Battery heating control method, device, apparatus, storage medium and program product

Abstract

This application provides a battery heating control method, apparatus, device, storage medium, and program product, relating to the field of battery heating technology. The method includes: when a vehicle meets pulse heating conditions, determining the saturation current of a motor for regulating battery temperature based on the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cells; determining the maximum pulse heating current of the motor based on the maximum current and saturation current borne by the motor's bus; and pulse heating the battery based on the maximum pulse heating current. This application, by considering the influence of the negative electrode potential, ensures that the negative electrode potential of the battery cells remains within a safe range during pulse heating, effectively reducing the risk of lithium plating in the cells, thereby improving battery safety and lifespan. Furthermore, by determining the saturation current of the motor based on the maximum negative electrode potential and further determining the maximum pulse heating current of the motor, the heating rate of the battery can be maximized while ensuring battery safety, thereby improving battery performance in low-temperature environments.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery heating technology, and in particular to a battery heating control method, device, equipment, storage medium, and program product. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, lithium-ion batteries (hereinafter referred to as batteries), as the main power source for electric vehicles, have received increasing attention for their overall performance. Typically, battery performance is significantly affected by ambient temperature. In low-temperature environments, lithium plating is prone to occur, which prevents the battery from outputting a large current for extended periods, greatly reducing the charging and discharging performance of electric vehicles in low-temperature environments. Therefore, effectively heating the battery in low-temperature environments to ensure it operates within a suitable temperature range has become crucial for improving its overall performance.

[0003] In related technologies, battery pulse heating technology is commonly used to heat batteries in low-temperature environments. Specifically, pulsed current is applied to heat the battery, and the frequency, amplitude, and waveform of the pulsed current are studied to optimize the battery's temperature rise rate. However, lithium plating can easily occur during pulse heating, negatively impacting battery safety and lifespan. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a battery heating control method, apparatus, device, storage medium, and program product to reduce the risk of lithium plating in battery cells during pulse heating.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a battery heating control method, comprising:

[0006] When the vehicle meets the pulse heating conditions, the saturation current of the motor that regulates the battery temperature is determined based on the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell.

[0007] The maximum pulse heating current of the motor is determined based on the maximum current and saturation current that the motor's bus can withstand.

[0008] The battery is pulse-heated based on the maximum pulse heating current.

[0009] In one possible implementation, pulse heating of the battery based on the maximum pulse heating current includes: performing stepped pulse heating of the battery based on the maximum pulse heating current; during the stepped pulse heating process, collecting the cell temperature rise rate and motor temperature; and determining the duration of continuous pulse heating and the duration of pulse intervals during the stepped pulse heating process based on the cell temperature rise rate and motor temperature.

[0010] In one possible implementation, determining the duration of continuous pulse heating and the duration of pulse intervals during the stepped pulse heating process based on the cell temperature rise rate and the motor temperature includes: determining a first value based on the duration of continuous pulse heating in the previous cycle and the motor temperature; determining a second value based on the duration of pulse intervals in the previous cycle and the motor temperature; determining a third value based on the sum of the first and second values; and determining a fourth value based on the sum of the duration of continuous pulse heating in the previous cycle and the duration of pulse intervals in the previous cycle; determining the temperature rise rate of the previous cycle based on the third and fourth values; and determining the duration of continuous pulse heating and the duration of pulse intervals in the current cycle during the stepped pulse heating process based on the cell temperature rise rate and the temperature rise rate of the previous cycle.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the maximum negative electrode potential is determined as follows: Simulation and measured data of the negative electrode potential of the battery cell are obtained. The simulation data includes the negative electrode potential of the cell corresponding to multiple preset pulse frequencies and multiple preset pulse currents, while the measured data includes the negative electrode potential of the cell corresponding to multiple preset pulse frequencies and multiple preset pulse currents. Based on the simulation and measured data, the parameter settings of the objective function are optimized. The objective function reflects the correlation between pulse frequency, pulse current, and the negative electrode potential of the cell. Based on the objective function, the negative electrode potential of the cell is simulated and analyzed to determine the maximum negative electrode potential of the cell.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the saturation current of the motor for regulating battery temperature is determined based on the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell. This includes: determining the saturation current of the motor based on a preset correlation between the negative electrode potential, the limit life frequency, and the saturation current, according to the limit life frequency of the motor and the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell. The limit life frequency of the motor represents the highest frequency at which the motor can maintain stable operation without affecting its lifespan during long-term operation.

[0013] In one possible implementation, determining the maximum pulse heating current based on the maximum current and saturation current borne by the motor bus includes: determining the smaller of the maximum current borne by the bus and the saturation current as the maximum pulse heating current.

[0014] In one possible implementation, whether a vehicle meets the pulse heating conditions is determined by: in response to a heating request from the Battery Management System (BMS), acquiring the vehicle's battery status, which includes the battery state of charge and battery temperature; if the battery state of charge is within a first threshold range and the battery temperature is within a second threshold range, then the vehicle is determined to meet the pulse heating conditions; if the battery state of charge is not within the first threshold range and / or the battery temperature is not within the second threshold range, then the vehicle is determined not to meet the pulse heating conditions.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the battery heating control method further includes: when the pulse heating condition is not met, executing a target heating strategy to heat the battery, the target heating strategy including thermal film heating and positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heating.

[0016] Secondly, this application provides a battery heating control device, comprising:

[0017] The first determining module is used to determine the saturation current of the motor that regulates the battery temperature based on the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell when the vehicle meets the pulse heating conditions.

[0018] The second determining module is used to determine the maximum pulse heating current of the motor based on the maximum current and saturation current that the motor's bus can withstand.

[0019] The processing module is used to pulse heat the battery based on the maximum pulse heating current.

[0020] Thirdly, this application provides an electronic device, including: a processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the processor;

[0021] Memory is used to store instructions executed by the computer;

[0022] A processor for executing computer-executable instructions stored in memory to implement the method described in any of the first aspects.

[0023] Fourthly, this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, which, when executed, are used to implement the method described in any of the first aspects.

[0024] Fifthly, this application provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed, implements the method described in any of the first aspects.

[0025] The battery heating control method, apparatus, equipment, storage medium, and program product provided in this application determine the saturation current of the motor for regulating battery temperature based on the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cells when the vehicle meets the pulse heating conditions; and determine the maximum pulse heating current of the motor based on the maximum current and saturation current borne by the motor bus; further, pulse heating of the battery is performed based on the maximum pulse heating current. In this process, by considering the influence of the negative electrode potential, the negative electrode potential of the battery cells is ensured to remain within a safe range during pulse heating, effectively reducing the risk of lithium plating in the battery cells, significantly reducing lithium deposition and the formation of lithium dendrites, thereby improving battery safety and lifespan. In addition, by determining the saturation current of the motor based on the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cells, and further determining the maximum pulse heating current of the motor, the heating rate of the battery can be maximized while ensuring battery safety, thereby improving battery performance in low-temperature environments. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application.

[0027] Figure 1 A schematic flowchart of a battery heating control method provided as an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the stepped pulse and the temperature rise rate, provided for an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 3 Another schematic diagram of the battery heating control method provided as an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a battery heating control device provided as an exemplary embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided as an exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0032] The accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments of this application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept in any way, but rather to illustrate the concept of this application to those skilled in the art through reference to particular embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0034] The terms “first,” “second,” etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, products, or apparatus.

[0035] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties. Furthermore, the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with relevant laws, regulations and standards, and corresponding operation entry points are provided for users to choose to authorize or refuse.

[0036] Currently, common battery heating methods include PTC heating, heating film heating, and liquid circulation heating. PTC heating and heating film heating typically offer good heating effects and fast heating speeds, but they suffer from uneven temperature rise; for example, the temperature rise rate of cells closer to the heating source is significantly higher than that of cells farther away. Additionally, PTC heating components are relatively large, occupying considerable space within the battery system. Liquid circulation heating, on the other hand, builds upon a liquid cooling system by heating the coolant to further heat the cells. In this system, the heater is usually connected in parallel with the battery pack's liquid cooling system. A control switch, such as a three-way valve, controls the flow of coolant through the heater to raise its temperature. A water pump then circulates the coolant through a metal plate at the bottom of the cell, thus heating the battery. However, liquid circulation heating is generally more expensive. Battery pulse heating technology, on the other hand, introduces a pulsed current inside the battery, utilizing the Joule heat generated when the current passes through a resistor to heat the battery, achieving rapid heating. Pulse heating typically supports heating rates of, for example, 1°C / min to 4°C / min, significantly shortening heating time and extending battery life in cold regions. Battery pulse heating technology can effectively reduce uneven temperature rise and does not require additional large heating components or complex liquid circulation systems, thus significantly reducing system costs. Therefore, it has significant advantages over PTC heating, heating film heating, and liquid circulation heating.

[0037] In battery technology, "negative electrode potential" refers to the electrical potential of the battery's negative electrode relative to a reference point (usually the standard hydrogen electrode). In lithium-ion batteries, the negative electrode material is typically composed of graphite or other materials capable of intercalating lithium ions. When the battery is charging, lithium ions move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode and intercalate there, forming LiC6 (lithium-intercalated graphite). During discharge, lithium ions deintercalate from the negative electrode and migrate back to the positive electrode. During this process, the negative electrode potential changes with the intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ions. However, the negative electrode potential is crucial to battery performance, affecting its energy density, cycle stability, and safety. Ideally, the negative electrode should stably intercalate and deintercalate lithium ions over a wide potential range to ensure good battery cycle performance.

[0038] In related technologies, when using battery pulse heating technology to heat the battery, especially during fast charging at high current density, the low temperature environment may cause a significant increase in the negative electrode potential, which may trigger lithium plating in the cell, leading to lithium metal deposition and the formation of lithium dendrites, thus negatively impacting the battery's safety and lifespan.

[0039] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a battery heating control scheme. By combining actual measurements with simulation analysis, and comprehensively considering the variation law of the battery's negative electrode potential at low temperatures, the scheme determines the safe boundary of the negative electrode potential of cells within the same system at low temperatures. This ensures that the negative electrode potential of the cell remains within a safe range during the heating process, effectively preventing lithium deposition and the formation of lithium dendrites, thereby improving battery safety and lifespan. Furthermore, by using the safe boundary of the negative electrode potential, i.e., the maximum negative electrode potential, as an input parameter, the scheme optimizes the current during pulse heating of the cell. Under the premise of ensuring battery safety, the scheme maximizes the battery's heating rate, thereby improving battery performance in low-temperature environments.

[0040] The technical solution of this application and how the technical solution of this application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. These specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments. The embodiments of this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of a battery heating control method provided as an exemplary embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the battery heating control method includes the following steps:

[0042] S101. When the vehicle meets the pulse heating conditions, determine the saturation current of the motor that regulates the battery temperature based on the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell.

[0043] Among them, pulse heating conditions refer to the preset conditions suitable for starting pulse heating; maximum negative electrode potential is the highest potential value of the battery negative electrode relative to the reference electrode, which affects the safety of the battery; saturation current refers to the maximum current that the motor can stably output without exceeding the cell's safe potential.

[0044] For example, data collected from onboard sensors, including but not limited to ambient temperature, vehicle status (such as whether it is running or in motion), and battery status, is acquired to determine whether the conditions for pulse heating are met. When the vehicle meets the preset pulse heating conditions, the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell is acquired from the pre-stored data. Based on a preset electrochemical model or empirical formula, the saturation current I of the motor is calculated according to the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell. b .

[0045] S102. Determine the maximum pulse heating current of the motor based on the maximum current and saturation current that the motor's bus can withstand.

[0046] Among them, the busbar bears the maximum current I MAX This refers to the maximum current that the busbar in the motor circuit can safely transmit; the maximum pulse heating current I. TEPThis refers to the highest current value at which the motor can be safely used during pulse heating.

[0047] In some embodiments, determining the maximum pulse heating current based on the maximum current and saturation current borne by the motor bus includes: determining the smaller of the maximum current borne by the bus and the saturation current as the maximum pulse heating current.

[0048] For example, if I MAX ≥I b , then I TEP =I b ;if I MAX <I b , then I TEP =I MAX .

[0049] S103. The battery is pulse-heated based on the maximum pulse heating current.

[0050] For example, using the maximum pulse heating current I TEP The system performs a pulse heating process. This process rapidly raises the battery temperature using high-frequency current pulses, ensuring that the battery can quickly reach its operating temperature in low-temperature environments while maintaining battery safety and performance.

[0051] The battery heating control method provided in this application takes into account the influence of the negative electrode potential, ensuring that the negative electrode potential of the battery cell remains within a safe range during pulse heating, effectively reducing the risk of lithium plating in the battery cell, significantly reducing lithium deposition and the formation of lithium dendrites, thereby improving the safety and lifespan of the battery; in addition, by determining the saturation current of the motor based on the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell, and further determining the maximum pulse heating current of the motor, the heating rate of the battery can be maximized while ensuring battery safety, thereby improving the performance of the battery in low-temperature environments.

[0052] The principle of pulse heating technology is to apply a pulsed current inside the battery to achieve rapid heating using the Joule heating effect. Based on the equivalent circuit heat generation model of the battery cell, Q = I... 2 R e Where Q is the heat generated by the battery cell, I is the pulse current of the battery cell, and R... e This represents the real impedance of the battery cell. Based on this principle, and considering that different battery cells have specific electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), where R... e The larger the value, the more heat Q the battery cell generates, and at the same time, R... e It is also frequency-dependent, meaning that the impedance value R of the battery cell varies at different frequencies. eThere will be some changes; since the heat Q generated by the battery cell is proportional to the square of the cell pulse current I, the larger the cell pulse current I, the more heat Q is generated. Therefore, the battery heating process can be optimized by adjusting the pulse current and considering the impedance characteristics of the battery cell to achieve rapid heating. In related technologies, in order to analyze the impact of pulse heating parameters such as pulse current and frequency on the battery temperature rise rate, as well as battery life and safety, it is usually necessary to adjust the pulse heating parameters multiple times and conduct long-term experimental cycles. This process is time-consuming and lengthy.

[0053] Therefore, in some embodiments, the maximum negative electrode potential is determined as follows: Simulation data and measured data of the negative electrode potential of the battery cell are obtained. The simulation data includes the negative electrode potential of the cell corresponding to multiple preset pulse frequencies and multiple preset pulse currents, and the measured data includes the negative electrode potential of the cell corresponding to multiple preset pulse frequencies and multiple preset pulse currents. Based on the simulation data and measured data, the parameter settings of the objective function are optimized. The objective function reflects the correlation between pulse frequency, pulse current, and negative electrode potential of the cell. Based on the objective function, the negative electrode potential of the cell is simulated and analyzed to determine the maximum negative electrode potential of the cell.

[0054] For example, based on theoretical analysis, a functional relationship between different frequencies and pulse currents is established. in, F represents the negative electrode potential of the battery cell. i The frequency parameter represents the simulation input, I represents the pulse current, and f1 represents... With F i The mapping function between I and . Where, The larger the absolute value, the higher the risk of lithium plating. Accordingly, electrochemical simulation software is used to simulate the negative electrode potential of the battery cell under different pulse frequencies and different pulse currents. For example, Table 1 shows an example of the simulation results of negative electrode potential and pulse current and frequency provided by the exemplary embodiment of this application.

[0055] Table 1

[0056]

[0057] As shown in Table 1, comparing simulation experiment 1 and simulation experiment 2, when F i At the same time, the larger I is, the larger the absolute value of the negative electrode potential of the cell, and the higher the risk of lithium plating in the cell; comparing simulation experiment 1 and simulation experiment 3, when I is the same, F i The larger the value, the smaller the absolute value of the negative electrode potential of the battery cell, and the lower the risk of lithium plating in the battery cell.

[0058] Correspondingly, under laboratory conditions, the battery cell was actually tested, and the negative electrode potential was recorded under the same pulse frequency and current conditions; the simulation data was compared with the measured data, and based on the comparison results, the parameter settings of f1 were optimized; based on the optimized... Simulation analysis was conducted to explore the changes in negative electrode potential under different combinations of frequency and pulse current, and the negative electrode potential value of the cell under all simulation conditions was identified, thereby determining the maximum negative electrode potential of the cell.

[0059] It should be noted that the simulation results shown in Table 1 are only an example. In practical applications, multiple sets of simulation experiments can be conducted under various simulation conditions. Here, there is no limit to the simulation conditions and the frequency of simulation verification.

[0060] Optionally, before comparing the simulation data with the measured data, data cleaning operations can be performed on the simulation data and the measured data. Data cleaning operations include, but are not limited to, at least one of outlier handling, noise handling, and duplicate value handling.

[0061] In this embodiment, by combining actual measurement with simulation, the variation law of the negative electrode potential of the battery cell under different pulse frequencies and current conditions can be obtained more accurately. This dual verification makes the determined maximum negative electrode potential more accurate and reliable, which helps to assess and control the risk of lithium plating and reduce the possibility of safety accidents of the battery under extreme conditions. This is crucial for extending battery life and ensuring safe use. In addition, compared with relying solely on long-cycle actual measurement, this analysis method that combines actual measurement with simulation can significantly reduce the number of experiments and time, effectively reducing R&D costs and resource consumption.

[0062] In some embodiments, the saturation current of the motor that regulates the battery temperature is determined based on the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell. This includes: determining the saturation current of the motor based on a preset correlation between the negative electrode potential, the limit life frequency, and the saturation current, according to the limit life frequency of the motor and the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell. The limit life frequency of the motor represents the highest frequency at which the motor can maintain stable operation without affecting its lifespan during long-term operation.

[0063] The motor's limit life frequency is determined by factors such as the motor's design and material properties, and can usually be stored as a key fixed parameter in the motor controller, BMS, or embedded memory. Accordingly, when the vehicle meets the pulse heating conditions, the motor's limit life frequency is read from the motor controller, BMS, or embedded memory. Based on the preset correlation between the negative electrode potential, the limit life frequency, and the saturation current, the motor's saturation current is determined according to the motor's limit life frequency and the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cells.

[0064] For example, the limiting life frequency F of the motor.life and maximum negative electrode potential Substitution Right now Thus, the saturation current I of the motor is obtained. b .

[0065] In this embodiment, by determining the saturation current of the motor based on the motor's limit lifespan frequency and the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cells, the motor can be ensured to operate within its designed safe range, effectively reducing the risk of excessive wear and premature failure, thereby helping to extend the motor's service life.

[0066] Considering that prolonged high-amplitude pulse heating current can severely impact motor lifespan, and in order to maximize the cell temperature rise rate, some embodiments employ pulse heating of the battery based on the maximum pulse heating current. This includes: performing stepped pulse heating of the battery based on the maximum pulse heating current; during the stepped pulse heating process, collecting the cell temperature rise rate and motor temperature; and determining the duration of continuous pulse heating and the duration of pulse intervals during the stepped pulse heating process based on the cell temperature rise rate and motor temperature.

[0067] Among them, stepped pulse heating refers to a heating strategy that alternates between continuous pulse heating and pulse intervals. Specifically, it involves continuous pulse heating for a duration t1 based on the maximum pulse heating current, followed by a pulse interval of t2, with continuous pulse heating and pulse intervals performed alternately. Assuming the maximum pulse heating current is 800A, for example... Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the stepped pulse and the temperature rise rate, provided for an exemplary embodiment of this application. (See diagram below.) Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 (a) in the text refers to a cycle of continuous heating of the battery for 500s (i.e., continuous pulse heating duration) and resting for 300s (i.e., pulse interval duration) based on a pulse heating current of 500Hz and 537A. Figure 2 (b) in the text refers to a cycle of continuous heating of the battery for 500 seconds and resting for 300 seconds based on a pulse heating current of 500 Hz and 800 A. Figure 2 (c) in the text refers to continuous heating of the battery based on a pulse heating current of 500Hz and 800A; Figure 2 In this context, (d) refers to the continuous heating cycle of the battery based on a pulse heating current of 500Hz, 300A and 500Hz, 800A.

[0068] in, Figure 2 The temperature curves T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 in the figure represent the changes in cell temperature over time, and are obtained by temperature sensors deployed at different locations within the cell. Correspondingly, by comparison... Figure 2 (a) and Figure 2 In (b), it can be observed that Figure 2In (b) of the paper, when the battery is continuously heated using a pulse heating current of 500 Hz and 800 A, the temperature rise rate rapidly reaches 2 °C / min. Figure 2 In (a) of the study, when the battery is continuously heated using a pulse heating current of 500 Hz and 537 A, the maximum temperature rise rate can only reach 1.1 °C / min; by comparison... Figure 2 (b) and Figure 2 In (c), it can be observed that after continuous heating for a period of time, Figure 2 (b) and Figure 2 The temperature rise rate in (c) can all reach 2℃ / min, such as Figure 2 As shown in (c), when a pulse heating current of 500 Hz and 800 A is continuously applied to heat the battery, the temperature rise rate does not continue to increase and remains at 2 °C / min. Figure 2 In (b), during the 300s settling period, the temperature values ​​in the corresponding temperature curves T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 decreased slightly, but remained at a relatively high level; by comparison... Figure 2 (b) and Figure 2 (d) in the middle Figure 2 (d) involves continuous heating cycles of the battery based on pulse heating currents of 500Hz, 300A and 500Hz, and 800A. During the heating of the battery based on the 500Hz, 300A pulse heating current, the corresponding temperature rise rate is very slow. Due to the continuous application of pulse heating current, combined with the equivalent circuit heat generation model of the battery cell, Q = I... 2 R e The entire process generates heat, resulting in insignificant temperature increases and impacting motor lifespan. Therefore, using stepped pulse heating based on the maximum pulse heating current can maximize the cell temperature rise rate and extend motor lifespan.

[0069] It should be noted that the above-mentioned maximum pulse heating current of 800A, continuous pulse heating duration of 500s, and pulse interval duration of 300s are only examples. In actual applications, the maximum pulse heating current corresponding to different motors may be different, and the corresponding continuous heating time and resting time may also be different. The specific values ​​of the maximum pulse heating current, continuous pulse heating duration, and pulse interval duration are not limited here.

[0070] Accordingly, during the stepped pulse heating process, the temperature rise rate of the battery cell and the temperature of the motor are collected in real time. Specifically, the temperature rise rate can be obtained by monitoring the rate of change of the battery cell temperature using a temperature sensor, while the motor temperature is obtained by a temperature sensor installed on the motor. This data is crucial for evaluating the heating effect and safety. Based on the collected battery cell temperature rise rate and motor temperature, the duration of continuous pulse heating and the duration of pulse intervals are determined. For example, if the battery cell temperature rise rate no longer increases and the heating time based on the maximum pulse heating current exceeds the preset duration, the battery cell temperature rise rate is too high, or the motor temperature exceeds a preset threshold, then the pulse heating time needs to be shortened or the pulse interval duration needs to be extended to prevent the motor from overheating. This adjustment process ensures the safety and effectiveness of the heating process. Based on the adjusted pulse heating time and the adjusted pulse interval duration, heating continues. At the same time, the temperature changes of the battery cell and the motor are continuously monitored, and the pulse heating time and pulse interval duration are dynamically adjusted according to the changes to ensure that the heating process is carried out within a safe range. By continuously adjusting the pulse heating time and pulse interval duration, better heating effects can be achieved under different environmental conditions.

[0071] In this embodiment, the battery is subjected to stepped pulse heating based on the maximum pulse heating current. During the stepped pulse heating process, the cell temperature rise rate and motor temperature are monitored. The pulse heating duration and pulse interval duration are dynamically adjusted according to the cell temperature rise rate and motor temperature. This maximizes the cell temperature rise rate while ensuring safety, and effectively reduces the overheating and damage to the motor caused by long-term large-value pulse heating current. This ensures that the heating process is carried out within a safe range, thereby extending the service life of the motor.

[0072] Based on the above embodiments, in some embodiments, the duration of continuous pulse heating and the duration of pulse intervals during the stepped pulse heating process are determined according to the cell temperature rise rate and the motor temperature, including: determining a first value based on the duration of continuous pulse heating in the previous cycle and the motor temperature; determining a second value based on the duration of pulse intervals in the previous cycle and the motor temperature; determining a third value based on the sum of the first value and the second value; and determining a fourth value based on the sum of the duration of continuous pulse heating in the previous cycle and the duration of pulse intervals in the previous cycle; determining the temperature rise rate of the previous cycle based on the third value and the fourth value; and determining the duration of continuous pulse heating and the duration of pulse intervals in the current cycle during the stepped pulse heating process based on the cell temperature rise rate and the temperature rise rate of the previous cycle.

[0073] For example, the cell temperature rise rate satisfies the following formula:

[0074]

[0075] Where ΔV is the cell temperature rise rate, t1 is the continuous pulse heating time, t2 is the pulse interval time, T is the motor temperature, and f2 represents the mapping function.

[0076] Correspondingly, based on the above cell temperature rise rate formula, the temperature rise rate of the previous cycle is determined based on the duration of continuous pulse heating, the duration of pulse intervals, and the motor temperature of the previous cycle. By comparing the currently collected cell temperature rise rate with the temperature rise rate of the previous cycle, the duration of continuous pulse heating and the duration of pulse intervals in the current cycle are determined during the stepped pulse heating process. Specifically, if the currently collected cell temperature rise rate is greater than or equal to the temperature rise rate of the previous cycle, it indicates that the current temperature rise rate is high, and the duration of continuous pulse heating can be appropriately reduced or the duration of pulse intervals increased to avoid overheating. If the currently collected cell temperature rise rate is less than the temperature rise rate of the previous cycle, it indicates that the current temperature rise rate is low, and the duration of continuous pulse heating can be increased or the duration of pulse intervals decreased to improve temperature rise efficiency.

[0077] In this embodiment, the pulse heating duration and pulse interval duration can be dynamically adjusted based on the cell temperature rise rate and motor temperature. This precise control method can not only effectively optimize the temperature rise process, enabling the battery to reach the ideal operating temperature in the shortest time, but also effectively reduce unnecessary energy consumption and improve the overall energy efficiency of the system. This not only extends the battery's range but also reduces operating costs and reduces the risk of motor damage due to overheating, thereby extending the service life of the motor and battery.

[0078] In some embodiments, whether a vehicle meets the pulse heating conditions is determined by: in response to a heating request from the BMS, obtaining the vehicle's battery status, which includes the battery state of charge and battery temperature; if the battery state of charge is within a first threshold range and the battery temperature is within a second threshold range, then the vehicle is determined to meet the pulse heating conditions; if the battery state of charge is not within the first threshold range and / or the battery temperature is not within the second threshold range, then the vehicle is determined not to meet the pulse heating conditions.

[0079] For example, suppose the first threshold range is, for instance, 30%-90%; and the second threshold range is, for instance, -30°C-0°C. Correspondingly, if the battery state of charge is within 30%-90% and the battery temperature is within -30°C-0°C, for example, if the battery state of charge is 50% and the battery temperature is -25°C, then the vehicle is determined to meet the pulse heating conditions.

[0080] Accordingly, in one implementation, if the battery state of charge is not within 30%-90%, for example, if the battery state of charge is 10%, then the vehicle is determined not to meet the pulse heating conditions; in another implementation, if the battery temperature is not within -30℃-0℃, for example, if the battery temperature is 5℃, then the vehicle is determined not to meet the pulse heating conditions; in yet another implementation, if the battery state of charge is not within 30%-90% and the battery temperature is not within -30℃-0℃, for example, if the battery state of charge is 10% and the battery temperature is 5℃, then the vehicle is determined not to meet the pulse heating conditions.

[0081] It should be noted that the values ​​corresponding to the first and second threshold ranges mentioned above are only examples. In actual applications, the threshold ranges can be adjusted according to different battery types and vehicle requirements, making them highly adaptable and suitable for various vehicles and application scenarios. Therefore, no limitation is made on the first and second threshold ranges here.

[0082] In this embodiment, by determining the conditions, pulse heating is ensured to be performed only under appropriate state of charge and temperature conditions, which can optimize the heating efficiency of the battery and thus improve the battery's performance in low-temperature environments. In addition, by strictly determining the conditions, heating operations are reduced in unsafe conditions, which can effectively reduce the risk of battery overheating or other safety hazards, thereby extending the battery's lifespan.

[0083] Based on the above embodiments, in some embodiments, the battery heating control method further includes: when the pulse heating condition is not met, executing a target heating strategy to heat the battery, the target heating strategy including thermal film heating and PTC heating.

[0084] For example, in one implementation, the hot film heater is activated to heat the battery; in another implementation, the PTC heater is activated to heat the battery; and in yet another implementation, both the hot film heater and the PTC heater are activated simultaneously to heat the battery.

[0085] For example, when pulse heating conditions are not met, the hot film heater is activated. The hot film is in close contact with the battery surface and slowly and evenly transfers heat to the battery through resistance heating, causing the battery temperature to gradually rise. Correspondingly, to accelerate the heating process, the PTC heater is activated simultaneously, which rapidly provides a higher heat output to help the battery heat up quickly. Due to the self-regulating characteristics of the PTC material, when the battery temperature approaches 0°C, the power of the PTC heater automatically decreases to prevent overheating. Furthermore, the system continuously monitors the battery temperature, and when the battery temperature reaches 0°C, the hot film heater and the PTC heater stop operating.

[0086] Figure 3 Another schematic flowchart of a battery heating control method provided for an exemplary embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 3 As shown, the battery heating control method includes the following steps:

[0087] S301. In response to the heating request from the BMS, obtain the overall vehicle status.

[0088] For example, the vehicle status includes, but is not limited to, battery state of charge and battery temperature.

[0089] S302. Determine whether the overall vehicle condition meets the pulse heating conditions.

[0090] For example, if the battery state of charge is within a first threshold range and the battery temperature is within a second threshold range, then the vehicle is determined to meet the pulse heating conditions; if the battery state of charge is not within the first threshold range and / or the battery temperature is not within the second threshold range, then the vehicle is determined not to meet the pulse heating conditions.

[0091] Correspondingly, if yes, then execute S303; otherwise, execute S306.

[0092] S303. Based on the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell and the motor's limit life frequency, determine the saturation current of the motor for regulating battery temperature.

[0093] The maximum negative electrode potential is determined in advance as follows: Simulation and measured data of the negative electrode potential of the battery cells are obtained. The simulation data includes the negative electrode potential of the cells corresponding to multiple preset pulse frequencies and multiple preset pulse currents, while the measured data includes the negative electrode potential of the cells corresponding to multiple preset pulse frequencies and multiple preset pulse currents. Based on the simulation and measured data, the parameter settings of the objective function are optimized. The objective function reflects the correlation between pulse frequency, pulse current, and the negative electrode potential of the cells. Based on the objective function, the negative electrode potential of the cells is simulated and analyzed to determine the maximum negative electrode potential of the cells.

[0094] Correspondingly, the motor's limit life frequency F is... life and maximum negative electrode potential Substitution Right now Thus, the saturation current I of the motor is obtained. b .

[0095] S304. Determine the maximum pulse heating current of the motor based on the maximum current and saturation current that the motor's bus can withstand.

[0096] For example, the smaller of the maximum current the bus can withstand and the saturation current is determined to be the maximum pulse heating current.

[0097] S305. Based on the maximum pulse heating current, the battery is subjected to stepped pulse heating.

[0098] For example, based on the maximum pulse heating current, continuous pulse heating is performed for a duration of t1, followed by a pulse interval duration of t2, and continuous pulse heating and pulse interval are performed alternately; and during the stepped pulse heating process, the cell temperature rise rate and motor temperature are collected, and the duration of continuous pulse heating and pulse interval are dynamically adjusted according to the cell temperature rise rate and motor temperature.

[0099] S306. Execute the target heating strategy to heat the battery. The target heating strategy includes thermal film heating and PTC heating.

[0100] For example, when the pulse heating condition is not met, in one implementation, only the hot film heater is activated to heat the battery; in another implementation, the PTC heater is activated to heat the battery; and in yet another implementation, both the hot film heater and the PTC heater are activated to heat the battery simultaneously.

[0101] In summary, this application has at least the following advantages:

[0102] First, by considering the influence of the negative electrode potential, the negative electrode potential of the battery cell is kept within a safe range during pulse heating, effectively reducing the risk of lithium plating in the battery cell, significantly reducing lithium deposition and the formation of lithium dendrites, thereby improving the safety and lifespan of the battery. In addition, by determining the saturation current of the motor based on the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell, and further determining the maximum pulse heating current of the motor, the heating rate of the battery can be maximized while ensuring battery safety, thereby improving the battery performance in low-temperature environments.

[0103] Second, by combining actual measurements with simulations, the variation of the negative electrode potential of the battery cell under different pulse frequencies and current conditions can be obtained more accurately. This dual verification makes the determined maximum negative electrode potential more accurate and reliable, which helps to assess and control the risk of lithium plating and reduce the possibility of safety accidents in the battery under extreme conditions. This is crucial for extending battery life and ensuring safe use. In addition, compared with relying solely on long-cycle actual measurements, this analysis method that combines actual measurements with simulations can significantly reduce the number of experiments and time, effectively reducing R&D costs and resource consumption.

[0104] Third, by using the maximum pulse heating current to perform stepped pulse heating on the battery, and monitoring the cell temperature rise rate and motor temperature during the stepped pulse heating process, the pulse heating duration and pulse interval duration are dynamically adjusted according to the cell temperature rise rate and motor temperature. This can maximize the cell temperature rise rate while ensuring safety, and effectively reduce the overheating and damage to the motor caused by long-term large-value pulse heating current, ensuring that the heating process is carried out within a safe range, thereby extending the service life of the motor.

[0105] The following are embodiments of the apparatus described in this application, which can be used to execute the embodiments of the method described in this application. For details not disclosed in the apparatus embodiments of this application, please refer to the embodiments of the method described in this application.

[0106] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a battery heating control device provided as an exemplary embodiment of this application. Figure 4 As shown, the battery heating control device 40 includes a first determining module 41, a second determining module 42, and a processing module 43, wherein:

[0107] The first determining module 41 is used to determine the saturation current of the motor that regulates the battery temperature based on the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell when the vehicle meets the pulse heating conditions.

[0108] The second determining module 42 is used to determine the maximum pulse heating current of the motor based on the maximum current and saturation current that the motor's bus can withstand.

[0109] Processing module 43 is used to pulse heat the battery based on the maximum pulse heating current.

[0110] In one possible implementation, the processing module 43 may be specifically used to: perform stepped pulse heating on the battery based on the maximum pulse heating current; during the stepped pulse heating process, collect the cell temperature rise rate and the motor temperature; and determine the duration of continuous pulse heating and the duration of pulse interval during the stepped pulse heating process based on the cell temperature rise rate and the motor temperature.

[0111] In one possible implementation, the processing module 43 can also be used to: determine a first value based on the duration of continuous pulse heating in the previous cycle and the motor temperature; determine a second value based on the duration of pulse interval in the previous cycle and the motor temperature; determine a third value based on the sum of the first value and the second value; and determine a fourth value based on the sum of the duration of continuous pulse heating in the previous cycle and the duration of pulse interval in the previous cycle; determine the temperature rise rate of the previous cycle based on the third value and the fourth value; and determine the duration of continuous pulse heating in the current cycle and the duration of pulse interval in the current cycle during the stepped pulse heating process based on the cell temperature rise rate and the temperature rise rate of the previous cycle.

[0112] In one possible implementation, the maximum negative electrode potential is determined as follows: Simulation and measured data of the negative electrode potential of the battery cell are obtained. The simulation data includes the negative electrode potential of the cell corresponding to multiple preset pulse frequencies and multiple preset pulse currents, while the measured data includes the negative electrode potential of the cell corresponding to multiple preset pulse frequencies and multiple preset pulse currents. Based on the simulation and measured data, the parameter settings of the objective function are optimized. The objective function reflects the correlation between pulse frequency, pulse current, and the negative electrode potential of the cell. Based on the objective function, the negative electrode potential of the cell is simulated and analyzed to determine the maximum negative electrode potential of the cell.

[0113] In one possible implementation, the first determining module 41 may be specifically used to: determine the saturation current of the motor based on the preset correlation between the negative electrode potential, the limit life frequency and the saturation current, according to the limit life frequency of the motor and the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell. The limit life frequency of the motor represents the highest frequency at which the motor can maintain stable operation without affecting its lifespan during long-term operation.

[0114] In one possible implementation, the first determining module 41 can also be used to: determine the smaller of the maximum current and the saturation current that the bus can withstand as the maximum pulse heating current.

[0115] In one possible implementation, whether a vehicle meets the pulse heating conditions is determined by: in response to a heating request from the BMS, obtaining the vehicle's battery status, which includes the battery state of charge and battery temperature; if the battery state of charge is within a first threshold range and the battery temperature is within a second threshold range, then the vehicle is determined to meet the pulse heating conditions; if the battery state of charge is not within the first threshold range and / or the battery temperature is not within the second threshold range, then the vehicle is determined not to meet the pulse heating conditions.

[0116] In one possible implementation, the processing module 43 can also be used to: heat the battery by executing a target heating strategy when the pulse heating conditions are not met, the target heating strategy including thermal film heating and PTC heating.

[0117] The battery heating control device provided in this application embodiment can execute the technical solution shown in the above-described battery heating control method embodiment. Its implementation principle and beneficial effects are similar, and will not be described again here.

[0118] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are all optional embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0119] It should be further noted that although the steps in the flowchart are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowchart may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages. These sub-steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0120] It should be noted that the above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, and the device of this application can also be implemented in other ways; and it should be understood that the division of the various modules of the above device is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into a single physical entity, or they can be physically separated. Furthermore, these modules can all be implemented in software through processing element calls; they can all be implemented in hardware; or some modules can be implemented by processing element calls to software, and some modules can be implemented in hardware. For example, a processing module can be a separately established processing element, or it can be integrated into a chip of the above device. Alternatively, it can be stored as program code in the memory of the above device, and its functions can be called and executed by a processing element of the above device. The implementation of other modules is similar. In addition, these modules can be fully or partially integrated together, or they can be implemented independently. The processing element here can be an integrated circuit with signal processing capabilities. In the implementation process, each step of the above method or each of the above modules can be completed by the integrated logic circuit in the hardware of the processor element or by software instructions.

[0121] For example, these modules can be one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the above methods, such as one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). As another example, when a module is implemented using processing element scheduler code, the processing element can be a general-purpose processor, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or other processor capable of calling program code. Furthermore, these modules can be integrated together as a System-On-a-Chip (SOC).

[0122] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. A computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the flow or function according to the embodiments of this application is generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available media can be magnetic media (e.g., floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes), optical media (e.g., Digital Video Discs, DVDs), or semiconductor media (e.g., solid-state disks (SSDs)).

[0123] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided as an exemplary embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the electronic device 50 in this embodiment includes:

[0124] At least one processor 51; and a memory 52 communicatively connected to said at least one processor;

[0125] The memory 52 stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor 51 to cause the electronic device to perform the method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0126] Alternatively, the memory 52 can be either standalone or integrated with the processor 51.

[0127] The memory 52 may include high-speed random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device.

[0128] The processor 51 may be a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of this application. Specifically, when implementing the battery heating control method described in the foregoing method embodiments, the electronic device may be, for example, an electronic device with processing capabilities such as a server.

[0129] Optionally, the electronic device may also include a communication interface 53. In specific implementations, if the communication interface 53, memory 52, and processor 51 are implemented independently, they can be interconnected via a bus to complete communication. The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, control buses, etc., but this does not imply that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0130] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the communication interface 53, memory 52 and processor 51 are integrated on a single chip, then the communication interface 53, memory 52 and processor 51 can communicate through an internal interface.

[0131] The implementation principle and technical effects of the electronic device provided in this embodiment can be found in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0132] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed, they are used to implement the method steps as described in the above method embodiments. The specific implementation methods and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0133] The aforementioned computer-readable storage media can be implemented from any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM), Read Only Memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. The readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0134] An exemplary readable storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the readable storage medium. Of course, the readable storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the readable storage medium can reside in an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Alternatively, the processor and the readable storage medium can exist as discrete components in a battery heating control device.

[0135] This application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed, implements the method steps as described in the above method embodiments. The specific implementation and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0136] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have their own emphasis. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments. The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered within the scope of this specification.

[0137] Other embodiments of this application will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this application are indicated by the following claims.

[0138] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A battery heating control method, characterized in that, include: When the vehicle meets the pulse heating conditions, the saturation current of the motor that regulates the battery temperature is determined based on the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell. The maximum pulse heating current of the motor is determined based on the maximum current that the motor's bus can withstand and the saturation current. The battery is pulse-heated based on the maximum pulse heating current.

2. The battery heating control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of pulse heating the battery based on the maximum pulse heating current includes: The battery is subjected to stepped pulse heating based on the maximum pulse heating current; During the stepped pulse heating process, the cell temperature rise rate and motor temperature are collected; Based on the cell temperature rise rate and the motor temperature, the duration of continuous pulse heating and the duration of pulse intervals during the stepped pulse heating process are determined.

3. The battery heating control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of determining the duration of continuous pulse heating and the duration of pulse interval during the stepped pulse heating process based on the cell temperature rise rate and the motor temperature includes: Based on the duration of the continuous pulse heating in the previous cycle and the motor temperature, a first value is determined; The second value is determined based on the pulse interval duration of the previous cycle and the motor temperature; The third value is determined based on the sum of the first value and the second value, and the fourth value is determined based on the sum of the continuous pulse heating duration of the previous cycle and the pulse interval duration of the previous cycle. The temperature rise rate of the previous cycle is determined based on the third and fourth values. Based on the cell temperature rise rate and the temperature rise rate of the previous cycle, the duration of continuous pulse heating and the duration of pulse interval in the current cycle are determined during the stepped pulse heating process.

4. The battery heating control method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The maximum negative electrode potential is determined in the following way: The simulation data and measured data of the negative electrode potential of the battery cell are obtained. The simulation data includes the negative electrode potential of the battery cell corresponding to multiple preset pulse frequencies and multiple preset pulse currents. The measured data includes the negative electrode potential of the battery cell corresponding to multiple preset pulse frequencies and multiple preset pulse currents. Based on the simulation data and the measured data, the parameter settings of the objective function are optimized. The objective function reflects the correlation between pulse frequency, pulse current and cell negative electrode potential. The negative electrode potential of the battery cell is simulated and analyzed based on the objective function to determine the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell.

5. The battery heating control method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The determination of the saturation current of the motor for regulating battery temperature based on the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cells includes: Based on the preset correlation between negative electrode potential, limit life frequency and saturation current, the saturation current of the motor is determined according to the limit life frequency of the motor and the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell. The limit life frequency of the motor represents the highest frequency at which the motor can maintain stable operation without affecting its lifespan during long-term operation.

6. The battery heating control method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Determining the maximum pulse heating current based on the maximum current borne by the motor's bus and the saturation current includes: The smaller of the maximum current that the bus can withstand and the saturation current is determined to be the maximum pulse heating current.

7. The battery heating control method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Whether a vehicle meets the conditions for pulse heating is determined in the following way: In response to a heating request from the battery management system, the battery status of the vehicle is obtained, including the battery state of charge and the battery temperature. If the battery state of charge is within a first threshold range and the battery temperature is within a second threshold range, then the vehicle is determined to meet the pulse heating condition. If the battery state of charge is not within the first threshold range, and / or the battery temperature is not within the second threshold range, then the vehicle is determined not to meet the pulse heating conditions.

8. The battery heating control method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Also includes: If the pulse heating condition is not met, a target heating strategy is executed to heat the battery. The target heating strategy includes thermal film heating and positive temperature coefficient heating.

9. A battery heating control device, characterized in that, include: The first determining module is used to determine the saturation current of the motor that regulates the battery temperature based on the maximum negative electrode potential of the battery cell when the vehicle meets the pulse heating conditions. The second determining module is used to determine the maximum pulse heating current of the motor based on the maximum current that the motor's bus can withstand and the saturation current. The processing module is used to pulse heat the battery based on the maximum pulse heating current.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: A processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the processor; The memory is used to store computer-executed instructions; The processor is configured to execute the computer execution instructions to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed, are used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

12. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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