Testing device and method for cracking and sealing performance of lining structure under high internal pressure condition
By simulating lining cracking and sealing performance under high internal pressure using a compact testing device, the problem of inaccurate simulation in existing technologies is solved, and efficient test results and safety assessment of gas storage caverns are achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- POWERCHINA HUADONG ENG CORP LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies cannot accurately simulate the cracking and sealing performance of the lining structure of the underground air storage cavern of a compressed air energy storage power station under high internal pressure. Traditional methods involve large equipment and long implementation cycles, have poor repeatability, and are difficult to meet the needs of multiple comparative tests.
A compact testing device was used, including a cavern simulation chamber, a rubber bladder, a precast lining device, a high internal pressure loading system, and a data acquisition system. High internal pressure was applied through the rubber bladder to simulate lining cracking, and the stress deformation of the concrete lining layer and the performance of the sealing layer were monitored.
It achieves a realistic simulation of the lining cracking process under high internal pressure, improves the accuracy and reliability of test results, provides a scientific basis for the design and safety of gas storage caverns, simplifies operation, and supports a large number of comparative tests.
Smart Images
Figure CN122016491A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of compressed air energy storage, and in particular to a test apparatus and method for testing the cracking and sealing performance of lining structures under high internal pressure conditions, which is especially applicable to the design and safety assessment of underground air storage caverns in compressed air energy storage power stations. Background Technology
[0002] Compressed air energy storage (CAES) has attracted widespread attention as a large-scale energy storage technology with great development potential. Underground gas storage caverns are a key component of CAES power plants, used to store high-pressure gases. The cavern walls typically consist of a composite structure of a sealing layer, lining, and surrounding rock. The lining layer, situated between the surrounding rock and the sealing layer, must both transmit pressure to the surrounding rock and protect the integrity of the sealing layer, making it crucial for the safe operation of the gas storage facility. However, under high internal pressure, the circumferential stress in the concrete lining can easily exceed its tensile strength, leading to cracking. This affects load transfer and the integrity of the sealing layer, threatening the safe operation of the storage facility.
[0003] Traditional mechanical simulation methods cannot accurately reflect the synergistic process of such composite structures under high internal pressure. Indoor model tests and in-situ tests can reproduce the process to some extent, but in-situ tests are costly and difficult to implement, while currently developed model tests often involve large-scale devices, long test cycles, and poor repeatability. Therefore, in order to conduct multiple sets of comparative tests to investigate lining cracking and its impact on the sealing layer, a highly operable, compact, and lightweight high internal pressure testing device and method are needed. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This disclosure aims to provide a test apparatus and method for assessing the cracking and sealing performance of linings under high internal pressure conditions, so as to more accurately evaluate the stress-deformation characteristics of linings and the impact of cracking on composite structures, especially the sealing layer, and to provide a scientific basis for the design, construction and operation and maintenance of gas storage caverns.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present disclosure adopts the following technical solution: A test apparatus for testing the cracking and sealing performance of lining structures under high internal pressure conditions, comprising: The cavern-like cavity is used to house the rubber bladder and prefabricated lining device; A rubber bladder, installed within the simulated cavity, is used to apply radial internal pressure outward during loading. A prefabricated lining device is installed inside the simulated cavity of the cavern and located outside the rubber bladder. The prefabricated lining device includes a sealing layer and a concrete lining layer. A high internal pressure loading system, connected to the rubber bladder, is used to apply a controllable high internal pressure load to the rubber bladder; The data acquisition and monitoring system is used to monitor the stress deformation, crack development, and sealing performance of the concrete lining layer. The high internal pressure loading system applies high internal pressure to the rubber bladder, causing the concrete lining layer to crack under radial internal pressure, thus simulating the cracking of the lining of a high internal pressure gas storage cavern and its impact on the sealing layer.
[0006] Furthermore, the simulated cavern chamber is a closed pressure chamber with end caps at both ends to form a sealed test space.
[0007] Furthermore, the simulated cavity is equipped with an observation window for visually observing the crack development of the concrete lining layer during the experiment.
[0008] Furthermore, the rubber bladder has a hollow elastomer structure, and its interior is connected to the high internal pressure loading system to uniformly apply radial internal pressure outward during the loading process.
[0009] Furthermore, the rubber bladder is installed in the simulated cavity of the cavern through a through-hole fixing structure to limit the axial displacement of the rubber bladder during the loading process.
[0010] Furthermore, the prefabricated lining device is a ring structure, and the sealing layer is set on the inner side of the concrete lining layer, forming a composite lining structure that works together to bear the load.
[0011] Furthermore, the high internal pressure loading system is a controllable loading system, capable of applying constant pressure load or cyclic pressure load to the rubber bladder.
[0012] Furthermore, the data acquisition and monitoring system includes stress-strain sensors and crack monitoring devices, used to simultaneously acquire information on the mechanical response and crack evolution of the concrete lining layer.
[0013] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a test method for the cracking and sealing performance of lining structures under high internal pressure conditions is further proposed, comprising the following steps: 1) Rubber bladders and prefabricated lining devices are arranged sequentially in the simulated cavity of the cavern, with the prefabricated lining devices located outside the rubber bladders, and the prefabricated lining devices include a sealing layer and a concrete lining layer. 2) Connect the high internal pressure loading system to the rubber bladder, and apply a high internal pressure load to the rubber bladder through the high internal pressure loading system, so that the rubber bladder applies radial internal pressure outward; 3) During the loading process, the stress deformation and crack development of the concrete lining layer and the sealing performance of the sealing layer are monitored in real time; 4) Based on the monitoring results, obtain the cracking process of the concrete lining layer under high internal pressure and its impact on the sealing layer.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, this disclosure has the following beneficial effects: 1. This disclosure can realistically simulate the cracking process of the lining of a high-pressure gas storage cavern and its impact on the sealing layer, thus improving the accuracy and reliability of the test results.
[0015] 2. By monitoring the stress-deformation characteristics, crack development, and sealing performance of the lining specimens, the safety and sealing performance of the gas storage cavern can be comprehensively evaluated, providing a scientific basis for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of the gas storage cavern.
[0016] 3. The device disclosed herein is compact, simple to operate, and easy to use, which is helpful for conducting a large number of comparative experiments. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall composition of the test system in an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the prefabricated lining device disclosed in this publication.
[0019] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the high-pressure test chamber disclosed in this publication.
[0020] In the diagram: 11-Servo oil source system, 12-Servo drive device, 13-High pressure oil pump station group, 14-Servo control panel, 21-Steel cylinder, 211-Observation window, 22a-Upper cover plate, 22b-Lower cover plate, 23-Concrete lining, 24-Rubber bladder, 25-Steel lining, 26-Imitation construction joint, 27a-Bolt, 27b-Through rod, 28a-Sealing plug, 28b-O-ring seal, 29-Oil delivery channel, 51-Monitoring sensor, 52-Monitoring data acquisition device, 31-Valve, 32-Switch, 33-Oil delivery pipe, 41-Outer ring cylinder of precast lining device, 42-Base of precast lining device, 43-Groographed base. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The preferred embodiment of this disclosure will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited to this embodiment.
[0022] like Figures 1-3 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a test device for cracking and sealing performance of lining structure under high internal pressure conditions, including a cavern simulation cavity, a rubber bladder 24, a prefabricated lining device, a high internal pressure loading system, and a data acquisition and monitoring system.
[0023] The simulated cavity is a high-pressure bearing structure, with its main body being a high-pressure resistant steel cylinder 21. The steel cylinder is made of Q345 cold-rolled steel and precision-machined, with an overall cylindrical shape. The outer diameter of the steel cylinder is 200 mm, the height is 240 mm, and the wall thickness is 25 mm. The overall pressure bearing capacity of the cavity is not less than 40 MPa. Upper cover plates 22a and lower cover plates 22b are respectively installed at the upper and lower ends of the steel cylinder 21. Both upper and lower cover plates are connected and fixed to the steel cylinder with high-strength bolts to form a sealed high-pressure test space.
[0024] The steel cylinder sidewall is provided with an observation window 211, and a tempered glass with a thickness of 25 mm is installed at the observation window. The pressure resistance rating of the tempered glass matches the pressure bearing rating of the simulated cavity, and is used to visually observe the expansion of cracks in the concrete lining during the test.
[0025] The rubber bladder 24 is located at the center of the simulated cavity. The rubber bladder has a cylindrical structure with open slotted structures at its upper and lower ends, and the wall thickness is 3 mm. A through rod 27b is axially arranged inside the rubber bladder. The through rod 27b passes through the rubber bladder and is fixedly connected to the upper cover plate 22a and the lower cover plate 22b respectively by bolts 27a, so as to limit the axial displacement of the rubber bladder during loading and ensure its stability during compression.
[0026] The precast lining device is located outside the rubber bladder and consists of two concentric cylindrical structures, including an inner ring cylinder and an outer ring cylinder 41. The inner ring cylinder is a steel lining sealing layer 25, and an annular space is formed between the outer ring cylinder 41 and the steel lining sealing layer 25. Concrete lining 23 is poured into this annular space, thus forming a precast annular lining structure. A detachable base 42 is provided at the bottom of the precast lining device, and the base is engraved with cylinder limiting grooves 43 to ensure the concentricity and dimensional accuracy of the inner and outer cylinders during the pouring process. A simulated construction joint 26 can be set between the steel lining sealing layer and the concrete lining to simulate the construction joint structure in actual engineering.
[0027] The high internal pressure loading system includes a servo oil source system 11, a servo drive device 12, a high-pressure oil pump station 13, a servo control panel 14, and pipeline accessories. The maximum output pressure of the high-pressure oil pump is 40 MPa, and the system flow rate is 10 L / min. The servo control system can switch between constant pressure loading and cyclic pressure loading modes, and provides real-time control and visual display of the loading process. The high internal pressure loading system is connected to the rubber bladder 24 via an oil supply pipe 33, and is used to apply a controllable high internal pressure load to the inside of the rubber bladder.
[0028] The data acquisition and monitoring system includes a monitoring sensor 51 and a monitoring data acquisition device 52. The monitoring sensor includes a stress-strain sensor and a crack observation instrument, which are used to monitor the stress deformation of the concrete lining 23, the crack development, and the sealing performance of the steel lining sealing layer 25 in real time.
[0029] Based on the above-mentioned test apparatus, this embodiment further employs a test method for the cracking and sealing performance of the lining structure under high internal pressure to conduct the following simulation test: 1) According to the test design, the inner and outer cylindrical molds were assembled using a prefabricated lining device. The mold position was fixed by the base limiting groove. A predetermined width of annular space was formed between the steel lining sealing layer and the outer ring cylinder. C50 micro-expansion concrete was poured in the annular space and air bubbles were eliminated by vibration. After 28 days of standard curing, strain gauges were pasted on the concrete lining surface.
[0030] 2) The simulated cavity is vertically fixed on the test bench. The lower cover plate is fixed to the steel cylinder with high-strength bolts. The rubber bladder is placed in the center of the cavity. The rubber bladder is fixed to the upper and lower cover plates with the through rod. The seal is achieved by the sealing plug 28a and the O-ring 28b.
[0031] 3) Install the steel lining sealing layer and the concrete lining in sequence on the outside of the rubber bladder, so that the rubber bladder, the steel lining sealing layer and the concrete lining are set coaxially and the layers are tightly fitted to avoid eccentricity.
[0032] 4) Install the top cover plate and connect it to the through rod. Fix the top cover plate to the steel cylinder with multiple sets of bolts to complete the overall assembly of the test chamber.
[0033] 5) Connect the simulated cavity to the high internal pressure loading system, and connect the monitoring sensors to the data acquisition system. Set the data sampling frequency and check the pipeline sealing.
[0034] 6) Start the servo control system, set the target loading pressure and loading rate through the control panel, and gradually apply high internal pressure load to the rubber bladder to simulate the high-pressure operating conditions of the underground gas storage cavern.
[0035] 7) During loading and pressure stabilization, the stress-strain response of the concrete lining, crack propagation, and sealing performance of the sealing layer are collected in real time, and the development of lining cracks can be observed intuitively through the observation window.
[0036] 8) After the loading and unloading process is completed, the cracking process of the concrete lining under high internal pressure and its impact on the sealing layer are analyzed based on the collected data, so as to evaluate the safety and sealing performance of the gas storage cavern.
[0037] The above-mentioned experimental apparatus and methods can realistically simulate the progressive cracking process of the lining of a high-pressure gas storage cavern and its impact on the sealing layer under laboratory conditions, providing reliable experimental basis for the design, construction and operation safety assessment of underground gas storage caverns in compressed air energy storage power stations.
Claims
1. A test apparatus for testing the cracking and sealing performance of lining structures under high internal pressure conditions, characterized in that, include: The cavern-like cavity is used to house the rubber bladder and prefabricated lining device; A rubber bladder, installed within the simulated cavity, is used to apply radial internal pressure outward during loading. A prefabricated lining device is installed inside the simulated cavity of the cavern and located outside the rubber bladder. The prefabricated lining device includes a sealing layer and a concrete lining layer. A high internal pressure loading system, connected to the rubber bladder, is used to apply a controllable high internal pressure load to the rubber bladder; The data acquisition and monitoring system is used to monitor the stress deformation, crack development, and sealing performance of the concrete lining layer. The high internal pressure loading system applies high internal pressure to the rubber bladder, causing the concrete lining layer to crack under radial internal pressure, thus simulating the cracking of the lining of a high internal pressure gas storage cavern and its impact on the sealing layer.
2. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulated cavern chamber is a closed pressure chamber with end caps at both ends to form a sealed test space.
3. The test apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The simulated cavern chamber is equipped with an observation window for visually observing the crack development of the concrete lining layer during the experiment.
4. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rubber bladder has a hollow elastomer structure, and its interior is connected to the high internal pressure loading system to uniformly apply radial internal pressure outward during the loading process.
5. The test apparatus according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, The rubber bladder is installed in the simulated cavity of the cavern through a through-hole fixing structure to limit the axial displacement of the rubber bladder during the loading process.
6. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The precast lining device is a ring structure, with a sealing layer set inside the concrete lining layer, forming a composite lining structure that works together to bear the load.
7. The experimental apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high internal pressure loading system is a controllable loading system that can apply constant pressure load or cyclic pressure load to the rubber bladder.
8. The test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition and monitoring system includes stress-strain sensors and crack monitoring devices, used to simultaneously acquire information on the mechanical response and crack evolution of the concrete lining layer.
9. A test method for the cracking and sealing performance of a lining structure under high internal pressure conditions, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Rubber bladders and prefabricated lining devices are arranged sequentially in the simulated cavity of the cavern, with the prefabricated lining devices located outside the rubber bladders, and the prefabricated lining devices include a sealing layer and a concrete lining layer. 2) Connect the high internal pressure loading system to the rubber bladder, and apply a high internal pressure load to the rubber bladder through the high internal pressure loading system, so that the rubber bladder applies radial internal pressure outward; 3) During the loading process, the stress deformation and crack development of the concrete lining layer and the sealing performance of the sealing layer are monitored in real time; 4) Based on the monitoring results, obtain the cracking process of the concrete lining layer under high internal pressure and its impact on the sealing layer.