Drought-resistant planting method for peach trees

Abstract

The invention discloses a drought-resistant planting method for peach trees, which can realize the effects of preserving soil moisture, improving the utilization efficiency of natural rainfall, avoiding irrigation management, avoiding weed-free cultivation in a garden plot and realizing one-time sand covering and multi-year use through dynamic maintenance of a sand layer by performing sand covering cultivation in a peach garden in an arid and semi-arid region. By means of the sand-covered cultivation method, limited rainfall can be effectively utilized, ground water evaporation is reduced, irrigation and water resource consumption are reduced, and growth and fruiting of the peach trees in the drought environment are improved. The method is suitable for drought and water-resource-deficient areas, and has the comprehensive benefits of saving water, increasing yield and protecting soil.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of economic crop planting, and in particular to a drought-resistant planting method for peach trees. Background Art

[0002] Peach is a common fruit tree, which is widely planted in many areas of my country. However, in some arid and semi-arid areas, the growth and fruiting of peach trees face severe challenges. The traditional method of planting peach trees requires a large amount of irrigation water, which is difficult to achieve in areas with scarce water resources, and excessive irrigation may also lead to problems such as soil structure damage and nutrient loss. Therefore, a method of planting peach trees that is adapted to arid environments is needed, which can not only facilitate the growth and fruiting of peach trees, but also save water resources and protect the soil. Sand covering is a special soil covering mode. Once covered with sand, it can be used for more than 20 to 30 years. It can achieve the purpose of storing water and conserving moisture during farming, reducing surface evaporation, increasing soil temperature, and increasing production and income. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned technical limitations, the present application proposes a drought-resistant planting method for peach trees, which overcomes the deficiencies and defects mentioned in the background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions: The invention of the present application is to provide a drought-resistant planting method for peach trees, which specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Level the land, plan the spacing between rows and plants, dig planting trenches or planting holes, and shallowly plant the peach seedlings in the planting trenches or planting holes (planting should be shallow, that is, after the seedlings are planted, the roots and stems are exposed at the soil mark, which is shallower than planting in paddy fields), and the tree tray is lower than the ground level (that is, the entire tree tray is shallow, lower than the ground level, which is conducive to rain collection. Generally, the trunk in the center of the tree tray is 10-20cm lower than the outer periphery of the tree tray); S2. After the seedlings are planted, the garden is leveled and the entire garden is covered with clean fine sand or gravel with a diameter of less than 5 cm, with a thickness of 10-15 cm; S3. Prune peach trees every winter (from leaf fall to bud break) and summer (from bud break to fruit harvest) starting from the year of planting. S4. Every autumn, start from the outer edge of the tree canopy and move inwards. Select the fertilization location (the area inwards from the outer edge of the tree canopy projection), cut off the 45-55cm wide compressed sand layer, dig a fertilizer ditch, pile the excavated soil aside, do not mix it with the sand layer, then mix the excavated soil from the fertilizer ditch (25-35cm wide, 25-35cm deep, 90-110cm long) with the fertilizer, fill it back and compact it, and restore the sand layer. Fertilize alternately in the north-south direction one year and the east-west direction another year; S5. Starting from the year of planting, the whole garden should be threshed with sand once before winter (after fruit picking in autumn but before the soil freezes) and once after the soil thaws in spring (after the soil thaws in spring but before budding). The large grains of sand should be turned to the upper layer and the small grains of sand should be poured into the surface layer; keep the sand and soil separated.

[0005] Optionally, in the above-mentioned drought-resistant planting method for peach trees, in step S1, the plant spacing is determined according to the growth characteristics of the peach trees and the planting plan, wherein the plant spacing is 2-3m, and the row spacing is 4-5m; the planting ditch depth is 55-65cm, and the width is 55-65cm; the planting hole depth is 55-65cm, and the diameter is 55-65cm.

[0006] Optionally, in the above-mentioned drought-resistant planting method for peach trees, in step S2, the thickness of the sand covering is selected to be 10 cm, 11 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm, 14 cm or 15 cm.

[0007] Optionally, in the above-mentioned drought-resistant planting method for peach trees, in step S3, during winter pruning, the side branches below 58-62 cm from the ground on the main trunk of the peach tree, as well as all crossed branches and overlapping branches are removed, and 2-3 main branches are retained, and 1-2 side branches are retained on each main branch; during summer pruning, when the new shoots grow to 28-32 cm, the back branches and overgrown branches are pinched or thinned.

[0008] Optionally, in the above-mentioned drought-resistant planting method for peach trees, in step S4, when fertilizing in autumn, a fertilizer ditch is opened inward from the projection of the tree crown, the compressed sand layer is removed, and 20-30 kg of organic fertilizer (commercial organic fertilizer or decomposed farmyard manure, livestock manure) and 0.8-1.2 kg of compound fertilizer (diammonium phosphate, special fertilizer for fruit trees) are applied to each peach tree.

[0009] Optionally, in the above-mentioned drought-resistant planting method for peach trees, in step S5, when plowing before winter of the planting year and after the soil thaws in spring, a plowing tool with a plow tip width of 9-11 cm is used, and the plowing operation is performed when the soil moisture of the sand field over 5 years old is 60-80% after heavy rain.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages: Compared with the prior art, the drought-resistant planting method of peach trees provided by the present invention has the following advantages: 1. Solve the problems faced by existing peach planting methods in arid areas, such as limited growth and fruiting, lack of irrigation conditions, waste of water resources, large surface evaporation, and damage to the surface arable layer; 2. Shallow planting helps the roots of seedlings to better adapt to the soil environment, which is beneficial to the growth of the roots and the absorption of nutrients and water; 3. Covering the sand layer can reduce the evaporation of soil moisture, play a role in retaining moisture and increasing temperature. It can also regulate the temperature of the soil, inhibit the growth of weeds, and create a relatively suitable soil environment for the growth of peach trees; 4. Winter pruning can adjust the tree structure of peach trees, remove dead branches, diseased branches and overcrowded branches, etc., to ensure that peach trees can have good ventilation and light conditions in the next year; summer pruning focuses on controlling the growth potential of peach trees and promoting flower bud differentiation and fruit development; 5. Based on the sand covering treatment and the adaptation mechanism of peach trees themselves, no irrigation is required throughout the year from the time the seedlings survive after planting, which can reduce the dependence on external irrigation water sources in a drought environment, thus achieving drought-resistant planting of peach trees; 6. The fertilization method can ensure that the peach trees get enough nutrients without damaging the sand layer, which is beneficial to the moisture retention and soil conditioning function of the sand layer and is conducive to the long-term use of the sand layer; 7. Threshing operations help loosen the sand layer, inhibit the growth of weeds, improve the air permeability, water permeability and moisture retention capacity of the sand layer, and promote the growth of peach tree roots. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of a drought-resistant planting method for peach trees in one embodiment of the present application.

[0012] Figure 2 Shown is a real-life comparison of peach tree cultivation in a sand-covered field and a soil field.

[0013] Figure 3 Shown is a real-life picture of peach trees being cultivated in a sand-covered field.

[0014] Figure 4 Shown is a real-life picture of a field covered with fine sand and planted with peach trees.

[0015] Figure 5 Shown is a real-life picture of peach trees being grown in dryland fields.

[0016] Figure 6 Shown is a real-life picture of peach trees planted with a mixture of coarse sand and fine sand as cover.

[0017] Figure 7 A comparison of the actual scene of peach trees planted in coarse sand and fine sand Figure 8 Shown is a real-life picture of clearing dryland fields and planting peach trees. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clear, the present application is further described in detail below. However, it should be understood that the description here is only used to explain the present application and is not used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0019] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present application, and the terms used herein in the specification of the present application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present application. The reagents and instruments used herein are all commercially available, and the characterization means involved can refer to the relevant descriptions in the prior art, which will not be repeated herein.

[0020] In order to further understand the present application, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the best embodiment.

[0021] Example 1 The drought-resistant planting method of peach trees specifically includes the following steps: S1. Level the land, plan the spacing between rows and plants, dig planting trenches or planting holes, and shallowly plant peach seedlings in planting trenches or planting holes (planting should be shallow, that is, after the seedlings are planted, the root and stem soil marks are exposed, which is shallower than paddy field planting), and the tree plate is lower than the garden plane (that is, the entire tree plate is shallow, lower than the garden plane, which is conducive to rain collection. Generally, the trunk at the center of the tree plate is 10-20cm lower than the periphery of the tree plate, preferably 15cm); wherein the spacing between rows and plants is determined according to the growth characteristics and planting plan of peach trees, wherein the spacing between rows and plants is 2-3m (preferably 2.5m), and the spacing between rows is 4-5m (preferably 4.5m); the depth of the planting trench is 55-65cm (preferably 60cm), and the width is 55-65cm (preferably 60cm); the depth of the planting hole is 55-65cm (preferably 60cm), and the diameter is 55-65cm (preferably 60cm); S2. After the seedlings are planted, the garden is leveled and the entire garden is covered with clean fine sand or gravel with a diameter of less than 5 cm (preferably 3 cm). The thickness of the sand covering is selected to be 10 cm, 11 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm, 14 cm or 15 cm (preferably 13 cm); S3. Starting from the year of planting, the peach trees are pruned in winter (from leaf fall to budding period) and summer (from budding to fruit picking) every year; wherein, during winter pruning, the side branches below the height of 58-62 cm (preferably 60 cm) from the ground on the main trunk of the peach tree, as well as all cross branches and overlapping branches are removed, and 2-3 main branches (preferably 2) are retained, and 1-2 side branches (preferably 1) are retained on each main branch; during summer pruning, when the new shoots grow to 28-32 cm (preferably 30 cm), the back branches and overgrown branches are pinched or thinned; S4. When applying basal fertilizer every autumn, from the outer edge of the crown to the inside, select the fertilization position (the outer area of ​​the crown projection to the inside), cut off the 45-55cm wide pressed sand layer (preferably 50cm), mix the soil dug out of the fertilizer ditch (25-35cm wide, 25-35cm deep, 90-110cm long, preferably 30cm wide, 30cm deep, 100cm long) with the fertilizer, backfill and restore the sand layer after compaction, and fertilize alternately in the north-south direction of one year and the east-west direction of one year; 20-30kg of organic fertilizer (preferably 25kg, select commercial organic fertilizer or decomposed farmyard manure, livestock manure) and 0.8-1.2kg of compound fertilizer (preferably 1kg, select diammonium phosphate, chemical fertilizers such as special fertilizers for fruit trees) are applied to each peach tree; S5. Starting from the year of transplanting, the whole garden should be hoeed once before winter (after fruit picking in autumn but before soil freezing) and once after soil thawing in spring (after soil thawing in spring but before budding). Large-grained sand should be turned to the upper layer and small-grained sand should be poured into the surface layer to keep the sand and soil separated. When hoeing before winter in the year of transplanting and after soil thawing in spring, a hoeing tool with a hoe tip width of 9-11 cm (preferably 10 cm) should be used. For sand fields over 5 years old, hoeing should be carried out when the soil moisture is 60-80% (preferably 70%) after heavy rain.

[0022] Example 2 Test 1: From March to August, the effect of sand covering on dry land on the water content at 20 cm of soil is shown in Table 1: Table 1 It can be seen from Table 1 that from March to August, the soil moisture content at 20 cm in the dryland sand-covered peach orchard was higher than that in the control soil field. In the same period of 2018-2019, the soil moisture content in the sand field was 29.75%, 33.04% and 25.21% higher than the control, respectively.

[0023] Test 2: The effects of sand covering on dry land on tree trunk diameter, new shoot growth and yield are shown in Table 2.

[0024] The experimental area and the control area are adjacent to each other. In 2018, all trees were 4-year-old Longmi 9 varieties with mountain peach as rootstock.

[0025] Table 2 As shown in Table 2, after the dryland peach orchard was covered with sand, the trunk diameter increased by 11mm, 9mm and 8mm in 2018-2020, which were all higher than the increase of 6mm, 5mm and 5mm in the trunk diameter of the soil field in the control area; the growth of new shoots was 12.95%, 15.57% and 11.4% higher than the control; the fruit yield increased by 25%, 37.78% and 40.12% compared with the control. Compared with the dryland soil field, the dryland sand-covered field showed good moisture conservation, rain collection and warming characteristics.

[0026] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A drought-resistant planting method for peach trees, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Level the land, plan the spacing between rows and plants, dig planting trenches or planting holes, shallowly plant the peach seedlings in the planting trenches or planting holes, and push the soil so that the concave surface of the tree plate area is lower than the ground level, with the trunk being the lowest, 10-20cm below the ground level; S2. After the seedlings are planted, level the garden and cover the entire garden with clean fine sand or gravel with a diameter of less than 5 cm, with a thickness of 10-15 cm. Once covered with sand, it can be used for many years; S3. Prune peach trees every winter and summer starting from the year of planting; S4. Every autumn, start from the outer edge of the tree canopy and move inwards. Select a fertilization location, cut off a 45-55cm wide compressed sand layer, dig a fertilizer ditch, pile the excavated soil next to it, do not mix it with the sand layer, mix the excavated soil with the fertilizer, fill it back and compact it to restore the sand layer, and apply fertilizer alternately in the north-south direction one year and the east-west direction another year; S5. Starting from the year of planting, the whole garden should be threshed with sand once before winter and once in spring after the soil thaws. Do not damage the soil layer under the sand layer. Turn the large sand to the upper layer and pour the small sand into the surface layer; keep the sand and soil separated.

2. A drought-resistant planting method for peach trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the spacing between rows and plants is determined according to the growth characteristics of peach trees and the planting plan, wherein the spacing between rows and plants is 2-3m, and the spacing between rows is 4-5m; the depth of the planting ditch is 55-65cm, and the width is 55-65cm; the depth of the planting hole is 55-65cm, and the diameter is 55-65cm.

3. A drought-resistant planting method for peach trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the thickness of the sand coating is selected to be 10 cm, 11 cm, 12 cm, 13 cm, 14 cm or 15 cm.

4. A drought-resistant planting method for peach trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, during winter pruning, the side branches below the height of 58-62 cm from the ground on the main trunk of the peach tree, as well as all the crossed branches and overlapping branches are removed, and 2-3 main branches are retained, and 1-2 side branches are retained on each main branch; during summer pruning, when the new shoots grow to 28-32 cm, the back branches and the overgrown branches are pinched or thinned.

5. The drought-resistant planting method for peach trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, when applying basal fertilizer in autumn, a fertilizer trench is opened on the inner side under the tree crown projection, and the pressed sand layer is removed before trenching. 20-30 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.8-1.2 kg of compound fertilizer are applied to each peach tree trench.

6. The drought-resistant planting method for peach trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, when ploughing before winter in the year of planting and after the soil thaws in spring, a ploughing tool with a plough tip width of 9-11 cm is used, and the ploughing operation is performed when the soil moisture of the sand field over 5 years old is 60-80% after heavy rain.

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