis, Quercus variabilis, Fraxinus chinensis, Ulmus pumila, etc., involving most of the main tree species in Beijing.
[0059] Step 2: Calculation of equilibrium factor. The equilibrium factor is mainly used to convert the carbon sequestration service supply capacity of different forest types into a unified and comparable land area. ij The calculation formula is as follows:
[0060]
[0061] In the formula, GT ij The amount of forest ecosystem services provided to forest cluster i; GT i It is the average supply of forest ecosystem service of various forest stands in the study area.
[0062] In this example, based on the annual carbon fixation results of each arbor forest class in Jiulongshan Forest Farm calculated in step 1, the balance factor of each arbor forest class in Jiulongshan Forest Farm is calculated using the formula in step 2, as follows: Figure 2 shown.
[0063] Step 3: Calculation of yield factor. Different forest types provide different biological production spaces for ecosystem services. The yield factor is mainly used to compare the difference between the supply capacity of i-type forest ecosystem services of different forest stands and the average supply capacity of the same type of services of the forest stands in the administrative district where the forest farm is located. The yield factor in this study is expressed as the ratio of the supply capacity of i-type forest ecosystem services of the forest class j in the forest farm to the average supply capacity of i-type forest ecosystem services of the forest stand in the administrative district where it is located. The calculation formula is:
[0064]
[0065] In the formula, y ij The yield factor of forest ecosystem service i for forest cluster j; GP i is the supply of the i-th forest ecosystem service in the administrative area corresponding to the stand type of the j forest class.
[0066] In this implementation example, based on the annual carbon sequestration results of the arbor forest sub-class and the 2019 carbon sequestration results of different forest stands of Beijing's forest ecosystem, the yield factor of each sub-class of the arbor forest in Jiulongshan Forest Farm is calculated according to the formula in step 3.
[0067] Step 4: Construction of ecological footprint model. The calculation formula is:
[0068]
[0069] Where, EF j Total per capita ecological footprint of m ecosystem services for forest class j, ef ij Ecological footprint of forest ecosystem services for forest class i (hm 2 / person); ij The equilibrium factor for the i-th forest ecosystem service in the j-th forest cluster; c ix The demand for x consumer goods corresponding to the i-th forest ecosystem service in the administrative area where the forest farm is located; p ix It is the average supply capacity of the forest ecosystem in the administrative area where the forest farm is located for x consumer goods corresponding to i types of forest ecosystem services.
[0070] In this embodiment, the social average demand for carbon sequestration services is calculated based on Beijing’s 2019 per capita GDP and per capita living carbon emissions data. Combined with Beijing’s 2019 per capita annual forest carbon sequestration supply capacity, the per capita ecological footprint of each forest class in Jiulongshan Forest Farm is calculated.
[0071] Step 5: The calculation formula for ecological carrying capacity is as follows:
[0072]
[0073] In the formula, ECC j Total per capita ecological carrying capacity of m ecosystem services for forest class j, ecc ij Per capita carrying capacity of forest ecosystem services of forest class i (hm 2 / person); ij The equilibrium factor of the i-type forest ecosystem service in the j-th forest cluster; y ij Yield factor for forest ecosystem service type i in forest cluster j. 12% of land area is deducted from the ecological carrying capacity to maintain biodiversity.
[0074] In this implementation example, based on the balance factor and yield factor of each arbor forest cluster in steps 2 and 3, the per capita ecological carrying capacity of each arbor forest cluster is calculated according to step 5.
[0075] Step 6: Forest ecosystem service supply and demand balance index (EI) analyzes the supply and demand balance relationship of forest ecosystem services under the premise of average ecosystem service consumption in the administrative area where the forest farm is located. The calculation formula is as follows:
[0076]
[0077] ei ij The supply and demand balance index of forest ecosystem service i in forest class j, when ei ij When it is equal to 1, it indicates that the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of forest class j is equal to the average consumption of ecosystem services of its administrative region; when ei ij When it is less than 1, it indicates that the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of forest class j is less than the average consumption of ecosystem services of its administrative region; when ei ij When it is greater than 1, the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of forest class j is greater than the average consumption of ecosystem services of its administrative region.
[0078] EI j is the balance index of supply and demand of forest ecosystem services in forest class j, when EI j When EI is equal to 1, it indicates that the overall supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of small class i and the average consumption of forest ecosystem services in the administrative region are in balance; j When EI is less than 1, it indicates that the overall supply capacity of forest ecosystem services in forest class j is in balance with the average consumption of forest ecosystem services in the administrative region to which it belongs. j When it is greater than 1, it indicates that the overall supply capacity of forest ecosystem services in forest class j is greater than the average consumption of forest ecosystem services in the administrative region to which it belongs.
[0079] According to the actual situation of the region, you can set ij and EI j The ratio of 1 fluctuates by 0.15 as the balance area of ecological service supply, that is, 0.85-1.15 is the balance area of ecological service supply in the region; ij and EI j If it is less than or equal to 0.85, it is an ecological surplus area, and if it is greater than or equal to 1.15, it is an ecological deficit area.
[0080] In this embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown in Figure 2, taking the supply capacity and social average demand for carbon sequestration services in Jiulongshan Forest Farm as an example, the per capita ecological footprint and per capita ecological carrying capacity of each arbor forest class in Jiulongshan Forest Farm were calculated based on steps 4 and 5. The spatial pattern distribution results of the supply and demand of carbon sequestration services in each forest class in Jiulongshan Forest Farm were obtained according to step 6. Figure 1 . With the continuous improvement of forest management in the forest farm, the carbon sequestration service of the forest ecosystem in Jiulongshan Forest Farm is mainly ecological surplus, and some deficit areas exist in the small pine and oak forests with poor site conditions, with problems such as thin soil layer, low forest density, and steep slope. There is no permanent population in the Jiulongshan Forest Farm area. This result measures the carbon sequestration service supply capacity of the forest ecosystem in Jiulongshan Forest Farm based on the supply and consumption of forest carbon sequestration services in Beijing, and reasonably reflects the differences in carbon sequestration service supply capacity of different forest resources in Jiulongshan Forest Farm. The existing internationally used equilibrium factors and yield factors are mostly 1 value, which cannot reflect the differences in the service supply capacity of forest resources in the forest farm. Therefore, the method for constructing an ecological footprint model of a forest ecosystem at a forest farm scale proposed in the present invention is more suitable for constructing a forest farm-scale ecological footprint model based on forest ecosystem services, and analyzing the spatial differences in the ecosystem service supply capacity of forest resources in the forest farm. The method is accurate, reliable and effective.
[0081] The technical solution proposed in this invention first calculates the forest ecosystem services of different forest resource classes based on forest resource data, and then constructs a balance factor based on the average capacity of forest ecosystem service supply in the forest farm, and constructs a yield factor based on the average service supply capacity of the forest ecosystem in the administrative district where the forest farm is located. Combined with the consumption of services in the administrative district, an ecological footprint model is constructed to analyze the service supply capacity of the forest classes in the forest farm. The research results are analyzed according to the actual situation of Jiulongshan Forest Farm, and it is believed that the research results are accurate and reliable, and can reasonably evaluate the differences in the forest ecosystem service supply capacity in the forest farm, which has great reference value for the formulation of forest management plans.
Claims
1. A method for constructing an ecological footprint model of a forest ecosystem at a forest farm scale, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Calculation of forest ecosystem services; Step 2: Calculation of the equilibrium factor; Step 3: Calculation of yield factor; Step 4: Construction of ecological footprint model; Step 5: Calculate ecological carrying capacity; Step 6: The forest ecosystem service supply and demand balance index (EI) analyzes the supply and demand balance of forest ecosystem services under the premise of the average ecosystem service consumption in the administrative area where the forest farm is located.
2. The method for constructing a field-scale forest ecosystem ecological footprint model according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, the equalization factor r ij The calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, GT ij The amount of forest ecosystem service provided to forest cluster i; GT i It is the average supply of forest ecosystem service of various forest stands in the study area.
3. The method for constructing an ecological footprint model of a forest ecosystem at a forest farm scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the yield factor is used to compare the difference between the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of different forest stands and the average supply capacity of the same service of the forest stands in the administrative region where the forest farm is located; the yield factor is expressed by the ratio of the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of forest sub-group i of the forest farm to the average supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of the forest stands in the administrative region where the forest farm is located; The calculation formula is: In the formula, y ij The yield factor of forest ecosystem service i for forest cluster j; GP i is the supply of the i-th forest ecosystem service in the administrative area corresponding to the stand type of the j forest class.
4. The method for constructing an ecological footprint model of a forest ecosystem at a forest farm scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the ecological footprint model is constructed; the calculation formula is: Where, EF j is the total per capita ecological footprint of the forest class, ef ij Ecological footprint of i forest ecosystem services in j forest clusters; r ij The equilibrium factor of forest ecosystem services of type i in forest cluster j; c ix The demand for x consumer goods corresponding to the i-type forest ecosystem service in the administrative area where the forest farm is located; p ix is the average supply capacity of the forest in the administrative area where the forest farm is located for i types of forest ecosystem services corresponding to x consumer goods.
5. The method for constructing an ecological footprint model of a forest ecosystem at a forest farm scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the ecological carrying capacity calculation formula is as follows: In the formula, ECC j is the total per capita ecological carrying capacity of the J forest class, ecc ij The per capita carrying capacity of forest ecosystem services of type i in forest cluster j; r ij The equilibrium factor of the i-type forest ecosystem service in the j-th forest cluster; y ij Yield factor of forest ecosystem service i for forest cluster j.
6. The method for constructing an ecological footprint model of a forest ecosystem at a forest farm scale according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 6, the calculation formula is as follows: ei ij The supply and demand balance index of forest ecosystem service i in forest class j, when ei ij When it is equal to 1, it indicates that the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of forest class j is equal to the average consumption of ecosystem services of its administrative region; when ei ij When it is less than 1, it indicates that the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of forest class j is less than the average consumption of ecosystem services of its administrative region; when ei ij When it is greater than 1, the supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of type i in forest class j is greater than the average consumption of ecosystem services of type i in the administrative region to which it belongs; EI j is the balance index of supply and demand of forest ecosystem services in forest class j, when EI j When EI is equal to 1, it indicates that the overall supply capacity of forest ecosystem services of small class i and the average consumption of forest ecosystem services in the administrative region are in balance; j When EI is less than 1, it indicates that the overall supply capacity of forest ecosystem services in forest class j is in balance with the average consumption of forest ecosystem services in the administrative region to which it belongs. j When it is greater than 1, it indicates that the overall supply capacity of forest ecosystem services in forest class j is greater than the average consumption of forest ecosystem services in the administrative region to which it belongs; According to the actual situation of the region, you can set ij and EI j The ratio of 1 fluctuates by 0.15 as the balance area of ecological service supply, that is, 0.85-1.15 is the balance area of ecological service supply in the region; ei ij and EI j If it is less than or equal to 0.85, it is an ecological surplus area, and if it is greater than or equal to 1.15, it is an ecological deficit area.