Method for improving seed setting rate by regulating florescence of genuine atractylodes lancea

Abstract

According to the method for regulating and controlling the florescence of the genuine atractylodes lancea to improve the seed setting rate, through staggered-period cultivation, plant growth regulators with different concentrations are applied in the growth period of the atractylodes lancea, so that the atractylodes lancea is converted from the growth period to the reproductive period, the flowering rate is improved, and the florescence is kept consistent as much as possible; the probability that bisexual flowers and female flowers bloom in the same period can be greatly increased, and the setting rate of the atractylodes lancea seeds is increased through artificial supplementary pollination, so that high-quality seeds are provided for large-scale seedling breeding. Wherein the influence of the florescence on the maturing rate is as follows: the more concentrated the florescence is, the higher the probability of simultaneous flowering of bisexual flowers and female flowers in the same plot is, and the higher the maturing rate is. The zeatin with a certain concentration can promote seed development and seed maturation, and the zeatin with an over-high concentration can inhibit seed development. The gibberellin has the influence on the flowering phase: high-concentration gibberellin can inhibit the flowering of rhizoma atractylodis lanceae, and low-concentration gibberellin can promote the flowering and fruiting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for improving the seed setting rate of authentic Atractylodes lancea seeds, and particularly to a method for regulating the flowering period of authentic Atractylodes lancea to improve the seed setting rate, and belongs to the technical field of Atractylodes lancea planting. Background Art

[0002] Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. is a plant of the genus Atractylodes in the Asteraceae family. Its rhizome is used as medicine. According to the Chinese medicine treatises of various dynasties, it is mainly used to treat "abdominal distension, loss of appetite, diarrhea, edema, rheumatism, etc." The Maoshan area in Jiangsu is its authentic production area. The quality of Atractylodes produced here is the best, so it is named "Mao Atractylodes". It is one of the important medicinal plants in my country. Atractylodes lancea is not only a major Chinese medicine for drying dampness and strengthening the spleen, but also has a history of more than 2,000 years of Taoist anti-aging. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has multiple biological activities such as treating gastric ulcers, antibacterial and anti-cancer.

[0003] Atractylodes lancea is a kind of southern atractylodes. Most of the Atractylodes lancea sold on the market are southern atractylodes. The main production area is in Hubei, with a large annual output. The authentic Atractylodes lancea is distributed in the hills and hills of Jurong, Jiangning, Nanjing suburbs, Jintan, Liyang, Lishui, Dantu and other places. Due to human factors (agricultural reclamation, geological mining, tourism development and indiscriminate mining of medicinal materials, etc.) and the biological characteristics of Atractylodes lancea itself (weak population recovery ability), the wild resources of Atractylodes lancea are becoming increasingly scarce. As early as the 1990s, it could not form production and commercial sales. It is currently listed as one of the four endangered medicinal plants in Jiangsu Province.

[0004] Atractylodes is an insect-pollinated plant with flowers that are monoecious or dioecious, with unisexual flowers mostly female. It has a low seed setting rate and its rhizomes grow slowly.

[0005] With the increasing demand for Atractylodes lancea in domestic and foreign markets, it has been plundered, and the population's own recovery ability is poor, and the distribution area and population size show a clear decline trend. At the same time, the long-term irregular harvesting in the main production areas of Atractylodes lancea and the development of forestry resources have caused the ecological environment in which it is located to be destroyed, causing the wild resources to decline year by year, resulting in the depletion of Atractylodes lancea resources and making it on the verge of extinction; in contrast, the application of Atractylodes lancea is becoming more and more extensive, and the demand for Chinese herbal medicines, Chinese patent medicines, feed, veterinary drugs, exports, etc. is constantly increasing, resulting in Atractylodes lancea in short supply in the market. Relying solely on sexual reproduction is far from meeting the market demand for Atractylodes lancea medicinal materials.

[0006] At present, rhizomes are mostly used as propagation materials for cultivation, and long-term asexual reproduction can easily lead to a lack of gene exchange between species, resulting in the degradation of variety vitality. The difference between the cultivation of medicinal materials and food crops is that medicinal materials need to accumulate both biomass and sufficient active substances. From a biological point of view, the formation of authentic medicinal materials is a product determined by genotype and environment. Although there is a planting base for Atractylodes macrocephala in Jiangsu, the artificial cultivation technology is immature.

[0007] For a long time, due to the simple cycle of harvesting, seed preservation and cultivation on site, the seedling breeding model of Atractylodes lancea mainly adopts division reproduction, which has poor breeding efficiency, serious variety degeneration, serious occurrence of diseases and insect pests, simple cultivation model, small cultivation area and low yield, and the development of the industry is severely restricted. In addition, there is a lack of high-quality seedlings for large-scale cultivation of Atractylodes lancea.

[0008] Therefore, the protection and utilization of the endangered authentic Chinese medicinal material Atractylodes macrocephala germplasm resources has become an urgent task at present. Summary of the invention

[0009] In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for regulating the flowering period of Atractylodes lancea to improve the seed setting rate.

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] A method for regulating the flowering period of authentic Atractylodes macrocephala to improve seed setting rate comprises the following steps:

[0012] S1. Staggered cultivation: In March and April, plant the tubers of Atractylodes lancea at a certain interval. After the buds sprout out of the soil and grow two cotyledons, plant another tuber of Atractylodes lancea between the two seedlings.

[0013] S2. Chemical treatment: spray different concentrations of chemical on the Atractylodes macrocephala seedlings from May to June to make the flowering period of each Atractylodes macrocephala seedlings consistent;

[0014] S3. Pollination is carried out in September and October.

[0015] The spacing in the above step S1 is 30*30 cm.

[0016] In the above step S1, the tuberous roots of Atractylodes lancea with strong tubers and more buds are selected.

[0017] Furthermore, the above-mentioned Atractylodes lancea tuber is 5 to 10 cm long, 2 to 4 cm in diameter, and has 8 to 15 buds.

[0018] The reagent in the above step S2 includes 5.0-50 mg / L of gibberellin, 5-10 mg / L of zeatin, and arginine with a mass concentration of 0.2-0.5%.

[0019] The spraying amount of the above-mentioned agent is 5 to 10 ml per plant.

[0020] The pollination methods in the above step S3 include bee pollination, insect pollination, and artificial pollination.

[0021] The present invention is beneficial in that:

[0022] Atractylodes lancea is a cross-pollinated plant. Bisexual and unisexual flowers are on different plants, and all unisexual flowers are female. Bisexual flowers often bloom before unisexual flowers, which greatly reduces the chance of fertilization and the fruit setting rate is extremely low.

[0023] The invention discloses a method for regulating the flowering period of authentic Atractylodes lancea to improve the seed setting rate. Through staggered cultivation, plant growth regulators of different concentrations are applied during the growth period of Atractylodes lancea to change the growth period into the reproductive period, thereby improving the flowering rate, keeping the flowering period as consistent as possible, and greatly increasing the probability of bisexual flowers and female flowers blooming at the same time. Artificial assisted pollination is then used to improve the seed setting rate of Atractylodes lancea, thereby providing high-quality seeds for large-scale breeding of seedlings.

[0024] Among them, the effect of flowering period on fruit set rate: the more concentrated the flowering period, the higher the probability of bisexual flowers and female flowers blooming at the same time in the same plot, and the higher the fruit set rate. The effect of zeatin on fruit set rate: a certain concentration of zeatin can promote seed development and seed maturation, and too high a concentration will inhibit its seed development. The effect of gibberellin on flowering period: high concentrations of gibberellin (30 mg / L and above) can inhibit the flowering of Atractylodes lancea, while low concentrations of gibberellin (10 mg / L and below) can promote flowering and fruit set.

[0025] The method for improving the seed setting rate of the present invention is mainly studied from the aspects of wild resource protection and efficient seedling breeding, explores the flowering period regulation technology of Atractylodes lancea, improves the seed setting rate, and studies the optimal culture medium formula for aseptic sowing of Atractylodes lancea seeds, cluster bud proliferation and seedling rooting, provides technical support for large-scale breeding of seedlings, promotes efficient cultivation of Atractylodes lancea for the agricultural and forestry development of the region, and helps rural revitalization, which has broad prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 This is the selected tuberous root picture of Atractylodes lancea.

[0027] Figure 2 The flowering diagrams of Example 4 (Figure A) and Comparative Example 2 (Figure B) are shown.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a solid diagram of Example 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0030] A method for regulating the flowering period of authentic Atractylodes macrocephala to improve seed setting rate comprises the following steps:

[0031] S1. Staggered cultivation:

[0032] When cultivating Atractylodes lancea from March to April every year, select Atractylodes lancea tubers with strong tubers and more buds, and cultivate them at a spacing of 30*30cm. After cultivation, carry out normal field management. After the buds germinate and emerge from the soil and two cotyledons grow (about 7 days), plant another Atractylodes lancea tuber between the two seedlings.

[0033] S2. Chemical treatment:

[0034] In May and June, about a month before flowering, spray different concentrations of pesticides to ensure that the flowering period of the Atractylodes lancea seedlings is consistent.

[0035] The agents used are: gibberellin 5.0-50 mg / L, zeatin (ZT) 5-10 mg / L, and arginine 0.2-0.5 wt%.

[0036] in,

[0037] High concentrations of gibberellins are used to inhibit the growth of flower buds;

[0038] Low concentrations of gibberellins are used to promote flowering and seed development;

[0039] Zeatin (ZT) can promote seed formation and increase fruit setting rate;

[0040] Arginine is used to promote flowering.

[0041] S3. Pollination:

[0042] During the peak flowering period from September to October, the probability of both sexual and female flowers blooming at the same time in the same plot is greatly increased, which greatly increases the chance of fertilization; pollination through bee pollination, insect pollination, artificial spot pollination and other methods can significantly increase the fruit set rate.

[0043] Several planting areas were divided in the germplasm resource garden in the Maoshan authentic Chinese medicinal materials technology planting demonstration garden in Jurong City, Jiangsu Province, and the planting was carried out according to the data of the following embodiments and comparative examples.

[0044] The selected Atractylodes lancea tubers (obtained by domesticating wild Atractylodes lancea from Maoshan) are 5 to 10 cm long, 2 to 4 cm in diameter, and have 8 to 15 buds.

[0045] Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 are shown in the following table:

[0046]

[0047] The agent is sprayed on the top of the plant before flower bud differentiation, with a spraying amount of 5 to 10 ml per plant.

[0048] In staggered cultivation, high concentrations of gibberellins (30 mg / L and above) are applied to the first-planted plants before flowering, and lower concentrations of gibberellins (10 mg / L and below) are applied to the later-planted plants; a certain concentration of arginine is applied during the flower bud differentiation period; in the late stage of flower bud differentiation, a certain concentration of zeatin is applied before flowering.

[0049] In Example 1, low concentrations of gibberellins were applied to the Atractylodes lancea planted first and last, which promoted flowering and seed development at the same time. The flowering intervals were not significantly concentrated, and they bloomed successively in a relatively wide period of time, so the fruit set rate was not effectively improved.

[0050] In Example 2, as in Example 3, high concentrations of gibberellins were applied to the Atractylodes lancea planted first and later, which prolonged the flowering period, so that the flowering period of the Atractylodes lancea planted first and later could not be effectively concentrated in a short period of time, reducing the probability of bisexual flowers and female flowers blooming at the same time, thereby reducing the fruit set rate.

[0051] In Example 4, a high concentration of gibberellin was applied to the first-planted Atractylodes lancea to extend the flowering period; a low concentration of gibberellin was applied to the later-planted Atractylodes lancea to promote flowering; the flowering periods of the first and later-planted Atractylodes lancea were allowed to converge in a shorter period of time, which greatly increased the probability of bisexual flowers and female flowers blooming at the same time, and then artificial assisted pollination (using a brush to dip pollen for spot pollination) was used to effectively improve the pollination rate and thus the fruit set rate.

[0052] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any form, and any technical solution obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for regulating the flowering period of authentic Atractylodes macrocephala to improve seed setting rate, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Staggered cultivation: In March and April, plant the tubers of Atractylodes lancea at a certain distance. After the buds sprout out of the soil and grow two cotyledons, plant another tuber of Atractylodes lancea between the two seedlings. S2. Chemical treatment: In May and June, different concentrations of chemical were sprayed on the Atractylodes macrocephala seedlings to make the flowering period of each Atractylodes macrocephala seedling consistent; S3. Pollination is carried out in September and October.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The spacing in step S1 is 30*30 cm.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the step S1, Atractylodes lancea tubers with strong tubers and more buds are selected.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The tuberous root of Atractylodes lancea is 5 to 10 cm long, 2 to 4 cm in diameter, and has 8 to 15 buds.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The pollination methods in step S3 include bee pollination, insect pollination, and artificial pollination.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The agent in step S2 includes 5.0-50 mg / L of gibberellin, 5-10 mg / L of zeatin, and arginine with a mass concentration of 0.2-0.5%.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The spraying amount of the agent is 5-10 ml per plant.

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