A self-complementary logarithmic periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses a self-complementary logarithmic periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna, comprising: a metal ground plane; and a first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator, a second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator, a first feeding probe, and a second feeding probe located on the metal ground plane; and a feeding port. The metal ground plane is provided with a rectangular slot, and the feeding port is located within the rectangular slot. The first feeding probe is connected to the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator, and the second feeding probe is connected to the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator. The first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator and the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator are arranged in mirror symmetry and form a spatial three-dimensional structure, and are perpendicular to the metal ground plane. The tooth-shaped structures extending from the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator and the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator have dimensions that vary in a logarithmic periodic manner, and the tooth structures of the two tooth-shaped dielectric radiators can achieve self-complementarity. The present invention can achieve a relatively wide bandwidth, stable gain, and bidirectional radiation, and has certain versatility and flexibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of antennas, and in particular to a self-complementary logarithmic periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna. Background Art

[0002] In wireless communication systems, antennas, as key front-end devices, are responsible for transmitting and receiving radio waves. Their performance directly determines communication quality. As the information exchange hub of radio equipment, antenna performance is crucial for data transmission. In modern communication systems, wide bandwidth, miniaturization, and anti-interference capabilities are particularly important.

[0003] Log-periodic antennas are favored for their simple structure, excellent performance, and high cost-effectiveness. They provide stable impedance, directivity, and gain across a wide bandwidth and are widely used in the shortwave, ultrashortwave, and microwave bands. In recent years, log-periodic antennas have also been used in covert radio monitoring systems. To meet the current demand for broadband and miniaturized antennas, combining the design of log-periodic antennas with dielectric resonator antennas can further miniaturize antennas, making them more adaptable to space-constrained environments. Furthermore, antennas with self-complementary structures can maintain stable operating characteristics across a wide bandwidth, meeting the high-performance antenna requirements of modern communication systems.

[0004] In the prior art, patent publication number CN117937101A discloses an ultra-wideband, low-profile, slotted log-periodic antenna and its fabrication method. The antenna comprises an antenna radiating aperture, an antenna substrate, and an antenna feed structure. The antenna radiating aperture utilizes a slotted log-periodic antenna, which is fed using a microstrip-slot coupling method coplanarly integrated with the antenna radiating aperture. Patent publication number CN113745815A discloses a collaborative antenna operating in the terahertz band, comprising a log-periodic antenna and a patch antenna. The log-periodic antenna comprises two antenna bodies with rotationally symmetric, self-complementary sawtooth elements. The connection between the two sector-shaped antenna bodies forms a feed point, and the patch antenna is connected to the feed point of the log-periodic antenna via a wire. The patch antenna excites the log-periodic antenna via side feed. However, the antennas proposed in both patents use metal patches as radiators, relying on current transmission on the metal surface, which results in conductor loss, an energy loss caused by the inherent resistance of the metal material. Furthermore, if the metal patch is placed on a dielectric substrate, dielectric loss may also be involved. This is the energy loss that occurs when the dielectric material is exposed to an electric field. Surface wave loss and resistive loss in the semiconductor substrate can degrade antenna performance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the problem that a logarithmic periodic antenna using a metal patch as a radiator has conductor loss, which affects the antenna performance.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A self-complementary logarithmic periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna, comprising: a metal ground plane 10; a first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20, a second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 30, a first feeding probe 40, and a second feeding probe 50 located on the metal ground plane 10; and a feeding port 60;

[0008] A rectangular gap 11 is provided on the metal ground plane 10, and the feeding port 60 is located in the rectangular gap 11; the first feeding probe 40 is connected to the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20, and the second feeding probe 50 is connected to the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 30;

[0009] The first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20 and the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 30 are arranged in mirror symmetry and form a three-dimensional structure, and are perpendicular to the metal ground plane 10; and the tooth structures extended by the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20 and the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 30 have a logarithmic periodic change in size, and the tooth structures of the two tooth-shaped dielectric radiators can achieve self-complementarity.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, the feeding port 60 is located at the center of the metal ground plane 10 , and the feeding port 60 does not contact the metal ground plane 10 .

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the plane design of the toothed dielectric radiator is a fan-shaped structure, and toothed structures are arranged on both sides of the fan-shaped structure; a rectangle is cut at the vertex position of the fan-shaped structure; the toothed structure is divided into multiple teeth, and the teeth are arranged in order of "left-right-left" from large to small.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the radius of the outer arc of the outermost tooth of the tooth-shaped dielectric radiator is equal to the radius of the fan-shaped structure, and the radius of the inner arc of the outermost tooth is reduced by a proportional factor relative to the radius of the outer arc; the arc radii of other teeth are all reduced according to the proportional factor.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first feeding probe 40 is located at the vertex of the fan-shaped structure of the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20 ; the second feeding probe 50 is located at the vertex of the fan-shaped structure of the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 30 .

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first feeding probe 40 and the second feeding probe 50 are planar rectangular structures, and are both arranged perpendicular to the metal ground plane 10 .

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the feeding port 60 is connected end to end to the bottom edges of the second feeding probe 50 and the first feeding probe 40 , respectively; and the feeding direction is from the second feeding probe 50 to the first feeding probe 40 .

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first feeding probe 40 and the second feeding probe 50 are symmetrical about the YOZ plane, and the two feeding probes have the same size.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the self-complementary log-periodic tooth dielectric resonator antenna uses electromagnetic radiation.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present application adopts a dielectric resonator as a radiator. Compared with the patch-type logarithmic periodic tooth antenna, the dielectric resonator-type logarithmic periodic tooth antenna does not rely on the current transmission on the metal surface, has no conductor loss, and reduces the influence of surface waves, so the efficiency will be higher. At the same time, compared with metal antennas, dielectric resonator antennas have higher design freedom, including height and relative dielectric constant of dielectric materials, which makes it more flexible when designing the antenna size, and its high dielectric constant characteristics allow the resonator size to be reduced, enabling a more compact antenna design. Finally, the resonant characteristics between dielectric resonator units are relatively independent, which reduces multi-modal coupling interference and can improve the performance consistency within the frequency band.

[0019] The logarithmic periodic tooth antenna in the form of a dielectric resonator combines the advantages of both the self-complementary logarithmic periodic antenna and the dielectric resonator antenna, which can further expand the bandwidth and reduce the size of the antenna within the operating frequency band, enabling it to work in application scenarios that require wide bandwidth and miniaturization.

[0020] The present invention designs the tooth-shaped structure extending from the dielectric radiator so that its size changes in a logarithmic period, and the tooth-shaped structures of the two radiators can complement each other. Through this special structural design, a wider bandwidth and smaller size antenna is obtained.

[0021] Compared with microstrip antennas or patch antennas, dielectric radiators have higher design freedom. In addition to being able to choose dielectric materials with different relative dielectric constants, they also have increased design freedom in height in space, making the antenna design more flexible. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a self-complementary logarithmic periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a self-complementary log-periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna from another angle according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a side view of a self-complementary log-periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 FIG. 1 is a top view of a self-complementary log-periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the scale factor of the tooth structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a reflection coefficient diagram of the working bandwidth of the self-complementary log-periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 1 is a gain curve diagram of a self-complementary logarithmic periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 1 is the radiation pattern of the self-complementary log-periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention in the XOY plane at 11.6 GHz.

[0030] Figure 9 1 is the radiation pattern of the self-complementary log-periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention under the XOZ plane at 11.6 GHz.

[0031] Figure 10 1 is the radiation pattern of the self-complementary log-periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention in the XOY plane at 12 GHz.

[0032] Figure 11 1 is the radiation pattern of the self-complementary log-periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention under the XOZ plane at 12 GHz. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] To facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0035] See also Figure 1 、 2As shown, the present invention provides a self-complementary logarithmic periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna, comprising: a metal ground plane 10, and a first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20, a second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 30, a first feeding probe 40, a second feeding probe 50 located on the metal ground plane 10, and also comprising a feeding port 60.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, the metal ground plane 10 is a rectangular ground plane with equal length and width. Located at the bottom of the entire antenna, the metal ground plane 10 serves as the antenna's reflective ground plane. Specifically, the metal ground plane 10 is 25 mm long and 25 mm wide. A rectangular slot 11 is provided in the metal ground plane 10. Specifically, the rectangular slot 11 is a rectangular groove in the metal ground plane 10 that is larger than the feed port 60. This prevents the feed port 60 from connecting to the metal ground plane 10, which could cause a signal short circuit. In this embodiment, the rectangular slot 11 is 1.6 mm long and 0.8 mm wide.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20 and the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 30 have a mirror-symmetrical structure, and the size of the tooth-shaped structures extended by the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20 and the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 30 varies logarithmically, and the tooth-shaped structures of the two tooth-shaped dielectric radiators can complement each other. This special structural design facilitates miniaturization and broadband antenna design.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, miniaturization is achieved through a self-complementary structure that allows the unit cells to be reduced in size without significantly affecting the input impedance, thereby achieving miniaturization. The tooth-shaped design introduces a folded structure, increasing the effective electrical length of the antenna while reducing its physical size. This design maintains resonant performance without increasing the footprint by varying the path length. At higher frequencies, electromagnetic waves are primarily concentrated in the high-frequency unit area of ​​the self-complementary structure, while the low-frequency unit has a smaller impact on the overall size of the antenna, thus reducing the size of the low-frequency portion.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, the broadband implementation principle is as follows: The complementary log-periodic antenna is a frequency-invariant antenna. Its input impedance tends to be frequency-independent and remains constant over a wide frequency range. This enables the self-complementary log-periodic antenna to maintain excellent radiation performance over a wide frequency range without the need for a complex matching network. The overall impedance variation of the antenna is minimal, making it easier to match the feed system. The self-complementary structure optimizes the current path, enabling each element to more effectively support resonance at its target frequency, reducing modal interference.

[0040] In this embodiment, the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20 and the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 30 are three-dimensional structures and are perpendicular to the metal ground plane 10. Figure 3Since the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20 and the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 30 are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner, in order to simplify the description, this embodiment takes the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20 as an example to illustrate the structures of the two tooth-shaped dielectric radiators.

[0041] In this embodiment, the plane of the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20 is designed as a fan-shaped structure, and tooth-shaped structures are set on both sides of the fan-shaped structure. The vertex position of the fan-shaped structure is cut, and the tooth-shaped structure is divided into multiple teeth, and each tooth is arranged in the order of "left-right-left" from large to small. Figure 4 As shown. Among them, the radius of the outer arc of the outermost tooth of the tooth-shaped dielectric radiator is equal to the radius of the fan-shaped structure, the radius of the inner arc of the outermost tooth is reduced by a proportional factor relative to the radius of the outer arc, and the arc radius of other teeth is reduced by a proportional factor. To zoom out, see Figure 5 shown.

[0042] In this embodiment, the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 30 is mirror-symmetrical with the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20 about the coordinate origin, and its size is the same as that of the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20. The tooth structure of the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 30 and the tooth structure of the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20 satisfy self-complementary characteristics, and the size of their tooth structures is reduced according to a logarithmic period. The mirror-symmetrical coordinate origin can be understood as the center point of the rectangular gap 11, or the center point of the feed port 60.

[0043] In one embodiment of the present invention, by simulating the self-complementary logarithmic periodic serrated dielectric resonator antenna designed in this embodiment, the optimal parameters of the serrated dielectric radiator are determined to be:

[0044] The fan-shaped structure takes the origin as the center and draws arcs to both ends, with the left and right angles spanning 22.5° and a radius of 8.78mm. The extended tooth-shaped structure is divided into six teeth. The radius of the outer arc of the outermost tooth is equal to the radius of the fan-shaped structure, which is 8.78mm. The radius of the inner arc of the outermost tooth is reduced by a proportional factor of 0.877 relative to the radius of the outer arc. The radii of the remaining teeth are also reduced by a proportional factor of 0.877, and the teeth are arranged in the order of "left-right-left" from large to small. The rectangle cut at the vertex of the fan-shaped structure is used to place the first feeding probe 40. The length of the cut rectangle is 1mm and the width is 0.6mm, that is, the part of the fan-shaped structure 0.6mm from the vertex to the X-axis is cut, and the height of the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20 is 3.6mm. Undoubtedly, the parameters of the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 30 are the same as those of the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20 , and the rectangular cutout at the vertex of the fan-shaped structure of the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 30 is used to place the second feeding probe 50 .

[0045] See also Figures 1 to 5As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, the first feeding probe 40 and the second feeding probe 50 are planar rectangular structures, which are fed through the feeding port 60, so that the first toothed dielectric radiator 20 and the second toothed dielectric radiator 30 are fed with a phase difference of 180°.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first feeding probe 40 is aligned with the bottom axis of the starting sidewall of the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator 20 and is positioned perpendicular to the metal ground plane 10. The second feeding probe 50 is similarly positioned. The first and second feeding probes 40, 50 are symmetrical about the YOZ plane and have identical dimensions. They are used to transmit signals to the first and second tooth-shaped dielectric radiators 20, 30. Specifically, the feeding probes are 0.4 mm wide and 2 mm high.

[0047] See also Figures 1 to 5 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, a feed port 60 is located at the center of the metal ground plane 10, where excitation is applied to feed the entire antenna. The feed port 60 is connected end-to-end to the bottom edges of the second feed probe 50 and the first feed probe 40, respectively. The feed direction is from the second feed probe 50 to the first feed probe 40, thereby achieving a 180° phase difference between the first serrated dielectric radiator 20 and the second serrated dielectric radiator 30. Specifically, the feed port 60 is 1.2 mm long and 0.4 mm wide.

[0048] See also Figures 6 to 11 As shown in the figure, the electromagnetic simulation test of the self-complementary logarithmic periodic tooth dielectric resonator antenna with the above parameters is carried out. Figure 6 The electromagnetic simulation parameter curves for the antenna shown in the figure show a reflection coefficient less than -10 dB in the 11.23 GHz to 12.42 GHz frequency band, with resonance occurring at 11.6 GHz. This indicates that the antenna operates within the 11.23 GHz to 12.42 GHz frequency band. A reflection coefficient less than -10 dB indicates good impedance matching within this frequency band, effectively radiating most of the input signal power, with only a small amount reflected back. The frequency band (11.23 GHz to 12.42 GHz) represents the antenna's operating bandwidth, meaning that the antenna operates effectively within this frequency range.

[0049] from Figure 7 The electromagnetic simulation parameter curves for the antenna show that the gain in both directions remains stable at around 4 dB across the entire operating frequency band. Antenna gain is a key parameter that describes an antenna's directional radiation or reception capabilities. It represents the ratio of the antenna's radiation intensity in a specific direction to that of an ideal isotropic antenna. It reflects the antenna's ability to concentrate input power in a specific direction.

[0050] Figure 8 、 9 The electromagnetic simulation parameter curve of the antenna is the radiation pattern of the XOY plane and the XOZ plane at a frequency of 11.6 GHz. The black solid line is the main polarization, and the black dotted line is the cross polarization.

[0051] Figure 10 、 11 Figure 2 shows the radiation patterns of the antenna on the XOY and XOZ planes at a frequency of 12 GHz. The black solid line represents the main polarization, and the black dotted line represents the cross polarization.

[0052] in, Figure 8 、 9 and Figure 10 、 11 The antenna's directivity on both sides at 11.6 GHz and 12 GHz is shown. The antenna's radiation characteristics in space are displayed in polar coordinates, reflecting the antenna's directivity and gain distribution.

[0053] In one embodiment of the present invention, a spatial rectangular coordinate system O-XYZ is established, including an origin O, an X-axis, a Y-axis, and a Z-axis. The origin of the coordinate system is located at the center of the metal ground plane shown in the figure. To prevent overlap between the coordinate system and components and interference with the drawing, the coordinate system is drawn outside the eight-arm Archimedean spiral circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna. The dielectric radiator and dielectric substrate are both parallel to the XOY plane of the spatial rectangular coordinate system O-XYZ. The dielectric radiator is symmetrical about the origin.

[0054] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. It is intended that all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be embraced herein, and any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims to which they relate.

[0055] The above-mentioned embodiments merely represent the implementation methods of the invention. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. For those skilled in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-complementary logarithmic periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna, characterized in that: include: A metal ground plane (10); and a first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator (20), a second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator (30), a first feeding probe (40), and a second feeding probe (50) located on the metal ground plane (10); and also including a feeding port (60); A rectangular gap (11) is provided on the metal ground plane (10), and the feeding port (60) is located in the rectangular gap (11); the first feeding probe (40) is connected to the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator (20), and the second feeding probe (50) is connected to the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator (30); The first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator (20) and the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator (30) are arranged in a mirror-symmetrical manner and are a three-dimensional structure, and are perpendicular to the metal ground plane (10); the tooth-shaped structures extended by the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator (20) and the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator (30) have a logarithmic periodic variation in size, and the tooth-shaped structures of the two tooth-shaped dielectric radiators can achieve self-complementarity; The first feeding probe (40) and the second feeding probe (50) are planar rectangular structures and are both arranged perpendicular to the metal ground plane (10); the head and tail of the feeding port (60) are respectively connected to the bottom edges of the second feeding probe (50) and the first feeding probe (40); and the feeding direction is from the second feeding probe (50) to the first feeding probe (40).

2. The self-complementary log-periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding port (60) is located at the center of the metal ground plane (10), and the feeding port (60) does not contact the metal ground plane (10).

3. The self-complementary log-periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plane design of the tooth-shaped dielectric radiator is a fan-shaped structure, and tooth-shaped structures are set on both sides of the fan-shaped structure; a rectangle is cut at the vertex position of the fan-shaped structure; the tooth-shaped structure is divided into multiple teeth, and the teeth are arranged in order of "left-right-left" from large to small.

4. The self-complementary log-periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The radius of the outer arc of the outermost tooth of the tooth-shaped dielectric radiator is equal to the radius of the fan-shaped structure, and the radius of the inner arc of the outermost tooth is reduced by a proportional factor relative to the radius of the outer arc; the arc radii of other teeth are all reduced according to the proportional factor.

5. The self-complementary log-periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first feeding probe (40) is located at a rectangular cut at the vertex position of the fan-shaped structure of the first tooth-shaped dielectric radiator (20); and the second feeding probe (50) is located at a rectangular cut at the vertex position of the fan-shaped structure of the second tooth-shaped dielectric radiator (30).

6. The self-complementary log-periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first feeding probe (40) and the second feeding probe (50) are symmetrical about the YOZ plane, and the two feeding probes have the same size.

7. The self-complementary log-periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The self-complementary logarithmic periodic tooth-shaped dielectric resonator antenna adopts electromagnetic radiation.

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