Portable green phase change energy storage seismic source excitation device system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a portable green phase change energy storage seismic source excitation device system and method, and belongs to the technical field of seismic exploration. The earthquake generating subsystem is arranged in the earthquake source, a phase change energy storage material is stored in the earthquake generating subsystem, and the earthquake generating subsystem has a preset defect; the self-heating subsystem is arranged outside the seismic source and is communicated with the interior of the seismic generating subsystem through a heat transfer device; wherein the self-heating subsystem transmits heat to the interior of the vibration generation subsystem through a heat transmission device, and the phase change energy storage material absorbs the heat to generate phase change, so that the internal pressure of the vibration generation subsystem is gradually increased, and explosion occurs when the rated pressure is reached. The self-heat-generation subsystem transmits heat to the interior of the vibration generation subsystem through the heat transmission device, the phase change energy storage material absorbs the heat to generate phase change, so that the internal pressure of the vibration generation subsystem is gradually increased, and explosion occurs when the rated pressure is reached.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seismic exploration, and in particular to a portable green phase-change energy storage source excitation device system and method. Background Art

[0002] Using artificial seismic sources to stimulate seismic waves is one of the key ways to achieve regional underground structure detection, and has been widely used in oil and gas, coal fields, and engineering geology. As the scope of human activities gradually expands, the excitation conditions become increasingly harsh, and the concept of environmental protection is deeply rooted in people's hearts. Traditional seismic sources such as explosive seismic sources, controllable seismic sources, air gun seismic sources, hammer seismic sources, and spark seismic sources are gradually difficult to synchronously adapt to complex surface geological conditions (mountains, urban areas, swamps, etc.) and environmental protection requirements. At present, new portable green seismic sources are widely studied and developed in many types, such as handheld impact seismic sources (small spark seismic sources), backpack seismic sources, portable drop hammer seismic sources, etc. Although the miniaturization of seismic sources has been achieved to a certain extent, they are also accompanied by weak source excitation energy, shallow detection depth, and many limitations in the scope of application.

[0003] In recent years, gas explosion sources based on supercritical carbon dioxide have the advantages of strong explosive energy and green environmental protection, and have played an important role in urban underground space detection, artificial seismic exploration in high-gas environments in coal mines, and other fields. The explosion process of a carbon dioxide source can be intuitively expressed by the formula: liquid carbon dioxide + heating → gasification expansion ≈ explosion. However, since the carbon dioxide source uses gunpowder as a heating medium during use and is detonated by electric current, the detonation process will produce electric sparks, thus causing safety hazards, and the storage and transportation of supercritical carbon dioxide also have certain safety hazards. In summary, the development of a safe, green, portable, and efficient source is of great significance.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a portable green phase change energy storage source excitation device system and method. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the complex surface geological environment and green exploration needs, the present invention provides a portable green phase change energy storage source excitation device system and method for safe and efficient excitation of field sources, improving exploration efficiency, and solving the problem of potential safety hazards in the existing source excitation process.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A seismic subsystem disposed inside the seismic source, wherein a phase-change energy storage material is stored inside the seismic subsystem, and wherein the seismic subsystem has a preset defect;

[0008] A self-heating subsystem disposed outside the seismic source, the self-heating subsystem being connected to the interior of the seismic subsystem via a heat transfer device;

[0009] The self-heating subsystem transfers heat to the interior of the seismic subsystem through the heat transfer device, and the phase change energy storage material absorbs heat and undergoes a phase change, causing the internal pressure of the seismic subsystem to gradually increase, and an explosion occurs when the rated pressure is reached.

[0010] Furthermore, the seismic subsystem includes:

[0011] An inner cylindrical shell is used to store the phase change energy storage material; the preset defect is located in the middle of the inner cylindrical shell;

[0012] The outer columnar shell is spaced and wrapped around the outer side of the inner columnar shell. The outer columnar shell is provided with an opening for the heat transfer device to enter.

[0013] Furthermore, the inner columnar shell and the outer columnar shell both have a specific strength, and the phase change energy storage material is a solid-gas type or a liquid-gas type.

[0014] Furthermore, the self-heating subsystem includes: a columnar shell, a water environment within the columnar shell, and a self-heating system arranged in the water environment; the self-heating subsystem is based on the chemical changes of the self-heating system in the water environment to increase the water temperature.

[0015] Furthermore, the heat transfer device is a water pipe.

[0016] Furthermore, the explosion energy can be calculated by using the explosion energy formula of compressed gas and water vapor container:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, E is the explosion energy; V is the internal volume of the container; P1 is the internal pressure of the container; P0 is the external pressure of the container; K is the gas adiabatic index, which represents the ratio of the specific heat at constant pressure to the specific heat at constant volume. The values ​​for carbon dioxide and ammonia are 1.295 and 1.300 respectively.

[0019] Furthermore, the explosion time of a specific earthquake source model under different states is obtained by solving the dynamic equation. The dynamic equation is:

[0020]

[0021] Where t is time; α is the percentage of reactant to product conversion; β is the heating rate, β = dT / dt; A is the pre-exponential factor, Ea is the activation energy; f(a) is the reaction mechanism function, in homogeneous reactions, f(α) = (1-α) n The reaction order form is expressed.

[0022] Furthermore, the source radiation pattern is calculated by the displacement field calculation formula generated by the seismic moment tensor. The displacement field calculation formula is:

[0023]

[0024] Where M ij is the seismic moment tensor, with two subscripts i and j (the value range is 1, 2, 3, corresponding to the forces in the x, y, and z directions), which can represent 9 different moment couples. When the subscripts i and j are the same (i.e., M 11 、M 22 、M 33 ), M ij It can be called a vector dipole; u is the displacement produced by the moment tensor source, u k is the total displacement, the subscript k ranges from 1, 2, 3, corresponding to the three components x, y, and z. are the displacements of the near-field term, mid-field P wave, mid-field S wave, far-field P wave, and far-field S wave, respectively; r is the distance between the receiving point and the source point; γ is the direction factor; δ is the Dirac function, and the function value is 1 when the two subscript values ​​are equal, and the function value is 0 in other cases; V P is the longitudinal wave velocity; V S is the shear wave velocity; ρ is the medium density; τ represents a certain moment;

[0025] The radiation pattern expressions obtained under different vector dipole sources are:

[0026]

[0027] In the formula, are all radiation pattern functions, representing the ii Produces near field, mid-field P-wave, mid-field S-wave, far-field P-wave and far-field S-wave.

[0028] A portable green phase-change energy storage source excitation method is applied to a portable green phase-change energy storage source excitation device system, the method comprising:

[0029] S1, device installation

[0030] Drill shallow wells in the survey area, place the seismic subsystem at a suitable depth inside the source, and place the self-heating subsystem on the surface;

[0031] S2, Chemical Self-Heating and Pressurization

[0032] The self-heating material is filled into the water environment and generates heat in the water environment, so that the water temperature rises rapidly to a certain temperature. The water with a certain temperature is introduced into the seismic subsystem through the water pipe to heat the phase change energy storage material. The phase change energy storage material absorbs the heat and changes its phase state, so that the internal pressure of the seismic subsystem gradually increases.

[0033] S3, detonation

[0034] When the internal pressure of the seismic subsystem reaches the maximum pressure that the preset defect can withstand, the seismic subsystem ruptures, thereby generating a seismic signal.

[0035] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0036] 1. In the present invention, the self-heating subsystem transfers heat to the interior of the vibration-generating subsystem through a heat transfer device, and the phase-change energy storage material absorbs heat and undergoes a phase change, causing the internal pressure of the vibration-generating subsystem to gradually increase, and an explosion occurs when the rated pressure is reached.

[0037] 2. The excitation process of the phase change energy storage material in the present invention relies only on physical and chemical changes, does not require electrical excitation, has no pollution discharge, does not involve dangerous environments such as high voltage electricity, and the operation process is safe and efficient. The explosion process is green, safe, and efficient. It belongs to the category of gas explosion sources, has strong energy release, and has a large detection depth. It has great application prospects and scientific research value.

[0038] 3. Different from traditional seismic sources (explosive seismic sources, controllable seismic sources, air gun seismic sources, electric spark seismic sources, drop hammer seismic sources, etc.), the present invention adopts solid-gas or liquid-gas phase change energy storage materials, self-heating materials, high-strength metal or non-metallic shells (aluminum alloys) and other related industrial basic materials, which are low in price, highly safe and environmentally friendly.

[0039] 4. The present invention adopts a simple material combination method to produce a modern exploration source device system that conforms to green development. At the same time, the device is small, easy to carry, has strong environmental adaptability, simple production and manufacturing process, low cost, and strong implementation feasibility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the seismic source device in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0042] Based on the gas explosion source, the present invention uses phase change energy storage materials and chemical self-heating system to propose a portable green phase change energy storage source device system and method for safe and efficient stimulation of field sources to improve exploration efficiency. Figure 1, a portable green phase change energy storage source excitation device system, comprising:

[0043] (1) Seismic subsystem inside the earthquake source

[0044] The seismic subsystem inside the earthquake source is used to store phase-change energy storage materials, and there are preset defects in the seismic subsystem. The seismic subsystem includes: an inner cylindrical shell, which is used to store phase-change energy storage materials; the preset defect is located in the middle of the inner cylindrical shell. The outer cylindrical shell is coated on the outside of the inner cylindrical shell at intervals, and an opening for the heat transfer device to enter is opened on the outer cylindrical shell, which is used for safety protection and continuous insulation of the entire seismic subsystem. The inner cylindrical shell and the outer cylindrical shell are both made of high-strength materials, and the phase-change energy storage material is solid-gas type or liquid-gas type.

[0045] Specifically, the phase change energy storage material is the basic material that causes the explosion. It changes its phase by absorbing external heat, producing a large amount of gas, and gradually forming an internal high-pressure state in the seismic subsystem. There is a certain defect in the middle of the seismic subsystem, and the rupture strength of the defect is relatively low. Therefore, when the internal pressure reaches the maximum pressure that the defect can withstand, the seismic subsystem will instantly rupture at both ends, that is, a pair of force sources F will be generated.

[0046] The embodiment of the present invention takes solid-gas ammonium bicarbonate as the phase change energy storage material inside the earthquake source as an example. The main reason is that the phase change temperature of the material is low (58°C) and the latent heat of the phase change is high (3430J / g). The products after the phase change are carbon dioxide, ammonia and water. The material price is low and meets good safety, green and environmental protection requirements. The explosion energy and explosion time of the earthquake source are the key parameters of the earthquake generation system. Through the calculation principle of the explosion energy of the gas explosion earthquake source and the kinetic equation of the thermal decomposition reaction, the theoretical calculation formulas of the two are obtained, as follows:

[0047] Explosion energy: The phase change energy storage source is actually a gas explosion source. The principle of the explosion process is similar to the principle of compressed gas and water vapor container explosion. Therefore, the explosion energy can be calculated using the compressed gas and water vapor container explosion energy formula, as shown in formula (1).

[0048]

[0049] Where E is the explosion energy; V is the internal volume of the container; P1 is the internal pressure of the container; P0 is the external pressure of the container; K is the gas adiabatic index, which represents the ratio of the specific heat at constant pressure to the specific heat at constant volume. The values ​​for carbon dioxide and ammonia are 1.295 and 1.300 respectively.

[0050] Assuming that the initial temperature of the phase change energy storage source based on ammonium bicarbonate material is 15°C and the initial pressure is one standard atmosphere, the source system is heated and maintained at 90°C by the self-heating subsystem, and assuming that the thermal decomposition conversion efficiency of ammonium bicarbonate is 100%, and the maximum pressure that the defects of the shell material of the seismic system can withstand is equal to the maximum pressure formed by the system, the actual gas state equation (RK gas state equation proposed by Redlich and Kwong) and the gas explosion source energy calculation formula are used to theoretically calculate the source explosion energy and TNT equivalent of different specifications of source models. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0051] Table 1 Comparison of phase change energy storage source attribute characteristics

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] In the calculation process, the phase change of water and the effect of the reaction between water and ammonia were not considered, and the relevant parameters involving carbon dioxide and ammonia were taken as the average of the two (such as the adiabatic index K). The data show that the phase change energy storage source can achieve small-scale, high-energy explosions. Only under the cylindrical source model with a diameter of 5 cm, a height of 10 cm, and an ammonium bicarbonate mass of 237 g, an internal high pressure of nearly 60 MPa can be formed and nearly 30 kJ of explosion energy can be generated. The explosion energy of the source is related to the source specification parameters and the compressive strength of the shell defects of the seismic system. Increasing the source specifications and improving the compressive strength of the shell defects can increase the explosion energy, but blindly increasing the source specifications will greatly reduce the phase change conversion efficiency, resulting in a long earthquake time or difficulty in normal excitation of the source. Factors such as the mass of ammonium bicarbonate and the phase change conversion efficiency will also directly affect the size of the internal pressure formed during the phase change process.

[0055] Explosion time: Explosion time is closely related to the phase change efficiency of phase change energy storage materials. In the earthquake source model proposed in this example, it can be understood as the time required for ammonium bicarbonate to thermally decompose to a certain value. The explosion time of the earthquake source is related to the environment. In the heterogeneous system under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions, the kinetic equations satisfied by the thermal decomposition reaction of ammonium bicarbonate are formulas (2) and (3), respectively. The explosion time of a specific earthquake source model in different states can be obtained by solving the kinetic equations.

[0056]

[0057] Where t is time; α is the percentage of reactant to product conversion; β is the heating rate, β = dT / dt; A is the pre-exponential factor, Ea is the activation energy; f(a) is the reaction mechanism function, and in homogeneous reactions, f(α) = (1-α) is generally used. n The reaction order form is expressed.

[0058] In addition, the source radiation pattern can reflect the situation that the displacement generated by the earthquake at the same time varies with the location of the observation point. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply analyze the radiation pattern of the source. Aki and Richard (2002) proposed a calculation formula for the displacement field generated by the seismic moment tensor, as shown in formula (4). The displacement field includes near-field, intermediate and far-field terms. According to the formula, it can be found that whether it is a near-field term, an intermediate term or a far-field term, its time function is controlled by the directional factor, that is, each term has a specific radiation pattern.

[0059]

[0060] Where M ij is the seismic moment tensor, with two subscripts i and j (the value range is 1, 2, 3, corresponding to the forces in the x, y, and z directions), which can represent 9 different moment couples. When the subscripts i and j are the same (i.e., M 11 、M 22 、M 33 ), M ij It can be called a vector dipole; u is the displacement produced by the moment tensor source, u k is the total displacement, the subscript k ranges from 1, 2, 3, corresponding to the three components x, y, and z. are the displacements of the near-field term, mid-field P wave, mid-field S wave, far-field P wave, and far-field S wave, respectively; r is the distance between the receiving point and the source point; γ is the direction factor; δ is the Dirac function, and the function value is 1 when the two subscript values ​​are equal, and the function value is 0 in other cases; V P is the longitudinal wave velocity; V S is the shear wave velocity; ρ is the medium density; τ represents a certain moment.

[0061] Phase change energy storage sources can have many forms. Taking the columnar phase change energy storage source designed by the present invention as an example, since it can generate a pair of forces of equal magnitude and opposite directions, it can be simplified as a vector dipole source. The radiation pattern expressions under different vector dipole sources can be calculated from formula (4) as shown in formulas (5) to (9).

[0062]

[0063] In the formula, are all radiation pattern functions, representing the ii Produces near field, mid-field P-wave, mid-field S-wave, far-field P-wave and far-field S-wave.

[0064] (2) External self-heating subsystem of earthquake source

[0065] The self-heating subsystem is connected to the interior of the vibration-generating subsystem through a heat transfer device. The heat transfer device is preferably a water pipe. The self-heating subsystem includes: a columnar shell, a water environment inside the columnar shell, and a self-heating system is arranged in the water environment; the self-heating subsystem is based on the chemical changes of the self-heating system in the water environment to increase the water temperature.

[0066] Specifically, the self-heating subsystem is the heat source of the entire system. The main principle is to mix different chemical materials in a water environment, generate a large amount of heat through chemical changes, and transfer the heat to the seismic subsystem inside the source. The self-heating subsystem also has an outer shell, which is mainly used to store and keep the self-heating substances warm.

[0067] It can be understood that in the present invention, the self-heating subsystem transfers heat to the interior of the vibrating subsystem through the heat transfer device, and the phase change energy storage material absorbs heat and undergoes a phase change, causing the internal pressure of the vibrating subsystem to gradually increase, and an explosion occurs when the rated pressure is reached.

[0068] The self-heating subsystem outside the earthquake source is based on the chemical changes of the self-heating system in the water environment, which transfers enough heat to the seismic system inside the earthquake source to ensure that the earthquake source can be effectively excited. Considering the influence of the earthquake source scale and excitation efficiency, the system needs to have the characteristics of fast heating rate and high energy efficiency. There are many self-heating systems, the common ones are calcium oxide heat generation system, nitrite and ammonium salt heat generation system, nitrite and urea heat generation system, hydrogen peroxide heat generation system and polyhydroxy aldehyde heat generation system. In addition, the heating pack composed mainly of calcium oxide, aluminum powder and sodium carbonate has excellent heating performance and is often used for food heating. It can be used as a solution for the construction of self-heating system. The shell of the self-heating system is used to store the self-heating material and keep the entire self-heating subsystem warm. It has excellent heat resistance and insulation.

[0069] The excitation process of the phase change energy storage material in the present invention relies only on physical and chemical changes, does not require electrical excitation, has no pollution discharge, does not involve dangerous environments such as high voltage electricity, and the operation process is safe and efficient. The explosion process is green, safe and efficient. It belongs to the category of gas explosion sources, has strong energy release, and has a large detection depth. It has great application prospects and scientific research value.

[0070] Different from traditional seismic sources (explosive seismic sources, controllable seismic sources, air gun seismic sources, electric spark seismic sources, drop hammer seismic sources, etc.), the present invention adopts solid-gas or liquid-gas phase change energy storage materials, self-heating materials, high-strength metal or non-metallic shells (aluminum alloys) and other related industrial basic materials, which are low in price, highly safe and environmentally friendly.

[0071] The present invention adopts a simple material combination method to produce a modern exploration source device system that conforms to green development. At the same time, the device is small, easy to carry, has strong environmental adaptability, simple production and manufacturing process, low cost, and strong implementation feasibility.

[0072] A portable green phase-change energy storage source excitation method is applied to a portable green phase-change energy storage source excitation device system, and the method comprises:

[0073] S1, device installation

[0074] Shallow wells are drilled in the survey area, the seismic subsystem is placed at a suitable depth inside the earthquake source, and the self-heating subsystem is placed on the surface.

[0075] S2, Chemical Self-Heating and Pressurization

[0076] The self-heating material is filled into the water environment and generates heat in the water environment, so that the water temperature rises rapidly to a high temperature state. The high-temperature water is introduced into the seismic subsystem through a water pipe to heat the phase change energy storage material. The phase change energy storage material absorbs the heat and changes its phase, so that the internal pressure of the seismic subsystem gradually increases.

[0077] S3, detonation

[0078] After the internal pressure of the seismic subsystem is pressurized for a period of time, when the internal pressure of the seismic subsystem reaches the maximum pressure that the preset defect can withstand, the seismic subsystem ruptures, that is, a pair of force sources F are generated, thereby generating a seismic signal.

[0079] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable green phase change energy storage source excitation device system, characterized in that: include: A seismic subsystem disposed inside the seismic source, wherein a phase-change energy storage material is stored inside the seismic subsystem, and wherein the seismic subsystem has a preset defect; A self-heating subsystem disposed outside the seismic source, the self-heating subsystem being connected to the interior of the seismic subsystem via a heat transfer device; The self-heating subsystem transfers heat to the interior of the seismic subsystem through the heat transfer device, and the phase change energy storage material absorbs heat and undergoes a phase change, causing the internal pressure of the seismic subsystem to gradually increase, and an explosion occurs when the rated pressure is reached.

2. The portable green phase change energy storage source excitation device system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The seismic subsystem comprises: An inner cylindrical shell is used to store the phase change energy storage material; the preset defect is located in the middle of the inner cylindrical shell; The outer columnar shell is spaced and wrapped around the outer side of the inner columnar shell. The outer columnar shell is provided with an opening for the heat transfer device to enter.

3. The portable green phase change energy storage source excitation device system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The inner columnar shell and the outer columnar shell both have specific strength, and the phase change energy storage material is a solid-gas type or a liquid-gas type.

4. The portable green phase change energy storage source excitation device system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The self-heating subsystem comprises: a columnar shell, a water environment in the columnar shell, and a self-heating system in the water environment; the self-heating subsystem is based on the chemical changes of the self-heating system in the water environment to increase the water temperature.

5. The portable green phase change energy storage source excitation device system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heat transfer device is a water pipe.

6. The portable green phase change energy storage source excitation device system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The explosion energy can be calculated by using the explosion energy formula of compressed gas and water vapor container: In the formula, E is the explosion energy; V is the internal volume of the container; P1 is the internal pressure of the container; P0 is the external pressure of the container; K is the gas adiabatic index, which represents the ratio of the specific heat at constant pressure to the specific heat at constant volume. The values ​​for carbon dioxide and ammonia are 1.295 and 1.300 respectively.

7. The portable green phase change energy storage source excitation device system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The explosion time of a specific earthquake source model in different states is obtained by solving the dynamic equation. The dynamic equation is: Where t is time; α is the percentage of reactant to product conversion; β is the heating rate, β = dT / dt; A is the pre-exponential factor, Ea is the activation energy; f(a) is the reaction mechanism function, in homogeneous reactions, f(α) = (1-α) n The reaction order form is expressed.

8. The portable green phase change energy storage source excitation device system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The source radiation pattern is obtained by calculating the displacement field calculation formula generated by the seismic moment tensor. The displacement field calculation formula is: Where M ij is the seismic moment tensor, with two subscripts i and j (the value range is 1, 2, 3, corresponding to the forces in the x, y, and z directions), which can represent 9 different moment couples. When the subscripts i and j are the same (i.e., M 11 、M 22 、M 33 ), M ij It can be called a vector dipole; u is the displacement produced by the moment tensor source, u k is the total displacement, the subscript k ranges from 1, 2, 3, corresponding to the three components x, y, and z. are the displacements of the near-field term, mid-field P wave, mid-field S wave, far-field P wave, and far-field S wave, respectively; r is the distance between the receiving point and the source point; γ is the direction factor; δ is the Dirac function, and the function value is 1 when the two subscript values ​​are equal, and the function value is 0 in other cases; V P is the longitudinal wave velocity; V S is the shear wave velocity; ρ is the medium density; τ represents a certain moment; The radiation pattern expressions under different vector dipole sources are calculated as follows: In the formula, are all radiation pattern functions, representing the ii Produces near field, mid-field P-wave, mid-field S-wave, far-field P-wave and far-field S-wave.

9. A portable green phase change energy storage source excitation method, characterized in that: Applied to a portable green phase-change energy storage source excitation device system, the method comprises: S1, device installation Drill shallow wells in the survey area, place the seismic subsystem at a suitable depth inside the source, and place the self-heating subsystem on the surface; S2, Chemical Self-Heating and Pressurization The self-heating material is filled into the water environment and generates heat in the water environment, so that the water temperature rises rapidly to a certain temperature. The water with a certain temperature is introduced into the seismic subsystem through the water pipe to heat the phase change energy storage material. The phase change energy storage material absorbs the heat and changes its phase state, so that the internal pressure of the seismic subsystem gradually increases. S3, detonation When the internal pressure of the seismic subsystem reaches the maximum pressure that the preset defect can withstand, the seismic subsystem ruptures, thereby generating a seismic signal.

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