Mechanical ventilation hydrogen storage tower, operation method and hydrogen leakage solving method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen safety, and provides a mechanical ventilation hydrogen storage tower, an operation method and a hydrogen leakage solving method. The mechanical ventilation hydrogen storage tower comprises a hydrogen energy storage system which comprises an electrolytic cell, a fuel cell, a metal hydride hydrogen storage device and a heat exchange fluid system. Hydrogen generated by electrolyzing water in the electrolytic tank flows into the metal hydride hydrogen storage device, and heat generated by the metal hydride hydrogen storage device is absorbed by the heat exchange fluid system; the heat exchange fluid system is used for releasing heat to the metal hydride hydrogen storage device to enable the metal hydride to release hydrogen, heat exchange fluid flows into the buffer tank and returns to the heat exchange fluid bath, and the hydrogen released by the metal hydride hydrogen storage device flows into the fuel cell for power generation; the electrolytic bath, the fuel cell, the heat exchange fluid bath and the buffer tank are arranged at the bottom of the tower body; the heat exchange fluid pipeline is arranged at the upper part in the tower body; the mechanical ventilation device is arranged below the heat exchange fluid pipeline; and a plurality of layers of staggered metal hydride hydrogen storage devices are arranged between the mechanical ventilation device and the electrolytic cell / fuel cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen safety, and in particular relates to a mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage tower, an operating method and a hydrogen leakage solution. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] In the existing technology, the storage of hydrogen mainly relies on high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage and solid hydrogen storage materials. High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage has high hydrogen storage pressure and potential explosion risk; liquid hydrogen storage requires extremely low temperature conditions and requires continuous consumption of a large amount of energy to maintain low temperature, which has poor economic efficiency; while solid hydrogen storage materials, especially metal hydrides, have the advantages of low hydrogen storage pressure, high volume hydrogen storage density and good hydrogen storage safety, and are an important development direction for future hydrogen storage technology. In addition, the storage / desorption process of metal hydrides is accompanied by a strong thermal effect, which is manifested as heat release in the hydrogen storage process and heat absorption in the hydrogen desorption process, which provides the possibility for active control of the hydrogen leakage rate.

[0004] In summary, there is an urgent need to develop a mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage device based on metal hydride hydrogen storage and a hydrogen leakage countermeasure. The hydrogen storage device can control the hydrogen concentration in the tower through mechanical ventilation, eliminate leaked hydrogen in time, and ensure the safety of the hydrogen energy storage system. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve at least one technical problem existing in the above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides a mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage tower, an operation method and a hydrogen leakage solution, which can control the hydrogen concentration in the tower through mechanical ventilation, eliminate the leaked hydrogen in time, and ensure the safety of the hydrogen energy storage system.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A first aspect of the present invention provides a mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage tower.

[0008] A mechanical ventilation hydrogen storage tower, comprising a tower body, a mechanical ventilation device and a hydrogen energy storage system;

[0009] The hydrogen energy storage system comprises an electrolyzer, a fuel cell, a metal hydride hydrogen storage device and a heat exchange fluid system; the heat exchange fluid system comprises a heat exchange fluid pipeline connected to a heat exchange fluid bath and a buffer tank; the electrolyzer electrolyzes water to generate hydrogen which flows into the metal hydride hydrogen storage device, and the heat exchange fluid system is used to absorb the heat generated by the metal hydride hydrogen storage device; the heat exchange fluid system is used to release heat to the metal hydride hydrogen storage device to make the metal hydride release hydrogen, the heat exchange fluid flows into the buffer tank and returns to the heat exchange fluid bath, and the hydrogen released by the metal hydride hydrogen storage device flows into the fuel cell to generate electricity;

[0010] The electrolyzer, fuel cell, heat exchange fluid bath and buffer tank are arranged at the bottom of the tower body; the heat exchange fluid pipeline is arranged at the upper part of the tower body; the mechanical ventilation device is arranged below the heat exchange fluid pipeline; and a multi-layer staggered metal hydride hydrogen storage device is arranged between the mechanical ventilation device and the electrolyzer / fuel cell.

[0011] As an implementation mode, the tower body is vertically arranged, the air inlet is arranged on the side of the bottom end of the tower body, and the air outlet is arranged on the top end of the tower body.

[0012] As an embodiment, the tower body is cylindrical.

[0013] As an embodiment, the hot fluid pipeline includes a first heat exchange fluid ascending pipeline, a first heat exchange fluid descending pipeline, a second heat exchange fluid ascending pipeline and a second heat exchange fluid descending pipeline, the first heat exchange fluid ascending pipeline is connected to the metal hydride hydrogen storage device, and the first heat exchange fluid descending pipeline is connected to the buffer tank; the second heat exchange fluid ascending pipeline is connected to the buffer tank, and the second heat exchange fluid descending pipeline is connected to the heat exchange fluid bath.

[0014] As an implementation mode, a hydrogen sensor is disposed outside the metal hydride hydrogen storage device, and the hydrogen sensor is connected to a controller, and the controller is used to control the rotation speed of the mechanical ventilation device according to the hydrogen content monitored by the hydrogen sensor.

[0015] As an implementation mode, the metal hydride hydrogen storage device is filled with metal hydride solid hydrogen storage material.

[0016] As an embodiment, the metal hydride solid hydrogen storage material includes one or a combination of LaNi5, Mg, Mg2Ni, and FeTi.

[0017] As an implementation manner, the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid pipeline is one or a combination of water, heat transfer oil and air.

[0018] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for operating a mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage tower.

[0019] A method for operating a mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage tower, comprising:

[0020] During the hydrogen storage process, the electrolyzer electrolyzes water to produce hydrogen, which flows into each metal hydride hydrogen storage device; the low-temperature fluid flows out of the heat exchange fluid bath, flows into each metal hydride hydrogen storage device to absorb heat, then flows into the buffer tank, and is pre-cooled by the air flow in the tower in the heat exchange pipeline on the upper part of the tower body, and then returns to the heat exchange fluid bath;

[0021] During the dehydrogenation process, each hydrogen storage device releases hydrogen into the fuel cell, generating electricity through electrochemical reactions; the high-temperature fluid flows out of the heat exchange fluid bath, flows into each metal hydride hydrogen storage device to release heat, flows into the buffer tank, and then returns to the heat exchange fluid bath.

[0022] A third aspect of the present invention provides a solution to hydrogen leakage in a mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage tower.

[0023] A solution to hydrogen leakage in a mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage tower, comprising:

[0024] When there is no hydrogen leakage, the mechanical ventilation device is controlled to maintain low-speed operation, and air flows in from the bottom of the tower body and out from the top to maintain the air flow inside the tower body, so that the hydrogen concentration is lower than the explosion limit;

[0025] When hydrogen leaks, the fluid in the heat exchange fluid bath is controlled to switch to a low-temperature fluid and pass into the metal hydride hydrogen storage device that is leaking hydrogen to cool the metal hydride to reduce the hydrogen leakage rate; the speed of the mechanical ventilation device in the tower is controlled to increase so that the air flow rate in the tower body is greater than the blow-off limit of the hydrogen jet, and the leaked hydrogen flows out from the top of the tower body with the air flow and diffuses rapidly to prevent deflagration or explosion.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] (1) The hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen storage tower proposed in the present invention uses metal hydride to store hydrogen, which greatly reduces the hydrogen storage pressure, and uses a heat exchange tube bundle to cool / heat the metal hydride during the hydrogen storage / dehydrogenation process, thereby ensuring the hydrogen storage / dehydrogenation rate of the hydrogen storage device and effectively improving the safety of the hydrogen storage device.

[0028] (2) The hydrogen storage tower proposed in the present invention integrates the hydrogen energy storage system into the three-dimensional space inside the tower and controls the hydrogen concentration in the tower through mechanical ventilation, which effectively reduces the system footprint and improves system safety.

[0029] (3) In the hydrogen energy storage system of the hydrogen storage tower proposed in the present invention, during the hydrogen storage process, the cold fluid in the low-temperature heat exchange fluid bath is passed into the hydrogen storage device to absorb heat, and flows into the heat exchange fluid cooling circuit through the buffer tank, and is pre-cooled by a mechanical ventilation device, thereby effectively reducing the energy consumption of the heat exchange fluid circulation.

[0030] (4) The hydrogen leakage countermeasure of the hydrogen storage tower proposed in the present invention cools the metal hydride by means of a low-temperature heat exchange fluid during the hydrogen leakage process, thereby effectively reducing the hydrogen leakage rate and reducing the energy consumption of the ventilation system.

[0031] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0033] FIG. 1 is a three-view diagram and an overall structural diagram of the mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage tower of the present invention.

[0034] FIG2 is a cross-sectional view of the mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage tower of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the mechanical ventilation hydrogen storage tower of the present invention.

[0036] FIG. 4 is a three-view diagram and an overall structural diagram of the hydrogen storage device in the mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage tower of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the hydrogen storage device in the mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage tower of the present invention.

[0038] in:

[0039] 1-outer shell, 2-heat exchange fluid pipeline, 3-mechanical ventilation device, 4-metal hydride hydrogen storage device frame, 5-heat exchange fluid bath, 6-first buffer tank, 7-second buffer tank, 8-electrolyzer and fuel cell, 9-hydrogen pipeline, 10-third buffer tank, 11-metal hydride hydrogen storage device, 12-second heat exchange fluid ascending pipeline, 13-first heat exchange fluid descending pipeline, 14-heat exchange fluid intermediate outlet, 15-first heat exchange fluid ascending pipeline, 16-second heat exchange fluid descending pipeline, 17-heat exchange fluid total inlet, 18-heat exchange fluid total outlet, 19-hydrogen inlet / outlet, 20-heat exchange fluid inlet header, 21-heat exchange tube bundle, 22-metal hydride solid hydrogen storage material, 23-heat exchange fluid outlet header. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0041] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0042] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, it indicates the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] As shown in Figure 1- Figure 5 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a mechanical ventilation hydrogen storage tower, including a tower body, a mechanical ventilation device 3 and a hydrogen energy storage system;

[0045] The hydrogen energy storage system includes an electrolyzer, a fuel cell, a metal hydride hydrogen storage device and a heat exchange fluid system; wherein the electrolyzer and the fuel cell are indicated by reference numeral 8; the heat exchange fluid system includes a heat exchange fluid pipeline 2 connected to a heat exchange fluid bath and a buffer tank; the electrolyzer electrolyzes water to generate hydrogen which flows into the metal hydride hydrogen storage device 11 via a hydrogen pipeline 9, and the heat exchange fluid system is used to absorb the heat generated by the metal hydride hydrogen storage device 11; the heat exchange fluid system is used to release heat to the metal hydride hydrogen storage device 11 so that the metal hydride releases hydrogen, the heat exchange fluid flows into the buffer tank and returns to the heat exchange fluid bath 5, and the hydrogen released by the metal hydride hydrogen storage device 11 flows into the fuel cell to generate electricity;

[0046] The electrolyzer, fuel cell, heat exchange fluid bath and buffer tank are arranged at the bottom of the tower body; the heat exchange fluid pipeline is arranged at the upper part of the tower body; the mechanical ventilation device is arranged below the heat exchange fluid pipeline; and a multi-layer staggered metal hydride hydrogen storage device is arranged between the mechanical ventilation device and the electrolyzer / fuel cell.

[0047] In this embodiment, the metal hydride hydrogen storage device 11 is fixed on the metal hydride hydrogen storage device frame 4 .

[0048] This embodiment increases the number of metal hydride hydrogen storage devices by arranging the metal hydride hydrogen storage devices in multiple layers, while reducing the footprint of the hydrogen storage tower; and the staggered arrangement of the metal hydride hydrogen storage devices helps to increase the gas flow rate near the hydrogen storage devices.

[0049] In this embodiment, the tower body is vertically arranged, the air inlet is arranged on the side of the bottom end of the tower body, and the air outlet is arranged on the top end of the tower body. The tower body is cylindrical. The tower body also includes an outer shell 1.

[0050] In the specific implementation process, the heat fluid pipeline includes a first heat exchange fluid upward pipeline 15, a first heat exchange fluid downward pipeline 13, a second heat exchange fluid upward pipeline 12 and a second heat exchange fluid downward pipeline 16. The first heat exchange fluid upward pipeline 15 is connected to the metal hydride hydrogen storage device 11, and the first heat exchange fluid downward pipeline 13 is connected to the buffer tank; the second heat exchange fluid upward pipeline 12 is connected to the buffer tank, and the second heat exchange fluid downward pipeline 16 is connected to the heat exchange fluid bath 5. In the heat fluid pipeline, multiple buffer tanks can be set, for example, three, respectively, the first buffer tank 6, the second buffer tank 7 and the third buffer tank 10 in Figure 2 (d).

[0051] The heat exchange fluid total inlet 17 is connected to one end of the first heat exchange fluid ascending pipeline 15, and the other end of the first heat exchange fluid ascending pipeline 15 is connected to the heat exchange fluid intermediate outlet. The heat exchange fluid total outlet 18 and the hydrogen inlet / outlet 19 are arranged at both ends of the outer shell 1. The heat exchange fluid total inlet 17 is connected to the heat exchange fluid inlet manifold 20; the heat exchange fluid total outlet 18 is connected to the heat exchange fluid outlet manifold 12.

[0052] The metal hydride hydrogen storage device of this embodiment is a hydrogen storage reactor with an optimized heat exchange structure, which is filled with metal hydride solid hydrogen storage material 22. The metal hydride solid hydrogen storage material 22 includes but is not limited to one or a combination of LaNi5, Mg, Mg2Ni, FeTi, etc.

[0053] Preferably, a heat exchange tube bundle is used to optimize the heat transfer performance of the metal hydride hydrogen storage device.

[0054] The heat exchange tube bundle 21 and the reactor wall of the metal hydride hydrogen storage device 11 are made of high thermal conductivity metal, such as aluminum, copper, aluminum alloy or copper alloy, which can increase the heat exchange rate between the heat exchange fluid and the metal hydride.

[0055] In some specific embodiments, a hydrogen sensor is disposed outside the metal hydride hydrogen storage device, and the hydrogen sensor is connected to a controller, and the controller is used to control the rotation speed of the mechanical ventilation device according to the hydrogen content monitored by the hydrogen sensor.

[0056] In a specific implementation process, the heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid pipeline is one or a combination of water, heat transfer oil and air.

[0057] The present invention uses metal hydride to store hydrogen, which greatly reduces the hydrogen storage pressure, and uses a heat exchange tube bundle to cool / heat the metal hydride during the hydrogen storage / dehydrogenation process, thereby ensuring the hydrogen storage / dehydrogenation rate of the hydrogen storage device and effectively improving the safety of the hydrogen storage device.

[0058] The hydrogen storage tower proposed in the present invention integrates the hydrogen energy storage system into the three-dimensional space inside the tower, and controls the hydrogen concentration in the tower by means of mechanical ventilation, thereby effectively reducing the system footprint and improving the system safety.

[0059] Compared with the existing mechanically ventilated high-pressure hydrogen storage device, the present invention integrates the hydrogen energy system into the hydrogen storage tower, taking into account the situation of hydrogen leakage at the electrolyzer and the fuel cell; the present invention is designed for the heat exchange fluid circulation of the hydrogen storage device, and uses the gas flow in the tower to pre-cool the heat exchange fluid to reduce energy consumption.

[0060] Embodiment 2

[0061] This embodiment provides an operation method of a mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage tower, comprising:

[0062] During the hydrogen storage process, the electrolyzer electrolyzes water to produce hydrogen, which flows into each metal hydride hydrogen storage device; the low-temperature fluid flows out of the heat exchange fluid bath, flows into each metal hydride hydrogen storage device to absorb heat, then flows into the buffer tank, and is pre-cooled by the air flow in the tower in the heat exchange pipeline on the upper part of the tower body, and then returns to the heat exchange fluid bath;

[0063] During the dehydrogenation process, each hydrogen storage device releases hydrogen into the fuel cell, generating electricity through electrochemical reactions; the high-temperature fluid flows out of the heat exchange fluid bath, flows into each metal hydride hydrogen storage device to release heat, flows into the buffer tank, and then returns to the heat exchange fluid bath.

[0064] Specifically, during the hydrogen storage process, the electrolyzer electrolyzes water to produce hydrogen, which flows into each metal hydride hydrogen storage device through a hydrogen pipeline; the low-temperature fluid flows out of the heat exchange fluid bath, flows into each hydrogen storage device through a first heat exchange fluid ascending pipeline to absorb heat, then flows into the buffer tank through a first heat exchange fluid descending pipeline, and flows into the cooling pipeline through a second heat exchange fluid ascending pipeline. After being pre-cooled by the airflow in the tower, it returns to the heat exchange fluid bath through the second heat exchange fluid descending pipeline.

[0065] During the hydrogen release process, each metal hydride hydrogen storage device releases hydrogen which flows into the fuel cell through the hydrogen pipeline, generating electricity through electrochemical reaction; the high-temperature fluid flows out of the heat exchange fluid bath, flows into each hydrogen storage device through the first heat exchange fluid ascending pipeline to release heat, flows into the buffer tank through the first heat exchange fluid descending pipeline, and then returns to the heat exchange fluid bath.

[0066] Embodiment 3

[0067] This embodiment provides a solution to hydrogen leakage in a mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage tower, including:

[0068] When hydrogen is not leaking, the mechanical ventilation device is controlled to maintain low-speed operation, and air flows in from the bottom end of the tower body and flows out from the top end to maintain air fluidity in the tower body so that the hydrogen concentration is lower than the explosion limit (for example, the explosion limit of hydrogen is 4.0% to 75.6% volume concentration);

[0069] When hydrogen leaks, the fluid in the heat exchange fluid bath is controlled to switch to a low-temperature fluid and pass into the metal hydride hydrogen storage device that is leaking hydrogen to cool the metal hydride to reduce the hydrogen leakage rate; the speed of the mechanical ventilation device in the tower is controlled to increase so that the air flow rate in the tower body is greater than the blow-off limit of the hydrogen jet, and the leaked hydrogen flows out from the top of the tower body with the air flow and diffuses rapidly to prevent deflagration or explosion.

[0070] In a specific embodiment, the rotation speed of the mechanical ventilation device and the switching of the fluid in the fluid bath can be achieved by controlling the controller.

[0071] The blowout limit refers to the minimum combustible mixture velocity at which stable combustion is destroyed. The present invention aims to prevent combustion or explosion by using a mechanical ventilation device and heat exchange fluid cooling to make the gas flow rate at the hydrogen leakage point greater than the blowout limit.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage tower, characterized in that: It includes the tower body, mechanical ventilation device and hydrogen energy storage system; The hydrogen energy storage system comprises an electrolyzer, a fuel cell, a metal hydride hydrogen storage device and a heat exchange fluid system; the heat exchange fluid system comprises a heat exchange fluid pipeline connected to a heat exchange fluid bath and a buffer tank; the electrolyzer electrolyzes water to generate hydrogen which flows into the metal hydride hydrogen storage device, and the heat exchange fluid system is used to absorb the heat generated by the metal hydride hydrogen storage device; the heat exchange fluid system is used to release heat to the metal hydride hydrogen storage device to make the metal hydride release hydrogen, the heat exchange fluid flows into the buffer tank and returns to the heat exchange fluid bath, and the hydrogen released by the metal hydride hydrogen storage device flows into the fuel cell to generate electricity; The electrolyzer, fuel cell, heat exchange fluid bath and buffer tank are arranged at the bottom of the tower body; the heat exchange fluid pipeline is arranged at the upper part of the tower body; the mechanical ventilation device is arranged below the heat exchange fluid pipeline; and a multi-layer staggered metal hydride hydrogen storage device is arranged between the mechanical ventilation device and the electrolyzer / fuel cell.

2. The mechanical ventilation hydrogen storage tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tower body is arranged vertically, the air inlet is arranged on the side of the bottom end of the tower body, and the air outlet is arranged on the top end of the tower body.

3. The mechanical ventilation hydrogen storage tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tower body is cylindrical.

4. The mechanical ventilation hydrogen storage tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat fluid pipeline includes a first heat exchange fluid ascending pipeline, a first heat exchange fluid descending pipeline, a second heat exchange fluid ascending pipeline and a second heat exchange fluid descending pipeline. The first heat exchange fluid ascending pipeline is connected to the metal hydride hydrogen storage device, and the first heat exchange fluid descending pipeline is connected to the buffer tank; the second heat exchange fluid ascending pipeline is connected to the buffer tank, and the second heat exchange fluid descending pipeline is connected to the heat exchange fluid bath.

5. The mechanical ventilation hydrogen storage tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hydrogen sensor is arranged outside the metal hydride hydrogen storage device, and the hydrogen sensor is connected to a controller, and the controller is used to control the rotation speed of the mechanical ventilation device according to the hydrogen content monitored by the hydrogen sensor.

6. The mechanical ventilation hydrogen storage tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metal hydride hydrogen storage device is filled with metal hydride solid hydrogen storage material.

7. The mechanical ventilation hydrogen storage tower according to claim 6, characterized in that: The metal hydride solid hydrogen storage material includes one or a combination of LaNi5, Mg, Mg2Ni, and FeTi.

8. The mechanical ventilation hydrogen storage tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange fluid in the heat exchange fluid pipeline is one or a combination of water, heat transfer oil and air.

9. A method for operating a mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage tower as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: During the hydrogen storage process, the electrolyzer electrolyzes water to produce hydrogen, which flows into each metal hydride hydrogen storage device; The low-temperature fluid flows out of the heat exchange fluid bath, flows into each metal hydride hydrogen storage device to absorb heat, then flows into the buffer tank, and is pre-cooled by the air flow in the tower in the heat exchange pipeline on the upper part of the tower body, and then returns to the heat exchange fluid bath; During the dehydrogenation process, each hydrogen storage device releases hydrogen into the fuel cell, generating electricity through electrochemical reactions; the high-temperature fluid flows out of the heat exchange fluid bath, flows into each metal hydride hydrogen storage device to release heat, flows into the buffer tank, and then returns to the heat exchange fluid bath.

10. A method for solving hydrogen leakage in a mechanically ventilated hydrogen storage tower according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: include: When there is no hydrogen leakage, the mechanical ventilation device is controlled to maintain low-speed operation, and air flows in from the bottom of the tower body and out from the top to maintain the air flow inside the tower body, so that the hydrogen concentration is lower than the explosion limit; When hydrogen leaks, the fluid in the heat exchange fluid bath is controlled to switch to a low-temperature fluid and pass into the metal hydride hydrogen storage device that is leaking hydrogen to cool the metal hydride to reduce the hydrogen leakage rate; the speed of the mechanical ventilation device in the tower is controlled to increase so that the air flow rate in the tower body is greater than the blow-off limit of the hydrogen jet, and the leaked hydrogen flows out from the top of the tower body with the air flow and diffuses rapidly to prevent deflagration or explosion.

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