Greenhouse seedling raising method for dwarf self-rooted rootstocks of apples

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of apple seedling raising, and particularly relates to an apple dwarf self-rooted rootstock greenhouse seedling raising method. The apple dwarf self-rooted rootstock nursery stock is cultivated in a plastic greenhouse, and the method comprises the specific steps that after soil is disinfected, 6 t to 8 t of fermented sheep manure and 6 t to 8 t of saw dust are sprayed per mu, and after rotary tillage ridging, seedlings subjected to rooting treatment are planted. According to the method, the technical effects of current-year grafting, current-year planting and current-year outplanting and seedling forming are achieved, the seedling raising time is effectively shortened, the seedling raising survival rate is increased, and an excellent cultivated variety is provided for updating and transformation of an apple orchard.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of apple seedling cultivation, and more specifically, relates to a method for cultivating apple dwarfing self-rootstocks in a greenhouse. Background Art

[0002] Apple dwarfing self-rootstocks are the main way to achieve apple dwarfing cultivation. By using dwarfing self-rootstocks, the growth of the tree body can be controlled to achieve dwarfing cultivation. The breeding of apple dwarfing self-rootstocks is mainly carried out through asexual reproduction methods such as layering and tissue culture. In developed apple-producing countries abroad, layering propagation is generally used for apple dwarfing self-rootstocks. In developed apple-growing countries such as the United States, South Korea, and New Zealand, the area of apple dwarfing self-rootstocks has accounted for more than 80% of the total apple area. More than 5 million imported apple dwarfing self-rootstock seedlings are available, with a cost of more than 60 - 70 yuan per plant. Moreover, the transportation time is long, and the survival rate of planting is low. Foreign varieties also do not meet the requirements of Chinese consumers.

[0003] The cultivation of apple dwarfing self-rootstock seedlings is one of the key links in the apple industry, and its quality directly affects the renewal efficiency and economic benefits of orchards. In recent years, although some studies have tried to shorten the seedling-raising cycle by optimizing fertilization or improving grafting techniques, it is still difficult to achieve planting and outplanting within one year. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating apple dwarfing self-rootstocks in a greenhouse.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] The present invention provides a method for cultivating apple dwarfing self-rootstocks in a greenhouse, including the following steps: disinfect the soil in the greenhouse, sprinkle 6 - 8t of fermented sheep manure and 6 - 8t of sawdust per mu, till the soil and form trapezoidal ridges, select apple rootstock seedlings with a height of 80 - 150 cm, carry out root treatment and then plant them on the trapezoidal ridges, and drip-irrigate the soil until it is evenly permeated and cover it with a black plastic film for seedling cultivation.

[0007] The method provided by the present invention is particularly suitable for cultivating apple dwarfing self-rootstock seedlings in a greenhouse and outplanting them within one year. Apple dwarfing self-rootstock seedlings can be cultivated in a plastic greenhouse. The specific steps are to disinfect the soil and then sprinkle 6 - 8t of fermented sheep manure and 6 - 8t of sawdust per mu, till the soil and form ridges, and then plant the seedlings with root treatment. The technical effect of grafting, planting, and outplanting into seedlings in the same year is achieved.

[0008] Further, the disinfection is to evenly apply 15 - 25 kg / mu of ferrous sulfate and 2 - 4 kg / mu of imidacloprid on the soil surface.

[0009] Further, the preparation method of the fermented sheep manure is to mix sheep manure, brown sugar and compound microbial inoculum evenly according to the mass ratio of 500-1500:1-2:1-2, and then carry out composting fermentation.

[0010] Further, the duration of the composting fermentation is 10-15 days.

[0011] Further, the rotary tillage depth is 15-20 cm, the height of the trapezoidal ridge is 25-30 cm, the bottom width is 40-50 cm, and the top width of the ridge is 10-20 cm.

[0012] Further, the rooting treatment is to immerse the roots of apple rootstock seedlings in the mixed solution for 40-50 minutes. The mixed solution is prepared according to the mass ratio of indole acetic acid, brassinolide, fulvic acid and water of 5-6:10-11:15-20:15000-20000.

[0013] Further, the environment in the greenhouse is as follows: relative humidity 60%-80%, daytime temperature 10°C-35°C, and nighttime temperature greater than 8°C.

[0014] Further, during the seedling raising process, a urea solution with a concentration of 1-3 g / L is irrigated 5-7 times throughout the year, and the application rate is 8-10 kg / mu.

[0015] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] The present invention cultivates apple dwarf self-rootstock seedlings in a plastic greenhouse, realizes the technical route of planting and outplanting seedlings in the same year, shortens the seedling raising time, increases the planting survival rate, and provides excellent cultivated varieties for the renovation of apple orchards. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a picture of the apple dwarf self-rootstock seedling becoming a complete plant. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, but it should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following embodiments can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0019] Example 1: Apple dwarf self-rootstock greenhouse seedling raising.

[0020] 1. Selection of greenhouse location: Select a plastic greenhouse with flat terrain, sunny exposure, fertile soil and irrigation conditions. The greenhouse structure is a common non-heated vegetable greenhouse. The apple variety is Qin Cui, and the rootstock variety is CL426.

[0021] 2. Soil pretreatment: Evenly spread ferrous sulfate (20 kg / mu) and imidacloprid (3 kg / mu) on the soil surface in the greenhouse for disinfection. Then spread 7 t of fermented sheep manure and 7 t of sawdust per mu, and rototill to a depth of 18 cm. Make trapezoidal ridges, with the bottom width of the ridge being 40 cm, the height being 30 cm, and the top width being 15 cm.

[0022] The preparation method of fermented sheep manure is as follows: Thoroughly mix 1 t of sheep manure, 1.5 kg of brown sugar, and 1.5 kg of compound microbial inoculant (produced by Shaanxi Fengdan Baili Biotechnology Co., Ltd., product name: Root Baby), then compost. The width of the compost pile is 2 m, the height is 80 cm, and the fermentation time is 13 days.

[0023] 3. Planting of apple rootstock seedlings: Start planting after the soil temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 5°C. The management conditions in the greenhouse include: relative humidity of 60% - 80%, daytime temperature of 25 - 30°C, and nighttime temperature above 8°C.

[0024] Select apple rootstock seedlings with a height of 100 cm and conduct root treatment on the roots of the apple rootstock seedlings. Immerse the roots of the apple rootstock seedlings in the mixed solution for 45 minutes, then plant them on the ridge with a plant spacing of 22 cm, and cover the soil and tamp it tightly. The preparation method of the mixed solution is as follows: Dissolve 5.5 g of indoleacetic acid, 10.5 g of brassinolide, and 18 g of fulvic acid in 18 kg of water.

[0025] Lay drip irrigation pipes along the row at the part where the rootstock of the apple rootstock seedling touches the ground surface for watering and fertilizing. Completely cover the ridge and its surrounding area with black plastic film to prevent weeds and increase soil temperature. After planting, quickly irrigate through the drip irrigation pipes until uniform infiltration, ensuring that the soil moisture content in the middle of the ridge is 18%. Apply a 1 g / L urea solution (9 kg / mu) 6 times throughout the year. Complete the planting work within February to March. Open the diaphragms on all four sides of the greenhouse in November of the same year, quickly cool down to promote defoliation, and lift the seedlings out of the nursery in February of the following year. The results are as Figure 1 shown.

[0026] Verification Example 1: Effects of different treatments on apple rootstock seedlings.

[0027] 1. Treatments with different contents of sheep manure and sawdust: To prove the effects of sheep manure and sawdust on the planting survival rate, height, and number of branches of apple rootstock seedlings, set up the experimental treatments as shown in Table 1, and the other steps are the same as in Example 1. The experimental results are shown in Table 1. When the addition amounts of sheep manure and sawdust are both 7 tons, the planting survival rate is the highest, and the number of branches is also the largest, with the best effect.

[0028] Table 1: Investigation on the treatment effects of sheep manure and sawdust

[0029] Treatment Planting survival rate (%) Seedling height (m) Number of seedling branches (pcs) 11 tons of sheep manure and 11 tons of sawdust each 84.3 1.86 6～8 7 tons of sheep manure and 7 tons of sawdust each 91.4 1.84 6～8 2 tons of sheep manure and 2 tons of sawdust each 85.2 1.63 2～3 Without sheep manure and sawdust 84.7 1.41 0

[0030] 2. Different ridging treatments: To prove the effects of different ridging treatments on the survival rate, height, and number of branches of apple rootstock seedlings, the experimental treatments shown in Table 2 were set up, and the remaining steps were the same as in Example 1. The experimental results are shown in Table 2. When the ridging conditions are a bottom width of 40 cm, a height of 30 cm, and a top width of 15 cm, the survival rate of apple rootstock seedlings is the highest, the number of branches of the seedlings is the largest, and the effect is the best.

[0031] Table 2: Investigation of the effects of different ridge heights

[0032]

[0033]

[0034] 3. Different heights of apple rootstock seedlings: To prove the effects of different heights of apple rootstock seedlings on the survival rate, height, and number of branches, the experimental treatments shown in Table 3 were set up, and the remaining steps were the same as in Example 1. The experimental results are shown in Table 3. When the height of the selected apple rootstock seedlings is between 100 cm, the survival rate is the highest, and the number of branches is 6 - 8, and the comprehensive effect is the best.

[0035] Table 3: Investigation of different rootstock lengths and survival rates

[0036] Treatment Survival rate (%) Seedling height (m) Number of seedling branches (pcs) 1.5m 41.5 1.88 6～10 1m 88.9 1.83 6～8 0.8m 21.7 1.22 0

[0037] 4. Different plant hormone treatments: To prove the effects of different plant hormone treatments on the survival rate, height, and number of branches, the experimental treatments shown in Table 4 were set up. Among them, A is 5.5 g of indoleacetic acid, 10.5 g of brassinolide, and 18 g of fulvic acid dissolved in 18 kg of water, B is 5.5 g of indoleacetic acid dissolved in 18 kg of water, C is 1.5 g of brassinolide dissolved in 18 kg of water, D is 18 g of fulvic acid dissolved in 18 kg of water, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. The experimental results are shown in Table 4. When the apple rootstock seedlings are soaked in treatment A, the survival rate of the apple rootstock seedlings is the highest, the number of branches is the largest, and the effect is the best.

[0038] Table 4: Comparison of the effects of plant hormone treatments on roots

[0039] Treatment Planting survival rate (%) Seedling height (m) Number of seedling branches (pcs) A 92.3 1.86 6～8 B 56.4 1.61 3～4 C 51.2 1.53 2～3 D 49.7 1.50 2～3 Clear water 11.2 1.42 0

[0040] It should be noted that when the claims of the present invention involve numerical ranges, it should be understood that any value between the two endpoints of each numerical range and the two endpoints can be selected. To prevent unnecessary repetition, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described.

[0041] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional changes and modifications can be made to these embodiments by those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be construed to include the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0042] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if these modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalent technologies, the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A method for dwarfing self-rootstock apple seedling raising in greenhouse, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: disinfect the soil in the greenhouse, sprinkle 6 - 8t of fermented sheep manure and 6 - 8t of sawdust per mu, plow and then form trapezoidal ridges. Select apple rootstock seedlings with a height of 80 - 150cm, conduct root treatment and then plant them on the trapezoidal ridges, and drip-irrigate the soil until it evenly penetrates and cover it with black plastic film for seedling raising.

2. The method for dwarfing and self-rooting apple rootstock greenhouse seedling raising according to claim 1, characterized in that, The disinfection is to evenly apply 15 - 25kg / mu of ferrous sulfate and 2 - 4kg / mu of imidacloprid on the soil surface.

3. A method for cultivating apple dwarf self-rootstock in greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the fermented sheep manure is to mix sheep manure, brown sugar and compound microbial inoculant evenly according to the mass ratio of 500 - 1500:1 - 2:1 - 2 and then carry out compost fermentation.

4. A method for dwarfing self-rootstock greenhouse seedling raising of apples according to claim 3, characterized in that, The duration of the compost fermentation is 10 - 15 days.

5. A method for cultivating apple dwarf self-rootstock in greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plowing depth is 15 - 20cm, the height of the trapezoidal ridge is 25 - 30cm, the bottom width is 40 - 50cm, and the top width of the ridge is 10 - 20cm.

6. A method for cultivating apple dwarf self-rootstock in greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The root treatment is to immerse the roots of the apple rootstock seedlings in the mixed solution for 40 - 50min. The mixed solution is prepared according to the mass ratio of indole acetic acid, brassinolide, fulvic acid and water of 5 - 6:10 - 11:15 - 20:15000 - 20000.

7. A method for cultivating apple dwarf self-rootstock in a greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, The environment in the greenhouse is: relative humidity 60% - 80%, daytime temperature 10°C - 35°C, and nighttime temperature greater than 8°C.

8. A method for cultivating apple dwarf self-rootstock in greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the seedling raising process, urea solution with a concentration of 1 - 3g / L is irrigated 5 - 7 times throughout the year, and the application rate is 8 - 10kg / mu.

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