A distributed photovoltaic power generation power line detection device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a distributed photovoltaic power generation power line detection device, including a walking component, a cleaning component and a detection component, wherein the walking component includes a first walking support and a second walking support arranged outside the power cable, wherein the first walking support and the second walking support have the same structure and are connected front to back, and a plurality of power wheels are arranged inside the first walking support and the second walking support; the plurality of power wheels are distributed around the first walking support and the second walking support, and the power wheel is a V-shaped rubber groove wheel that contacts the power cable, and the power wheel is driven by a walking motor and moves along the outside of the power cable through the wheel groove, and the plurality of power wheels drive the first walking support and the second walking support to walk along the length direction of the power cable and perform inspection work. The device of the present invention is small in size, can realize walking inspection of power cables, can detect and clean foreign objects on the cables, and has a wider range of applications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation line inspection, and in particular to a distributed photovoltaic power generation power line detection device. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic power generation system, referred to as photovoltaic, refers to a power generation system that uses the photovoltaic effect of photovoltaic cells to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy; as a new sustainable energy source, solar energy is increasingly valued by countries around the world for its pollution-free and renewable nature. In recent years, with more and more large-capacity photovoltaic power stations directly connected to the power grid, the mutual influence between photovoltaic power generation systems and the power grid has become increasingly complex; in solar power generation technology, photovoltaic cell power generation systems are currently widely used. The grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system converts the received solar radiation energy into high-voltage direct current through high-frequency direct current conversion by photovoltaic modules, and then outputs sinusoidal alternating current with the same phase and frequency as the grid voltage and current to the grid after inversion by the inverter.

[0003] Since most photovoltaic power stations are built outdoors in complex environments, the cable inspection for photovoltaic power stations in the prior art is divided into the following two schemes:

[0004] 1. Inspection based on drone technology, the public technologies are shown in CN110794873A and CN217821352U;

[0005] 2. Based on line inspection robots, the public technologies are shown in CN110932176B, CN119044826A, and CN118740043A;

[0006] Although the drone inspection solution is relatively efficient, most photovoltaic cables are in the wild. The drone inspection is easily interfered with in terms of detection accuracy and has high operating costs, which makes it difficult to meet the actual needs of photovoltaic power stations. Therefore, the inspection solution using line inspection robots can better meet the needs.

[0007] CN110932176B discloses a maintenance device for cleaning ice and snow on cables. In this patent application, the maintenance device includes a first shell; the side of the first shell is hinged to the walking part, and a plurality of groups of "I"-shaped first slide grooves are processed in the first shell, each group of first slide grooves is engaged with the cleaning device, one side of the cleaning device is engaged with the driving device, and the side of the driving device is fixedly connected to the fluid replenishing device; the device is brought to the top of the cable by an aircraft, and the driving device drives the rotation of the cleaning device to completely clean the ice and snow on the cable. At the same time, the driving device drives the fluid replenishing device located at the rear end of the device to rotate, and replenishes the cable glue in the recessed part of the cable to prevent the damaged cable from being further corroded after the ice and snow are cleaned, thereby affecting the power supply.

[0008] CN119044826A discloses a transmission line leakage detection device. In this patent application, the detection device includes a base, a walking mechanism, a detection mechanism, a battery, and a controller. The walking mechanism is rotatably mounted inside the base, the battery and the controller are mounted at the bottom of the base, auxiliary mechanisms are mounted on both sides of the base, the detection mechanism is mounted on one of the auxiliary mechanisms, the other auxiliary mechanism is mounted with a cleaning mechanism, a marking mechanism is mounted on the side of the base close to the detection mechanism, the battery is electrically connected to the controller, the walking mechanism, the cleaning mechanism, and the marking mechanism respectively and provides power for them, and the controller is electrically connected to the walking mechanism, the cleaning mechanism, and the marking mechanism respectively and controls their movement. After the detection mechanism of the present invention detects that there is leakage in the transmission line, the transmission line is marked by the marking mechanism, so that the location of the leakage can be quickly found during subsequent maintenance, thereby improving the maintenance work efficiency.

[0009] CN118740043A discloses a photovoltaic power station intelligent inspection equipment. In the patent application, the inspection equipment includes a mounting plate, a wheel assembly mounting rod, a mobile wheel assembly, a monitoring mounting plate, a temperature detector, an inspection monitoring cover and a monitoring camera. A plurality of wheel assembly mounting rods are fixedly mounted on the upper end of the mounting plate, and the mobile wheel assembly is movably mounted on the top of the wheel assembly mounting rod. The photovoltaic power station intelligent inspection equipment described in the present invention can be used for inspection at different heights, and has a long lifting and moving stroke, thereby increasing the inspection range, inspecting the photovoltaic power station below, inspecting the photovoltaic power station in the opposite direction, increasing the inspection direction, realizing current detection of photovoltaic conductive wires, improving the inspection effect of the equipment, realizing voltage detection of photovoltaic conductive wires, realizing the disassembly and assembly of the overall structure of the equipment, and the rapid disassembly and assembly of the measuring conductive rod and the current measuring clamp, and freely matching and using the inspection accessories.

[0010] When the above-mentioned prior arts are actually applied, CN119044826A and CN118740043A have the problem of large volume, which will inevitably increase the risk of cable breakage after installation. CN110932176B adopts a cylindrical structure with a smaller volume, but CN110932176B is mainly used for clearing ice and snow, ice cones and cable fluid replenishment. It is helpless in the case of branches, kites and other foreign objects hanging on some cables. Summary of the invention

[0011] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a distributed photovoltaic power generation power line detection device, which adopts a cylindrical walking component in conjunction with a detection component that can be telescopically moved inward and outward. It has a small size and can realize walking inspection of power cables. It can detect and clean foreign objects on the cables, such as kites, branches, garbage, icicles, etc., and the device has a wider range of applications.

[0012] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a distributed photovoltaic power generation power line detection device, comprising: a traveling component, a cleaning component and a detection component.

[0013] Preferably, the walking assembly includes a first walking support and a second walking support arranged outside the power cable, wherein the first walking support and the second walking support have the same structure and are connected front to back, and a plurality of power wheels are arranged inside the first walking support and the second walking support; the plurality of power wheels are distributed around the inside of the first walking support and the second walking support, and the power wheels are V-shaped rubber groove wheels that contact the power cable, and the power wheels are driven by the walking motor and move along the outside of the power cable through the wheel groove. The plurality of power wheels drive the first walking support and the second walking support to walk along the length direction of the power cable and perform inspection work.

[0014] Preferably, the cleaning component moves with the walking component and detects foreign objects (such as kites, branches, garbage, icicles, etc.) on the cable. The cleaning component is arranged outside the first walking support and the second walking support, and includes a first ring sleeve, a second ring sleeve, a gear ring, a gear module, an extension module, a spring, a friction wheel and a chain cutting module, wherein the first ring sleeve and the second ring sleeve are respectively movably mounted outside the first walking support and the second walking support, a plurality of support rods are connected between the first ring sleeve and the second ring sleeve, a gear ring is connected to the lower end of the first ring sleeve, the gear module is meshed with the gear ring and causes the first ring sleeve and the second ring sleeve to rotate relative to the power cable; the extension module is installed outside the first ring sleeve, and the extension module includes an I-shaped plate, a screw rod, a second motor, a nut seat and an extension arm.

[0015] Preferably, the detection component is installed on the extension arm, and the detection component includes a visual module and a servo, wherein the servo is connected to the lower end of the extension arm, and the servo shaft end is connected to the visual module, and the visual module is a CCD module based on visual detection.

[0016] Preferably, the detection component detects power cables based on the CCD module, and the detection range includes: cable damage detection, foreign object detection, ice detection, etc. The detection component can be communicated with the CCD cloud control platform to achieve real-time detection of power cables and control of the cleaning component.

[0017] Preferably, a plurality of groups of I-shaped plates are provided, and the plurality of groups of I-shaped plates are distributed in a ring shape outside the first ring sleeve, and a screw is rotatably installed on each I-shaped plate through an axle seat.

[0018] Preferably, the shaft end of the screw is connected to the second motor, the nut seat is sleeved on the screw, and the two sides of the nut seat are connected to the extension arms.

[0019] Preferably, the upper end of the extension arm is connected to a sliding seat that is slidably connected to the two side walls of the I-shaped plate, a frame is set in the middle of the extension arm, and a friction wheel is installed on the lower end of the extension arm facing the side of the second ring sleeve. When the second motor drives the screw to rotate, the extension arm moves toward the power cables inside the first ring sleeve and the second ring sleeve and makes the friction wheel contact the outside of the power cable.

[0020] Preferably, a chain cutting module is installed on the inner side of the frame, and the outer side of the chain cutting module extends out of the frame. The chain cutting module includes a third motor, a main sprocket, a secondary sprocket, a chain and cutting teeth, wherein the main sprocket is connected to the shaft end of the third motor, and the main sprocket and the secondary sprocket are linked by a chain, and cutting teeth are arranged on the outer side of the chain.

[0021] Preferably, the rear end of the frame is connected to a spring, and the end of the spring is connected to the second ring sleeve.

[0022] Preferably, the cleaning component adopts two cleaning schemes. The first is to use the second motor to drive the screw to rotate and move the extension arm inward along the I-shaped plate. The friction wheel at the bottom of the extension arm will contact the power cable. The friction wheel can clean up bird droppings, garbage, snow, icicles, etc. attached to the wires and cables. At the same time, in order to further improve the cleaning efficiency, a gear ring is connected to the lower end of the first ring sleeve, and the gear ring is driven by a gear module. When the gear module engages the gear ring, the first ring sleeve and the second ring sleeve will rotate relative to the power cable. At this time, the friction wheel can remove a circle of debris / snow / ice cones on the power cable, thereby keeping the cable smooth; the second is to use the second motor to drive the screw to rotate and move the extension arm outward along the I-shaped plate. At this time, the chain cutting module installed on the extension arm moves toward the outside of the cable. The chain cutting module can chop up larger debris hanging on the power cable, such as kites, branches, etc., to avoid affecting the normal use of the power cable.

[0023] Preferably, a battery is provided inside the frame for supplying power to the travel motor, the first motor, the second motor, the third motor and the vision module.

[0024] The present invention works in the following steps:

[0025] 1): The power wheel drives the first walking support and the second walking support to walk and inspect along the length direction of the power cable;

[0026] 2): The detection component performs real-time visual inspection of the surface of the power cable, marks the location of power cables with broken or worn surfaces for inspection, and selectively cleans debris and ice picks attached to the power cable based on the cleaning component.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The present invention adopts a cylindrical walking component in combination with a detection component that can be telescopically moved inward and outward. The device is compact and can realize walking inspection of power cables. It can detect and clean foreign objects on the cables, such as kites, branches, garbage, icicles, etc. The device has a wider range of applications.

[0029] 2. The cleaning component of the present invention adopts two cleaning schemes, which can respectively perform adaptive cleaning on bird droppings, garbage, snow, icicles, kites, branches, etc., and has a wider range of use, and can be applied to spring, summer, autumn and winter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a walking assembly in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cleaning component in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified schematic diagram of the local structure;

[0034] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the state when the present invention is applied.

[0035] In the figure:

[0036] 1. Traveling assembly; 11. First traveling support; 12. Second traveling support; 13. Power wheel;

[0037] 2. Cleaning assembly; 21. First ring sleeve; 22. Second ring sleeve; 23. Gear ring; 24. Gear module; 25. Extension module; 251. I-shaped plate; 252. Screw; 253. Second motor; 254. Nut seat; 255. Extension arm; 26. Spring; 27. Friction wheel; 28. Chain cutting module; 281. Chain; 282. Cutting teeth; 29. ​​Frame;

[0038] 3. Detect components. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "up", "down", "horizontal", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0042] The present invention provides a technical solution: a distributed photovoltaic power generation power line detection device, which adopts a cylindrical walking component in conjunction with a detection component that can be telescopically moved inward and outward. The device is small in size and can realize walking inspection of power cables. It can detect and clean foreign objects on the cables, such as kites, branches, garbage, icicles, etc., and the device has a wider range of applications.

[0043] See also Figure 1 A distributed photovoltaic power generation power line detection device includes: a walking component 1, a cleaning component 2 and a detection component 3.

[0044] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 In this embodiment, the walking assembly 1 includes a first walking support 11 and a second walking support 12 arranged outside the power cable, wherein the first walking support 11 and the second walking support 12 have the same structure and are connected front to back, and a plurality of power wheels 13 are arranged inside the first walking support 11 and the second walking support 12, and the plurality of power wheels 13 are distributed around the first walking support 11 and the second walking support 12, and the power wheel 13 is a V-shaped rubber groove wheel that contacts the power cable, and the power wheel 13 is driven by the walking motor and moves along the outside of the power cable through the wheel groove. The plurality of power wheels 13 drive the first walking support 11 and the second walking support 12 to walk along the length direction of the power cable and perform inspection work.

[0045] See also Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4In this embodiment, the cleaning component 2 moves with the walking component 1 and detects foreign objects (such as kites, branches, garbage, ice cones, etc.) on the cable. The cleaning component 2 is configured outside the first walking support 11 and the second walking support 12, and includes a first ring sleeve 21, a second ring sleeve 22, a gear ring 23, a gear module 24, a stretching module 25, a spring 26, a friction wheel 27 and a chain cutting module 28, wherein the first ring sleeve 21 and the second ring sleeve 22 are respectively movably sleeved on the first walking support 11 and the second walking support 1 2, a plurality of supporting rods are connected between the first ring sleeve 21 and the second ring sleeve 22, a gear ring 23 is connected to the lower end of the first ring sleeve 21, and a gear module 24 meshes with the gear ring 23 and makes the first ring sleeve 21 and the second ring sleeve 22 rotate relative to the power cable; the extension module 25 is installed outside the first ring sleeve 21, and the extension module 25 includes an I-shaped plate 251, a screw rod 252, a second motor 253, a nut seat 254 and an extension arm 255, wherein the I-shaped plate 251 is provided with a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of I-shaped plates 251 are distributed in an annular manner on the first ring sleeve 21, each I-shaped plate 251 is rotatably mounted with a screw rod 252 through an axle seat; the axle end of the screw rod 252 is connected to the second motor 253, the nut seat 254 is sleeved on the screw rod 252, and the two sides of the nut seat 254 are connected to the extension arm 255; the upper end of the extension arm 255 is connected to a slide seat that is slidably connected to the two side walls of the I-shaped plate 251, a frame 29 is set in the middle of the extension arm 255, and the lower end of the extension arm 255 is installed with a friction wheel 27 on the side facing the second ring sleeve 22, and the extension arm 255 is driven by the second motor 253 to drive the screw rod 253. When 252 rotates, it moves toward the power cables inside the first ring sleeve 21 and the second ring sleeve 22 and makes the friction wheel 27 contact the outside of the power cables; a chain cutting module 28 is installed on the inner side of the frame 29, and the outer side of the chain cutting module 28 extends out of the frame 29. The chain cutting module 28 includes a third motor, a main sprocket, a secondary sprocket, a chain 281 and a cutting tooth 282, wherein the main sprocket is connected to the shaft end of the third motor, and the main sprocket and the secondary sprocket are linked by the chain 281, and the cutting tooth 282 is arranged on the outer side of the chain 281.

[0046] In this embodiment, the cleaning component 2 adopts two cleaning schemes. The first is to use the second motor 253 to drive the screw 252 to rotate and make the extension arm 255 move inward along the I-shaped plate 251. The friction wheel 27 at the bottom of the extension arm 255 will contact the power cable. The friction wheel 27 can clean up bird droppings, garbage, snow, ice cones, etc. attached to the wires. At the same time, in order to further improve the cleaning efficiency, a gear ring 23 is connected to the lower end of the first ring sleeve 21. The gear ring 23 is driven by the gear module 24. When the gear module 24 engages with the gear ring 23, the first ring sleeve 21 is connected to the second motor 253. When the gear module 24 engages with the gear ring 23, the ... first ring sleeve 21 is connected to the second motor 253. When the gear module 24 engages with the gear ring 23, the first ring sleeve 21 is connected to the second motor 253. The first ring 21 and the second ring 22 will rotate relative to the power cable. At this time, the friction wheel 27 can remove a circle of debris / snow / ice cones on the power cable, so as to keep the cable smooth; the second method is to use the second motor 253 to drive the screw 252 to rotate, and move the extension arm 255 outward along the I-plate 251. At this time, the chain cutting module 28 installed on the extension arm 255 moves toward the outside of the cable. The chain cutting module 28 can chop up larger debris hanging on the power cable, such as kites, branches, etc., to avoid affecting the normal use of the power cable.

[0047] See also Figure 1 , Figure 4 In this embodiment, the detection component 3 is installed on the extension arm 255. The detection component 3 includes a visual module and a steering gear, wherein the steering gear is connected to the lower end of the extension arm 255, and the steering gear shaft end is connected to the visual module. The visual module is a CCD module based on visual detection. The detection component 3 detects the power cable based on the CCD module. The detection range includes: cable damage detection, foreign body detection, ice detection, etc. The detection component 3 can be connected to the CCD cloud control platform for communication, so as to realize real-time detection of the power cable and control of the cleaning component 2.

[0048] In this embodiment, the rear end of the frame 29 is connected to the spring 26 , and the end of the spring 26 is connected to the second ring sleeve 22 .

[0049] In this embodiment, a battery (not shown in the figure) is disposed inside the frame 29 to supply power to the travel motor, the first motor, the second motor 253 , the third motor and the vision module.

[0050] See also Figure 5 , the steps of the present invention are as follows:

[0051] 1): The power wheel 13 drives the first walking support 11 and the second walking support 12 to walk and inspect along the length direction of the power cable;

[0052] 2): The detection component 3 performs real-time visual inspection on the surface of the power cable, marks the location of the power cables with broken or worn surfaces, and selectively cleans the debris and ice cones attached to the power cables based on the cleaning component 2.

[0053] It is worth noting that the entire device is controlled by a general control system. Since the equipment matched with the control system is commonly used equipment and belongs to existing mature technology, its electrical connection relationship and specific circuit structure will not be described in detail here.

[0054] The standard parts used in the present invention can all be purchased from the market, and the special-shaped parts can be customized according to the description and the drawings. The specific connection methods of each part adopt conventional means such as mature bolts, rivets, welding, etc. in the prior art. The machinery, parts and equipment all adopt conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts the conventional connection method in the prior art, which will not be described in detail here. The contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in this field.

[0055] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A distributed photovoltaic power generation power line detection device, characterized in that: The detection device walks along the power cables for inspection and performs cable damage detection, foreign matter, ice detection and cleaning. The detection device includes: A walking assembly (1) comprises a first walking support (11) and a second walking support (12) arranged outside the power cable, wherein the first walking support (11) and the second walking support (12) have the same structure and are connected front to back, and a plurality of power wheels (13) are arranged inside the first walking support (11) and the second walking support (12); The cleaning assembly (2) is arranged outside the first walking support (11) and the second walking support (12), and comprises a first ring sleeve (21), a second ring sleeve (22), a gear ring (23), a gear module (24), an extension module (25), a spring (26), a friction wheel (27) and a chain cutting module (28), wherein the first ring sleeve (21) and the second ring sleeve (22) are respectively movably sleeved outside the first walking support (11) and the second walking support (12), and the first ring sleeve (21 ) and the second ring sleeve (22), a plurality of supporting rods are connected between the first ring sleeve (21), a gear ring (23) is connected to the lower end of the first ring sleeve (21), a gear module (24) is meshed with the gear ring (23) and enables the first ring sleeve (21) and the second ring sleeve (22) to rotate relative to the power cable; the extension module (25) is installed outside the first ring sleeve (21), and the extension module (25) comprises an I-shaped plate (251), a screw rod (252), a second motor (253), a nut seat (254) and an extension arm (255); The detection component (3) is installed on the extension arm (255), and the detection component (3) includes a visual module and a steering gear.

2. A distributed photovoltaic power generation power line detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of power wheels (13) are distributed in a circumferential manner on the inner sides of the first traveling support (11) and the second traveling support (12); the power wheels (13) are V-shaped rubber groove wheels that contact the power cables; the power wheels (13) are driven by the traveling motor and move along the outer sides of the power cables through the wheel grooves.

3. The distributed photovoltaic power generation power line detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steering gear is connected to the lower end of the extension arm (255), and the steering gear shaft end is connected to the visual module, which is a CCD module based on visual detection.

4. The distributed photovoltaic power generation power line detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The I-shaped plates (251) are provided in a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of I-shaped plates (251) are distributed in an annular shape outside the first ring sleeve (21), and a screw rod (252) is rotatably mounted on each I-shaped plate (251) through an axle seat.

5. The distributed photovoltaic power generation power line detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft end of the screw rod (252) is connected to the second motor (253), the nut seat (254) is sleeved on the screw rod (252), and the two sides of the nut seat (254) are connected to the extension arms (255).

6. A distributed photovoltaic power generation power line detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the extension arm (255) is connected to a sliding seat that is slidably connected to the two side walls of the I-shaped plate (251); a frame (29) is arranged in the middle of the extension arm (255); a friction wheel (27) is installed at the lower end of the extension arm (255) toward one side of the second ring sleeve (22); when the second motor (253) drives the screw rod (252) to rotate, the extension arm (255) moves toward the power cables inside the first ring sleeve (21) and the second ring sleeve (22) and makes the friction wheel (27) contact the outside of the power cables.

7. A distributed photovoltaic power generation power line detection device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A chain cutting module (28) is installed inside the frame (29), and the outer side of the chain cutting module (28) extends out of the frame (29). The chain cutting module (28) comprises a third motor, a main sprocket, a secondary sprocket, a chain (281) and cutting teeth (282), wherein the main sprocket is connected to the shaft end of the third motor, the main sprocket and the secondary sprocket are linked by the chain (281), and the cutting teeth (282) are arranged on the outer side of the chain (281).

8. A distributed photovoltaic power generation power line detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rear end of the frame (29) is connected to a spring (26), and the end of the spring (26) is connected to a second ring sleeve (22).

9. A distributed photovoltaic power generation power line detection device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A storage battery for supplying power to the walking motor, the first motor, the second motor (253), the third motor and the visual module is arranged inside the frame (29).

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