Method, device and equipment for analyzing power market equilibrium considering green electricity and green certificate transaction

Abstract

The application provides a power market equilibrium analysis method, device and equipment considering green electricity and green certificate transaction. The method comprises the following steps: constructing an independent system operator decision model by taking total cost minimization as a first objective function and power balance as a first constraint condition; constructing a power generation enterprise decision model by taking total income maximization as a second objective function and maximum power generation as a second constraint condition; constructing a consumer decision model by taking total power purchase cost minimization as a third objective function and green electricity consumption responsibility weight as a third constraint condition; constructing a market equilibrium condition by taking supply and demand balance of conventional electricity energy, green electricity and green certificate transaction as a constraint; constructing a power market equilibrium model based on the independent system operator decision model, the power generation enterprise decision model, the consumer decision model and the market equilibrium condition; and outputting power generation of various types of electricity and transmission power of each power transmission line by using the power market equilibrium model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electricity market modeling technology, specifically to a method, apparatus, and equipment for electricity market equilibrium analysis that takes into account green electricity and green certificate trading. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous improvement of the electricity market, the number of market participants is increasing, the trading methods are becoming more diverse, and the trading volume is expanding. In order to give full play to the role of electricity market trading in optimizing resource allocation, some analysis and decision-making methods have been developed for the optimization of electricity market trading.

[0003] However, existing electricity market equilibrium analyses generally focus on electricity trading, leading to inaccuracies in electricity market equilibrium analysis. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a method, apparatus and equipment for electricity market equilibrium analysis that takes into account green electricity and green certificate trading.

[0005] One aspect of this invention provides a method for analyzing the equilibrium of the electricity market considering green electricity and green certificate trading, comprising: constructing an independent system operator decision model with minimizing the total cost of electricity in the power system as the first objective function and the power of the balanced electricity as the first constraint; constructing a power generation enterprise decision model with maximizing the total revenue obtained by power generation enterprises participating in the electricity market within the study area as the second objective function and the maximum power generation of the power generation enterprises as the second constraint, wherein the electricity market includes conventional energy trading, green electricity trading, and green certificate trading, and conventional energy trading includes hydropower trading and thermal power trading; constructing a consumer decision model with minimizing the total electricity purchase cost for electricity consumers participating in the electricity market within the study area as the third objective function and the green electricity consumption responsibility weight as the third constraint; constructing market equilibrium conditions with the supply and demand balance of conventional energy trading, green electricity trading, and green certificate trading within the study area as constraints; constructing an electricity market equilibrium model based on the independent system operator decision model, the power generation enterprise decision model, the consumer decision model, and the market equilibrium conditions; and using the electricity market equilibrium model to output the power generation of various types of electricity and the transmission capacity of each transmission line.

[0006] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a power market equilibrium model is constructed based on an independent system operator decision-making model, a power generation enterprise decision-making model, a consumer decision-making model, and market equilibrium conditions. The process includes: determining the first Caro-Kuhn-Tucker condition for the power generation enterprise decision-making model; determining the second Caro-Kuhn-Tucker condition for the consumer decision-making model; determining the mixed complementary condition of the first and second Caro-Kuhn-Tucker conditions; linearizing the mixed complementary condition using a binary expansion method to obtain a linearized model; and merging the independent system operator decision-making model, the linearized model, and the market equilibrium conditions to obtain the power market equilibrium model.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the types of electricity in the power system include: hydropower, thermal power, and green electricity. The total cost includes generation cost and transmission cost. The first constraint includes at least one of the following: total external transmission capacity constraint, total transmission capacity constraint, green electricity transmission capacity constraint, and energy balance constraint. An independent system operator decision model is constructed with minimizing the total cost of electricity in the power system as the first objective function and balancing power as the first constraint. This includes: minimizing the sum of total generation cost and total transmission cost to obtain the first objective function, where the total generation cost is the sum of the generation costs of hydropower, thermal power, and green electricity, and the total transmission cost is the sum of the transmission costs of the transmission lines for hydropower, thermal power, and green electricity. A constraint is defined as the total external transmission capacity constraint, where the total generation capacity is greater than or equal to the total external transmission capacity. The total power transmission capacity is the sum of the power generation of hydropower, thermal power, and green power within the study area, and the total external transmission capacity is the sum of the external transmission capacity of hydropower, thermal power, and green power within the study area; and / or the total transmission capacity of each transmission line within the study area is less than or equal to the predetermined transmission capacity of the transmission line as a total transmission capacity constraint condition, wherein the total transmission capacity is the sum of the transmission capacity of hydropower, thermal power, and green power; and / or the green power transmission capacity of each transmission line within the study area is less than or equal to the predetermined green power transmission capacity as a green power transmission capacity constraint condition; and / or the sum of the energy of each transmission line within the study area for hydropower, thermal power, and green power is equal to zero as an energy balance constraint condition, wherein the energy is the product of the connection matrix and the transmission capacity of each of the hydropower, thermal power, and green power, and the connection matrix is ​​the matrix of the connection nodes between the transmission lines and the two ends of the transmission lines within the study area.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electricity market equilibrium analysis method considering green electricity and green certificate trading further includes: determining the annual maximum transmission capacity of each transmission line in the study area as the predetermined transmission volume; and determining the product of the maximum green electricity transmission ratio in the transmission line and the total transmission volume of the transmission line as the predetermined green electricity transmission volume.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a decision-making model for power generation enterprises is constructed with the second objective function being to maximize the total revenue obtained by power generation enterprises in the study area from participating in the electricity market, and the second constraint being the maximum power generation of power generation enterprises. The model includes: determining the sum of the revenue obtained by power generation enterprises in the study area from selling electricity in conventional electricity trading, green electricity trading, and green certificate trading, and the revenue obtained from green certificate trading, as the second objective function; and determining the second constraint as the power generation of power generation enterprises in the study area being less than or equal to the predetermined power generation of each type of electricity.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the third constraint includes an electricity demand constraint and a renewable energy quota system demand constraint. A consumer decision-making model is constructed with the third objective function being minimizing the total electricity purchase cost for electricity consumers participating in the electricity market within the study area, and the third constraint being the green electricity consumption responsibility weight. This includes: minimizing the sum of total assets purchased by electricity consumers within the study area when participating in the electricity market, including green electricity, hydropower, thermal power, and green certificates, to obtain the third objective function; determining that the purchase volume of green electricity, hydropower, and thermal power by electricity consumers within the study area when participating in the electricity market equals the predetermined electricity demand as an electricity demand constraint; and determining that the purchase volume of non-hydropower green electricity by electricity consumers within the study area when participating in the electricity market is greater than or equal to the preset non-hydropower green electricity quota demand and / or the purchase volume of hydropower is greater than or equal to the preset hydropower quota demand as a renewable energy quota system demand constraint.

[0011] According to embodiments of the present invention, market equilibrium conditions include conventional energy equilibrium conditions, green energy equilibrium conditions, and green certificate equilibrium conditions. Market equilibrium conditions are constructed using the supply and demand balance of conventional energy trading, green energy trading, and green certificate trading within the study area as constraints. These conditions include: defining the supply of hydropower and thermal power trading within the study area as equal to the demand as the conventional energy equilibrium condition; defining the supply of green energy trading within the study area as equal to the demand as the green energy equilibrium condition; and defining the supply of green certificate trading within the study area as equal to the demand as the green certificate equilibrium condition.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, using an electricity market equilibrium model, outputting the generation of various types of electricity and the transmission volume of each transmission line includes: obtaining the unit generation cost of various types of electricity in the power system; obtaining the annual maximum transmission capacity of each transmission line in the study area; obtaining the matrix of transmission lines and the connection nodes at both ends of the transmission lines in the study area; obtaining the annual maximum utilization hours and installed capacity of various types of electricity; inputting the unit generation cost of various types of electricity, the annual maximum transmission capacity of each transmission line, the matrix, and the annual maximum utilization hours and installed capacity of various types of electricity into the electricity market equilibrium model, and outputting the generation of various types of electricity and the transmission volume of each transmission line.

[0013] Another aspect of the present invention provides a power market equilibrium analysis device considering green electricity and green certificate trading, comprising: a first construction module for constructing an independent system operator decision model with minimizing the total cost of electricity in the power system as the first objective function and the power of the balanced electricity as the first constraint; a second construction module for constructing a power generation enterprise decision model with maximizing the total revenue obtained by power generation enterprises participating in the power market within the study area as the second objective function and the maximum power generation of the power generation enterprises as the second constraint, wherein the power market includes conventional energy trading, green electricity trading, and green certificate trading, and conventional energy trading includes hydropower trading and thermal power trading; a third... The system comprises five modules: a third objective module for constructing a consumer decision-making model, with the third objective function being minimizing the total electricity purchase cost for electricity consumers participating in the electricity market within the study area, and the third constraint being the green electricity consumption responsibility weight; a fourth objective module for constructing market equilibrium conditions, with the supply and demand balance of conventional electricity trading, green electricity trading, and green certificate trading within the study area as constraints; a fifth objective module for constructing an electricity market equilibrium model based on the independent system operator decision-making model, the power generation enterprise decision-making model, the consumer decision-making model, and the market equilibrium conditions; and an analysis module for using the electricity market equilibrium model to output the generation of various types of electricity and the transmission volume of each transmission line.

[0014] Another aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device comprising: one or more processors; and a memory for storing one or more programs, wherein, when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to implement the above-described electricity market equilibrium analysis method considering green electricity and green certificate trading.

[0015] According to embodiments of the present invention, an electricity market equilibrium model is constructed by building independent system operator decision-making models, power generation enterprise decision-making models, consumer decision-making models, and market equilibrium conditions. This enables the construction of an electricity market equilibrium model for a specific research region, facilitating high-precision equilibrium analysis of cross-regional electricity markets. Based on this equilibrium analysis, the trading characteristics of green electricity and green certificate markets can be analyzed, incorporating green electricity and green certificate trading into the electricity market. This facilitates market equilibrium analysis for multiple regions with different geographical characteristics, thus improving the electricity market equilibrium analysis system. Furthermore, the electricity data analysis method provided by this invention has high scalability, allowing the inclusion of other markets such as the carbon market on top of existing models, enabling richer market equilibrium analysis and strategy simulation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0017] Figure 1A flowchart is shown for a power market equilibrium analysis method considering green electricity and green certificate trading according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electricity market equilibrium model according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 The following are statistical charts showing green electricity transmission under different scenarios according to embodiments of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 The following are statistical charts showing green electricity generation under different scenarios according to embodiments of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 A block diagram of a power market equilibrium analysis apparatus considering green electricity and green certificate trading according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; and

[0022] Figure 6 A block diagram of an electronic device suitable for implementing a power market equilibrium analysis method that takes into account green electricity and green certificate trading, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0023] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention for ease of explanation. However, it will be apparent that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Furthermore, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted in the following description to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concept of the invention.

[0024] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. The terms “comprising,” “including,” etc., as used herein indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.

[0025] All terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein are to be interpreted in a manner consistent with the context of this specification, and not in an idealized or overly rigid way.

[0026] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B and C", they should generally be interpreted in accordance with the meaning that is commonly understood by those skilled in the art (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B and C" should include, but is not limited to, a system having A alone, a system having B alone, a system having C alone, a system having A and B, a system having A and C, a system having B and C, and / or a system having A, B and C, etc.).

[0027] In realizing this invention, the inventors discovered that, under the requirements of renewable energy consumption weighting, the green certificate and green electricity markets are gradually being built and improved. Besides electricity trading, the green electricity and green certificate markets can also meet green electricity consumption needs or generate revenue, internalizing environmental value and providing diversified choices for market participants. The inter-regional transmission and trading of green certificates and green electricity are important means to promote green electricity consumption.

[0028] The electricity market exhibits an inverse distribution of green electricity resources and load, with significant regional mismatches in load and green electricity resources. Inter-regional transmission networks, represented by ultra-high voltage (UHV) and extra-high voltage (EHV) lines, are an effective means to address these regional mismatches. Therefore, providing market equilibrium analysis methods involving green certificates and green electricity trading has become an important means of coordinating various trading mechanisms with inter-regional market transmission capacity to optimize resource allocation on a larger scale.

[0029] Green certificates and green electricity trading have different trading characteristics. Green electricity trading features "certificate and electricity integration," meaning that the transaction simultaneously delivers both the green electricity volume and the usage certificate, trading both the electrical energy attribute and the environmental value attribute of the green electricity. Green certificate trading, on the other hand, adopts a "certificate and electricity separation" approach. The trading object is only the green electricity certificate, completing the transaction of only the environmental value attribute without actual electricity delivery. In practical terms, green electricity trading directly reduces coal-fired power consumption and carbon emissions; however, its trading is subject to many physical limitations such as transmission line construction and dispatch decisions. Green certificate trading, on the other hand, indirectly proves the consumer's green electricity consumption attribute, internalizing the environmental value of green electricity generation projects. Because it does not involve actual electricity delivery, its trading is flexible and easy to operate.

[0030] Incorporating these characteristics into the equilibrium model of inter-regional electricity markets is a significant and challenging task.

[0031] Based on this, embodiments of the present invention provide a method, apparatus, and equipment for analyzing the equilibrium of the electricity market considering green electricity and green certificate trading. The method includes: constructing an independent system operator decision model with minimizing the total cost of electricity in the power system as the first objective function and the power of the balanced electricity as the first constraint; constructing a power generation enterprise decision model with maximizing the total revenue obtained by power generation enterprises participating in the electricity market within the study area as the second objective function and the maximum power generation of the power generation enterprises as the second constraint, wherein the electricity market includes conventional energy trading, green electricity trading, and green certificate trading, and conventional energy trading includes hydropower trading and thermal power trading; constructing a consumer decision model with minimizing the total electricity purchase cost for electricity consumers participating in the electricity market within the study area as the third objective function and the green electricity consumption responsibility weight as the third constraint; constructing market equilibrium conditions with the supply and demand balance of conventional energy trading, green electricity trading, and green certificate trading within the study area as constraints; constructing an electricity market equilibrium model based on the independent system operator decision model, the power generation enterprise decision model, the consumer decision model, and the market equilibrium conditions; and using the electricity market equilibrium model to output the power generation of various types of electricity and the transmission capacity of each transmission line.

[0032] The following will be through Figures 1-4 The method of the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

[0033] Figure 1 A flowchart illustrating a power market equilibrium analysis method considering green electricity and green certificate trading according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the electricity market equilibrium analysis method 100, which considers green electricity and green certificate trading, includes operations S110 to S160.

[0035] In operation S110, an independent system operator decision model is constructed with minimizing the total cost of electricity in the power system as the first objective function and balancing the power as the first constraint.

[0036] In operation S120, the second objective function is to maximize the total revenue obtained by power generation enterprises in the study area from participating in the electricity market, and the second constraint is the maximum power generation of power generation enterprises. A decision-making model for power generation enterprises is then constructed.

[0037] In operation S130, a consumer decision-making model is constructed with the third objective function being to minimize the total electricity purchase cost for electricity consumers participating in the electricity market within the study area, and the third constraint being the green electricity consumption responsibility weight.

[0038] In operating S140, market equilibrium conditions are constructed by constraining the supply and demand balance of conventional electricity trading, green electricity trading, and green certificate trading within the research area.

[0039] In operating S150, an electricity market equilibrium model is constructed based on the independent system operator decision model, the power generation enterprise decision model, the consumer decision model, and market equilibrium conditions.

[0040] In operation S160, the electricity market equilibrium model is used to output the generation of various types of electricity and the transmission capacity of each transmission line.

[0041] According to embodiments of the present invention, the electricity market may include conventional electricity trading, green electricity trading, and green certificate trading. Conventional electricity trading may include hydropower trading and thermal power trading.

[0042] According to embodiments of the present invention, the Independent System Operator (ISO) decision model can be used to minimize the total cost of electricity. The ISO decision model can be tailored to operators performing power dispatching operations, such as State Grid and China Southern Power Grid.

[0043] According to embodiments of the present invention, the total cost of electricity may include at least one of the following: the cost of electricity generation, the cost of electricity transmission, etc. The cost of electricity generation can be determined by multiplying the unit cost of electricity generation by the amount of electricity generated. The cost of electricity transmission can be determined by the transmission capacity and the unit transmission cost.

[0044] According to embodiments of the present invention, balancing the power of electricity can be used to stabilize electricity. For example, at least one of the following can be constrained: the output and transmission of electricity, the upper limit of the transmission of electricity, the transmission of green electricity, and the energy balance of electricity to achieve power balancing.

[0045] According to embodiments of the present invention, the study area can be one or more provinces. Power generation companies can represent manufacturers, owning numerous power plants located in different regions and bidding for grid connection in a market with nodal marginal prices. Power generation companies can maximize their total profits by adjusting capacity. Power generation companies owning green electricity plants can choose to sell green electricity in the green electricity market or sell green electricity in the traditional electricity market while simultaneously selling green certificates in the green certificate market. In the power structure, coal-fired power, gas-fired power, hydropower, photovoltaic power, wind power, and nuclear power account for 97.7% of total power generation; therefore, power generation companies can include six types of power generation companies: coal-fired power, gas-fired power, hydropower, photovoltaic power, wind power, and nuclear power.

[0046] According to embodiments of the present invention, to improve the realism of the model, different regions are divided based on critical path transmission nodes. Electricity consumers in different regions include the power grid and end users. A quota system is used to assign minimum consumption weights for green electricity and hydropower to each region with different geographical characteristics. Electricity consumers minimize their total electricity purchase cost by determining their demand for green certificates, hydropower, green electricity, and conventional electricity.

[0047] Figure 2A schematic diagram of the structure of an electricity market equilibrium model according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, the electricity market equilibrium model can be obtained by establishing the interrelationships and mutual constraints between the independent system operator decision model M1, the power generation enterprise decision model M2, the consumer decision model M3, and the market equilibrium conditions.

[0049] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electricity market equilibrium model is used to achieve electricity supply and demand balance by simulating the electricity market mechanism.

[0050] According to embodiments of the present invention, an electricity market equilibrium model is constructed by building independent system operator decision-making models, power generation enterprise decision-making models, consumer decision-making models, and market equilibrium conditions. This enables the construction of an electricity market equilibrium model for a specific research region, facilitating high-precision equilibrium analysis of cross-regional electricity markets. Based on this equilibrium analysis, the trading characteristics of green electricity and green certificate markets can be analyzed, incorporating green electricity and green certificate trading into the electricity market. This facilitates market equilibrium analysis for multiple regions with different geographical characteristics, thus improving the electricity market equilibrium analysis system. Furthermore, the electricity data analysis method provided by this invention has high scalability, allowing the inclusion of other markets such as the carbon market on top of existing models, enabling richer market equilibrium analysis and strategy simulation.

[0051] According to embodiments of the present invention, the present invention incorporates green electricity and green certificate trading into the traditional market equilibrium model, accurately and comprehensively depicting the market equilibrium characteristics under the participation of green certificate and green electricity trading, and better supporting the construction of the power market as the penetration rate of new energy continues to increase in the future.

[0052] According to embodiments of the present invention, the types of electricity in the power system may include: hydropower, thermal power, and green electricity. The total cost may include generation cost and transmission cost. The first constraint may include at least one of the following: total external transmission capacity constraint, total transmitted power capacity constraint, green electricity transmission capacity constraint, and energy balance constraint.

[0053] Regarding the above Figure 1Operation S110, as shown, uses minimizing the total cost of electricity in the power system as the first objective function and balancing power output as the first constraint to construct an independent system operator decision model. This can include the following operations: minimizing the sum of total generation cost and total transmission cost to obtain the first objective function, where the total generation cost is the sum of the generation costs of hydropower, thermal power, and green power, and the total transmission cost is the sum of the transmission costs of the transmission lines for hydropower, thermal power, and green power; and setting the constraint that the total power generation is greater than or equal to the total external transmission volume, where the total power generation is the sum of the generation costs of hydropower, thermal power, and green power within the study area, and the total external transmission volume is the sum of the external transmission costs of hydropower, thermal power, and green power within the study area. The total transmission capacity is defined as the sum of the transmission capacity; and / or the total transmission capacity of each transmission line in the study area is less than or equal to the predetermined transmission capacity of the transmission line as the total transmission capacity constraint condition, wherein the total transmission capacity is the sum of the transmission capacities of hydropower, thermal power and green power respectively; and / or the green power transmission capacity of each transmission line in the study area is less than or equal to the predetermined green power transmission capacity as the green power transmission capacity constraint condition; and / or the sum of the energy of each transmission line in the study area for hydropower, thermal power and green power is equal to zero as the energy balance constraint condition, wherein the energy is the product of the connection matrix and the transmission capacities of each of the hydropower, thermal power and green power respectively, and the connection matrix is ​​the matrix of the connection nodes between the transmission lines and the two ends of the transmission lines in the study area.

[0054] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the generation costs of hydropower, thermal power, and green electricity can be determined by the product of the unit generation cost of each hydropower plant, thermal power plant, and green power plant and the generation volume of each participating in the electricity market.

[0055] For example, the first objective function is shown in equation (1a):

[0056] (1a)

[0057] in, These refer to the unit power generation cost of green power plants, hydropower plants, and thermal power plants, respectively. These refer to the electricity generation from green power plants, hydropower plants, and thermal power plants participating in the electricity market, respectively. This refers to the amount of electricity generated by green power plants participating in the green certificate market; These refer to the amount of electricity transmitted by green energy, hydropower, and thermal power on each transmission line, respectively. This refers to the transmission costs of each power transmission line. Since green energy plants can apply for a corresponding number of green certificates by participating in the conventional electricity trading market, therefore... It can represent either the number of green certificates sold or the amount of electricity generated by green power plants participating in the green certificate market.

[0058] This invention takes into account that electricity is not storable. The amount of electricity transmitted outward cannot exceed the total power generation of each region with different geographical characteristics. Simultaneously, the load on different types of electricity must be non-negative. Therefore, the constraint condition for total power transmission is defined as the total power generation being greater than or equal to the total power transmitted outward.

[0059] For example, the total external power transmission constraint can be shown in equations (1b)-(1d) below. By setting the upper limit value of power transmission to other nodes, the total external power transmission is limited.

[0060] (1b)

[0061] (1c)

[0062] (1d)

[0063] in, The total amount of green electricity sold by node n; N is the set of nodes at both ends of all transmission lines within the study area; This represents the connection matrix between transmission line l and each node n.

[0064] According to embodiments of the present invention, the electricity market equilibrium analysis method considering green electricity and green certificate trading may include, in addition to, the following: Figure 1 In addition to the operations S110 to S160 shown, the following operations may also be included: determining the maximum annual transmission capacity of each transmission line within the study area as the predetermined transmission volume; and determining the predetermined green electricity transmission volume as the product of the maximum green electricity transmission ratio in the transmission line and the total transmission volume of the transmission line.

[0065] In the DC model, each transmission line is subject to its power constraint. The total transmitted power constraint can be expressed as shown in equation (1e), which uses the line power to constrain the power transmission flow and specifies the upper limit of the annual total power transmission of transmission line l.

[0066] (1e)

[0067] in, The maximum annual transmission capacity of transmission line l is given by L; L is the set of all transmission lines within the study area.

[0068] Considering the intermittent nature of green electricity, it is necessary to bundle green electricity and stable power sources for transmission in actual power lines. Based on this, the present invention introduces... This represents the maximum bundled transmission ratio of green electricity, that is, the maximum transmission ratio of green electricity in the transmission line. The constraint condition for the amount of green electricity transmitted can be shown in the following equation (1f):

[0069] (1f)

[0070] The energy balance constraint can be expressed by the following equations (1g)-(1i) to ensure the lossless balance of the inter-regional power transmission network.

[0071] (1g)

[0072] (1h)

[0073] (1i)

[0074] According to an embodiment of the present invention, by constructing an independent system operator decision model, it is possible to take into account the power generation decisions of different enterprises and minimize the total cost of the power transmission system.

[0075] According to embodiments of the present invention, regarding the above... Figure 1 Operation S120, as shown, uses maximizing the total revenue obtained by power generation companies within the study area from participating in the electricity market as the second objective function, and the maximum power generation of power generation companies as the second constraint, to construct a decision-making model for power generation companies. This model may include the following operations: determining the sum of the revenue obtained by power generation companies within the study area from selling electricity in conventional energy trading, green electricity trading, and green certificate trading, and the revenue obtained from green certificate trading, as the second objective function; and determining that the power generation of power generation companies within the study area in each type of electricity is less than or equal to the predetermined power generation capacity for each type of electricity, as the second constraint.

[0076] According to an embodiment of the present invention, power generation companies maximize their revenue by deciding on the amount of electricity they generate in different markets. The following problem is solved to obtain... The value of the variable.

[0077] The second objective function can be represented by equation (2a) below, where total revenue includes revenue from electricity sales in different markets and revenue from green certificate exchanges.

[0078] (2a)

[0079] in, These represent the nodal marginal prices in the green electricity market, the nodal marginal prices in the conventional electricity trading market, and the green certificate prices in the green certificate market, all of which are Lagrange multipliers. The nodal marginal prices and green certificate prices can be considered the market equilibrium prices for their respective markets.

[0080] The second constraint can be shown in equations (2b)-(2d), which limits the output level of each power plant by the maximum power generation. For green power plants, output includes the amount of electricity used to participate in the green electricity market. Electricity volume participating in traditional markets and green certificate markets .

[0081] (2b)

[0082] (2c)

[0083] (2d)

[0084] in, These represent the maximum annual utilization hours for each type of power plant; These represent the installed capacity of each type of power plant. This constraint limits the annual power generation capacity of each power plant.

[0085] According to an embodiment of the present invention, by constructing a decision-making model for power generation enterprises, it is possible to maximize the revenue of power generation enterprises by deciding on the amount of power they generate in different markets.

[0086] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the third constraint may include an electricity demand constraint and a renewable energy quota system demand constraint.

[0087] In response to the above Figure 1 Operation S130, with the third objective function being minimizing the total electricity purchase cost for electricity consumers participating in the electricity market within the study area, and the third constraint being the green electricity consumption responsibility weight, constructs a consumer decision-making model. This model may include the operation of minimizing the sum of total assets purchased by electricity consumers within the study area when participating in the electricity market, including green electricity, hydropower, thermal power, and green certificates, thus obtaining the third objective function. The electricity demand constraint is defined as the purchase volume of green electricity, hydropower, and thermal power by electricity consumers within the study area equaling the predetermined electricity demand. The renewable energy quota system demand constraint is defined as the purchase volume of non-hydropower green electricity by electricity consumers within the study area being greater than or equal to the predetermined non-hydropower green electricity quota demand and / or the purchase volume of hydropower being greater than or equal to the predetermined hydropower quota demand.

[0088] Consumers at different points in the supply chain will make decisions among green certificates, hydropower, green electricity, and conventional electricity to minimize their electricity purchase costs. Anticipating quota restrictions, solve the following problem to make these decisions. The value of the variable.

[0089] For example, the third objective function can be shown in equation (3a) below, which minimizes the total cost of purchasing electricity, including three types of electricity and green certificates.

[0090] (3a)

[0091] in, These represent the amounts of green electricity, hydropower, thermal power, and green certificates purchased by electricity consumers at node n when participating in the electricity market.

[0092] The electricity demand constraint can be represented by the following equation (3b), which states that the sum of different types of electricity demand should equal the total electricity demand at different nodes.

[0093] (3b)

[0094] in, β represents the total electricity demand of electricity consumers at node n, i.e., the predetermined electricity demand; n These are Lagrange multipliers, which have no practical meaning in this invention. This constraint ensures that the total electricity demand of the electricity consumers at each node is met.

[0095] The demand constraints of the renewable energy quota system can be shown in equations (3c) and (3d). Equation (3c) restricts the demand for green electricity in regions with different geographical characteristics under the quota system target, and equation (3d) restricts the demand for hydropower in regions with different geographical characteristics under the quota system target. There are two options to meet the quota system requirements: purchase green certificates or purchase green electricity directly on the market.

[0096] (3c)

[0097] (3d)

[0098] in, Let P and P represent the responsibility weights for the absorption of hydropower and non-hydropower green energy in regions p with different geographical characteristics, respectively; P is the set of all regions with different geographical characteristics within the study area. and These are all Lagrange multipliers and have no practical meaning in this invention. This constraint ensures that the stipulated renewable energy quota requirements are met.

[0099] According to an embodiment of the present invention, by constructing a consumer decision-making model, it is possible to minimize the cost of electricity purchase by electricity consumers at different nodes when they make decisions among green certificates, hydropower, green electricity and thermal power, taking into account quota restrictions.

[0100] According to embodiments of the present invention, market equilibrium conditions include conventional electricity equilibrium conditions, green electricity equilibrium conditions, and green certificate equilibrium conditions.

[0101] In response to the above Figure 1 Operation S140, using the supply and demand balance of conventional electricity trading, green electricity trading, and green certificate trading within the study area as constraints, constructs market equilibrium conditions. This may include operations such as: defining the supply of hydropower and thermal power trading within the study area as the conventional electricity equilibrium condition; defining the supply of green electricity trading within the study area as the green electricity equilibrium condition; and defining the supply of green certificate trading within the study area as the green certificate equilibrium condition.

[0102] In addition to participant decisions, market equilibrium conditions in various markets are necessary for matching supply and demand. The equilibrium conditions for green electricity, conventional electricity, and green certificates can be expressed by equations (4a)-(4c) respectively.

[0103] (4a)

[0104] (4b)

[0105] (4c)

[0106] Among them, eb n，p This represents the amount of green certificates purchased by electricity consumers at node n in regions p with different geographic identifiers when participating in the electricity market; es n，p This represents the amount of electricity consumed by node n in regions with different geographical characteristics, participating in the conventional electricity market and the green certificate market. These represent the electricity volume traded by node n in the market for thermal power and hydropower, respectively.

[0107] According to embodiments of the present invention, since market equilibrium conditions in various markets are necessary for matching supply and demand in addition to participant decisions, it is beneficial to accurately construct electricity market equilibrium models through market equilibrium conditions.

[0108] According to embodiments of the present invention, regarding the above... Figure 1 Operation S150, based on the independent system operator decision-making model, the power generation enterprise decision-making model, the consumer decision-making model, and market equilibrium conditions, constructs a power market equilibrium model. This may include the following operations: determining the first Caro-Kuhn-Tucker condition for the power generation enterprise decision-making model; determining the second Caro-Kuhn-Tucker condition for the consumer decision-making model; determining the mixed complementary condition of the first and second Caro-Kuhn-Tucker conditions; linearizing the mixed complementary condition using a binary expansion method to obtain a linearized model; and merging the independent system operator decision-making model, the linearized model, and the market equilibrium conditions to obtain the power market equilibrium model.

[0109] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the decision-making models of independent system operators, power generation companies, consumers, and market equilibrium conditions can be solved simultaneously, and the decision-making models of each power generation company and electricity consumer can be transformed into their Caro-Kuhn-Tucker conditions (KKT conditions).

[0110] For example, the first Caro-Kuhn-Tucker condition, i.e. the KKT condition for power generation companies, is shown in equations (A.1)-(A.7):

[0111] (A.1)

[0112] (A.2)

[0113] (A.3)

[0114] (A.4)

[0115] (A.5)

[0116] (A.6)

[0117] (A.7)

[0118] The second Caro-Kuhn-Tucker condition, also known as the KKT condition for electricity consumers, is shown in equations (A.8)-(A.14):

[0119] (A.8)

[0120] (A.9)

[0121] (A.10)

[0122] (A.11)

[0123] (A.12)

[0124] (A.13)

[0125] (A.14)

[0126] The first Caro-Kun-Tucker condition and the second Caro-Kun-Tucker condition can be combined to obtain the mixed complementary condition.

[0127] To transform the model into a solvable mixed linear integer programming problem, this invention introduces a binary variable with a value of 1 or 0. The mixed complementarity problem in the KKT conditions is expanded into two variables to achieve linearization of the nonlinear constraints. The linearized linearized model is shown in equations (A.18)-(A.29), where M represents a sufficiently large constant.

[0128] (A.18)

[0129] (A.19)

[0130] (A.20)

[0131] (A.21)

[0132] (A.22)

[0133] (A.23)

[0134] (A.24)

[0135] (A.25)

[0136] (A.26)

[0137] (A.27)

[0138] (A.28)

[0139] (A.29)

[0140] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electricity market equilibrium model is ultimately transformed into a mixed linear integer programming problem, which can be solved using the gurobi solver.

[0141] According to embodiments of the present invention, regarding the above... Figure 1 Operation S160, utilizing the electricity market equilibrium model, outputs the generation of various types of electricity and the transmission volume of each transmission line. This can include operations such as: obtaining the unit generation cost of various types of electricity in the power system; obtaining the annual maximum transmission capacity of each transmission line within the study area; obtaining the matrix of transmission lines and their connecting nodes within the study area; obtaining the annual maximum utilization hours and installed capacity of various types of electricity; and inputting the unit generation cost of various types of electricity, the annual maximum transmission capacity of each transmission line, the matrix, and the annual maximum utilization hours and installed capacity of each type of electricity into the electricity market equilibrium model, outputting the generation of various types of electricity and the transmission volume of each transmission line.

[0142] According to embodiments of the present invention, the unit generation cost of various types of electricity, the annual maximum transmission capacity of each transmission line, the matrix, and the annual maximum utilization hours and installed capacity of various types of electricity can all be obtained from a database that stores data on various power plants and inter-regional transmission lines within the study area.

[0143] Figure 3The following are statistical charts showing green electricity transmission under different scenarios according to embodiments of the present invention; Figure 4 The figures show statistical charts of green electricity generation under different scenarios according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0144] For example, 29 regions with different geographical characteristics can be selected as representatives. Data on various power plants and 500kV and above inter-regional transmission lines in these 29 regions with different geographical characteristics are collected. Based on the characteristics of the transmission lines, the 29 regions with different geographical characteristics are divided into different nodes, and the power demand data of each node is obtained using the power consumption information of each region. Through the above power market equilibrium model simulation analysis, the market transaction volume and inter-regional transmission volume under four scenarios are obtained: no green certificate and green electricity market (REF), only green certificate market (FTM), only green electricity market (GPM), and both green certificate and green electricity market (FMD). Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, both green certificates and the green electricity market can effectively promote the production and inter-regional trading of renewable energy, with the implementation of the green electricity market being particularly effective.

[0145] According to embodiments of the present invention, the equilibrium characteristics and stability of the inter-regional power market under multiple trading targets can be further analyzed using the power market equilibrium model, the effectiveness of inter-regional power trading under high renewable energy penetration can be explored, and decision-making references can be provided for the future renewable energy warrant trading market and related strategy implementation.

[0146] Figure 5 A block diagram of an electricity market equilibrium analysis apparatus considering green electricity and green certificate trading according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0147] like Figure 5 As shown, the electricity market equilibrium analysis device 500 considering green electricity and green certificate trading includes a first construction module 510, a second construction module 520, a third construction module 530, a fourth construction module 540, a fifth construction module 550, and an analysis module 560.

[0148] The first module 510 is used to construct an independent system operator decision-making model with the first objective function of minimizing the total cost of electricity in the power system and the first constraint of balancing power output. The second module 520 is used to construct a power generation enterprise decision-making model with the second objective function of maximizing the total revenue obtained by power generation enterprises participating in the electricity market within the study area and the second constraint of the maximum power generation of power generation enterprises. The electricity market includes conventional energy trading, green energy trading, and green certificate trading. Conventional energy trading includes hydropower trading and thermal power trading. The third module 530 is used to construct a consumer decision-making model with the third objective function of minimizing the total electricity purchase cost for electricity consumers participating in the electricity market within the study area and the third constraint of green energy consumption responsibility weight. The fourth module 540 is used to construct market equilibrium conditions with the supply and demand balance of conventional energy trading, green energy trading, and green certificate trading within the study area as constraints. The fifth module 550 is used to construct an electricity market equilibrium model based on the independent system operator decision-making model, the power generation enterprise decision-making model, the consumer decision-making model, and the market equilibrium conditions. Analysis module 560 is used to output the generation of various types of electricity and the transmission volume of each transmission line using the electricity market equilibrium model.

[0149] According to embodiments of this disclosure, any plurality of modules among the first building module 510, the second building module 520, the third building module 530, the fourth building module 540, the fifth building module 550, and the analysis module 560 may be combined into one module, or any one of these modules may be split into multiple modules. Alternatively, at least part of the functionality of one or more of these modules may be combined with at least part of the functionality of other modules and implemented in one module. According to embodiments of this disclosure, at least one of the first building module 510, the second building module 520, the third building module 530, the fourth building module 540, the fifth building module 550, and the analysis module 560 may be at least partially implemented as hardware circuitry, such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a programmable logic array (PLA), a system-on-a-chip, a system-on-a-substrate, a system-on-package, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or implemented in hardware or firmware by any other reasonable means of integrating or packaging the circuitry, or implemented in any one of software, hardware, and firmware methods, or in a suitable combination of any of these methods. Alternatively, at least one of the first building module 510, the second building module 520, the third building module 530, the fourth building module 540, the fifth building module 550, and the analysis module 560 may be implemented at least partially as a computer program module that can perform corresponding functions when the computer program module is run.

[0150] It should be noted that the electricity market equilibrium analysis device part considering green electricity and green certificate trading in the embodiments of the present invention corresponds to the electricity market equilibrium analysis method part considering green electricity and green certificate trading in the embodiments of the present invention. For a detailed description of the electricity market equilibrium analysis device part considering green electricity and green certificate trading, please refer to the electricity market equilibrium analysis method part considering green electricity and green certificate trading, which will not be repeated here.

[0151] Figure 6 A block diagram of an electronic device suitable for implementing a power market equilibrium analysis method that takes into account green electricity and green certificate trading, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, is shown. Figure 6 The electronic device shown is merely an example and should not be construed as limiting the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0152] like Figure 6 As shown, an electronic device 600 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a processor 601, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 602 or a program loaded from a storage portion 608 into a random access memory (RAM) 603. The processor 601 may include, for example, a general-purpose microprocessor (e.g., a CPU), an instruction set processor and / or an associated chipset and / or a special-purpose microprocessor (e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), etc. The processor 601 may also include onboard memory for caching purposes. The processor 601 may include a single processing unit or multiple processing units for performing different actions of the method flow according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0153] RAM 603 stores various programs and data required for the operation of electronic device 600. Processor 601, ROM 602, and RAM 603 are interconnected via bus 604. Processor 601 executes various operations of the method flow according to embodiments of the present invention by executing programs in ROM 602 and / or RAM 603. It should be noted that programs may also be stored in one or more memories other than ROM 602 and RAM 603. Processor 601 may also execute various operations of the method flow according to embodiments of the present invention by executing programs stored in one or more memories.

[0154] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electronic device 600 may further include an input / output (I / O) interface 605, which is also connected to a bus 604. The electronic device 600 may also include one or more of the following components connected to the input / output (I / O) interface 605: an input section 606 including a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output section 607 including a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and a speaker, etc.; a storage section 608 including a hard disk, etc.; and a communication section 609 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, modem, etc. The communication section 609 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A drive 610 is also connected to the input / output (I / O) interface 605 as needed. A removable medium 611, such as a disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, semiconductor memory, etc., is installed on the drive 610 as needed so that computer programs read from it can be installed into the storage section 608 as needed.

[0155] According to embodiments of the present invention, the method flow according to embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as a computer software program. For example, embodiments of the present invention include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable storage medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the method shown in the flowchart. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via communication section 609, and / or installed from removable medium 611. When the computer program is executed by processor 601, it performs the functions defined in the system of the embodiments of the present invention. According to embodiments of the present invention, the systems, devices, apparatuses, modules, units, etc., described above can be implemented by computer program modules.

[0156] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be included in the device / apparatus / system described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the device / apparatus / system. The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs, which, when executed, implement the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0157] According to embodiments of the present invention, the computer-readable storage medium may be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. Examples include, but are not limited to: portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In the present invention, the computer-readable storage medium may be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0158] For example, according to embodiments of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium may include the ROM 602 and / or RAM 603 described above and / or one or more memories other than ROM 602 and RAM 603.

[0159] Embodiments of the present invention also include a computer program product comprising a computer program containing program code for performing the methods provided in the embodiments of the present invention. When the computer program product is run on an electronic device, the program code is used to enable the electronic device to implement the methods provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0160] When the computer program is executed by the processor 601, it performs the functions defined in the system / apparatus of this embodiment of the invention. According to embodiments of the invention, the systems, apparatuses, modules, units, etc., described above can be implemented by computer program modules.

[0161] In one embodiment, the computer program may rely on a tangible storage medium such as an optical storage device or a magnetic storage device. In another embodiment, the computer program may also be transmitted and distributed in the form of signals over a network medium, and downloaded and installed via the communication section 609, and / or installed from the removable medium 611. The program code contained in the computer program can be transmitted using any suitable network medium, including but not limited to: wireless, wired, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0162] According to embodiments of the present invention, program code for executing the computer programs provided in the embodiments of the present invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. Specifically, these computational programs can be implemented using high-level procedural and / or object-oriented programming languages, and / or assembly / machine languages. Programming languages ​​include, but are not limited to, languages ​​such as Java, C++, Python, "C", or similar programming languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computing device, partially on the user's device, partially on a remote computing device, or entirely on a remote computing device or server. In cases involving remote computing devices, the remote computing device can be connected to the user's computing device via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or it can be connected to an external computing device (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0163] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in a block diagram or flowchart, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions. Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined and / or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in the present invention. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined and / or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present invention. All such combinations and / or pairings fall within the scope of this invention.

[0164] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, these embodiments are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Although various embodiments have been described above, this does not mean that the measures in the various embodiments cannot be used advantageously in combination. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Various substitutions and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention, and all such substitutions and modifications should fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing the equilibrium of the electricity market considering green electricity and green certificate trading, characterized in that, The method includes: With minimizing the total cost of electricity in the power system as the first objective function and balancing the power output as the first constraint, an independent system operator decision model is constructed, wherein the total cost includes generation cost and transmission cost. With the second objective function being to maximize the total revenue obtained by power generation enterprises in the study area from participating in the electricity market, and with the maximum power generation of the power generation enterprises as the second constraint, a decision-making model for power generation enterprises is constructed. The electricity market includes conventional electricity trading, green electricity trading, and green certificate trading. Conventional electricity trading includes hydropower trading and thermal power trading. The third objective function is to minimize the total electricity purchase cost for electricity consumers participating in the electricity market within the study area, and the third constraint is the green electricity consumption responsibility weight. A consumer decision-making model is constructed, which includes an electricity demand constraint and a renewable energy quota system constraint. The electricity demand constraint is that the amount of green electricity, hydropower, and thermal power purchased by electricity consumers in the study area when participating in the electricity market is equal to the predetermined electricity demand. The renewable energy quota system constraint is that the amount of non-hydropower green electricity purchased by electricity consumers in the study area when participating in the electricity market is greater than or equal to the preset non-hydropower green electricity quota demand and / or the amount of hydropower purchased is greater than or equal to the preset hydropower quota demand. Market equilibrium conditions are constructed based on the supply and demand balance of conventional electricity trading, green electricity trading, and green certificate trading within the study area. By establishing interrelationships and mutual constraints among the independent system operator decision-making model, the power generation enterprise decision-making model, the consumer decision-making model, and the market equilibrium conditions, a power market equilibrium model is obtained. The unit generation cost of various types of electricity in the power system, the annual maximum transmission capacity of each transmission line in the study area, the matrix of the transmission lines and the connection nodes at both ends of the transmission lines in the study area, and the annual maximum utilization hours and installed capacity of various types of electricity are obtained. The unit generation cost of each type of electricity, the maximum annual transmission capacity of each transmission line, the matrix, and the maximum annual utilization hours and installed capacity of each type of electricity are input into the electricity market equilibrium model to simulate the market transaction volume and inter-regional transmission under four scenarios: no green certificate and green electricity market, only green certificate market, only green electricity market, and both green certificate and green electricity market. The model then outputs the generation volume of each type of electricity and the transmission volume of each transmission line for each scenario.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of establishing interrelationships and mutual constraints among the independent system operator decision-making model, the power generation enterprise decision-making model, the consumer decision-making model, and the market equilibrium conditions to obtain the electricity market equilibrium model includes: Determine the first Caro-Kuhn-Tucker condition for the power generation enterprise decision-making model; Determine the second Caro-Kuhn-Tucker condition for the consumer decision-making model; Determine the mixed complementary conditions of the first Caro-Kun-Tucker condition and the second Caro-Kun-Tucker condition; The hybrid complementary conditions are linearized using a binary expansion method to obtain a linearized model; and The independent system operator decision model, the linear processing model, and the market equilibrium conditions are combined to obtain the electricity market equilibrium model.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The types of electricity in the power system include: hydropower, thermal power, and green electricity. The first constraint condition includes at least one of the following: total external transmission capacity constraint condition, total transmission capacity constraint condition, green electricity transmission capacity constraint condition, and energy balance constraint condition. The independent system operator decision-making model, which uses minimizing the total cost of electricity in the power system as the first objective function and balancing the power output as the first constraint, includes: The first objective function is obtained by minimizing the sum of total power generation cost and total transmission cost, wherein the total power generation cost is the sum of the power generation costs of hydropower, thermal power and green electricity, and the total transmission cost is the sum of the transmission costs of the transmission lines of hydropower, thermal power and green electricity. The constraint condition for total external power transmission is that the total power generation is greater than or equal to the total external power transmission, wherein the total power generation is the sum of the power generation of hydropower, thermal power, and green power within the study area, and the total external power transmission is the sum of the external power transmission of hydropower, thermal power, and green power within the study area; and / or The constraint condition for the total transmission capacity is defined as the total transmission capacity being less than or equal to a predetermined transmission capacity of each transmission line within the study area. This total transmission capacity is the sum of the transmission capacities of the hydropower, thermal power, and green power plants; and / or The green electricity transmission capacity of each transmission line within the study area is defined as less than or equal to the predetermined green electricity transmission capacity as the green electricity transmission capacity constraint condition; and / or The energy balance constraint condition is defined as the sum of the energy of the transmission lines for hydropower, thermal power and green electricity in the study area being equal to zero. Here, the energy is the product of the connection matrix and the transmission amount of each of the hydropower, thermal power and green electricity, and the connection matrix is ​​the matrix of the transmission lines and the connection nodes at both ends of the transmission lines in the study area.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The method further includes: The annual maximum transmission capacity of each transmission line within the study area is determined as the predetermined transmission capacity; and The product of the maximum green electricity transmission ratio in the transmission line and the total electricity transmitted in the transmission line is determined as the predetermined green electricity transmission amount.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second objective function is to maximize the total revenue obtained by power generation enterprises in the study area from participating in the electricity market, and the second constraint is the maximum power generation of the power generation enterprises. A decision-making model for power generation enterprises is constructed, including: The second objective function is defined as the sum of the revenue generated by power generation enterprises within the study area from selling electricity through conventional energy trading, green energy trading, and green certificate trading, and the revenue from green certificate trading; and The second constraint condition is defined as the power generation of power enterprises within the study area being less than or equal to the predetermined power generation of each type of electricity.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The consumer decision-making model is constructed with the third objective function being minimizing the total electricity purchase cost for electricity consumers participating in the electricity market within the study area, and the third constraint being the green electricity consumption responsibility weight. The model includes: The third objective function is obtained by minimizing the sum of total assets acquired by electricity consumers within the study area when participating in the electricity market, including green electricity, hydropower, thermal power, and green certificates. The electricity demand constraint is defined as the amount of green electricity, hydropower, and thermal power purchased by electricity consumers within the study area when participating in the electricity market equals the predetermined electricity demand; and The requirement that the amount of non-hydro green electricity purchased by electricity consumers in the study area when participating in the electricity market is greater than or equal to the preset non-hydro green electricity quota demand and / or the amount of hydropower purchased is greater than or equal to the preset hydropower quota demand is determined as the renewable energy quota system demand constraint condition.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The market equilibrium conditions include conventional electricity equilibrium conditions, green electricity equilibrium conditions, and green certificate equilibrium conditions. The market equilibrium conditions are constructed by constraining the supply and demand balance of conventional electricity trading, green electricity trading, and green certificate trading within the study area, including: The supply of hydropower and thermal power transactions within the study area is equal to the demand, which is defined as the conventional energy balance condition. The supply of green electricity in the study area is equal to the demand, which is defined as the green electricity equilibrium condition; and The supply of green certificates within the study area is equal to the demand, which is defined as the green certificate equilibrium condition.

8. A power market equilibrium analysis device considering green electricity and green certificate trading, characterized in that, The device includes: The first construction module is used to construct an independent system operator decision model with the first objective function of minimizing the total cost of electricity in the power system and the first constraint of balancing the power output of the electricity, wherein the total cost includes generation cost and transmission cost. The second construction module is used to construct a decision model for power generation enterprises with the second objective function of maximizing the total revenue obtained by power generation enterprises in the study area from participating in the electricity market and the second constraint of the maximum power generation of the power generation enterprises. The electricity market includes conventional electricity trading, green electricity trading and green certificate trading. Conventional electricity trading includes hydropower trading and thermal power trading. The third construction module is used to construct a consumer decision model with the third objective function being minimizing the total electricity purchase cost for electricity consumers participating in the electricity market within the study area, and the third constraint being the green electricity consumption responsibility weight. The third constraint includes an electricity demand constraint and a renewable energy quota system demand constraint. The electricity demand constraint is that the amount of green electricity, hydropower, and thermal power purchased by electricity consumers within the study area when participating in the electricity market is equal to the predetermined electricity demand. The renewable energy quota system demand constraint is that the amount of non-hydropower green electricity purchased by electricity consumers within the study area when participating in the electricity market is greater than or equal to the preset non-hydropower green electricity quota demand and / or the amount of hydropower purchased is greater than or equal to the preset hydropower quota demand. The fourth construction module is used to construct market equilibrium conditions based on the supply and demand balance of the conventional electricity trading, green electricity trading, and green certificate trading within the research area. The fifth construction module is used to establish the interrelationship and mutual constraints between the independent system operator decision model, the power generation enterprise decision model, the consumer decision model, and the market equilibrium conditions to obtain the electricity market equilibrium model; The analysis module is used to obtain the unit generation cost of various types of electricity in the power system, the annual maximum transmission capacity of each transmission line in the study area, the matrix of the connection nodes between the transmission lines and their ends in the study area, and the annual maximum utilization hours and installed capacity of various types of electricity. The unit generation cost of various types of electricity, the annual maximum transmission capacity of each transmission line, the matrix, and the annual maximum utilization hours and installed capacity of various types of electricity are input into the electricity market equilibrium model to simulate the market transaction volume and inter-regional transmission under four scenarios: no green certificate and green electricity market, only green certificate market, only green electricity market, and both green certificate and green electricity market. The module then outputs the generation volume of various types of electricity and the transmission volume of each transmission line corresponding to each scenario.

9. An electronic device, comprising: One or more processors; Memory, used to store one or more programs. Wherein, when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.

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