Vacuum circuit breaker intelligent speed regulating mechanism based on four-coil structure
By using a four-coil structure intelligent speed regulation mechanism in the vacuum circuit breaker, the magnetic field vector superposition of the opening and closing reaction coil and the opening and closing coil is solved, the impact force problem generated by the dynamic core during the opening and closing process is extended, and the service life of the vacuum circuit breaker is reduced and maintenance costs are reduced.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510005157.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-04
AI Technical Summary
During the process of closing and closing of the vacuum circuit breaker, the moving iron core moves downward or upward due to magnetic force, resulting in huge impact on the operating mechanism, contacts and other components, reducing the life of the vacuum circuit breaker and increasing the failure rate of the equipment and repair costs.
Using an intelligent speed regulation mechanism based on a four-coil structure, the principle of different magnetic field directions of the opening and closing reaction coil and the opening and closing coil are different, vector superposition and partial offset, so as to buffer the moving iron core when moving towards the opening and closing direction, thereby extending the service life of the vacuum circuit breaker.
Effectively buffer the movement speed of the iron core, reduce the impact force on the contacts and operating mechanism, protect the vacuum circuit breaker components, extend the service life, and reduce maintenance costs and failure rates.
Smart Images
Figure CN119764082A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of linear vacuum circuit breakers and relates to an intelligent speed regulating mechanism of a vacuum circuit breaker based on a four-coil structure. Background Art
[0002] Existing technology 1: Mechanical buffering is a commonly used protective device. For example, an innovative technology is proposed to set a buffer pad between the static iron core and the shell of the vacuum circuit breaker operating mechanism to play a buffering role, solving the problem that the closing speed at the closing end is too fast, which will cause impact on the moving iron core, static contacts and transmission components, seriously affecting the service life of the vacuum circuit breaker.
[0003] Disadvantages: This technology uses mechanical buffering, which is greatly affected by the aging of the buffer material and the number of times it is used.
[0004] Existing technology 2: The bistable permanent magnetic operating mechanism is a commonly used mechanical device with few parts and high reliability. For example, an innovative technology is proposed, in which an auxiliary coil for opening and closing is added to the traditional bistable permanent magnetic operating mechanism of a vacuum circuit breaker. When power is turned on, magnetic lines of force in the same direction as the main coil for opening and closing are generated. When the permanent magnetic mechanism performs opening and closing operations, current is simultaneously passed through the corresponding main and auxiliary coils for opening and closing. When the total number of turns is the same, the form of the main and auxiliary coils is relative to one coil, the inductance in the circuit is smaller, and the current rises faster, so that the circuit breaker contacts obtain a faster closing speed, and the closing time is correspondingly reduced. Compared with other operating mechanisms, a greater opening speed can be obtained.
[0005] Disadvantages: This technology uses an auxiliary coil for opening and closing. The auxiliary coil and the main coil generate magnetic lines of force in the same direction when energized. While achieving a greater opening and closing speed, it also increases the impact force of the moving iron core on the contacts, operating mechanisms and components, resulting in a short mechanical life. Summary of the invention
[0006] During the opening and closing process of the vacuum circuit breaker, the moving iron core of the operating mechanism moves downward or upward due to the magnetic force. Each time the opening and closing operation is performed, the movement of the moving iron core will generate a huge impact force on the operating mechanism, contacts and other components. If the operation is frequent, the life of the vacuum circuit breaker will be reduced, and the failure rate and maintenance cost of the equipment will be increased. The present invention proposes an opening and closing reaction coil, which uses the principle that the opening and closing reaction coil and the opening and closing coil have different magnetic field directions, vector superposition and partial cancellation, so that the moving iron core performs a certain buffering effect when moving in the opening and closing direction, thereby effectively extending the service life of the vacuum circuit breaker.
[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions:
[0008] An intelligent speed regulation mechanism for a vacuum circuit breaker based on a four-coil structure comprises a displacement sensor and a four-coil structure in an operating mechanism for completing intelligent speed regulation, wherein the four-coil structure comprises an opening and closing coil for driving a moving iron core to move in an opening and closing direction and an opening and closing reaction coil for buffering the moving speed of the moving iron core; the opening and closing coil comprises a closing coil and an opening coil; the opening and closing reaction coil comprises a closing reaction coil and an opening reaction coil;
[0009] The moving iron core is sleeved outside the transmission shaft, and the static magnet, the insulating cover, the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber and the insulator are arranged on the operating mechanism in sequence; the whole is arranged on the base.
[0010] The closing coil and closing reaction coil are placed on the upper surface of the permanent magnet in sequence and are mounted outside the moving iron core; the opening coil and opening reaction coil are placed on the lower surface of the permanent magnet in sequence from bottom to top; the closing coil, opening coil, closing reaction coil and opening reaction coil are connected to charging capacitors and powered independently. The displacement sensor is fixed on the outer end of the transmission shaft to realize intelligent speed regulation.
[0011] The current direction of the opening and closing reaction coil in the operating mechanism should be opposite to the current direction of the opening and closing coil.
[0012] The total magnetic force obtained by the moving iron core is calculated by vector superposition and reverse magnetic field cancellation.
[0013] The number of turns of the opening and closing reaction coil should be less than the number of turns of the opening and closing coil.
[0014] The displacement sensor should send out a signal when the moving iron core is about to reach the bottom or top of the opening and closing coil.
[0015] The displacement sensor, control module, and charging capacitor constitute the main circuit of the intelligent speed regulating mechanism.
[0016] A speed regulation method of an intelligent speed regulation mechanism of a vacuum circuit breaker based on a four-coil structure, the steps are as follows:
[0017] Step 1: Fix the displacement sensor on the outer end of the transmission shaft, above the operating mechanism to more conveniently detect the moving position of the moving iron core.
[0018] Step 2: The control module sends a control signal to the charging capacitor, and the charging capacitor energizes the opening coil or the closing coil through the control signal. After the opening coil or the closing coil is energized, the electric field is converted into a magnetic field to drive the moving iron core to move.
[0019] Step 3: After the displacement sensor detects the moving position of the moving iron core, it sends a signal to the control module.
[0020] Step 4: After receiving the signal, the control module sends the control signal again to energize the opening and closing reaction coil through the charging capacitor.
[0021] Step 5: After the opening and closing reaction coil is energized, a magnetic field in the opposite direction to the opening and closing coil is formed, thereby buffering the movement of the moving iron core.
[0022] The movement of the moving iron core is measured by a displacement sensor. When the moving iron core is about to reach the bottom or top of the opening and closing switch, a signal is sent to the control module to energize the opening and closing switch reaction coil through the capacitor. The opening and closing switch reaction coil passes a current in the opposite direction of the opening and closing coil through the capacitor. The direction of the magnetic field generated by the opening and closing switch reaction coil is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field generated by the opening and closing coil. Through the principle of vector superposition, part of the magnetic field is offset. Due to the reduction of acceleration, the moving iron core achieves the purpose of buffering. Due to the reduction of the impact force of the moving iron core, the components are protected and the service life of the vacuum circuit breaker is extended.
[0023] System operation process and functions:
[0024] The IGBT module generates a control signal through the drive module by sending a pulse from the control module. The capacitor needs to be connected to the charging module to store energy. The circuit breaker is used to control the opening and closing of the capacitor charging by the control module. The IGBT module is connected to the capacitor and is responsible for discharging the coil through the control signal. The displacement sensor is used to detect the distance from the moving iron core to the opening and closing coil. When the capacitor discharges the closing coil, the direction of the magnetic field generated by the closing coil will make the moving iron core overcome the holding force during the opening and move in the closing direction. When the moving iron core is close to the top of the closing coil, the displacement sensor transmits the signal to the control module, and the control module sends a signal to energize the closing reaction coil with the capacitor. Because the current direction is opposite to that of the closing coil, a reverse magnetic field is generated, which buffers the moving speed of the moving iron core and reduces the impact force of the moving iron core on the contacts and the operating mechanism when the moving iron core is closed. When the moving iron core moves to the closing position, the transmission shaft sends an upward force to close the moving contact and the static contact in the vacuum interrupter, and the vacuum circuit breaker is in a closed state, and the opening state is the opposite.
[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0026] Buffering the impact force of the moving iron core: Through the displacement sensor and the reaction coil, the moving speed of the moving iron core can be effectively buffered, reducing the impact force of the moving iron core on the contacts and operating mechanism when opening and closing the switch.
[0027] Protect vacuum circuit breaker components: Reduce the risk of damage to other components such as vacuum circuit breaker contacts caused by the impact force of the moving iron core.
[0028] Prolong the service life of vacuum circuit breakers: Due to the effective buffering of the impact force of the moving iron core and the protection of components, the wear and damage of the equipment caused by frequent impacts are reduced, thereby extending the service life of the vacuum circuit breaker, reducing the maintenance cost and replacement frequency of the equipment, and improving the reliability and stability of the equipment operation, which is conducive to the stable operation of the power system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent speed regulation four-coil operating mechanism of the vacuum circuit breaker;
[0030] Figure 2 This is the overall structure diagram of the intelligent speed regulation of the vacuum circuit breaker;
[0031] Figure 3 This is the diagram of the intelligent speed control system of the vacuum circuit breaker.
[0032] In the figure: 1 transmission shaft; 2 static magnet; 3 closing coil; 4 closing reaction coil; 5 permanent magnet; 6 opening reaction coil; 7 opening coil; 8 working air gap; 9 moving iron core; 10 insulating cover; 11 static contact; 12 moving contact; 13 vacuum interrupter; 14 insulator; 15 displacement sensor; 16 operating mechanism; 17 base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] Embodiment 1:
[0034] An intelligent speed regulation mechanism for a vacuum circuit breaker based on a four-coil structure, comprising a displacement sensor 15, and a four-coil structure in an operating mechanism for completing intelligent speed regulation, wherein the four-coil structure comprises an opening and closing coil for driving a moving iron core 9 to move in an opening and closing direction and an opening and closing reaction coil for buffering the moving speed of the moving iron core 9; the opening and closing coil comprises a closing coil 3 and an opening coil 7; and the opening and closing reaction coil comprises a closing reaction coil 4 and an opening reaction coil 6;
[0035] The moving iron core 9 is sleeved outside the transmission shaft 1 , and the static magnet 2 , the insulating cover 10 , the vacuum interrupter and the insulator 14 are sequentially arranged on the operating mechanism 16 ; the whole is arranged on the base 17 .
[0036] The closing coil 3 and closing reaction coil 4 are placed on the upper surface of the permanent magnet 5 in sequence and are mounted outside the moving iron core 9; the opening coil 7 and opening reaction coil 6 are placed on the lower surface of the permanent magnet 5 in sequence from bottom to top; the closing coil 3, opening coil 7, closing reaction coil 4 and opening reaction coil 6 are connected to charging capacitors for independent power supply. The displacement sensor 15 is fixed at the outer end of the transmission shaft 1 to realize intelligent speed regulation.
[0037] The current direction of the opening and closing reaction coil in the operating mechanism 16 should be opposite to the current direction of the opening and closing coil.
[0038] The total magnetic force obtained by the moving iron core 9 is calculated by vector superposition and reverse magnetic field cancellation.
[0039] The number of turns of the opening and closing reaction coil should be less than the number of turns of the opening and closing coil.
[0040] The displacement sensor 15 should send out a signal when the moving iron core 9 is about to reach the bottom or top of the opening and closing coil 3.
[0041] The displacement sensor 15, the control module, and the charging capacitor constitute the main circuit of the intelligent speed regulating mechanism.
[0042] Embodiment 2:
[0043] A speed regulation method of an intelligent speed regulation mechanism of a vacuum circuit breaker based on a four-coil structure, the steps are as follows:
[0044] Step 1: Fix the displacement sensor 15 at the outer end of the transmission shaft 1, above the operating mechanism 16, so as to more conveniently detect the moving position of the moving iron core 9.
[0045] Step 2: The control module sends a control signal to the charging capacitor, and the charging capacitor energizes the opening coil 7 or the closing coil 3 through the control signal. After the opening coil 7 or the closing coil 3 is energized, the electric field is converted into a magnetic field to drive the moving iron core 9 to move.
[0046] Step 3: After the displacement sensor 15 detects the moving position of the moving iron core 9, a signal is sent to the control module.
[0047] Step 4: After receiving the signal, the control module sends the control signal again to energize the opening and closing reaction coil through the charging capacitor.
[0048] Step 5: After the closing and opening reaction coil is energized, a magnetic field in the same direction as the closing and opening coil is formed, thereby providing a buffering force for the movement of the moving iron core 9.
[0049] Embodiment 3:
[0050] Step 1: Select an opening coil, a closing coil, an opening reaction coil and a closing reaction coil respectively, and connect the four charging capacitors to the four capacitor charging control circuit breakers one by one.
[0051] Step 2: Build the vacuum circuit breaker operating mechanism. First, use the power supply to charge the four capacitors. After the capacitors are fully charged, the STM32 microcontroller module sends a control signal to turn off the circuit breaker.
[0052] Step 3: Control the charging of the capacitor via the buttons of the STM32 microcontroller control module to energize the closing coil.
[0053] Step 4: When the closing coil is energized, it takes about 30 seconds for the moving iron core to reach the top of the closing coil. When the moving iron core is about to reach the top of the closing coil at 22 seconds, the displacement sensor sends a signal to the STM32 microcontroller control module, so that the STM32 microcontroller control module controls the charging of the capacitor connected to the closing reaction coil, and then energizes the closing reaction coil.
[0054] Step 5: The magnetic field strength of the closing coil is about 1T. After the closing reaction coil is energized, the magnetic field strength of the closing reaction coil is about 0.2T. The total magnetic field strength received by the moving iron core after the magnetic field direction of the closing coil is offset is about 0.8T.
[0055] Step 6: The moving iron core of the operating mechanism uses a displacement sensor to complete the buffer closing process.
[0056] Step 7: The transmission shaft relies on the force generated by the moving iron core to push the moving contact and the static contact to close. At this point, the vacuum circuit breaker completes the closing process. The entire process uses the reaction coil and displacement sensor to achieve intelligent speed regulation of the vacuum circuit breaker operating mechanism, buffers the force of the moving iron core, and effectively protects the contacts and components of the vacuum circuit breaker.
[0057] The following are the introductions to each component:
[0058] The transmission shaft 1: The force generated when the moving iron core in the operating mechanism moves toward the opening and closing coil needs to be transmitted to the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter through the transmission shaft;
[0059] The static magnet 2 generates sufficient magnetic attraction with the moving iron core to fix it after opening and closing, and also provides certain mechanical support for the entire mechanism and ensures the stability of the system;
[0060] The closing coil 3: When the capacitor energizes the closing coil, the magnetic lines of force generated by the closing coil are consistent with the direction of the permanent magnet, causing the moving iron core to transmit in the direction of the closing coil;
[0061] The closing reaction coil 4: when the capacitor energizes the closing reaction coil, the direction of the magnetic field generated by the closing reaction coil is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field generated by the closing coil, and according to the principle of vector superposition, a partial magnetic field is generated to cancel out, so that the moving iron core moves toward the closing coil;
[0062] The permanent magnet 5 provides a stable opening and closing holding force to the moving iron core;
[0063] The opening reaction coil 6: when the capacitor energizes the opening reaction coil, the direction of the magnetic field generated by the opening reaction coil is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field generated by the opening coil, and according to the principle of vector superposition, partial magnetic field cancellation is generated, so that the moving iron core moves toward the opening coil;
[0064] The opening coil 7: When the capacitor energizes the opening coil, the magnetic lines of force generated by the opening coil are consistent with the direction of the permanent magnet, causing the moving iron core to transmit in the direction of the opening coil;
[0065] The working air gap 8 provides a space for the moving iron core to open and close the switch;
[0066] The moving iron core 9 is used for power transmission of opening and closing, and plays a role in driving the moving contact during the opening and closing process;
[0067] The insulating cover 10 protects the vacuum circuit breaker and isolates it from the outside world.
[0068] The static contact 11 cooperates with the moving contact to conduct electricity and extinguish arcs;
[0069] The moving contact 12 cooperates with the static contact to conduct electricity and extinguish arcs, and realizes the opening and closing functions of the vacuum circuit breaker through the force transmitted by the transmission shaft of the operating mechanism;
[0070] The vacuum interrupter 13 utilizes the excellent insulation of the vacuum in the interrupter to quickly extinguish the arc and suppress the current when the moving contact and the static contact are disconnected;
[0071] The insulator 14 is used to insulate the high voltage components from the ground to prevent current leakage;
[0072] The displacement sensor 15 is used to measure the distance between the moving iron core and the top of the opening and closing coil;
[0073] The operating mechanism 16 cooperates with the vacuum interrupter to control the opening and closing actions of the vacuum circuit breaker through the transmission shaft;
[0074] The base 17 plays the role of mechanical support, heat dissipation and insulation for the vacuum circuit breaker.
Claims
1. An intelligent speed regulating mechanism for a vacuum circuit breaker based on a four-coil structure, characterized in that: It comprises a displacement sensor (15) and a four-coil structure in an operating mechanism (16) for completing intelligent speed regulation, wherein the four-coil structure comprises a closing and opening coil for driving a moving iron core (9) to move in the closing and opening direction and a closing and opening reaction coil for buffering the moving speed of the moving iron core (9); the closing and opening coil comprises a closing coil (3) and an opening coil (7); and the closing and opening reaction coil comprises a closing reaction coil (4) and an opening reaction coil (6); The closing coil (3) and the closing reaction coil (4) are sequentially placed on the upper surface of the permanent magnet (5) and sleeved outside the moving iron core (9); the opening coil (7) and the opening reaction coil (6) are sequentially placed on the lower surface of the permanent magnet (5) from bottom to top; the closing coil (3), the opening coil (7), the closing reaction coil (4) and the opening reaction coil (6) are respectively connected to charging capacitors for independent power supply, and the displacement sensor (15) is fixed on the outer end of the transmission shaft (1); The moving iron core (9) is sleeved outside the transmission shaft (1), and the static magnet (2), the insulating cover (10), the vacuum arc extinguishing chamber and the insulator (14) are sequentially arranged on the operating mechanism (16); and the whole is arranged on the base (17).
2. The intelligent speed regulating mechanism of a vacuum circuit breaker based on a four-coil structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current direction of the opening and closing reaction coil should be opposite to that of the opening and closing coil.
3. The intelligent speed regulating mechanism of a vacuum circuit breaker based on a four-coil structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The number of turns of the opening and closing reaction force coil is less than the number of turns of the opening and closing coil.
4. The intelligent speed regulating mechanism of a vacuum circuit breaker based on a four-coil structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The displacement sensor (15) should send out a signal when the moving iron core (9) is about to reach the bottom or top of the opening and closing coil (3).
5. The intelligent speed regulating mechanism of a vacuum circuit breaker based on a four-coil structure as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The displacement sensor (15) should send out a signal when the moving iron core (9) is about to reach the bottom or top of the opening and closing coil (3).
6. The intelligent speed regulating mechanism of a vacuum circuit breaker based on a four-coil structure as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 5, characterized in that: The total magnetic force obtained by the moving iron core (9) is calculated by vector superposition and reverse magnetic field offset; the displacement sensor (15), the control module and the charging capacitor constitute the main circuit of the intelligent speed regulation mechanism.
7. The intelligent speed regulating mechanism of a vacuum circuit breaker based on a four-coil structure as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The total magnetic force obtained by the moving iron core (9) is calculated by vector superposition and reverse magnetic field offset; the displacement sensor (15), the control module and the charging capacitor constitute the main circuit of the intelligent speed regulation mechanism.
8. The intelligent speed regulating mechanism of a vacuum circuit breaker based on a four-coil structure as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The total magnetic force obtained by the moving iron core (9) is calculated by vector superposition and reverse magnetic field offset; the displacement sensor (15), the control module and the charging capacitor constitute the main circuit of the intelligent speed regulation mechanism.
9. The speed regulating method of the intelligent speed regulating mechanism of a vacuum circuit breaker based on a four-coil structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: Here are the steps: Step 1: Fix the displacement sensor (15) at the outer end of the transmission shaft (1), above the operating mechanism (16) to more conveniently detect the moving position of the moving iron core (9); Step 2: The control module sends a control signal to the charging capacitor, and the charging capacitor energizes the opening coil (7) or the closing coil (3) through the control signal. After the opening coil (7) or the closing coil (3) is energized, the electric field is converted into a magnetic field to drive the moving iron core (9) to move; Step 3: After the displacement sensor (15) detects the moving position of the moving iron core (9), a signal is sent to the control module; Step 4: After receiving the signal, the control module sends a control signal again, and energizes the opening and closing reaction coil again through the charging capacitor; Step 5: After the closing and opening reaction coil is energized, a magnetic field in the opposite direction to the closing and opening coil is formed, thereby providing a buffering force for the movement of the moving iron core (9).