Seedling raising method for grafting double-headed tomato on rootstock

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural seedling raising, and particularly discloses a seedling raising method for rootstock grafting of double-headed tomatoes. The method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a substrate: mixing peat soil, vermiculite, perlite and coco coir according to a weight ratio of 5: (2-2.5): 2: (3-4), then blending the mixture with an antibacterial solution until the humidity of a solid-liquid blend reaches 80-85% to obtain a substrate material, and performing laying and hole pressing to obtain the substrate; s2, sowing and budding; s3, removing growing points and dividing double heads; s4, grafting and healing; s5, transplanting and growing to obtain double-end grafted tomato seedlings. According to the seedling raising method, the planting cost is reduced, the yield in the planting season is increased, and meanwhile the survival rate of tomato double-head grafted seedlings is increased to the same level as that of tomato single-head grafted seedlings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of agricultural seedling cultivation, and in particular to a seedling cultivation method for rootstock-grafted double-headed tomatoes. Background Art

[0002] Tomato seedling cultivation is a key link in greenhouse tomato production. The quality of seedling cultivation directly affects the yield, quality, disease resistance and cost of long-term tomato cultivation. Excellent seedling cultivation methods can not only improve the yield and quality of tomatoes, but also reduce the amount of seeds used, thereby reducing the economic burden on growers. At present, the seedling cultivation methods widely used in the market mainly include single-head grafting and non-grafting methods. Although these methods can meet production needs to a certain extent, there is still much room for improvement in reducing costs and improving efficiency.

[0003] Among the existing tomato seedling cultivation methods, there are two common methods: one is the grafting method, which is to graft the rootstock and the scion. Although this method is simple to operate, it requires a large amount of seeds and has a high planting cost; the other is the non-grafting seedling cultivation method, which is to directly sow tomato seeds. This method requires less seeds, but has a longer seedling cultivation cycle, and is also susceptible to diseases and pests, so the yield per planting season is low.

[0004] Now some researchers have proposed to use double-head grafting to raise tomato seedlings, so as to reduce planting costs and increase the yield of the planting season. It generally includes the steps of substrate preparation, sowing germination, grafting healing, transplanting growth, etc. However, since tomato seedlings are not plant seedlings with strong survival ability, improper management after grafting is likely to cause false survival of grafted seedlings, infection of wounds, etc., thereby reducing the survival rate. Some researchers have proposed that pesticides, fungicides and other agents can be added during the substrate preparation and grafting healing stages to protect the normal growth of tomato seedlings, but the effect is not obvious at present, and the survival rate of the double-head grafted tomato seedlings obtained in the end still cannot reach the survival rate of the single-head grafted tomato seedlings. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a method for raising seedlings of rootstock-grafted double-headed tomatoes.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for raising seedlings of rootstock-grafted double-headed tomatoes, comprising the following steps: S1. Matrix preparation: peat soil, vermiculite, perlite and coconut husk in a weight ratio of 5:(2-2.5):2:(3-4) are mixed, and then blended with an antibacterial liquid until the humidity of the solid-liquid mixture reaches 80-85% to obtain a matrix material, which is then laid and pressed to obtain a matrix; S2. Sowing and germination: Put the rootstock seeds and tomato seeds of different varieties into the holes of the substrate, and cover the holes with vermiculite to make them flat. Then put the substrate containing the rootstock seeds and tomato seeds in the dark. After the seeds germinate, keep the substrate at 180-220umol / m 2 / s of supplementary light intensity, 80-85% humidity, 20-25℃ temperature and 550-650ppm CO 2 The seeds were placed under the concentration of 100 μg / cm2, the light intensity was maintained for 10 hours a day, and the ambient temperature was 18°C ​​without light supplementation. After 14 days, all the seeds germinated and reached the state of three leaves and one heart, and rootstock seedlings and tomato seedlings of different varieties were obtained. S3, removing the double-headed growth point: removing the growth point 1 cm above the cotyledons of the rootstock seedlings and the tomato seedlings of different varieties, and after the lateral buds grow out of the bases of the cotyledons on both sides, obtaining the rootstock seedlings to be grafted and the tomato seedlings to be grafted of different varieties; S4. Grafting and healing: Grafting is carried out after the thickness of the newly grown lateral buds is ≥2mm. After grafting, spray water mist on the grafting site, wrap it with plastic wrap, pierce holes, move it into a dark place, and place it at a temperature of 23-25℃ and a humidity of 80-85%. After the grafting site is healed, supplementary light is started. The supplementary light time is ten days, and the supplementary light intensity is 20-200umol / m 2 / s, and resume growth after the grafting is completely healed; S5. Transplantation and growth: When the newly grown side buds grow to more than 15 cm, they are transplanted into coconut bran strips until tomato seedlings of different varieties grow at the grafting site to obtain double-headed grafted tomato seedlings.

[0007] By adopting the above technical scheme, the matrix of the present application is better than the traditional matrix that does not use coconut chaff, and coconut chaff can keep the soil moist and avoid the root rot problem caused by excessive water. In addition, the reasonable ratio of coconut chaff and other matrix materials such as peat soil, vermiculite, and perlite can further optimize the overall performance of the matrix and improve the success rate of seedling cultivation. Specifically, the water retention and air permeability of coconut chaff are combined with the nutrient supply capacity of peat soil, the drainage of vermiculite, and the looseness of perlite to form a high-quality matrix that is conducive to both seed germination and the healthy growth of seedlings.

[0008] In addition, the present invention adds antibacterial liquid to ensure that the substrate has good air permeability and water retention, while effectively inhibiting the growth of pathogens and improving the health of seedlings; under suitable light, humidity, temperature and CO 2Under the concentration conditions, the seeds can germinate quickly and reach the three-leaf and one-heart state, ensuring the growth rate and quality of the seedlings; by removing the growth points of the rootstock seedlings and tomato seedlings, the growth of side buds is promoted, the goal of double-headed grafting is achieved, and the diversity and ornamental value of the seedlings are improved; grafting is carried out under strict temperature and humidity conditions, and the supplementary light intensity is gradually increased, which promotes the healing of the grafted site, reduces the risk of wound infection, and improves the success rate of grafting; by planting into coconut bran strips, it is ensured that the grafted tomato seedlings continue to grow in a suitable environment, and eventually form healthy double-headed grafted tomato seedlings, which improves yield and quality.

[0009] In summary, the present application significantly improves the survival rate and yield of double-headed grafted tomato seedlings, and can also effectively reduce the amount of seeds used in the seedling raising process, reduce the risk of pests and diseases, and increase the diversity of products. Each column rootstock seedling and each tomato seedling can be pinched to separate the heads, so as to achieve efficient grafting. And according to the tomato seed cost of 15 yuan / grain and the rootstock seed cost of 1 yuan / grain, a double-headed grafted tomato seedling can save 8 yuan in cost. The rootstock seeds and tomato seeds in this application are only used as examples, and the protection scope of this application cannot be limited by this. Those skilled in the art can replace them according to actual conditions.

[0010] Preferably, in step S1, the weight ratio of charcoal, vermiculite, perlite and coconut bran is 5:2.2:2:3.8.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the weight ratio of charcoal soil, vermiculite, perlite and coconut chaff is fixed to 5:2.2:2:3.8 in the present application. This specific ratio can effectively balance the air permeability, water retention and nutrient supply capacity of the matrix. If the ratio exceeds this range, for example, increasing the proportion of peat soil, the matrix may be too compact, affecting the respiration and water absorption of the root system, thereby reducing the survival rate of seedling cultivation. On the contrary, if the proportion of vermiculite or perlite is increased, the matrix will be too loose, making it difficult to maintain sufficient water and nutrients, resulting in slow growth of seedlings, or even death due to lack of water. If the proportion of coconut chaff is too low, it will affect the water retention performance of the matrix, and if it is too high, it may cause the matrix to be too moist, increasing the risk of bacterial growth.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, the antibacterial liquid comprises chitosan oligosaccharide, tetracycline hydrochloride, N-(2,6-xylyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-D-alanine methyl ester, mancozeb and water in a weight ratio of (2-2.5):(4-5):1.6:2:3200.

[0013] Preferably, the antibacterial liquid comprises chitosan oligosaccharide, tetracycline hydrochloride, N-(2,6-xylyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-D-alanine methyl ester, mancozeb and water in a weight ratio of 2.2:4.5:1.6:2:3200.

[0014] By adopting the above technical scheme, the present application utilizes the good antibacterial and root growth promoting effects of chitosan oligosaccharide, tetracycline hydrochloride and mancozeb can effectively prevent bacterial and fungal infection, N-(2,6-xylyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-D-alanine methyl ester helps to enhance the stress resistance of plants, and chitosan oligosaccharide and tetracycline hydrochloride can also play a synergistic effect after compounding, and the effects of these components are combined to further improve the survival rate of double-headed grafted tomato seedlings. On this basis, the present application strictly controls the ratio of chitosan oligosaccharide and tetracycline hydrochloride, so that the synergistic effect of the two is maximized.

[0015] Preferably, in step S2, a nutrient solution with a concentration of 1-2 g / L is sprayed onto the substrate containing the rootstock seeds and the tomato seeds, wherein the nutrients in the nutrient solution include Ca(NO3) in a weight ratio of (10.5-12):(4-7.2):(4.5-6.5):2.4. 2 ·4H 2 O. KNO 3 MgSO 4 7H 2 O and KH 2 PO 4 .

[0016] Preferably, the nutrients in the nutrient solution include Ca(NO3) in a weight ratio of 11.6:6:6:2.4. 2 ·4H 2 O. KNO 3 MgSO 4 7H 2 O and KH 2 PO 4 .

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, not only can the survival rate of tomato seedlings be significantly improved, but also the development of the root system and the vitality of the root system can be effectively promoted. Ca(NO3) in the nutrient solution 2 ·4H 2 O. KNO 3 MgSO 4 7H 2 O and KH 2 PO 4Nutrients such as calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus can provide essential mineral elements for seed germination and early seedling growth, especially calcium, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus. These elements play an important role in the formation of cell walls, energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Calcium can stabilize the cell membrane structure and enhance the cell's resistance to stress; potassium can promote photosynthesis and the transport of carbohydrates, and improve the overall growth potential of the plant; magnesium is an important component of chlorophyll and helps to improve the efficiency of photosynthesis; phosphorus participates in the energy transfer process and promotes the rapid growth of the root system. In addition, the reasonable proportion of nutrient solution and timely spraying can ensure that the seedlings obtain sufficient nutrient supply during the critical growth period, thereby accelerating the expansion and thickening of the root system, improving the absorption capacity and disease resistance of the seedlings, and ultimately achieving a high survival rate and high yield of double-headed grafted tomato seedlings.

[0018] Preferably, in step S2, when spraying the nutrient solution, the nutrient solution is sprayed at different concentrations, specifically: Put the rootstock seeds and tomato seeds of different varieties into the holes of the substrate, and cover the holes with vermiculite to make them flat. Then put the substrate containing the rootstock seeds and tomato seeds in the dark. After the seeds germinate, keep the substrate at 180-220umol / m 2 / s of supplementary light intensity, 80-85% humidity, 20-25℃ temperature and 550-650ppm CO 2 Continue to place it at the concentration, spray 1g / L nutrient solution on the substrate, maintain the light intensity for 10 hours a day, and the ambient temperature without supplementary light is 18°C. After 7 days, spray 2g / L nutrient solution, and after another 7 days, all the seeds germinate and reach the three-leaf and one-heart state, obtaining rootstock seedlings and tomato seedlings of different varieties.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the germination and early growth of rootstocks and tomato seeds of different varieties can be effectively promoted, ensuring the healthy state of seeds after germination. This application gradually increases the concentration of the nutrient solution so that the plants can obtain appropriate nutrient supply at different growth stages, avoiding poor growth caused by insufficient or excessive nutrition, thereby improving the germination rate and the rate of strong seedlings. Especially in terms of supplementary light intensity, humidity, temperature and CO 2 Under the precise control of concentration, the seedling conditions were further optimized, and the seed germination speed and quality were significantly improved. Ultimately, the rootstock seedlings and tomato seedlings of different varieties could grow quickly and evenly to the three-leaf and one-heart state, laying a good foundation for subsequent grafting.

[0020] Preferably, in step S4, the light intensity is increased sequentially during the fill light, specifically: The light intensity on the first day is 20umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity of the next day is 40umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the third day is 60umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the fourth day is 80umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the fifth day is 100umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the sixth day is 120umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the seventh day is 140umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the eighth day is 160umol / m 2 / s, the ninth day light intensity is 180umol / m 2 / s, the last day's light intensity was 200umol / m 2 / s.

[0021] The wound at the grafting site has just healed and cannot be exposed to strong light, otherwise a large amount of transpiration will cause water to accumulate at the wound at the grafting site, which will slow down the healing speed. At the same time, the fill light cannot be turned off completely, otherwise the transpiration will be extremely weak, which is also not conducive to the healing of the wound. As the grafting wound heals, the light intensity is gradually increased until it can fully adapt to the normal light intensity in the nursery area. By adopting the above technical solution, the method of gradually increasing the fill light intensity can effectively promote the healing of the grafting site, avoid physiological stress of the grafted seedlings caused by sudden changes in light intensity, and significantly improve the survival rate of the grafted seedlings. Specifically, the daily increasing light intensity changes help the grafted seedlings gradually adapt to the lighting conditions, reduce the problems of excessive evaporation of water and leaf burns caused by sudden exposure to high light intensity, thereby ensuring the smooth healing of the grafted site and improving the final survival rate.

[0022] In a second aspect, the present application provides a double-headed grafted tomato seedling cultivated by the above-mentioned seedling cultivation method, with a survival rate of not less than 95% and a yield of not less than 25kg / m 2 / Planting season.

[0023] In summary, this application has the following beneficial technical effects: 1. Through the preparation of substrate and the use of antibacterial liquid, combined with strict control of light, temperature and humidity, the survival rate of double-headed grafted tomato seedlings is significantly improved, solving the problem of low survival rate in the prior art; 2. By precisely controlling the composition of the nutrient solution and the changes in the light intensity, especially spraying a low-concentration nutrient solution at the early stage of seed germination and spraying a double-concentration nutrient solution 7 days later, it effectively promotes the rapid germination and healthy growth of seeds, shortens the seedling raising cycle, and improves the seedling raising efficiency; 3. By grafting two different varieties of tomatoes on the rootstock, the diversity and ornamental value of the product are increased, the amount of expensive seeds used is reduced, and the planting cost is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of three leaves and one heart; Figure 2Schematic diagram of cutting rootstock seedlings and tomato seedlings of different varieties after reaching the grafting thickness; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the grafting site when the graft is healing; Figure 4 A diagram showing different tomato varieties growing on both sides of the rootstock seedling; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the healing details of the graft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] Material Source Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in this application are all commercially available products, specifically: Peat soil was purchased from Hebei Houkang Mineral Products Co., Ltd.; Vermiculite was purchased from Xinyang Houpu Mining Co., Ltd.; Perlite was purchased from Zhongzheng Perlite Factory in Pingqiao District, Xinyang City; Coconut bran was purchased from Lingshou County Shiyu Mining Co., Ltd.; N-(2,6-xylyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-D-alanine methyl ester was purchased from Linyi Qingfengnian Agricultural Materials Co., Ltd., with a purity of 68%, CAS No. 70630-17-0; Mancozeb was purchased from Hubei Jiufenglong Chemical Co., Ltd., CAS No. 8018-01-7; Rootstock seeds were purchased from the Vegetable Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Warrior No. 6; Cherry tomato seeds were purchased from Shouguang Huanuo Seed Business Department, Taiwan Nuofen 008, and also purchased from the Vegetable Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanguohong No. 1; Chitosan oligosaccharide was purchased from Zhongke Rongxin (Suzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., LCOS; Tetracycline hydrochloride was purchased from Shanghai Titan Technology Co., Ltd. with a purity of 98%; Ca(NO3) 2 ·4H 2 O. KNO 3 MgSO 4 7H 2 O and KH 2 PO 4 All were purchased from Aladdin.

[0026] The present application is further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and comparative examples.

[0027] Example 1.1 A method for raising seedlings of rootstock-grafted double-headed tomatoes comprises the following steps: S1, matrix preparation: peat soil, vermiculite, perlite and coconut chaff in a weight ratio of 5:2:2:4 are mixed, and N-(2,6-xylyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-D-alanine methyl ester, mancozeb and water in a weight ratio of 1.6:2:3200 are mixed to obtain an antibacterial liquid, and the peat soil, vermiculite, perlite and coconut chaff are blended with the antibacterial liquid until the humidity of the solid-liquid blend reaches 85% to obtain a matrix material, and the mixed matrix material is laid in a plug tray, and a 1 cm deep hole is pressed on the surface of the matrix using a hole press to complete the matrix preparation work to obtain a matrix; S2. Sowing and germination: Put the rootstock seeds and two different varieties of cherry tomato seeds into the holes of the substrate, two seeds in one hole, and cover the holes with vermiculite to make them flat. Then, place the substrate containing the rootstock seeds and cherry tomato seeds in the dark for 48 hours and set the constant temperature to 24°C. After the seeds germinate, keep the temperature at 220umol / m 2 / s of supplementary light intensity, 80% humidity, 25°C temperature and 550ppm CO 2 The concentration was maintained at 10 hours per day, and the ambient temperature was 18°C ​​without supplementary light. Figure 1 As shown, after 14 days, all the seeds germinated and reached the state of three leaves and one heart, and rootstock seedlings and tomato seedlings of different varieties were obtained, wherein irrigation was carried out every three days, and the spraying liquid was clear water; S3, remove the growth point and double head: Figure 2 As shown, the growth point 1 cm above the cotyledons of the rootstock seedlings and the tomato seedlings of different varieties is removed, and the lower half is retained, and after the lateral buds grow out of the bases of the cotyledons on both sides, the rootstock seedlings to be grafted and the tomato seedlings to be grafted of different varieties are obtained; S4. Grafting healing: Grafting is performed after the thickness of the newly grown lateral buds is ≥ 2mm. Irrigation is performed two days before grafting, and no irrigation is performed on the day of grafting. When grafting, use a blade to cut the new buds on both sides of the rootstock and the different varieties of scion cherry tomato seedlings at an angle of 45° at 1cm from the newly grown lateral buds of the rootstock. Select the rootstock seedlings and cherry tomato seedlings with similar thickness for grafting, such as Figure 3 As shown, a 2.0 mm diameter grafting ring is used to cover the grafting site. After the grafting is completed, clean water is sprayed on the grafting site with a sprayer to increase the relative humidity near the wound. At the same time, plastic wrap is used to wrap the grafting site, holes are punched in the plastic wrap, and the grafting site is moved to a dark place. It is placed at a temperature of 25°C and a humidity of 80% for 72 hours. After the grafting site is healed, supplementary light is started for ten days, and the supplementary light intensity is 100umol / m 2 / s, and resume growth after the grafting is completely healed; S5. Transplantation and growth: When the newly grown lateral buds grow to more than 15 cm, they are planted in coconut bran strips for long-term cultivation until different varieties of tomato seedlings grow at the grafting site, such as Figure 4-5 As shown, a double-headed grafted tomato seedling is obtained.

[0028] Example 1.2 A method for raising seedlings of rootstock-grafted double-headed tomatoes comprises the following steps: S1, matrix preparation: peat soil, vermiculite, perlite and coconut chaff in a weight ratio of 5:2.5:2:3 are mixed, and N-(2,6-xylyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-D-alanine methyl ester, mancozeb and water in a weight ratio of 1.6:2:3200 are mixed to obtain an antibacterial liquid, and the peat soil, vermiculite, perlite and coconut chaff are blended with the antibacterial liquid until the humidity of the solid-liquid blend reaches 80% to obtain a matrix material, and the mixed matrix material is laid in a plug tray, and a 1 cm deep hole is pressed on the surface of the matrix using a hole press to complete the matrix preparation work to obtain a matrix; S2. Sowing and germination: Put the rootstock seeds and two different varieties of cherry tomato seeds into the holes of the substrate, two seeds in one hole, and cover the holes with vermiculite to make them flat. Then, place the substrate containing the rootstock seeds and cherry tomato seeds in the dark for 48 hours and set the constant temperature to 24°C. After the seeds germinate, keep the temperature at 180umol / m 2 / s of supplementary light intensity, 85% humidity, 20°C temperature and 650ppm CO 2 The concentration was maintained at 10 hours per day, and the ambient temperature was 18°C ​​without supplementary light. Figure 1 As shown, after 14 days, all the seeds germinated and reached the state of three leaves and one heart, and rootstock seedlings and tomato seedlings of different varieties were obtained, wherein irrigation was carried out every three days, and the spraying liquid was clear water; S3, remove the growth point and double head: Figure 2 As shown, the growth point 1 cm above the cotyledons of the rootstock seedlings and the tomato seedlings of different varieties is removed, and the lower half is retained, and after the lateral buds grow out of the bases of the cotyledons on both sides, the rootstock seedlings to be grafted and the tomato seedlings to be grafted of different varieties are obtained; S4. Grafting healing: Grafting is performed after the thickness of the newly grown lateral buds is ≥ 2mm. Irrigation is performed two days before grafting, and no irrigation is performed on the day of grafting. When grafting, use a blade to cut the new buds on both sides of the rootstock and the different varieties of scion cherry tomato seedlings at an angle of 45° at 1cm from the newly grown lateral buds of the rootstock. Select the rootstock seedlings and cherry tomato seedlings with similar thickness for grafting, such as Figure 3 As shown, a 2.0 mm diameter grafting ring is used to cover the grafting site. After the grafting is completed, clean water is sprayed on the grafting site with a sprayer to increase the relative humidity near the wound. At the same time, plastic wrap is used to wrap the grafting site, holes are punched in the plastic wrap, and the grafting site is moved to a dark place. It is placed at a temperature of 23°C and a humidity of 85% for 72 hours. After the grafting site is healed, supplementary light is started for ten days, and the supplementary light intensity is 100umol / m2 / s, and resume growth after the grafting is completely healed; S5. Transplantation and growth: When the newly grown lateral buds grow to more than 15 cm, they are planted in coconut bran strips for long-term cultivation until different varieties of tomato seedlings grow at the grafting site, such as Figure 4-5 As shown, a double-headed grafted tomato seedling is obtained.

[0029] Example 2 A method for raising seedlings of rootstock-grafted double-headed tomatoes, which is different from that of Example 1.1 in that, in step S1, the weight ratio of charcoal soil, vermiculite, perlite and coconut bran is 5:2.2:2:3.8, and the rest is the same as that of Example 1.1.

[0030] Example 3.1 A method for raising seedlings of rootstock-grafted double-headed tomatoes, which is different from that of Example 1.1 in that, in step S1, the antibacterial liquid also includes chitosan oligosaccharides and tetracycline hydrochloride, and the weight ratio of chitosan oligosaccharides, tetracycline hydrochloride, N-(2,6-xylyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-D-alanine methyl ester, mancozeb and water is 2:5:1.6:2:3200, and the rest is the same as that of Example 1.1.

[0031] Example 3.2 A method for raising seedlings of rootstock-grafted double-headed tomatoes, which is different from that of Example 1.1 in that, in step S1, the antibacterial liquid also includes chitosan oligosaccharide and tetracycline hydrochloride, and the weight ratio of chitosan oligosaccharide, tetracycline hydrochloride, N-(2,6-xylyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-D-alanine methyl ester, mancozeb and water is 2.5:4:1.6:2:3200, and the rest is the same as that of Example 1.1.

[0032] Example 3.3 A method for raising seedlings of rootstock-grafted double-headed tomatoes, which is different from that of Example 1.1 in that, in step S1, the antibacterial liquid also includes chitosan oligosaccharides and tetracycline hydrochloride, and the weight ratio of chitosan oligosaccharides, tetracycline hydrochloride, N-(2,6-xylyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-D-alanine methyl ester, mancozeb and water is 2.2:4.5:1.6:2:3200, and the rest is the same as that of Example 1.1.

[0033] Example 4.1 A method for raising seedlings of rootstock grafted double-headed tomatoes, which is different from that of Example 1.1 in that, in step S2, the spray solution is replaced with a nutrient solution with a concentration of 1 g / L, and the nutrients in the nutrient solution include Ca(NO3) in a weight ratio of 10.5:7.2:4.5:2.4 2 ·4H 2 O. KNO 3 MgSO 47H 2 O and KH 2 PO 4 .

[0034] Example 4.2 A method for raising seedlings of rootstock grafted double-headed tomatoes, which is different from that of Example 1.1 in that, in step S2, the spray solution is replaced with a nutrient solution with a concentration of 2 g / L, and the nutrients in the nutrient solution include Ca(NO3) and 2 g / L in a weight ratio of 12:4:6.5:2.4. 2 ·4H 2 O. KNO 3 MgSO 4 7H 2 O and KH 2 PO 4 .

[0035] Example 4.3 A method for raising seedlings of rootstock grafted double-headed tomatoes, which is different from that of Example 1.1 in that, in step S2, the spray solution is replaced with a nutrient solution with a concentration of 1 g / L, and the nutrients in the nutrient solution include Ca(NO3) and 2 ·4H 2 O. KNO 3 MgSO 4 7H 2 O and KH 2 PO 4 .

[0036] Example 5.1 A method for raising seedlings of rootstock-grafted double-headed tomatoes, which is different from that of Example 4.1 in that, in step S2, when spraying the nutrient solution, the nutrient solution is sprayed at different concentrations, specifically: The rootstock seeds and two different varieties of cherry tomato seeds were placed in the holes of the substrate, two seeds were placed in one hole, and the holes were covered with vermiculite to make them flat. Then, the substrate containing the rootstock seeds and cherry tomato seeds was placed in the dark for 48 hours and the constant temperature was set at 24°C. After the seeds germinated, the temperature was kept at 180 umol / m 2 / s of supplementary light intensity, 85% humidity, 20°C temperature and 650ppm CO 2 Continue to place it at the concentration, spray the nutrient solution with a concentration of 1g / L on the substrate, maintain the light intensity for 10 hours a day, and the ambient temperature without light is 18℃. Figure 1 As shown, after 7 days, a nutrient solution with a concentration of 2 g / L was sprayed, and after another 7 days, all the seeds germinated and reached a three-leaf and one-heart state, obtaining rootstock seedlings and tomato seedlings of different varieties.

[0037] Example 5.2 A method for raising seedlings of rootstock-grafted double-headed tomatoes, which is different from that of Example 4.3 in that, in step S2, when spraying the nutrient solution, the nutrient solution is sprayed at different concentrations, specifically: The rootstock seeds and two different varieties of cherry tomato seeds were placed in the holes of the substrate, two seeds were placed in one hole, and the holes were covered with vermiculite to make them flat. Then, the substrate containing the rootstock seeds and cherry tomato seeds was placed in the dark for 48 hours and the constant temperature was set at 24°C. After the seeds germinated, the temperature was kept at 180 umol / m 2 / s of supplementary light intensity, 85% humidity, 20°C temperature and 650ppm CO 2 Continue to place it at the concentration, spray the nutrient solution with a concentration of 1g / L on the substrate, maintain the light intensity for 10 hours a day, and the ambient temperature without light is 18℃. Figure 1 As shown, after 7 days, a nutrient solution with a concentration of 2 g / L was sprayed, and after another 7 days, all the seeds germinated and reached a three-leaf and one-heart state, obtaining rootstock seedlings and tomato seedlings of different varieties.

[0038] Example 6 A method for raising seedlings of rootstock-grafted double-headed tomatoes, which is different from that of Example 1.1 in that, in step S4, the light intensity is increased sequentially during supplementary lighting, specifically: The light intensity on the first day is 20umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity of the next day is 40umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the third day is 60umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the fourth day is 80umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the fifth day is 100umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the sixth day is 120umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the seventh day is 140umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the eighth day is 160umol / m 2 / s, the ninth day light intensity is 180umol / m 2 / s, the last day's light intensity was 200umol / m 2 / s.

[0039] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1.1 is that step S3 is removed, and the rest is the same as Example 1.1.

[0040] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1.1 is that in step S1, the weight ratio of charcoal, vermiculite, perlite and coconut bran is 5:1.5:2:5, and the rest is the same as Example 1.1.

[0041] Comparative Example 3 The difference from Example 1.1 is that in step S1, the weight ratio of charcoal, vermiculite, perlite and coconut bran is 5:3:2:2, and the rest is the same as Example 1.1.

[0042] Growth data detection The double-headed grafted tomato seedlings obtained in the above embodiments and comparative examples were transplanted in a greenhouse. 100 plants were transplanted in each group of embodiments and comparative examples for comparison. The average comparison data are shown in Table 1.

[0043] Table 1 Growth data detection table Data Analysis: As can be seen from Table 1, the present application increases the diversity and ornamental value of the product, reduces the amount of expensive seeds, and reduces the planting cost by grafting two different varieties of tomatoes on the rootstock. On this basis, the survival rate of the double-headed grafted tomato seedlings is significantly improved through the preparation of the matrix and the use of antibacterial liquid, combined with strict control of light, temperature and humidity, and the problem of low survival rate in the prior art is solved. In addition, by precisely controlling the changes in the components of the nutrient solution and the intensity of the supplementary light, especially by spraying a low concentration of nutrient solution at the beginning of seed germination and then spraying a double concentration of nutrient solution 7 days later, the rapid germination and healthy growth of the seeds are effectively promoted, the seedling raising period is shortened, and the seedling raising efficiency is improved.

[0044] The embodiments of this specific implementation method are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for raising seedlings of rootstock-grafted double-headed tomatoes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Matrix preparation: peat soil, vermiculite, perlite and coconut husk in a weight ratio of 5:(2-2.5):2:(3-4) are mixed, and then blended with antibacterial liquid until the humidity of the solid-liquid mixture reaches 80-85% to obtain a matrix material, which is then laid and pressed to obtain a matrix; S2. Sowing and germination: Put the rootstock seeds and tomato seeds of different varieties into the holes of the substrate, and cover the holes with vermiculite to make them flat. Then put the substrate containing the rootstock seeds and tomato seeds in the dark. After the seeds germinate, keep the substrate at 180-220umol / m 2 / s supplementary light intensity, 80-85% humidity, 20-25°C temperature and 550-650ppm CO2 concentration, the supplementary light intensity is maintained for 10 hours a day, the ambient temperature without supplementary light is 18°C, after 14 days all the seeds germinate and reach the state of three leaves and one heart, and the rootstock seedlings and tomato seedlings of different varieties are obtained; S3, removing the double-headed growth point: removing the growth point 1 cm above the cotyledons of the rootstock seedlings and the tomato seedlings of different varieties, and after the lateral buds grow out of the bases of the cotyledons on both sides, obtaining the rootstock seedlings to be grafted and the tomato seedlings to be grafted of different varieties; S4. Grafting and healing: Grafting is carried out after the thickness of the newly grown lateral buds is ≥2mm. After grafting, spray water mist on the grafting site, wrap it with plastic wrap, pierce holes, move it into a dark place, and place it at a temperature of 23-25℃ and a humidity of 80-85%. After the grafting site is healed, supplementary light is started. The supplementary light time is ten days, and the supplementary light intensity is 20-200umol / m 2 / s, and the growth will resume after the grafting is completely healed; S5. Transplantation and growth: When the newly grown side buds grow to more than 15 cm, they are transplanted into coconut bran strips until tomato seedlings of different varieties grow at the grafting site to obtain double-headed grafted tomato seedlings.

2. The method for raising seedlings of a rootstock-grafted double-headed tomato according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the weight ratio of charcoal, vermiculite, perlite and coconut husk is 5:2.2:2:3.

8.

3. The method for raising seedlings of a rootstock-grafted double-headed tomato according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the antibacterial liquid includes chitosan oligosaccharide, tetracycline hydrochloride, N-(2,6-xylyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-D-alanine methyl ester, mancozeb and water in a weight ratio of (2-2.5):(4-5):1.6:2:3200.

4. The method for raising seedlings of a rootstock-grafted double-headed tomato according to claim 3, characterized in that: The antibacterial liquid comprises chitosan oligosaccharide, tetracycline hydrochloride, N-(2,6-xylyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-D-alanine methyl ester, mancozeb and water in a weight ratio of 2.2:4.5:1.6:2:3200.

5. The method for raising seedlings of a rootstock-grafted double-headed tomato according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, a nutrient solution with a concentration of 1-2 g / L is also sprayed onto the substrate containing the rootstock seeds and the tomato seeds. The nutrients in the nutrient solution include Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, KNO3, MgSO4·7H2O and KH2PO4 in a weight ratio of (10.5-12):(4-7.2):(4.5-6.5):2.

4.

6. The method for raising seedlings of rootstock-grafted double-headed tomatoes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The nutrients in the nutrient solution include Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, KNO3, MgSO4·7H2O and KH2PO4 in a weight ratio of 11.6:6:6:2.

4.

7. The method for raising seedlings of rootstock-grafted double-headed tomatoes according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step S2, when spraying the nutrient solution, the nutrient solution is sprayed according to different concentrations, specifically: Put the rootstock seeds and tomato seeds of different varieties into the holes of the substrate, and cover the holes with vermiculite to make them flat. Then put the substrate containing the rootstock seeds and tomato seeds in the dark. After the seeds germinate, keep the substrate at 180-220umol / m 2 / s of supplementary light intensity, 80-85% humidity, 20-25℃ temperature and 550-650ppm CO2 concentration, spray 1g / L nutrient solution on the substrate, maintain supplementary light intensity for 10 hours a day, the ambient temperature without supplementary light is 18℃, spray 2g / L nutrient solution after 7 days, and all the seeds germinate and reach three leaves and one heart state after another 7 days, obtaining rootstock seedlings and tomato seedlings of different varieties.

8. The method for raising seedlings of rootstock-grafted double-headed tomatoes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, the light intensity is increased sequentially during fill light, specifically: The light intensity on the first day is 20umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity of the next day is 40umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the third day is 60umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the fourth day is 80umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the fifth day is 100umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the sixth day is 120umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the seventh day is 140umol / m 2 / s, the light intensity on the eighth day is 160umol / m 2 / s, the ninth day light intensity is 180umol / m 2 / s, the last day's light intensity was 200umol / m 2 / s.

9. A double-headed grafted tomato seedling cultivated by the seedling raising method of rootstock grafted double-headed tomatoes according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The survival rate is not less than 95%, and the yield is not less than 25kg / m 2 / Planting season.

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