Expressway service area energy supply system coupled with vehicle-mounted carbon capture

Abstract

The invention discloses an expressway service area energy supply system coupled with vehicle-mounted carbon capture, which comprises a power supply part, a fused salt heat storage and heat supply part and a fuel synthesis part, and provides energy for service area operation and production and life of surrounding areas through multi-energy complementary utilization. Renewable energy sources are preferentially utilized to meet load requirements, the diesel generator is used for supplement when the load is insufficient, and power is purchased from a power grid if a gap still exists. The surplus electric power is used for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water and reacting with carbon dioxide captured by vehicle-mounted carbon capture equipment in automobile exhaust to prepare hydrocarbon fuel for service area operation and maintenance and automobile fuel filling. Fuel synthesis modes such as high-temperature heating, electro-catalysis and photocatalysis are flexibly selected according to different scenes and resource conditions. The system has the characteristic of carbon neutrality, is connected with an existing fuel system, and promotes on-site consumption of renewable energy sources in the expressway service area. Surplus electric power is converted into fuel, the energy storage effect is embodied, and the environmental protection property of the system is improved through carbon dioxide resource recycling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of distributed energy technology, and in particular to a highway service area energy supply system coupled with vehicle-mounted carbon capture. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of society and economy, the traffic volume on highways continues to grow. As one of the major emitters, the transportation industry accounts for more than 20% of global carbon dioxide emissions. With the promotion of global climate goals and the improvement of carbon emission regulations, countries are committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and carbon emission reduction in the transportation sector is urgent.

[0003] The main development directions of automobile emission reduction include electrification substitution and exhaust carbon capture. For vehicles with long-distance driving requirements such as freight heavy trucks, it is difficult to achieve electrification, so it is necessary to capture carbon from traditional fuel vehicles to achieve energy conservation and carbon reduction. A carbon dioxide capture and treatment device is installed behind the exhaust pipe of a heavy fuel truck to capture carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas during vehicle operation. The adsorbent material is heated by waste heat in the exhaust gas to fix the carbon dioxide to the tank on the truck. When one side of the device is heated, new carbon dioxide can be captured in the exhaust on the other side, and then switched back and forth, enabling continuous operation. When the vehicle is docked, a hose can be connected to a container storing carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide can be exported in a few minutes. Up to 80% of carbon dioxide can be captured, significantly reducing the carbon emissions of heavy trucks, and providing an effective transitional solution for emission reduction of traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, especially for areas such as heavy trucks and long-distance transport vehicles that are difficult to electrify quickly.

[0004] Recycling captured carbon dioxide is a very promising treatment method, and the reaction of carbon dioxide with hydrogen to produce hydrocarbon fuels is a hot topic of current research. As an important supporting facility for highways, service areas have increasingly diversified and complex energy needs, covering multiple aspects such as electricity, heat and fuel. However, the traditional service area energy supply model mainly relies on power grid power supply and fossil fuel supply, and renewable energy is less used. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop a low-carbon, economical and flexible highway service area energy supply system. By introducing renewable energy and energy storage technology, combined with carbon capture and resource utilization, it is possible to achieve on-site production, dynamic allocation and efficient utilization of energy, significantly reduce dependence on traditional energy, and improve the green level of the energy system. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention is aimed at the field of highway service area energy supply. Based on the characteristics of highway energy use scenarios, a highway service area energy supply system coupled with on-board carbon capture is proposed. Through the comprehensive utilization of multi-energy complementarity and combined with on-board carbon capture, the heat, electricity and fuel co-supply of the highway service area energy system is realized, and the decarbonization of the energy transportation industry and the optimization of the energy structure are promoted. The system includes a power supply part, a molten salt heat storage and heating part, and a fuel synthesis part. The battery and the molten salt tank are used for electricity and heat storage, respectively. The carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas of the car is captured during driving, and is exported in the highway service area, and is introduced into the reactor to react with the hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water, thereby meeting the service area's demand for hydrocarbon fuels, while avoiding possible safety issues in hydrogen transportation. The present invention promotes the on-site consumption and efficient utilization of renewable energy in the highway service area energy system through the reasonable design and operation of energy supply equipment and energy conversion equipment, and realizes the resource recovery of carbon dioxide. Through the switching of the reactor, the system can be applied to different demand scenarios, with significant economic and environmental performance.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A highway service area energy supply system coupled with on-board carbon capture, the system includes a power supply part, a molten salt heat storage and heating part, and a fuel synthesis part; in the power supply part, renewable energy includes wind turbines and integrated photovoltaic thermal equipment, wind turbines and photovoltaic power generation, to supply the power needs of highway service area electrical equipment; the molten salt heat storage and heating part is used to convert the electricity generated by renewable energy into thermal energy for storage and utilization; the fuel synthesis part recycles the carbon dioxide captured by the on-board carbon capture equipment to generate hydrocarbon fuels, which are supplied to the service area and the car's engine.

[0008] In the power supply part, the battery is used to store the power generated by renewable energy and release it when the power generation of renewable energy is insufficient; when the combined supply of renewable energy and batteries is still insufficient, a diesel generator is used for auxiliary energy supply. If it still cannot meet the load demand, electricity is supplemented through the power grid.

[0009] In the molten salt heat storage and heating part, the molten salt is heated up in the electric heater by the power generation of renewable energy, the heated molten salt is pressurized by the molten salt pump and stored in the high-temperature molten salt tank, the outlet molten salt of the high-temperature molten salt tank releases heat and cools in the steam generator and the return water heater in turn, and then flows into the low-temperature molten salt tank for storage, and the outlet molten salt of the low-temperature molten salt tank enters the electric heater to absorb heat and heat up again; water absorbs heat in the return water heater and the steam generator in turn to supply the thermal energy demand of the heating equipment in the highway service area, and after cooling and being pressurized by the water pump, it returns to the return water heater to continue absorbing heat; the heat generated by the photovoltaic and thermal integrated equipment in the renewable energy is transported to the heating equipment by water, and returns to the renewable energy after cooling.

[0010] The steam generator and the return water heater both adopt countercurrent heat exchange, the heat source is molten salt, and the cold source is water; the water is first preheated in the return water heater, and then evaporates in the steam generator to form high-temperature steam.

[0011] In the fuel synthesis part, electricity drives the electrolysis of water in the electrolyzer, and the generated hydrogen is introduced into the reactor. The excess hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank and released when the hydrogen is insufficient. The carbon dioxide captured by the on-board carbon capture device enters the reactor and reacts with the hydrogen. The synthesized hydrocarbon fuel is stored in the fuel tank to supply the fuel needs of highway service area operation and maintenance and automobile engines.

[0012] Hydrogen and carbon dioxide can react through different types of methods, corresponding to different applicable scenarios, reaction sites and reaction conditions; the high-temperature heating method is suitable for scenarios with large fuel demand and sufficient heat storage. The reactor is a fixed bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor, and the outlet water vapor of the steam generator is used as the heat source; the electrocatalytic method is suitable for scenarios with small fuel demand and sufficient electricity. The reactor is an electrochemical reactor, which uses renewable energy power generation as power; the photocatalytic method is suitable for scenarios with small fuel demand and sufficient light. The reactor is a photoreactor, which directly uses sunlight as power; different reaction methods can be used in combination.

[0013] The present invention has the following advantages and effects:

[0014] 1) By utilizing renewable energy locally, it helps to reduce the wind and solar power abandonment rates and improve the energy self-sufficiency level of highway service areas;

[0015] 2) Capture carbon dioxide from automobile exhaust and recycle it to generate hydrocarbon fuels to meet the needs of service area operation and maintenance and automobile fuel, protect the local ecological environment, promote regional carbon neutrality and increase economic benefits;

[0016] 3) The combination of multiple energy storage methods can achieve short-term and medium- to long-term energy storage, effectively reduce energy waste, and improve the robustness of system operation;

[0017] 4) The switching of the reaction modes of carbon dioxide and hydrogen can be applied to different application scenarios and specific needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the highway service area energy supply system coupled with on-board carbon capture.

[0019] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a highway service area energy supply system based on high-temperature heating to generate hydrocarbon fuels.

[0020] Figure 3Schematic diagram of a highway service area energy supply system based on electrocatalytic generation of hydrocarbon fuels.

[0021] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the highway service area energy supply system based on photocatalytic generation of hydrocarbon fuels.

[0022] In the figure: 1-renewable energy; 2-battery; 3-electric equipment; 4-electric heater; 5-molten salt pump; 6-high-temperature molten salt tank; 7-steam generator; 8-return water heater; 9-low-temperature molten salt tank; 10-heating equipment; 11-water pump; 12-electrolyzer; 13-hydrogen storage tank; 14-reactor; 15-on-board carbon capture equipment; 16-engine; 17-fuel tank; 18-diesel generator; 19-power grid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention proposes a highway service area energy supply system coupled with vehicle-mounted carbon capture and an operation method, and the specific process is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0024] like Figure 1 The highway service area energy supply system coupled with on-board carbon capture shown includes a power supply part, a molten salt heat storage and heating part, and a fuel synthesis part.

[0025] The highway service area installs wind turbines and photovoltaic thermal integration equipment as renewable energy 1 to provide daily electricity for the highway service area electrical equipment 3, such as lighting, monitoring equipment, charging piles, etc. When the renewable energy 1 generates excess electricity, the battery 2 is used to store excess electricity. When the load demand is too large or the weather conditions are bad, the battery 2 releases electricity to ensure the stability of the system power supply. When the combined supply of renewable energy 1 and battery 2 is still insufficient, a diesel generator 18 is used for auxiliary energy supply. If the load demand still cannot be met, electricity is supplemented through the power grid 19. The heat generated by the photovoltaic thermal integration equipment in the renewable energy 1 is transported to the highway service area heating equipment 10 through water to supply the hot water demand of the service area. After cooling, it flows back to the photovoltaic thermal integration equipment in the renewable energy 1 for cooling the surface of the photovoltaic module.

[0026] After the low-temperature molten salt is heated in the electric heater 4, the molten salt pump 5 transports it to the high-temperature molten salt tank 6 for storage. The molten salt uses solar salt, which has a high specific heat capacity and good stability; the melting temperature and decomposition temperature of solar salt are 220°C and 593°C respectively. In order to ensure safe operation and avoid the risks of material decomposition and pipeline corrosion, the operating temperature is usually between 290°C and 565°C, that is: the temperature of high-temperature molten salt does not exceed 565°C, and the temperature of low-temperature molten salt is not lower than 290°C. The high-temperature molten salt flows through the steam generator 7 and the return water heater 8 in turn, and after two heat releases and cooling, it flows to the low-temperature molten salt tank 9 for storage, and then returns to the electric heater 4 for heating, forming a molten salt cycle. The high-temperature molten salt tank 6 stores high-temperature molten salt when there is excess heat, and releases it during the peak period of heat use to ensure heating demand.

[0027] The heat released by the molten salt is used to meet the heat demand of the service area, including building heating and steam supply, etc. After the water is preheated by the molten salt through countercurrent heat exchange in the return water heater 8, it is further heated in the steam generator 7 to form high-temperature steam, which is then pressurized by the water pump 11 after the heat is released by the heating equipment 10 and returned to the return water heater 8, forming a water cycle.

[0028] Electric energy drives the electrolyzer 12, which electrolyzes water to produce hydrogen. The generated hydrogen is introduced into the reactor 14, and the excess hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 13. The on-board carbon capture device 15 captures carbon dioxide from the vehicle exhaust during driving, and when the vehicle drives to the highway service area, the carbon dioxide is concentrated and discharged and transported to the reactor 14. The reactor 14 synthesizes hydrocarbon fuels, and the synthesized hydrocarbon fuels are stored in the fuel tank 17 to supply the fuel needs of the highway service area operation and maintenance and the vehicle engine 16, including the operation and maintenance of the service area, vehicle refueling, or as emergency backup fuel in the surrounding areas. The reaction mode of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is selected according to the fuel demand and resource conditions of the service area:

[0029] When the fuel demand is large and the molten salt has sufficient heat storage, a high temperature heating method is used. The reactor 14 is a fixed bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor. The high temperature steam generated by the steam generator 7 is used as a heat source to synthesize hydrocarbon fuels in the fixed bed reactor or the fluidized bed reactor. Figure 2As shown. When the reaction temperature is 300℃~400℃ and the reaction pressure is 0.1MPa~3MPa, nickel-based catalysts can be used to generate methane with high selectivity. As a natural gas alternative fuel, nickel has good carbon-hydrogen bond formation activity and can efficiently catalyze the synthesis of methane; when the reaction temperature is 200℃~300℃ and the reaction pressure is 5MPa~10MPa, copper-based catalysts can be used to synthesize methanol. Copper-based catalysts have extremely high selectivity for methanol production and can inhibit the production of by-products such as methane and carbon; when the reaction temperature is 200℃~350℃ and the reaction pressure is 1MPa~5MPa, iron-based or cobalt-based catalysts can be used to synthesize liquid hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel and gasoline, which have strong tolerance to impurities contained in the raw gas. .

[0030] When the fuel demand is small and the renewable energy generation is sufficient, the electrocatalytic method is used. The reactor 14 is an electrochemical reactor. The power generation of the renewable energy 1 is used as the power source. The electric energy is used to synthesize carbon dioxide and hydrogen in the electrochemical reactor and directly convert them into hydrocarbon fuels such as methanol. Figure 3 shown.

[0031] When the fuel demand is small and the sunshine is sufficient, the photocatalytic method is adopted, e.g. Figure 4 The reactor 14 is a photoreactor, which directly uses sunlight as power. Under the action of photocatalysts such as titanium dioxide, solar energy is used in the photoreactor to drive carbon dioxide and hydrogen to react to generate methanol, methane or longer-chain hydrocarbons.

[0032] The system dynamically adjusts the operating status of the battery, molten salt heat storage and fuel synthesis device according to the real-time energy demand of the service area and the amount of carbon captured on the vehicle. The synthesized hydrocarbon fuel provides fuel filling according to the needs of the vehicle, promoting the resource utilization of captured carbon dioxide. According to different scenarios and resource conditions, high-temperature heating, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis and other fuel synthesis methods can be flexibly selected.

[0033] The present invention focuses on the coordinated and comprehensive utilization of multiple energies, couples vehicle-mounted carbon capture technology with carbon dioxide resource utilization, realizes the multi-generation of electricity, heat, and fuel in highway service areas, maximizes the use of renewable energy, and promotes the self-sufficiency of the energy system in highway service areas. It provides a low-carbon fuel supply for service areas and passing vehicles, reduces overall carbon emissions, and promotes the green transformation of highway energy systems.

[0034] In addition, it should be noted that the shapes and names of the parts of the specific embodiments described in this specification may be different. Any equivalent or simple changes made based on the structure, features and principles described in the patent concept of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the patent of the present invention. The technicians in the technical field of the present invention make various modifications or supplements to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, they should all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A highway service area energy supply system coupled with vehicle-mounted carbon capture, characterized in that: The system includes a power supply part, a molten salt heat storage and heating part, and a fuel synthesis part; in the power supply part, the renewable energy (1) includes a wind turbine and a photovoltaic thermal integrated device, and the wind turbine and photovoltaic power generation supply the power demand of the electrical equipment (3) in the highway service area; the molten salt heat storage and heating part is used to convert the electric energy generated by the renewable energy (1) into thermal energy for storage and utilization; the fuel synthesis part recycles the carbon dioxide captured by the on-board carbon capture device (15) to generate hydrocarbon fuel, which is supplied to the service area and the engine (16) of the car for use.

2. The highway service area energy supply system coupled with vehicle-mounted carbon capture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the power supply part, the storage battery (2) is used to store the power generated by the renewable energy (1) and release it when the power generated by the renewable energy (1) is insufficient; when the combined supply of the renewable energy (1) and the storage battery (2) is still insufficient, a diesel generator (18) is used for auxiliary energy supply. If it still cannot meet the load demand, the power grid (19) is used to supplement the power.

3. The highway service area energy supply system coupled with vehicle-mounted carbon capture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the molten salt heat storage and heat supply part, the molten salt is heated by electric drive in the electric heater (4), the heated molten salt is pressurized by the molten salt pump (5) and stored in the high-temperature molten salt tank (6), the outlet molten salt of the high-temperature molten salt tank (6) releases heat and cools in the steam generator (7) and the return water heater (8) in turn, and then flows into the low-temperature molten salt tank (9) for storage, and the outlet molten salt of the low-temperature molten salt tank (9) enters the electric heater (4) to absorb heat and heat again; water absorbs heat in the return water heater (8) and the steam generator (7) in turn to supply the heat energy demand of the heating equipment (10) in the highway service area, and after cooling, it is pressurized by the water pump (11) and then returns to the return water heater (8) to continue absorbing heat; the heat generated by the photovoltaic and thermal integrated equipment in the renewable energy (1) is transported to the heating equipment (10) by water, and returns to the renewable energy (1) after cooling.

4. The highway service area energy supply system coupled with vehicle-mounted carbon capture according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The steam generator (7) and the return water heater (8) both use countercurrent heat exchange, the heat source is molten salt, and the cold source is water; the water is first preheated in the return water heater (8), and then evaporates in the steam generator (7) to form high-temperature steam.

5. The highway service area energy supply system coupled with vehicle-mounted carbon capture according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The molten salt in the high-temperature molten salt tank (6) and the low-temperature molten salt tank (9) is solar salt, and the melting temperature and decomposition temperature are 220° C. and 593° C. respectively. In order to ensure safe operation and avoid the risks of material decomposition and pipeline corrosion, the operating temperature is between 290° C. and 565° C.

6. The highway service area energy supply system coupled with vehicle-mounted carbon capture according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the fuel synthesis part, electricity drives the electrolysis of water in the electrolytic cell (12), and the generated hydrogen is introduced into the reactor (14). The excess hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank (13) and released when the hydrogen is insufficient. The carbon dioxide captured in the on-board carbon capture device (15) enters the reactor (14) and reacts with the hydrogen. The synthesized hydrocarbon fuel is stored in the fuel tank (17) to supply the fuel demand of the highway service area operation and maintenance and the automobile engine (16).

7. The highway service area energy supply system coupled with vehicle-mounted carbon capture according to claim 6 is characterized in that: Hydrogen and carbon dioxide react through different types of methods, corresponding to different applicable scenarios, reaction sites and reaction conditions; the high-temperature heating method is suitable for scenarios with large fuel demand and sufficient heat storage, and the reactor (14) is a fixed bed reactor or a fluidized bed reactor, using the outlet water vapor of the steam generator (7) as the heat source; the electrocatalytic method is suitable for scenarios with small fuel demand and sufficient electricity, and the reactor (14) is an electrochemical reactor, using the power generation of renewable energy (1) as the power source; the photocatalytic method is suitable for scenarios with small fuel demand and sufficient light, and the reactor (14) is a photoreactor, directly using sunlight as the power source; different reaction methods can be used in combination.

8. The highway service area energy supply system coupled with vehicle-mounted carbon capture according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The fixed bed reactor or fluidized bed reactor uses a nickel-based catalyst to highly selectively generate methane as a natural gas substitute fuel when the reaction temperature is 300°C to 400°C and the reaction pressure is 0.1MPa to 3MPa; uses a copper-based catalyst to synthesize methanol when the reaction temperature is between 200°C and 300°C and the reaction pressure is 5MPa to 10MPa; and uses an iron-based or cobalt-based catalyst to synthesize liquid hydrocarbon fuels when the reaction temperature is between 200°C and 350°C and the reaction pressure is 1MPa to 5MPa.

9. The highway service area energy supply system coupled with vehicle-mounted carbon capture according to claim 7, characterized in that: When the reactor (14) is a photoreactor, the photocatalyst is titanium dioxide, and solar energy is used in the photoreactor to drive the reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen to generate methanol, methane or longer-chain hydrocarbons.

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