High and low temperature resistant lead-acid storage battery and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high and low temperature resistant lead-acid storage battery and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of lead-acid storage battery, the high and low temperature resistant lead-acid storage battery comprises a main body, a polar plate, a partition plate, a processor and a temperature balance module, the temperature balance module is connected with the processor through wireless transmission, the polar plate is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body, and the partition plate is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body; the upper part of the inner wall of the main body is provided with a processor, and the middle part of the inner wall of the main body is provided with a temperature balance module. By installing the temperature balance module, the lead-acid storage battery is protected in high-temperature and low-temperature environments, the problems that the interior of the lead-acid storage battery swells and deforms in the high-temperature and low-temperature environments, the capacity is reduced, and the reaction speed of the battery is reduced are solved, the discharging efficiency of the lead-acid storage battery can be improved, and the service life of the lead-acid storage battery is prolonged. The performance of the lead-acid storage battery is improved, the service life of the lead-acid storage battery is prolonged, and the reliability of the lead-acid storage battery is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of lead-acid batteries, in particular to a high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Lead-acid battery is a kind of battery made of lead and its oxide, and the electrolyte is sulfuric acid solution. Since its invention, lead-acid battery has made great progress in theoretical research, product types and varieties, and product electrical performance. In recent years, with the enhancement of environmental awareness and the development of new energy, it has regained vitality. Lead-acid battery has high energy density, long life and environmental protection. It is widely used in the field of energy storage, especially in electric vehicles, power storage and solar energy storage. The market demand is increasing day by day. Lead-acid battery is based on the process of converting chemical energy into electrical energy, and is composed of plates, separators and electrolytes. In recent years, the lead-acid battery industry has faced problems such as increasing environmental pressure, overcapacity and low-price competition. With the increasing attention paid to environmental protection around the world, governments of various countries have introduced relevant policies and regulations to promote the green transformation of the lead-acid battery industry. Lead-acid battery occupies an important position in the application of chemical batteries due to its low price, easy availability of materials and high reliability. The defects of lead-acid batteries on the market mainly include short life, easy power loss, large size and weight, environmental pollution and poor temperature resistance. In low-temperature environments, lead-acid batteries will have problems such as slowed internal chemical reaction rate, increased electrolyte viscosity and reduced reaction rate of active substances in the plates. In high-temperature environments, lead-acid batteries will have problems such as accelerated electrolyte diffusion, aggravated plate grid corrosion and increased internal pressure, which will reduce the service life of lead-acid batteries and reduce their performance.

[0003] 1. Patent document CN113193175B discloses a lead-acid battery. The above patent realizes the method of winding the conductive wire on the frame body, and the conductive wire is supported by the frame body, which greatly reduces the metal usage of the conductive wire and the loss of lead raw materials. In addition, the frame body and the supporting ribs are made of acid-corrosion-resistant materials, which can extend the service life. Multiple conductive coil groups are arranged in the frame body at intervals in sequence, which increases the contact area between the conductive wire and the acid. Therefore, the grid can be made thinner and lighter, and the utilization rate of active materials is improved. The battery capacity of the same volume can be made higher, or the active material mass of the battery of the same capacity is less, which improves the weight-to-energy ratio of the battery. However, the above patent cannot realize the function of protecting the lead-acid battery in high and low temperature environments.

[0004] 2. Patent document CN106575798B discloses a lead-acid battery. The above patent achieves a long-life lead-acid battery and can also avoid the disadvantage of electrolyte leakage from the periphery of the negative terminal of the cover at the end of life. However, the above patent cannot achieve the function of monitoring the internal and external environment of the lead-acid battery.

[0005] 3. Patent document CN113871732B discloses an intelligent lead-acid battery. The above patent can prevent the battery from overheating and the electrode plates from softening, greatly improving the service life of the lead-acid battery. However, the above patent cannot realize the function of monitoring the internal structure of the lead-acid battery.

[0006] 4. Patent document CN109244562B discloses a lead-acid battery. The above patent realizes that by placing the positive and negative busbars on both sides of the pole group, the current density distribution is more uniform, the utilization rate of active materials in each part of the plate is effectively improved, and the battery life is extended. When in use, the opening of the tank is placed sideways, and the busbar is in a horizontal state, which is equivalent to the pole plate being placed vertically with the short side as the height of the pole group. The height of the pole group is reduced, which effectively alleviates the acid stratification phenomenon, reduces concentration polarization, and makes the active materials in each part of the plate more uniformly utilized, extending the battery life. However, the above patent cannot realize the protection function of the lead-acid battery in the event of an accident.

[0007] In summary, the above patents cannot realize the function of monitoring the internal and external environment of the lead-acid battery, cannot realize the function of monitoring the internal structure function of the lead-acid battery, cannot realize the function of monitoring the internal structure function of the lead-acid battery, and cannot realize the protection function of the lead-acid battery when an accident occurs, which leads to the lead-acid battery bulging and deformation in high and low temperature environments, capacity reduction, battery reaction speed reduction, lack of understanding of the use environment of the lead-acid battery and reduced service life and performance of the lead-acid battery, lack of understanding of the quality of the internal facilities of the lead-acid battery, which affects the performance and reduces the use experience, battery leakage, deformation, short circuit, performance degradation and threats to user safety; To this end, the present application proposes a high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery and a preparation method thereof, which can realize the function of monitoring the internal and external environment of the lead-acid battery, the function of monitoring the internal structure function of the lead-acid battery, and the function of protecting the lead-acid battery when an accident occurs. Summary of the invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the technical problems proposed in the above background technology that the function of monitoring the internal and external environment of the lead-acid battery cannot be realized, the function of monitoring the internal structure function of the lead-acid battery cannot be realized, the function of monitoring the internal structure function of the lead-acid battery cannot be realized, and the protection function of the lead-acid battery cannot be realized when an accident occurs, resulting in bulging and deformation of the lead-acid battery in high and low temperature environments, decreased capacity, decreased battery reaction speed, lack of understanding of the use environment of the lead-acid battery and reduced service life and performance of the lead-acid battery, lack of understanding of the quality of the internal facilities of the lead-acid battery, resulting in impact on performance and reduced user experience, battery leakage, deformation, short circuit, performance degradation and threat to user safety.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery and a preparation method thereof, comprising a main body, a plate, a separator, a processor and a temperature balancing module, wherein the temperature balancing module is connected to the processor via wireless transmission; A polar plate is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body, a partition is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body, a processor is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the main body, and a temperature balance module is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body; The temperature balance module includes: a water temperature control component, a heat release component and a circulation pipe, wherein the water temperature control component is connected to the processor via wireless transmission, and the heat release component is connected to the processor via wireless transmission; A water temperature control component is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body, a heat release component is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body, and a flow pipe is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body; The water temperature control component includes: a temperature probe, a mixing valve and a water tank, the temperature probe is connected to the processor via wireless transmission, and the mixing valve is connected to the processor via wireless transmission; A temperature probe is installed in the middle of the main body, a mixing valve is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body, and a water tank is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body; The heat release component includes: a neutralization box, a neutralization valve and a heat release plate, and the neutralization valve is connected to the processor through a signal line; A neutralization box is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body, a neutralization valve is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body, and a heat release plate is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body; The neutralization valve comprises: a fixed block, a movable block, a spring, an induction coil and a baffle, and the induction coil is connected to the processor through a signal line; A fixed block is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body, a moving block is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body, a spring is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body, an induction coil is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body, and a baffle is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body.

[0010] Preferably, a temperature utilization module is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body, and the temperature utilization module is connected to the processor through signal transmission; The temperature utilization module includes: an exchanger, a sealing ring and a reaction chamber, and the exchanger is connected to the processor through signal transmission; An exchanger is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body, a sealing ring is installed in the middle of the interior of the main body, and a reaction chamber is installed in the middle of the interior of the main body; The reaction chamber includes: a contact stage, a sealing tube and a lifting element, and the lifting element is connected to the processor through signal transmission; A contact platform is installed in the middle of the main body, a sealing tube is installed in the middle of the main body, and a lifting element is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body.

[0011] Preferably, the processor is connected to the environment monitoring module via wireless transmission, the environment monitoring module includes: a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a vibration sensor, the temperature sensor is connected to the processor via wireless transmission, the humidity sensor is connected to the processor via wireless transmission, and the vibration sensor is connected to the processor via wireless transmission; The temperature sensor is equipped with a thermistor, a conversion circuit and a processing unit. Based on the characteristic that the resistance value of the thermistor changes with temperature, when the ambient temperature changes, the resistance value of the thermistor decreases as the temperature rises, and vice versa. After the conversion circuit and the processing unit convert and process the resistance value change of the thermistor, the temperature information of the current environment is transmitted to the processor.

[0012] Preferably, a quality monitoring module is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the main body, and the quality monitoring module is connected to the processor through signal transmission; The quality monitoring module includes: an acoustic wave detector, a tension sensor and a sound sensor, the acoustic wave detector is connected to the processor through signal transmission, and the tension sensor is connected to the processor through signal transmission; The acoustic wave detector is internally provided with an acoustic wave transmitter, a receiver and a processing circuit. The acoustic wave transmitter transmits ultrasonic waves. The higher the concentration of the electrolyte, the faster the propagation speed of the ultrasonic waves. The processing circuit records the time when the receiver receives the reflected and transmitted ultrasonic waves, calculates the concentration of the electrolyte through the pre-stored temperature characteristic parameter curves of different media, and transmits the information to the processor. The tension sensor is equipped with an elastomer, a resistance strain gauge and a measurement circuit. Based on the resistance strain effect, when external force acts on the tension sensor, the elastic body is deformed by the force, and the resistance strain gauge attached to the elastic body is deformed at the same time. The resistance value of the resistance strain gauge changes. The measurement circuit captures and transforms the change in resistance value, converts it into the change value of tension after amplification and processing, and transmits the information to the processor.

[0013] Preferably, the processor is connected to the emergency processing module via baseband transmission, and the emergency processing module includes: an isolation plate, a material storage box, an isolation motor and a push rod, the isolation motor is connected to the processor via a signal line, and the isolation plate is connected to the isolation motor via the push rod; An isolation plate is installed at the lower part of the inner wall of the main body, a material storage box is installed at the lower part of the inner wall of the main body, an isolation motor is installed at the lower part of the inner wall of the main body, and a push rod is installed at the lower part of the inner wall of the main body.

[0014] Preferably, the humidity sensor is internally provided with a humidity-sensitive element, a processing circuit and an output circuit. Based on the influence of humidity on the electrical conductivity of the material, when the ambient humidity changes, the humidity-sensitive element absorbs hydrogen ions decomposed from water molecules in the air, causing the resistance value of the humidity-sensitive element to change. The processing circuit receives and processes the change in resistance value, calculates the humidity in the current environment through the output circuit based on the change in resistance value, and transmits the information to the processor.

[0015] Preferably, the vibration sensor is internally provided with a sensitive element, a conversion element and a signal circuit. Based on the piezoelectric effect, when an object vibrates, the sensitive element is deformed by the external force, polarization occurs inside, and charges of opposite signs appear on the two surfaces. After the external force is removed, the surface charges disappear and return to a non-charged state. The conversion element converts these charges into electrical signals. After the electrical signals are processed by the signal circuit, the acceleration of the vibration is calculated and transmitted to the processor.

[0016] Preferably, the sound sensor is internally provided with an electret microphone, an amplifying circuit and a processing circuit. When sound waves act on the electret microphone, the diaphragm inside the electret microphone moves due to the vibration of the sound waves, causing the capacitance of the electret microphone to change, thereby generating a small voltage. After the voltage is processed by the amplifying circuit and the processing circuit, the information is transmitted to the processor.

[0017] Preferably, the preparation method is: Step 1: Place the plates, separators, processor, electrolyte, temperature balance module, environmental monitoring module, quality monitoring module and emergency treatment module into the main body; Step 2: Connect the plates to form positive and negative electrodes; Step 3: Drying and insulating the charged plates; Step 4: Packaging the assembled lead-acid battery; Step 5: Perform performance test on the assembled lead-acid battery.

[0018] Preferably, the preparation method also comprises: Step 6: Prepare enough lead ingots and melt them at a temperature of ℃; Step 7: Preheat the mold and adjust the temperature; Step 8: Pour the molten lead into the mold and form the plate after cooling and solidification; Step 9: Trim the plate to remove excess metal and uneven parts; Step 10: Inspect the prepared plates.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention realizes the function of protecting the lead-acid battery in high and low temperature environments by installing a temperature balance module, solves the problems of bulging and deformation, capacity reduction and battery reaction speed reduction of the lead-acid battery in high and low temperature environments, can increase the discharge efficiency of the lead-acid battery, improve the performance of the lead-acid battery, extend the service life of the lead-acid battery, and improve the reliability of the lead-acid battery; 2. The present invention realizes the function of monitoring the internal and external environment of the lead-acid battery by installing an environmental monitoring module, solves the problem of not understanding the use environment of the lead-acid battery and reducing the service life and performance of the lead-acid battery, can ensure the lead-acid battery's perception of the use environment, improve the use performance of the lead-acid battery, extend the service life of the lead-acid battery, and enhance the user experience; 3. The present invention realizes the function of monitoring the internal structure and function of the lead-acid battery by installing a quality monitoring module, solves the problem that the quality of the internal facilities of the lead-acid battery is not understood, which affects the performance and reduces the user experience. It can extend the service life of the lead-acid battery, ensure the safety of users, and improve the reliability of the lead-acid battery; 4. The present invention realizes the protection function of the lead-acid battery in the event of an accident by installing an emergency processing module, solves the problems of battery leakage, deformation, short circuit, performance degradation and threat to user safety, can maintain the normal density and liquid level of the electrolyte, extend the service life of the battery, reduce the possibility of failure, and improve the safety and reliability of the lead-acid battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the temperature balance module of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the environment monitoring module of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the quality monitoring module of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the emergency treatment module of the present invention; Figure 7It is a schematic diagram of the method for preparing the electrode plate of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the temperature utilization module structure of the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1. main body; 2. plate; 3. partition; 4. processor; 5. temperature balance module; 6. environmental monitoring module; 7. quality monitoring module; 8. water temperature control component; 9. heat release component; 10. circulation pipe; 11. temperature probe; 12. mixing valve; 13. water tank; 14. neutralization box; 15. neutralization valve; 16. heat release plate; 17. fixed block; 18. moving block; 19. spring; 20. induction coil; 21. baffle; 22. temperature sensor; 23. humidity sensor; 24. vibration sensor; 25. sound wave detector; 26. tension sensor; 27. sound sensor; 28. emergency treatment module; 29. ​​isolation plate; 30. storage box; 31. isolation motor; 32. push rod; 33. temperature utilization module; 34. exchanger; 35. sealing ring; 36. reaction chamber; 37. contact table; 38. sealing tube; 39. lifting element. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "two ends", "one end", "the other end" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0025] Example 1 See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 , a high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery, comprising a main body 1, a plate 2, a separator 3, a processor 4 and a temperature balance module 5, wherein the temperature balance module 5 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission; A plate 2 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, a partition 3 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, a processor 4 is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the main body 1, and a temperature balance module 5 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1; The temperature balance module 5 includes: a water temperature control component 8, a heat release component 9 and a circulation pipe 10, wherein the water temperature control component 8 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission, and the heat release component 9 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission; A water temperature control component 8 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, a heat release component 9 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, and a flow pipe 10 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1; The water temperature control component 8 includes: a temperature probe 11, a mixing valve 12 and a water tank 13, wherein the temperature probe 11 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission, and the mixing valve 12 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission; A temperature probe 11 is installed in the middle of the main body 1, a mixing valve 12 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, and a water tank 13 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1; The heat release component 9 includes: a neutralization box 14, a neutralization valve 15 and a heat release plate 16, and the neutralization valve 15 is connected to the processor 4 through a signal line; A neutralization box 14 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, a neutralization valve 15 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, and a heat release plate 16 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1; The neutralization valve 15 includes: a fixed block 17, a movable block 18, a spring 19, an induction coil 20 and a baffle 21, and the induction coil 20 is connected to the processor 4 through a signal line; A fixed block 17 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, a moving block 18 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, a spring 19 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, an induction coil 20 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, and a baffle 21 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1; The processor 4 is connected to the environment monitoring module 6 via wireless transmission. The environment monitoring module 6 includes: a temperature sensor 22, a humidity sensor 23 and a vibration sensor 24. The temperature sensor 22 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission, the humidity sensor 23 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission, and the vibration sensor 24 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission; The temperature sensor 22 is internally provided with a thermistor, a conversion circuit and a processing unit. Based on the characteristic that the resistance value of the thermistor changes with temperature, when the ambient temperature changes, the resistance value of the thermistor decreases with the increase of temperature, and vice versa. After the conversion circuit and the processing unit convert and process the change of the resistance value of the thermistor, the temperature information of the current environment is transmitted to the processor 4; Further, the processor 4 receives the information transmitted by the temperature sensor 22, and after comparing it with the preset value, determines that the current operating temperature of the lead-acid battery is too high, the processor 4 controls the mixing valve 12 and the neutralization valve 15 to open, and the water stored in the water tank 13 is mixed with the solution in the neutralization tank 14 to generate a neutralization reaction and release heat for heating, the temperature probe measures the water temperature, and transmits the data to the processor 4. After reaching the standard temperature, the mixing valve 12 is opened, and the water flows through the circulation pipe 10 to cool the inside of the lead-acid battery. The processor 4 receives the information transmitted by the temperature sensor 22, and after After comparison, it is determined that the current operating temperature of the lead-acid battery is too low, and the processor 4 controls the neutralization valve 15 to connect the flow pipe 10 and the heat release plate 16, so that the solution inside the neutralization box 14 flows into the heat release plate 16 to heat the inside of the lead-acid battery, thereby realizing the function of protecting the lead-acid battery in high and low temperature environments, solving the problems of bulging and deformation, capacity reduction and battery reaction speed reduction inside the lead-acid battery in high and low temperature environments, and being able to increase the discharge efficiency of the lead-acid battery, improve the performance of the lead-acid battery, extend the service life of the lead-acid battery, and improve the reliability of the lead-acid battery.

[0026] Example 2 See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4 , a high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery, the processor 4 is connected to the environment monitoring module 6 via wireless transmission, the environment monitoring module 6 includes: a temperature sensor 22, a humidity sensor 23 and a vibration sensor 24, the temperature sensor 22 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission, the humidity sensor 23 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission, and the vibration sensor 24 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission; The temperature sensor 22 is internally provided with a thermistor, a conversion circuit and a processing unit. Based on the characteristic that the resistance value of the thermistor changes with temperature, when the ambient temperature changes, the resistance value of the thermistor decreases with the increase of temperature, and vice versa. After the conversion circuit and the processing unit convert and process the change of the resistance value of the thermistor, the temperature information of the current environment is transmitted to the processor 4; The humidity sensor 23 is internally provided with a humidity-sensitive element, a processing circuit and an output circuit. Based on the influence of humidity on the conductivity of the material, when the ambient humidity changes, the humidity-sensitive element absorbs hydrogen ions decomposed from water molecules in the air, causing the resistance value of the humidity-sensitive element to change. The processing circuit receives and processes the change in the resistance value, and calculates the humidity in the current environment through the output circuit based on the change in the resistance value, and transmits the information to the processor 4; The vibration sensor 24 is provided with a sensitive element, a conversion element and a signal circuit. Based on the piezoelectric effect, when an object vibrates, the sensitive element is deformed by an external force, and polarization occurs inside, so that charges of opposite signs appear on the two surfaces. After the external force is removed, the surface charges disappear and return to a non-charged state. The conversion element converts these charges into electrical signals. After the electrical signals are processed by the signal circuit, the acceleration of the vibration is calculated and transmitted to the processor 4. Furthermore, the temperature sensor 22 is based on the characteristic that the resistance value of the thermistor changes with temperature. When the ambient temperature changes, the resistance value of the thermistor decreases as the temperature rises, and increases as the temperature drops. After the conversion circuit and the processing unit convert and process the change in the resistance value of the thermistor, the information is converted into a temperature change value, and the information is transmitted to the processor 4. The humidity sensor 23 is based on the effect of humidity on the conductivity of the material. When the ambient humidity changes, the humidity-sensitive element absorbs hydrogen ions decomposed from water molecules in the environment, causing the resistance value of the humidity-sensitive element to change. The processing circuit and the output circuit capture, convert and process the change in the resistance value of the humidity-sensitive resistor, infer the humidity in the current environment, and transmit the information to the processor 4. The motion sensor 24 is based on the piezoelectric effect. When the lead-acid battery vibrates, the sensitive element is deformed by the external force, and polarization occurs inside, causing charges of opposite signs to appear on the two surfaces of the sensitive element. When the external force changes, the charge also changes. The conversion element and the signal circuit capture, convert and process the change in charge, calculate the acceleration of the vibration, and transmit the signal to the processor 4, thereby realizing the function of monitoring the internal and external environment of the lead-acid battery, solving the problems of lack of understanding of the use environment of the lead-acid battery and reducing the service life and performance of the lead-acid battery, and being able to ensure the lead-acid battery's perception of the use environment, improve the use performance of the lead-acid battery, extend the service life of the lead-acid battery, and enhance the user experience.

[0027] Example 3 See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 5 , a high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery, a quality monitoring module 7 is installed on the upper inner wall of the main body 1, and the quality monitoring module 7 is connected to the processor 4 through signal transmission; The quality monitoring module 7 includes: an acoustic wave detector 25, a tension sensor 26 and a sound sensor 27, the acoustic wave detector 25 is connected to the processor 4 through signal transmission, and the tension sensor 26 is connected to the processor 4 through signal transmission; The acoustic wave detector 25 is provided with an acoustic wave transmitter, a receiver and a processing circuit. The acoustic wave transmitter transmits ultrasonic waves. The higher the concentration of the electrolyte, the faster the propagation speed of the ultrasonic waves. The processing circuit records the time when the receiver receives the reflected and transmitted ultrasonic waves, calculates the concentration of the electrolyte by comparing it with the pre-stored temperature characteristic parameter curves of different media, and transmits the information to the processor 4. The tension sensor 26 is internally provided with an elastic body, a resistance strain gauge and a measuring circuit. Based on the resistance strain effect, when an external force acts on the tension sensor 26, the elastic body is deformed by the force, and the resistance strain gauge attached to the elastic body is deformed at the same time, and the resistance value of the resistance strain gauge changes. The measuring circuit captures and converts the change in resistance value, converts it into a change value of tension after amplification and processing, and transmits the information to the processor 4; The sound sensor 27 is internally provided with an electret microphone, an amplifying circuit and a processing circuit. When sound waves act on the electret microphone, the diaphragm inside the electret microphone moves due to the vibration of the sound waves, causing the capacitance of the electret microphone to change, thereby generating a small voltage. After the voltage is processed by the amplifying circuit and the processing circuit, the information is transmitted to the processor 4. Furthermore, the sound wave detector 25 emits ultrasonic waves through the sound wave transmitter. The higher the electrolyte concentration, the faster the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave. The processing circuit records the time when the receiver receives the reflected and transmitted ultrasonic waves. The information is processed by the processing circuit, and the concentration of the electrolyte is calculated by comparing it with the pre-stored temperature characteristic parameter curves of different media, and the information is transmitted to the processor 4. The tension sensor 26 is based on the resistance strain effect. When an external force acts on the tension sensor 26, the elastic body is deformed by the force, and the resistance strain gauge attached to the elastic body is deformed accordingly. The measurement circuit captures, converts, amplifies and processes the change in resistance value, and then transmits the information to the processor 4. The sound sensor 27 moves the internal diaphragm of the electret microphone with the sound wave, causing the internal capacitance to change, thereby generating a voltage change. After the amplification circuit and the processing circuit process the voltage change, the information is transmitted to the processor 4, realizing the function of monitoring the internal structure and function of the lead-acid battery, solving the problem of not understanding the quality of the internal facilities of the lead-acid battery, which affects the performance and reduces the user experience, and can extend the service life of the lead-acid battery, ensure the user's safety, and improve the reliability of the lead-acid battery.

[0028] Example 4 See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , a high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery, the processor 4 is connected to the environment monitoring module 6 via wireless transmission, the environment monitoring module 6 includes: a temperature sensor 22, a humidity sensor 23 and a vibration sensor 24, the temperature sensor 22 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission, the humidity sensor 23 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission, and the vibration sensor 24 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission; The temperature sensor 22 is internally provided with a thermistor, a conversion circuit and a processing unit. Based on the characteristic that the resistance value of the thermistor changes with temperature, when the ambient temperature changes, the resistance value of the thermistor decreases with the increase of temperature, and vice versa. After the conversion circuit and the processing unit convert and process the change of the resistance value of the thermistor, the temperature information of the current environment is transmitted to the processor 4; A quality monitoring module 7 is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the main body 1, and the quality monitoring module 7 is connected to the processor 4 through signal transmission; The quality monitoring module 7 includes: an acoustic wave detector 25, a tension sensor 26 and a sound sensor 27, the acoustic wave detector 25 is connected to the processor 4 through signal transmission, and the tension sensor 26 is connected to the processor 4 through signal transmission; The acoustic wave detector 25 is provided with an acoustic wave transmitter, a receiver and a processing circuit. The acoustic wave transmitter transmits ultrasonic waves. The higher the concentration of the electrolyte, the faster the propagation speed of the ultrasonic waves. The processing circuit records the time when the receiver receives the reflected and transmitted ultrasonic waves, calculates the concentration of the electrolyte by comparing it with the pre-stored temperature characteristic parameter curves of different media, and transmits the information to the processor 4. The tension sensor 26 is internally provided with an elastic body, a resistance strain gauge and a measuring circuit. Based on the resistance strain effect, when an external force acts on the tension sensor 26, the elastic body is deformed by the force, and the resistance strain gauge attached to the elastic body is deformed at the same time, and the resistance value of the resistance strain gauge changes. The measuring circuit captures and converts the change in resistance value, converts it into a change value of tension after amplification and processing, and transmits the information to the processor 4; The sound sensor 27 is internally provided with an electret microphone, an amplifying circuit and a processing circuit. When sound waves act on the electret microphone, the diaphragm inside the electret microphone moves due to the vibration of the sound waves, causing the capacitance of the electret microphone to change, thereby generating a small voltage. After the voltage is processed by the amplifying circuit and the processing circuit, the information is transmitted to the processor 4. The processor 4 is connected to the emergency processing module 28 via baseband transmission. The emergency processing module 28 includes: an isolation plate 29, a material storage box 30, an isolation motor 31 and a push rod 32. The isolation motor 31 is connected to the processor 4 via a signal line, and the isolation plate 29 is connected to the isolation motor 31 via the push rod 32. An isolation plate 29 is installed at the lower part of the inner wall of the main body 1, a material storage box 30 is installed at the lower part of the inner wall of the main body 1, an isolation motor 31 is installed at the lower part of the inner wall of the main body 1, and a push rod 32 is installed at the lower part of the inner wall of the main body 1; Furthermore, after the processor 4 receives the signals transmitted by the temperature sensor 22, the sound sensor 27 and the vibration sensor 24, after comparing them with the preset values, it is determined that a fault has occurred inside the lead-acid battery and needs to be processed. The processor controls the isolation motor 31 to drive the push rod 32 to push the isolation plate 29 to isolate the inside of the lead-acid battery. The processor 4 controls the storage box 30 to open, and releases the internal fire extinguishing material to fill the internal space of the lead-acid battery, thereby realizing the protection function of the lead-acid battery in the event of an accident, solving the problems of battery leakage, deformation, short circuit, performance degradation and threats to user safety, and being able to maintain the normal density and liquid level of the electrolyte, thereby extending the service life of the battery, reducing the possibility of failure, and improving the safety and reliability of the lead-acid battery.

[0029] Example 5 See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 6 , a high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery, comprising a main body 1, a plate 2, a separator 3, a processor 4 and a temperature balance module 5, wherein the temperature balance module 5 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission; A plate 2 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, a partition 3 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, a processor 4 is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the main body 1, and a temperature balance module 5 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1; The temperature balance module 5 includes: a water temperature control component 8, a heat release component 9 and a circulation pipe 10, wherein the water temperature control component 8 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission, and the heat release component 9 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission; A water temperature control component 8 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, a heat release component 9 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, and a flow pipe 10 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1; The water temperature control component 8 includes: a temperature probe 11, a mixing valve 12 and a water tank 13, wherein the temperature probe 11 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission, and the mixing valve 12 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission; A temperature probe 11 is installed in the middle of the main body 1, a mixing valve 12 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, and a water tank 13 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1; The heat release component 9 includes: a neutralization box 14, a neutralization valve 15 and a heat release plate 16, and the neutralization valve 15 is connected to the processor 4 through a signal line; A neutralization box 14 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, a neutralization valve 15 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, and a heat release plate 16 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1; The neutralization valve 15 includes: a fixed block 17, a movable block 18, a spring 19, an induction coil 20 and a baffle 21, and the induction coil 20 is connected to the processor 4 through a signal line; A fixed block 17 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, a moving block 18 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, a spring 19 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, an induction coil 20 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, and a baffle 21 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1; The quality monitoring module 7 includes: an acoustic wave detector 25, a tension sensor 26 and a sound sensor 27, the acoustic wave detector 25 is connected to the processor 4 through signal transmission, and the tension sensor 26 is connected to the processor 4 through signal transmission; The acoustic wave detector 25 is provided with an acoustic wave transmitter, a receiver and a processing circuit. The acoustic wave transmitter transmits ultrasonic waves. The higher the concentration of the electrolyte, the faster the propagation speed of the ultrasonic waves. The processing circuit records the time when the receiver receives the reflected and transmitted ultrasonic waves, calculates the concentration of the electrolyte by comparing it with the pre-stored temperature characteristic parameter curves of different media, and transmits the information to the processor 4. The tension sensor 26 is internally provided with an elastic body, a resistance strain gauge and a measuring circuit. Based on the resistance strain effect, when an external force acts on the tension sensor 26, the elastic body is deformed by the force, and the resistance strain gauge attached to the elastic body is deformed at the same time, and the resistance value of the resistance strain gauge changes. The measuring circuit captures and converts the change in resistance value, converts it into a change value of tension after amplification and processing, and transmits the information to the processor 4; The sound sensor 27 is internally provided with an electret microphone, an amplifying circuit and a processing circuit. When sound waves act on the electret microphone, the diaphragm inside the electret microphone moves due to the vibration of the sound waves, causing the capacitance of the electret microphone to change, thereby generating a small voltage. After the voltage is processed by the amplifying circuit and the processing circuit, the information is transmitted to the processor 4. Further, the processor 4 receives the signal transmitted by the acoustic wave detector 25. After comparing with the preset value, the received value is greater than the preset value, and the electrolyte concentration inside the lead-acid battery is high. The processor 4 controls the mixing valve 12 to open, and the water in the water tank 13 is added to the electrolyte through the circulation pipe 10 to reduce the electrolyte concentration. When the received value is less than the preset value, the electrolyte concentration inside the lead-acid battery is low, the processor 4 controls the neutralization valve 15 to open, and the sulfuric acid stored inside is added to the electrolyte through the circulation pipe 10 to increase the electrolyte concentration, thereby realizing the function of controlling the electrolyte concentration, solving the problems of corrosion of the plate, sulfation, softening of the positive plate, sulfide of the plate and capacity reduction caused by high and low electrolyte concentration, and can extend the service life of the lead-acid battery, improve the performance of the lead-acid battery, and enhance the user experience.

[0030] Example 6 See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 and Figure 8 , a high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery, a temperature utilization module 33 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, and the temperature utilization module 33 is connected to the processor 4 through signal transmission; The temperature utilization module 33 includes: an exchanger 34, a sealing ring 35 and a reaction chamber 36, and the exchanger 34 is connected to the processor 4 through signal transmission; An exchanger 34 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1, a sealing ring 35 is installed in the middle of the interior of the main body 1, and a reaction chamber 36 is installed in the middle of the interior of the main body 1; The reaction chamber 36 includes: a contact stage 37, a sealing tube 38 and a lifting element 39, and the lifting element 39 is connected to the processor 4 through signal transmission; A contact platform 37 is installed in the middle of the main body 1, a sealing tube 38 is installed in the middle of the main body 1, and a lifting element 39 is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body 1; The processor 4 is connected to the environment monitoring module 6 via wireless transmission. The environment monitoring module 6 includes: a temperature sensor 22, a humidity sensor 23 and a vibration sensor 24. The temperature sensor 22 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission, the humidity sensor 23 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission, and the vibration sensor 24 is connected to the processor 4 via wireless transmission; The temperature sensor 22 is internally provided with a thermistor, a conversion circuit and a processing unit. Based on the characteristic that the resistance value of the thermistor changes with temperature, when the ambient temperature changes, the resistance value of the thermistor decreases with the increase of temperature, and vice versa. After the conversion circuit and the processing unit convert and process the change of the resistance value of the thermistor, the temperature information of the current environment is transmitted to the processor 4; The humidity sensor 23 is internally provided with a humidity-sensitive element, a processing circuit and an output circuit. Based on the influence of humidity on the conductivity of the material, when the ambient humidity changes, the humidity-sensitive element absorbs hydrogen ions decomposed from water molecules in the air, causing the resistance value of the humidity-sensitive element to change. The processing circuit receives and processes the change in the resistance value, and calculates the humidity in the current environment through the output circuit based on the change in the resistance value, and transmits the information to the processor 4; The vibration sensor 24 is provided with a sensitive element, a conversion element and a signal circuit. Based on the piezoelectric effect, when an object vibrates, the sensitive element is deformed by an external force, and polarization occurs inside, so that charges of opposite signs appear on the two surfaces. After the external force is removed, the surface charges disappear and return to a non-charged state. The conversion element converts these charges into electrical signals. After the electrical signals are processed by the signal circuit, the acceleration of the vibration is calculated and transmitted to the processor 4. Furthermore, the processor 4 receives the information transmitted by the temperature sensor 22, and after comparing it with the preset value, determines that heat exchange is needed inside the lead-acid battery to balance the internal temperature. The processor 4 controls the lifting element 39 to drive the contact platform 37 to contact the exchanger 34, and the solution inside the reaction chamber 36 enters the lead-acid battery through the sealing tube 38 for heat exchange. The exchanged solution returns to the reaction chamber 36 through the sealing tube 38, thereby realizing the function of controlling the internal temperature of the lead-acid battery, avoiding temperature imbalance inside the lead-acid battery, reducing the working efficiency of the lead-acid battery, affecting the user experience, and extending the service life and economic benefits of the lead-acid battery.

[0031] Working principle: the processor 4 receives the information transmitted by the temperature sensor 22, and after comparing it with the preset value, it is determined that the internal temperature of the lead-acid battery needs to be adjusted. The processor 4 controls the mixing valve 12 and the neutralization valve 15 to open, and the water stored in the water tank 13 is mixed with the solution in the neutralization box 14 to generate a neutralization reaction and release heat for heating. The temperature probe measures the water temperature and transmits the data to the processor 4. After reaching the standard temperature, the mixing valve 12 is opened, and the water flows through the circulation pipe 10 to cool the inside of the lead-acid battery. The processor 4 controls the neutralization valve 15 to connect the circulation pipe 10 and the heat release plate 16, and the solution inside the neutralization box 14 flows into the heat release plate 16 to heat the inside of the lead-acid battery. The temperature sensor 22 is based on the characteristic that the resistance value of the thermistor changes with temperature. When the ambient temperature changes, the resistance value of the thermistor decreases as the temperature rises, and increases as the temperature drops. After the conversion circuit and the processing unit convert and process the change in the resistance value of the thermistor, the information is converted into the temperature change value, and the information is transmitted to the processor 4. The humidity sensor 23 is based on the influence of humidity on the conductivity of the material. When the ambient humidity changes, the humidity-sensitive element absorbs hydrogen ions decomposed from water molecules in the environment, so that the resistance value of the humidity-sensitive element changes. The processing circuit and the output circuit capture, convert and process the change in the resistance value of the humidity-sensitive element, infer the humidity in the current environment, and transmit the information to the processor 4. The vibration sensor 24 is based on the piezoelectric effect. When the lead-acid battery vibrates, the sensitive element is deformed by the external force, and polarization occurs inside, so that charges of opposite signs appear on the two surfaces of the sensitive element. When the external force changes, the charge also changes. The conversion element and the signal circuit capture, convert and process the change in charge, calculate the acceleration of the vibration, and transmit the signal to the processor 4. The sound wave detector 25 emits ultrasonic waves through the sound wave transmitter. The higher the electrolyte concentration, the faster the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave. The processing circuit records the time when the receiver receives the reflected and transmitted ultrasonic waves. The information is processed by the processing circuit, and the concentration of the electrolyte is calculated by comparing it with the pre-stored temperature characteristic parameter curve of different media. The information is transmitted to the processor 4. The tension sensor 26 is based on the resistance strain effect. When an external force acts on the tension sensor 26, the elastic body is deformed by the force, and the resistance strain gauge attached to the elastic body is deformed accordingly. The measurement circuit captures, converts, amplifies and processes the change in resistance value, and then transmits the information to the processor 4. The sound sensor 27 moves the internal diaphragm of the electret microphone with the sound wave, causing the internal capacitance to change, thereby generating a voltage change. After the amplification circuit and the processing circuit process the voltage change, the information is transmitted to the processor 4; After receiving the signals transmitted by the temperature sensor 22, the sound sensor 27 and the vibration sensor 24, the processor 4 compares the signals with the preset values ​​and determines that a fault occurs inside the lead-acid battery and needs to be processed. The processor 4 controls the isolation motor 31 to drive the push rod 32 to push the isolation plate 29 to isolate the inside of the lead-acid battery. The processor 4 controls the storage box 30 to open and release the internal fire extinguishing material to fill the internal space of the lead-acid battery. Processor 4 receives the signal transmitted by acoustic wave detector 25, and after comparing it with the preset value, determines that the electrolyte concentration of the lead-acid battery needs to be adjusted. Processor 4 controls mixing valve 12 to open, and adds water in water tank 13 to electrolyte through circulation pipe 10 to reduce electrolyte concentration. Processor 4 controls neutralization valve 15 to open, and adds internally stored sulfuric acid to electrolyte through circulation pipe 10 to increase electrolyte concentration.

[0032] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential features of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims be included in the invention. Any reference numeral in a claim should not be considered as limiting the claim to which it relates.

Claims

1. A high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery, characterized in that: It comprises a main body (1), an electrode plate (2), a partition (3), a processor (4) and a temperature balancing module (5), wherein the temperature balancing module (5) is connected to the processor (4) via wireless transmission; A polar plate (2) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1), a partition (3) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1), a processor (4) is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the main body (1), and a temperature balance module (5) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1); The temperature balancing module (5) comprises: a water temperature control component (8), a heat release component (9) and a circulation pipe (10); the water temperature control component (8) is connected to the processor (4) via wireless transmission; and the heat release component (9) is connected to the processor (4) via wireless transmission; A water temperature control component (8) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1), a heat release component (9) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1), and a circulation pipe (10) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1); The water temperature control component (8) comprises: a temperature probe (11), a mixing valve (12) and a water tank (13); the temperature probe (11) is connected to the processor (4) via wireless transmission; and the mixing valve (12) is connected to the processor (4) via wireless transmission; A temperature probe (11) is installed in the middle of the interior of the main body (1), a mixing valve (12) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1), and a water tank (13) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1); The heat release component (9) comprises: a neutralization box (14), a neutralization valve (15) and a heat release plate (16); the neutralization valve (15) is connected to the processor (4) via a signal line; A neutralization box (14) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1), a neutralization valve (15) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1), and a heat release plate (16) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1); The neutralization valve (15) comprises: a fixed block (17), a movable block (18), a spring (19), an induction coil (20) and a baffle (21); the induction coil (20) is connected to the processor (4) via a signal line; A fixed block (17) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1), a moving block (18) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1), a spring (19) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1), an induction coil (20) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1), and a baffle (21) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1).

2. A high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temperature utilization module (33) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1), and the temperature utilization module (33) is connected to the processor (4) through signal transmission; The temperature utilization module (33) comprises: an exchanger (34), a sealing ring (35) and a reaction chamber (36); the exchanger (34) is connected to the processor (4) via signal transmission; An exchanger (34) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1), a sealing ring (35) is installed in the middle of the interior of the main body (1), and a reaction chamber (36) is installed in the middle of the interior of the main body (1); The reaction chamber (36) comprises: a contact table (37), a sealing tube (38) and a lifting element (39), wherein the lifting element (39) is connected to the processor (4) via signal transmission; A contact platform (37) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1), a sealing tube (38) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1), and a lifting element (39) is installed in the middle of the inner wall of the main body (1).

3. A high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processor (4) is connected to the environment monitoring module (6) via wireless transmission. The environment monitoring module (6) includes: a temperature sensor (22), a humidity sensor (23) and a vibration sensor (24). The temperature sensor (22) is connected to the processor (4) via wireless transmission. The humidity sensor (23) is connected to the processor (4) via wireless transmission. The vibration sensor (24) is connected to the processor (4) via wireless transmission. The temperature sensor (22) is internally provided with a thermistor, a conversion circuit and a processing unit. Based on the characteristic that the resistance value of the thermistor changes with temperature, when the ambient temperature changes, the resistance value of the thermistor decreases as the temperature rises, and vice versa. After the conversion circuit and the processing unit convert and process the change in the resistance value of the thermistor, the temperature information of the current environment is transmitted to the processor (4).

4. A high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: A quality monitoring module (7) is installed on the upper part of the inner wall of the main body (1), and the quality monitoring module (7) is connected to the processor (4) through signal transmission; The quality monitoring module (7) comprises: an acoustic wave detector (25), a tension sensor (26) and a sound sensor (27); the acoustic wave detector (25) is connected to the processor (4) via signal transmission; and the tension sensor (26) is connected to the processor (4) via signal transmission; The acoustic wave detector (25) is provided with an acoustic wave transmitter, a receiver and a processing circuit. The acoustic wave transmitter transmits ultrasonic waves. The higher the concentration of the electrolyte, the faster the propagation speed of the ultrasonic waves. The processing circuit records the time when the receiver receives the reflected and transmitted ultrasonic waves, calculates the concentration of the electrolyte by comparing it with the pre-stored temperature characteristic parameter curves of different media, and transmits the information to the processor (4). An elastic body, a resistance strain gauge and a measuring circuit are arranged inside the tension sensor (26). Based on the resistance strain effect, when an external force acts on the tension sensor (26), the elastic body is deformed by the force, and the resistance strain gauge attached to the elastic body is deformed at the same time, and the resistance value of the resistance strain gauge changes. The measuring circuit captures and converts the change in resistance value, converts it into a change value of tension after amplification and processing, and transmits the information to the processor (4).

5. A high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processor (4) is connected to the emergency processing module (28) via baseband transmission. The emergency processing module (28) comprises: an isolation plate (29), a material storage box (30), an isolation motor (31) and a push rod (32). The isolation motor (31) is connected to the processor (4) via a signal line, and the isolation plate (29) is connected to the isolation motor (31) via the push rod (32). An isolation plate (29) is installed at the lower part of the inner wall of the main body (1), a material storage box (30) is installed at the lower part of the inner wall of the main body (1), an isolation motor (31) is installed at the lower part of the inner wall of the main body (1), and a push rod (32) is installed at the lower part of the inner wall of the main body (1).

6. A high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery according to claim 3, characterized in that: The humidity sensor (23) is internally provided with a humidity-sensitive element, a processing circuit and an output circuit. Based on the influence of humidity on the electrical conductivity of the material, when the ambient humidity changes, the humidity-sensitive element absorbs hydrogen ions decomposed from water molecules in the air, causing the resistance value of the humidity-sensitive element to change. The processing circuit receives and processes the change in the resistance value, and calculates the humidity in the current environment through the output circuit based on the change in the resistance value, and transmits the information to the processor (4).

7. A high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery according to claim 3, characterized in that: The vibration sensor (24) is internally provided with a sensitive element, a conversion element and a signal circuit. Based on the piezoelectric effect, when an object vibrates, the sensitive element is deformed by an external force, and polarization occurs internally, causing charges of opposite signs to appear on the two surfaces. After the external force is removed, the surface charges disappear and return to a neutral state. The conversion element converts these charges into electrical signals. After the electrical signals are processed by the signal circuit, the acceleration of the vibration is calculated and transmitted to the processor (4).

8. A high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery according to claim 4, characterized in that: The sound sensor (27) is internally provided with an electret microphone, an amplifying circuit and a processing circuit. When sound waves act on the electret microphone, the diaphragm inside the electret microphone moves due to the vibration of the sound waves, causing the capacitance of the electret microphone to change, thereby generating a small voltage. After the voltage is processed by the amplifying circuit and the processing circuit, the information is transmitted to the processor (4).

9. A method for preparing a high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery, applicable to a high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The preparation method is: Step 1: Place the electrode plate (2), the separator (3), the processor (4), the electrolyte, the temperature balance module (5), the environment monitoring module (6), the quality monitoring module (7) and the emergency treatment module (28) into the main body (1); Step 2: Connect the plates (2) to form positive and negative electrodes; Step 3: Drying and insulating the charged electrode plate (2); Step 4: Packaging the assembled lead-acid battery; Step 5: Perform performance test on the assembled lead-acid battery.

10. The method for preparing a high and low temperature resistant lead-acid battery according to claim 9, characterized in that: The preparation method also includes: Step 6: Prepare sufficient lead ingots and melt them at 400°C; Step 7: Preheat the mold and adjust the temperature; Step 8: Pour molten lead into the mold and cool and solidify to form a plate (2); Step 9: trimming the electrode plate (2) to remove excess metal and uneven parts; Step 10: Inspect the prepared electrode plate (2).

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