High bit rate modulation formats for polarized transmitters

Abstract

Techniques for wireless communication are disclosed. In one aspect, a wireless communication device transmits a first set of symbols of a plurality of symbols of a data stream using a first set of constellation points of a pi / N-based modulation scheme, and transmits a second set of symbols of the plurality of symbols using a second set of constellation points of the pi / N-based modulation scheme, each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, where the second set of constellation points is rotated pi / N from the first set of constellation points, where symbols in the first set of symbols alternate with symbols in the second set of symbols, and where M is greater than 8.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communications. Background Art

[0002] Bluetooth is a wireless technology that is typically used to exchange data between devices over short distances, such as a personal area network (PAN). Although the original Bluetooth applications were used to communicate audio data (e.g., wireless headsets) or to indicate to a device to move / select data (e.g., a wireless mouse), more recent Bluetooth applications are used to communicate entire data files and other discrete data that needs to be transmitted without error to avoid data corruption.

[0003] Bluetooth uses different variations of phase-shift keying (PSK) modulation, which is a type of QAM, such as pi / 4 differential quadrature PSK (pi / 4-DQPSK), also denoted "PI / 4DQPSK", and octal DPSK, also denoted "8-DPSK", depending on the application. Different modulation formats are well suited for transmitters that employ polar modulation. Polar modulated transmitters have emerged as a technique to reduce power consumption and are therefore the preferred architecture for low-power transceivers. Modulation formats that have zero crossings tend to be simple formats with low channel data rate capabilities, such as offset QPSK or pi / 4DQPSK, which do not have zero crossings. Bluetooth Enhanced Data Rate 3 (EDR3) octal PSK (also known as "8-PSK", "PSK8", etc.) does have zero crossings and typically uses distortion to make it suitable for polar transmitters, but this uses distortion, which is not ideal. Summary of the invention

[0004] The following is a simplified summary of the invention related to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Therefore, the following summary of the invention should not be regarded as an extensive review related to all covered aspects, nor should the following summary of the invention be regarded as identifying key or important elements related to all covered aspects or describing the scope associated with any particular aspect. Therefore, the sole purpose of the following summary of the invention is to present certain concepts related to one or more aspects related to the mechanisms disclosed herein in a brief form before the detailed embodiments presented below.

[0005] In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a wireless communication device includes: sending a first set of symbols from multiple symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first constellation point set based on a pi / N modulation scheme; and sending a second set of symbols from the multiple symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second constellation point set based on the pi / N modulation scheme, wherein each of the first constellation point set and the second constellation point set consists of M constellation points, wherein the second constellation point set is rotated from the first constellation point set by pi / N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

[0006] In one aspect, a method of wireless communication performed by a wireless communication device includes: receiving a first set of symbols from multiple symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first constellation point set based on a pi / N modulation scheme; and receiving a second set of symbols from the multiple symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second constellation point set based on the pi / N modulation scheme, wherein each of the first constellation point set and the second constellation point set consists of M constellation points, wherein the second constellation point set is rotated from the first constellation point set by pi / N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

[0007] In one aspect, a wireless communication device includes a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: send a first set of symbols from a plurality of symbols of a data stream via the at least one transceiver, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points of a modulation scheme based on pi / N; and send a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols via the at least one transceiver, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points of the modulation scheme based on pi / N, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

[0008] In one aspect, a wireless communication device includes a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: receive a first set of symbols from a plurality of symbols of a data stream via the at least one transceiver, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points of a modulation scheme based on pi / N; and receive a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols via the at least one transceiver, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points of the modulation scheme based on pi / N, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

[0009] In one aspect, a wireless communication device includes: a unit for sending a first set of symbols among multiple symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first constellation point set based on a pi / N modulation scheme; and a unit for sending a second set of symbols among the multiple symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second constellation point set based on the pi / N modulation scheme, wherein each of the first constellation point set and the second constellation point set consists of M constellation points, wherein the second constellation point set is rotated from the first constellation point set by pi / N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

[0010] In one aspect, a wireless communication device includes: a unit for receiving a first set of symbols from a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points based on a modulation scheme based on pi / N; and a unit for receiving a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points based on the pi / N modulation scheme, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

[0011] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, which when executed by a wireless communication device causes the wireless communication device to perform the following operations: sending a first set of symbols from a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points of a modulation scheme based on pi / N; and sending a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points of the modulation scheme based on pi / N, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

[0012] In one aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions, which when executed by a wireless communication device causes the wireless communication device to perform the following operations: receive a first set of symbols from a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points of a modulation scheme based on pi / N; and receive a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points of the modulation scheme based on pi / N, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

[0013] Other objects and advantages associated with the various aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on the drawings and detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] The drawings are shown to aid in the description of various aspects of the present disclosure and are provided solely as illustration of the various aspects and not as a limitation thereof.

[0015] Figure 1 Various consumer devices are shown in which aspects of the present disclosure may be incorporated.

[0016] Figure 2 A simplified diagram showing an exemplary architecture of a device capable of implementing the techniques described herein.

[0017] Figure 3 A comparison of an example Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) constellation trajectory and a corresponding PI / 4 Differential QPSK (PI / 4DQPSK) constellation trajectory is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 4 A comparison of an example 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) constellation trajectory and a corresponding PI / 4 differential 16QAM (PI / 4D16QAM) constellation trajectory is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 5 is a diagram showing constellation diagrams of 16QAM and PI / 4D16QAM without trajectory lines according to aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 6 FIG. 1 shows an example of a method for applying 16QAM and applying octal PSK according to various aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 5 The public technology of PI / 4QAM16 shown in.

[0021] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating a down-converted transmit constellation trajectory for PI / 4QAM16 with a 70% root raised cosine (RRC) response in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating down-converted transmit constellation trajectories for PI / 8PSK8 with near optimal 70% RRC response in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] Fig. 9 An example graph of frequency deviation of PI / 4QAM16 for a random data stream producing a peak frequency deviation as a quality factor of the proposed modulation format in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is shown.

[0024] Fig.10 is a diagram illustrating how the modulation described herein can be implemented in a polar transmitter in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] Fig.11 The shape of a fully raised cosine (FRC) filter typically used in a PSK type transmitter is shown in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] Fig.12 and Fig.13

[0013] Example methods of wireless communications in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure are shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] Various aspects of the present disclosure are provided in the following description and related drawings for various examples provided for illustrative purposes. Other aspects may be designed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, in order to avoid obscuring the relevant details of the present disclosure, some well-known elements of the present disclosure will not be described in detail or omitted.

[0028] The words "exemplary" and / or "example" are used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any aspect described herein as "exemplary" and / or example is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Likewise, the term "aspects of the disclosure" does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage, or mode of operation.

[0029] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that any of a variety of different techniques and methods may be used to represent the information and signals described below. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be mentioned throughout the following description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or optical particles, or any combination thereof, which depends in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, and so on.

[0030] In addition, many aspects are described in the form of a sequence of actions that can be performed by, for example, elements of a computing device. It should be appreciated that the various actions described in this application can be performed by a dedicated circuit (e.g., an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC)), by program instructions that can be executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of the two. In addition, the sequence of actions described herein may be considered to be fully embodied in any form of non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, in which a corresponding computer instruction set is stored, which, when executed, will cause or instruct the associated processor of the device to perform the functions described herein. Therefore, various aspects of the present disclosure may be specifically implemented in many different forms, all of which have been expected to be within the scope of the claimed subject matter. In addition, for each of the various aspects described herein, the corresponding form of any such aspect may be described herein as, for example, "logic configured to perform the described actions."

[0031] As used herein, the term "wireless device" refers to any type of device that includes Bluetooth functionality, whether Bluetooth Classic, Bluetooth Smart, Bluetooth Smart Ready, or other. In general, a wireless device can be any wireless communication device that can communicate with other wireless devices via a Bluetooth link, such as a mobile phone, a router, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a tracking device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, a wireless headset, an earbud, glasses, an augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) headset, etc.), an in-vehicle communication device, a portable hard drive, a computer gaming device, a pointing device (e.g., a mouse, a keyboard, a pen, a trackball, a joystick, etc.), an Internet of Things (IoT) device (e.g., a home appliance, a television, a smart speaker, etc.), etc. In addition to having Bluetooth functionality, a wireless device can also communicate via other types of wireless networks, such as a wireless local area network (WLAN) (e.g., based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, etc.) or a cellular network (e.g., Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G New Radio, etc.), to name just a few examples. Such wireless devices may be interchangeably referred to as “user equipment” (UE), “access terminal” (AT), “client device,” “subscriber equipment,” “subscriber terminal,” “subscriber station,” “user terminal” (UT), “mobile device,” “mobile terminal,” “mobile station,” or variations thereof.

[0032] A wireless device can be configured as a controller or a remote device (or "peripheral"). A controller is typically a smartphone, tablet, or PC. A controller can establish a wireless network with multiple remote controls, where a connection is established between the controller and each remote control. A wireless device can also be configured as a server or client. In practice, a server might be thought of as having the data of interest, while a client connects to a server to request data and possibly modify the server's state. Typically, a controller is a client, and a remote device is a server.

[0033] For example, a Bluetooth home thermostat can store temperature values ​​over a period of time and operate as a server and a remote control for a smartphone when the smartphone is in close proximity to the home thermostat. The home thermostat can advertise itself so that when the smartphone is in range, a connection is established with the smartphone as the controller and the home thermostat as the remote control. In this example, the smartphone acts as a client, requesting the stored temperature value from the home thermostat. Based on an application running on the smartphone, the smartphone can change the state of the thermostat, thereby increasing or decreasing the temperature setting of the home thermostat based on the stored temperature readings and other information that the smartphone can access from the home thermostat or perhaps from a cloud-based database.

[0034] Bluetooth technology has found applications in many devices commonly found around homes, offices, factories, etc. For example, Figure 1A wireless network is shown in which a smartphone 102 can be a controller and client for multiple Bluetooth-enabled devices: a watch 104 with a sensor that measures pulse rate; a home thermostat 106; a key fob 108 with stored car seat settings and other car preferences; sneakers 110 with a pedometer; a wristband 112 with sensors for measuring blood pressure and heart rate; a personal thermometer 114; a weight scale 116; a laptop computer 118; and a television 120. Smartphone 102 can be connected to the Internet 122, which can access various databases to store readings or adjust the status of some Bluetooth devices, or can alert health care professionals or emergency services if readings from a Bluetooth device indicate a health problem or emergency.

[0035] Figure 2 A wireless device 200 is shown in which aspects of the present disclosure may find application. The wireless device 200 may be any of a number of communication devices, such as a smartphone, a tablet computer, or a laptop computer. The wireless device 200 may be, or may sometimes operate as, a controller wireless device or a peripheral wireless device. A main processor 202 for the wireless device runs applications visible to a user of the wireless device and includes a cache memory 204 and an interface for storing and retrieving data and instructions from an off-chip memory, in Figure 2 2 is represented as system memory hierarchy 206. System memory hierarchy 206 may include various volatile and non-volatile memory systems. Figure 2 Also shown is a CODEC (coder-decoder) 208 for interfacing with a microphone 210 and a speaker 212. A display controller 214 provides an interface to a display 218 so that a user can easily interact with the wireless device.

[0036] The wireless device 200 is capable of interfacing with other wireless networks by way of a transceiver 220 (also referred to as a wireless interface) and one or more antennas 222. The transceiver 220 is illustrated as including a modem 220A and a digital signal processor (DSP) 220B, although other types of modules may be employed in practice, all or some such modules may be integrated on a single chip, and some modules may be integrated with the processor 202.

[0037] The main processor 202 may implement Bluetooth Classic, Bluetooth Smart, and / or Bluetooth Smart Ready protocol stacks, wherein instructions for executing some or all of the protocol stacks are stored in the system memory hierarchy 206. Figure 2In the example of , a separate chip or embedded hardware core (such as Bluetooth processor 224) implements portions of the protocol stack to perform the Bluetooth functions described herein. The Bluetooth processor 224 includes memory 226, which is shown as on-chip memory, although the memory 226 can be part of a memory hierarchy where some of the memory is also located off-chip. The wireless interface 228 provides an interface to one or more antennas 230, which are suitable for operating in a specified spectrum used by Bluetooth. The communication can be any number of Bluetooth-enabled devices, such as the home thermostat 106 or the wristband 112, to name just two examples.

[0038] Arrow 232 is used to indicate that the Bluetooth processor 224 executes the protocol stack represented by the box labeled 234. Shown in the protocol stack 234 are a host layer 236, a host controller interface 238, and a controller 240. The controller 240 includes a link layer 242. For ease of illustration, not all layers are shown. Software or firmware running on the Bluetooth processor 224 can implement all or some of the layers in the protocol stack 234, and dedicated hardware such as an ASIC can also implement some of these layers.

[0039] It should be understood that the Bluetooth processor 224 may represent more than one processor, where, for example, a programmable processor may implement the host layer 236, and a DSP may implement some or all of the actions performed by the controller 240, perhaps with the exception of the physical layer (not shown). Instructions for implementing some or all of the Bluetooth functionality described herein may be stored in a memory, such as the memory 226. The memory 226 may be referred to as a non-transitory computer-readable medium.

[0040] Wireless device 200 can participate in one or more wireless networks to gain access to the Internet. Figure 2 In the example of , the wireless device 200 has a Wi-Fi link 244 to an access point (AP) 246, where an Internet Service Provider (ISP) 248 provides access to the Internet.

[0041] The wireless device 200 may also have the functionality of a cellular phone in order to participate in any of a plurality of cellular networks. For example, the wireless device 200 may have an air interface link 250 that may be compatible with various cellular networks, such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G New Radio (NR), etc. The air interface link 250 provides communication to a radio access network 252, wherein the architecture of the radio access network 252 depends on the type of cellular network standard. For example, in the case of GSM, the radio access network 252 may include base stations, for UMTS, it may include Node-B, for LTE, it may include eNode-B, and for 5G NR, it may contain gNode-B, as specified by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project).

[0042] Figure 2 Not all functional units for providing a connection to the Internet are shown, but for ease of illustration, several components are shown, such as gateway 254, which generally represents several network components for providing communications to a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 256 and a packet data network gateway (PDN-GW) 258, wherein PDN-GW 258 provides an appropriate communication interface to the Internet 260. Obviously, for ease of illustration, the diagrams are simplified. Figure 2 The network architecture described for Wi-Fi link 244 and air interface link 250.

[0043] A digital bit stream (called a channel) is sent over an RF signal (waveform) using modulation. Modulation is the process of changing one or more characteristics of a periodic waveform (called a carrier signal), which usually contains the information to be sent, with a separate signal (called the modulating signal). A widely used type of modulation is Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). In QAM, two digital bit streams are sent by modulating (changing the amplitude of two carrier waves) using an Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) digital modulation scheme. The two carrier waves have the same frequency and are 90 degrees out of phase with each other, a condition known as orthogonality. The transmitted signal is created by adding the two carrier waves together. At the receiver, the two waves can be coherently separated (demodulated) due to their orthogonality.

[0044] Bluetooth uses different variations of phase shift keying (PSK) modulation, which is a type of QAM, such as pi / 4 differential quadrature PSK (pi / 4-DQPSK), also denoted "pi / 4DQPSK", and octal DPSK, also denoted "8-DPSK", depending on the application. PSK is a modulation process that transmits data by varying (modulating) the phase of a constant frequency reference signal (carrier). PSK uses a finite number of phases (e.g., 2, 4, 8), each of which is assigned a unique binary digital pattern. Typically, each phase encodes the same number of bits. Each bit pattern forms a symbol represented by a particular phase. So, for example, the four phases of quadrature PSK (QPSK) represent the binary digital patterns "00", "01", "10", and "11", and each pattern is called a symbol. A demodulator designed specifically for the symbol set used by the modulator determines the phase of the received signal and maps it back to the symbol it represents, thereby recovering the original data. The multiple symbols of the physical / link layer convey data packets with headers and payload at higher layers.

[0045] PSK can be either coherent or non-coherent. In coherent PSK (CPSK), the receiver (called a "coherent" receiver) compares the phase of the received signal to a reference signal to determine the phase of the received signal. However, this requires the demodulator to extract the reference waveform from the received signal. In non-coherent PSK, called differential PSK (DPSK), the receiver (called a "differential" receiver) can measure the phase shift of each received symbol relative to the phase of the previous symbol to determine which symbol the current symbol is. However, while simpler to implement than CPSK, it is more prone to error.

[0046] Different modulation formats are well suited for transmitters that employ polar modulation. Polar modulated transmitters have emerged as a technique to reduce power consumption and are therefore the preferred architecture for low power transceivers. Modulation formats with zero crossings tend to be simple formats with low channel data rate capabilities, such as offset QPSK or PI / 4DQPSK, which do not have zero crossings. Bluetooth Enhanced Data Rate 3 (EDR3) Octal PSK (also known as "8-PSK," "PSK8," etc.) does have zero crossings and distortion is typically used to make it suitable for polar transmitters, but this uses distortion, which is not ideal. The technology of the present disclosure provides various modulation formats (16QAM and 8-PSK) with zero crossings so that they are naturally suitable for polar transmitter architectures with zero crossing avoidance and do not require any unwanted distortion.

[0047] Polar modulation is similar to quadrature modulation in the same way that polar coordinates are similar to Cartesian coordinates. Quadrature modulation utilizes Cartesian coordinates x and y, where the x-axis is sometimes called the I (in-phase) axis and the y-axis is sometimes called the Q (quadrature) axis. Polar modulation utilizes polar coordinates r (amplitude) and θ (phase). A polar transmitter sends data using polar modulation.

[0048] Figure 3 A comparison of example QPSK constellation trajectories and corresponding PI / 4DQPSK constellation trajectories according to various aspects of the present disclosure is shown. In a QPSK modulation scheme, as shown in Figure 300, there can be two data channels, a real channel called "x" and an imaginary channel called "y", and each channel can carry a data bit of "0" (voltage of -1) or "1" (voltage of +1). Therefore, for these two channels, there are four possible data bit arrangements (symbols), specifically "00", "01", "10" and "11". If the two channels are introduced into a QPSK modulator, the output will be an RF signal with four possible phases. These four possible phases are represented in Figure 300 as angles from the center of the diagram to the corners (constellation points), specifically ±45 degrees and ±135 degrees.

[0049] The interconnecting lines in graphs 300 and 350 show possible trajectories between points of the constellation and a zero crossing point through zero amplitude (e.g., at the center of graph 300). For example, in order to transmit "11" and then transmit "00", the phase of the RF signal passes through the center of graph 300 (from +45 degrees to -45 degrees), called a "zero crossing". This means that the amplitude of the RF signal will need to change from one phase to the opposite phase, which requires decreasing the amplitude to zero and then increasing again. This is a problem for both Cartesian and polar transmitters (e.g., power amplifiers). For example, for a Cartesian transmitter, any change in amplitude will produce a change in phase.

[0050] The PI / 4DQPSK modulation scheme (shown in Figure 350) solves this problem by rotating the QPSK constellation by pi / 4 or 45 degrees, resulting in eight constellation points instead of the four constellation points shown in Figure 300. The PI / 4DQPSK modulation scheme is used in many applications, including Bluetooth, and is well suited for polar transmitters. However, 16QAM has recently become a requirement of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), so there is an urgent need to produce a solution for use with polar transmitters. The same basic principles can be applied to other modulation schemes, such as 16QAM and QPSK.

[0051] Figure 4A comparison of example 16QAM constellation trajectories and corresponding PI / 4D 16QAM constellation orbits according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The interconnecting lines in Figures 400 and 450 show possible trajectories between points of the constellation and zero crossings through zero amplitude. As shown in Figure 400, there are 16 constellation points (i.e., 16 possible phases) in the 16QAM modulation scheme. This allows each symbol to carry four bits (e.g., "0000", "0001", "0010", "0011", etc.). As shown in Figure 400, there are zero crossings in the 16QAM modulation scheme.

[0052] The 16QAM constellation can be modified to avoid zero crossings by shifting the alternately transmitted symbols to land on a 16QAM constellation rotated PI / 4 or 45 degrees. This results in the PI / 4D16QAM constellation diagram shown in Figure 450. Note that the trajectory diagram of the PI / 4D16QAM constellation has a small hole in the center. The purpose of this hole is explained below.

[0053] Figure 5 5 is a diagram 500 showing constellation diagrams for 16QAM and PI / 4D16QAM without trajectory lines in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 5 In the proposed modulation scheme, the 16QAM constellation points are represented by squares, and the alternate constellation points rotated 45 degrees are represented by circles. In the proposed modulation scheme, the alternate symbols are split, and the odd-numbered symbols use square constellation points (i.e., the original 16QAM constellation points), and the even-numbered symbols use circular constellation points (i.e., the constellation points rotated by PI / 4). By going from odd to even and then back to odd to even (e.g., from square constellation points to circular constellation points to square to circle), the amplitude never passes through the center (i.e., there is no zero crossing or zero amplitude). The 16QAM constellation has 16 constellation points, and the resulting constellation (called "PI / 4QAM16") has 2*16=32 constellation points.

[0054] In the preceding constellation patterns, there is a "D" that refers to differential modulation (e.g., PI / 4D16QAM). Typically this refers to incoherent differential modulation. For all of these modulation formats, it should be noted that coherent demodulation can be used to obtain improvements in error vector magnitude (EVM) performance. However, the data can be differentially encoded to gain the advantages of data demodulation without the need to use unique words to resolve ambiguities encountered in carrier recovery methods. The modulation proposed for PI / 4D16QAM may also be referred to as PI / 4C16QAM, where the "C" stands for "coherent." The present disclosure omits C and D from the names of the proposed modulation formats and simply refers to them as, for example, PI / 4QAM16, because the proposed format can be used with incoherent differential, coherent differential, or coherent non-differential transmitters.

[0055] Figure 6 FIG. 1 shows an example of a method for applying 16QAM and applying octal PSK according to various aspects of the present disclosure. Figure 5 Currently, artificial holes are opened in 8-PSK for Bluetooth when polar transmitters are used, but this produces unnecessary phase distortion and affects the bit rate. Figure 5 The same technique described above is used to remove the distortion, thereby creating a new modulation format called "PI / 8PSK8". The same advantage is obtained by rotating the 8-PSK constellation (as shown in Figure 600) by PI / 8 or 22.5 degrees to produce a zero crossing avoidance region in the center of the resulting trajectory diagram (as shown in Figure 650).

[0056] However, if the channel filter's root raised cosine (RRC) roll-off (RO) factor is not carefully selected (see below), Fig.10 and Fig.11 ), the advantages gained by constellation modifications in PI / 4QAM16 and PI / 4PSK8 may be lost. The standard channel filter used with PSK modulation formats is a raised cosine response, where a square root of a raised cosine filter is used for both the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx). Due to the tails of the impulse response from these filters, the open region can be closed if the roll-off factor of the filter used is not carefully chosen. The roll-off factor of the filter that widens the zero crossing avoidance region has been found to be between 70% and 80%.

[0057] Figure 7 is a graph 700 showing a down-converted transmit constellation trace for PI / 4QAM16 with 70% RRC response in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The open area in the center shows a clearing region useful for polar transmitter operation.

[0058] Figure 8 8 is a graph 800 showing a down-converted transmit constellation trajectory for PI / 8PSK8 with a near-optimal 70% RRC response in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The open area in the center again shows the cleared region useful for polar transmitter operation, in this case now larger, making the circuit design of the polar transmitter less demanding.

[0059] The polar transmitter has an integrated frequency modulator (FM) generator (or phase modulator (PM), such as Fig.10) to produce modulation, where the maximum frequency deviation needs to be limited for practical circuit implementation. Consider the analogy of two comets A and B both traveling at the same speed, but one is closer to the Earth (Comet A). An observer on Earth can follow either comet without moving his head much when the comets are far away. As Comet B passes by the Earth, the angular motion of the observer's head to follow Comet B speeds up slightly, while the angular motion of the observer's head needs to be much faster when Comet A passes by the Earth. Following Comet A is similar to having a small track hole (e.g., as shown in FIG700 ), while following Comet B is similar to having a large track hole (as shown in FIG800 ). When transferred back to the modulation context, the peak frequency deviation of Comet A will be larger than that of Comet B to an observer on Earth.

[0060] Fig. 9 An example graph 900 showing frequency deviation of PI / 4QAM16 for a random data stream producing a peak frequency deviation as a quality factor of the proposed modulation format in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is shown. Fig. 9 As described, the lower the peak frequency deviation, the lower the requirements on the polar transmitter circuit. For example, as shown in the figure, a 1 megabaud (Mbaud) modulation with PI / 4QAM16 will have a peak frequency of approximately 4 megahertz (MHz). If the bandwidth of the modulation format is doubled to double the data rate, the peak frequency will also double. Higher data rates will produce higher peak frequency requirements.

[0061] Fig.10 1000 is a diagram illustrating how the modulation described herein may be implemented in a polar transmitter in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. Fig.10In the example of FIG. 300 , a QPSK modulation scheme is used. As described above, QPSK has two binary data input channels, where “x” and “y” or “R” and “I” or “Q” and “I” are common ways to label them. For example, input voltages of -1V and +1V are input to each channel corresponding to logic levels “0” and “1”, respectively. For QPSK, the trajectory diagram in FIG. 300 is applicable. The input data arrangements for QPSK are “00”, “01”, “10”, and “11”, and when applied to a Cartesian-to-polarization converter, these arrangements produce RF signals with relative phases of + / -45 and + / -135 degrees. Therefore, from the opposite corner of the trajectory diagram (with some filtering), the conversion through the center produces a zero amplitude condition, which means that the modulation has a large amplitude variation. Even in a Cartesian transmitter, the amplitude variation can produce additional unwanted phase deviations due to the unwanted amplitude modulator (AM) to phase modulator (PM) characteristics of the power amplifier (PA). In a polar transmitter, there is a phase modulator, which, like a frequency modulator (FM), will have some maximum instantaneous frequency deviation, which has a practical limit from a practical implementation point of view. Therefore, the peak frequency deviation should be limited in any modulation format. For normal 16QAM and 8PSK, there will be no practical limit on the required frequency deviation, but for the proposed modulation formats of PI / 4QAM16 and PI / 8PSK8, the frequency deviation is limited to practically achievable values ​​without any system bit error rate (BER) degradation. This same technique can also be used for other zero-crossing modulation formats.

[0062] Fig.11 The shape of a fully raised cosine (FRC) filter typically used in a PSK type transmitter according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. The square root of this response is typically put into the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) as RRC so that when the signal from the transmitter is received at the receiver, the entire baseband shaping is FRC.

[0063] Fig.12 An example method 1200 of wireless communication according to aspects of the present disclosure is shown. In one aspect, the method 1200 may be performed by a wireless communication device (eg, any of the UEs, base stations, access points, etc. described herein).

[0064] At 1210, the wireless communication device transmits a first set of symbols of a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points of a modulation scheme based on pi / N. In one aspect, operation 1210 may be performed by the Bluetooth processor 224, the memory 226, the wireless interface 228, and / or the wireless interface 228, any or all of which may be considered as a means for performing the operation.

[0065] At 1220, the wireless communication device transmits a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points based on a modulation scheme of pi / N, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8. In one aspect, operation 1220 may be performed by the Bluetooth processor 224, the memory 226, the wireless interface 228, and / or the wireless interface 228, any or all of which may be considered as a means for performing the operation.

[0066] Fig.13 An example method 1300 of wireless communication in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure is shown. In one aspect, the method 1300 may be performed by a wireless communication device (eg, any of the UEs, base stations, access points, etc. described herein).

[0067] At 1310, the wireless communication device receives a first set of symbols from a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points of a modulation scheme based on pi / N. In one aspect, operation 1310 may be performed by the Bluetooth processor 224, the memory 226, the wireless interface 228, and / or the wireless interface 228, any or all of which may be considered as a means for performing the operation.

[0068] At 1320, the wireless communication device receives a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points based on a modulation scheme of pi / N, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8. In one aspect, operation 1320 may be performed by the Bluetooth processor 224, the memory 226, the wireless interface 228, and / or the wireless interface 228, any or all of which may be considered as a means for performing the operation.

[0069] As will be appreciated, a technical advantage of methods 1200 and 1300 is that they solve the zero crossing problem for polar transmitters and allow low power transmitters to be used with more complex modulation formats without degrading EVM or adjacent channel performance.

[0070] In the detailed description above, it can be seen that different features are grouped together in each example. This disclosure should not be understood as an intention that the example clauses have more features than the features explicitly mentioned in each clause. Specifically, various aspects of the present disclosure may include less than all the features of the disclosed single example clauses. Therefore, the following clauses should be deemed to be included in the specification accordingly, wherein each clause can be individually used as a separate example. Although each dependent clause can refer to a specific combination with one of the other clauses in the clause, the aspects of the dependent clause are not limited to a specific combination. It will be understood that other example clauses may also include a combination of the subject matter of the dependent clause aspect with any other dependent clause or independent clause, or any feature with other dependent and independent clauses. Various aspects disclosed herein explicitly include these combinations, unless it is explicitly expressed or it can be easily inferred that a specific combination is not expected (for example, contradictory aspects, such as defining an element as an electrical insulator and an electrical conductor). In addition, it is also expected that various aspects of the clause may be included in any other independent clause, even if the clause is not directly dependent on the independent clause.

[0071] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses.

[0072] Item 1. A method of wireless communication performed by a wireless communication device comprises: sending a first set of symbols from a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points based on a modulation scheme based on pi / N; and sending a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points based on the pi / N modulation scheme, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

[0073] Clause 2. A method according to clause 1, wherein: the first set of symbols consists of M odd-numbered symbols in a plurality of symbols, and the second set of symbols consists of M even-numbered symbols in the plurality of symbols.

[0074] Clause 3. A method according to clause 1, wherein: the first set of symbols consists of M even-numbered symbols in a plurality of symbols, and the second set of symbols consists of M odd-numbered symbols in the plurality of symbols.

[0075] Clause 4. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the pi / N based modulation scheme is a pi / N based phase shift keying (PSK) modulation scheme.

[0076] Clause 5. The method of clause 4, wherein: N is 8, M is 8, and the pi / N-based PSK modulation scheme comprises a pi / 8 octal PSK (PI / 8PSK8) modulation scheme.

[0077] Clause 6. The method of clause 5, wherein the first set of constellation points comprises constellation points of an octal PSK (PSK8) modulation scheme.

[0078] Clause 7. The method of clause 1, wherein the pi / N based modulation scheme is a pi / N based quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme.

[0079] Clause 8. The method of clause 7, wherein: N is 4, M is 16, and the pi / N-based QAM modulation scheme comprises a pi / 4 16QAM (PI / 4QAM16) modulation scheme.

[0080] Clause 9. The method of clause 8, wherein the first set of constellation points comprises constellation points of a 16QAM modulation scheme.

[0081] Clause 10. The method of any one of clauses 1 to 9, wherein the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are transmitted by a power amplifier of the wireless communication device.

[0082] Clause 11. A method as described in any of clauses 1 to 10, wherein the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are sent using a raised root cosine (RRC) roll-off factor between 70% and 80%.

[0083] Clause 12. A method according to any one of clauses 1 to 11, wherein the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols sent on the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points, respectively, generate a zero crossing avoidance region at the center of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points.

[0084] Clause 13. A method of wireless communication performed by a wireless communication device comprises: receiving a first set of symbols from a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points based on a modulation scheme based on pi / N; and receiving a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points based on the pi / N modulation scheme, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

[0085] Clause 14. The method of clause 13, wherein: the first set of symbols consists of M odd-numbered symbols from the plurality of symbols, and the second set of symbols consists of M even-numbered symbols from the plurality of symbols.

[0086] Clause 15. The method of clause 13, wherein: the first set of symbols consists of M even-numbered symbols from a plurality of symbols, and the second set of symbols consists of M odd-numbered symbols from the plurality of symbols.

[0087] Clause 16. The method of any one of clauses 13 to 15, wherein the pi / N based modulation scheme is a pi / N based phase shift keying (PSK) modulation scheme.

[0088] Clause 17. The method of clause 16, wherein: N is 8, M is 8, and the pi / N-based PSK modulation scheme comprises a pi / 8 octal PSK (PI / 8PSK8) modulation scheme.

[0089] Clause 18. The method of clause 17, wherein the first set of constellation points comprises constellation points of an octal PSK (PSK8) modulation scheme.

[0090] Clause 19. The method of clause 13, wherein the pi / N based modulation scheme is a pi / N based quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme.

[0091] Clause 20. The method of clause 19, wherein: N is 4, M is 16, and the pi / N-based QAM modulation scheme comprises a pi / 4 16QAM (PI / 4QAM16) modulation scheme.

[0092] Clause 21. The method of clause 20, wherein the first set of constellation points comprises constellation points of a 16QAM modulation scheme.

[0093] Clause 22. A method as defined in any one of clauses 13 to 21, wherein the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are received using a raised root cosine (RRC) roll-off factor between 70% and 80%.

[0094] Clause 23. A wireless communication device comprises a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: send a first set of symbols from a plurality of symbols of a data stream via the at least one transceiver, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points of a modulation scheme based on pi / N; and send a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols via the at least one transceiver, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points of the modulation scheme based on pi / N, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

[0095] Clause 24. A wireless communication device according to clause 23, wherein: the first set of symbols consists of M odd-numbered symbols of the plurality of symbols, and the second set of symbols consists of M even-numbered symbols of the plurality of symbols.

[0096] Clause 25. A wireless communication device according to clause 23, wherein: the first set of symbols consists of M even-numbered symbols of the plurality of symbols, and the second set of symbols consists of M odd-numbered symbols of the plurality of symbols.

[0097] Clause 26. A wireless communication device as defined in any one of clauses 23 to 25, wherein the pi / N based modulation scheme is a pi / N based phase shift keying (PSK) modulation scheme.

[0098] Clause 27. The wireless communication device of clause 26, wherein: N is 8, M is 8, and the pi / N-based PSK modulation scheme comprises a pi / 8 octal PSK (PI / 8PSK8) modulation scheme.

[0099] Clause 28. The wireless communication device of clause 27, wherein the first set of constellation points comprises constellation points of an octal PSK (PSK8) modulation scheme.

[0100] Clause 29. The wireless communication device of clause 23, wherein the pi / N based modulation scheme is a pi / N based quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme.

[0101] Clause 30. The wireless communication device of clause 29, wherein: N is 4, M is 16, and the pi / N-based QAM modulation scheme comprises a pi / 4 16QAM (PI / 4QAM16) modulation scheme.

[0102] Clause 31. The wireless communication device of clause 30, wherein the first set of constellation points comprises constellation points of a 16QAM modulation scheme.

[0103] Clause 32. A wireless communication device as defined in any one of clauses 23 to 31, wherein the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are transmitted by a power amplifier of the wireless communication device.

[0104] Clause 33. A wireless communications device as set forth in any one of clauses 23 to 32, wherein the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are transmitted using a raised root cosine (RRC) roll-off factor of between 70% and 80%.

[0105] Clause 34. A wireless communication device according to any one of clauses 23 to 33, wherein the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols transmitted on the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points, respectively, generate a zero crossing avoidance region at the center of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points.

[0106] Item 35. A wireless communication device comprises a memory; at least one transceiver; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor being configured to: receive a first set of symbols from a plurality of symbols of a data stream via the at least one transceiver, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points of a modulation scheme based on pi / N; and receive a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols via the at least one transceiver, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points of the modulation scheme based on pi / N, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

[0107] Clause 36. A wireless communication device according to clause 35, wherein: the first set of symbols consists of M odd-numbered symbols of the plurality of symbols, and the second set of symbols consists of M even-numbered symbols of the plurality of symbols.

[0108] Clause 37. A wireless communication device according to clause 35, wherein: the first set of symbols consists of M even-numbered symbols of the plurality of symbols, and the second set of symbols consists of M odd-numbered symbols of the plurality of symbols.

[0109] Clause 38. A wireless communication device as defined in any one of clauses 35 to 37, wherein the pi / N based modulation scheme is a pi / N based phase shift keying (PSK) modulation scheme.

[0110] Clause 39. A wireless communication device as described in clause 38, wherein: N is 8, M is 8, and the pi / N-based PSK modulation scheme includes a pi / 8 octal PSK (PI / 8PSK8) modulation scheme.

[0111] Clause 40. The wireless communication device of clause 39, wherein the first set of constellation points comprises constellation points of an octal PSK (PSK8) modulation scheme.

[0112] Clause 41. The wireless communication device of clause 35, wherein the pi / N based modulation scheme is a pi / N based quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme.

[0113] Clause 42. A wireless communication device as described in clause 41, wherein: N is 4, M is 16, and the pi / N-based QAM modulation scheme comprises a pi / 4 16QAM (PI / 4QAM16) modulation scheme.

[0114] Clause 43. The wireless communication device of clause 42, wherein the first set of constellation points comprises constellation points of a 16QAM modulation scheme.

[0115] Clause 44. A wireless communications device as defined in any one of clauses 35 to 43, wherein the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are received using a raised root cosine (RRC) roll-off factor of between 70% and 80%.

[0116] Clause 45. A wireless communication device comprises: a unit for sending a first set of symbols from a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points based on a modulation scheme based on pi / N; and a unit for sending a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points based on the pi / N modulation scheme, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

[0117] Clause 46. A wireless communication device according to clause 45, wherein: the first set of symbols consists of M odd-numbered symbols of the plurality of symbols, and the second set of symbols consists of M even-numbered symbols of the plurality of symbols.

[0118] Clause 47. A wireless communication device according to clause 45, wherein: the first set of symbols consists of M even-numbered symbols of the plurality of symbols, and the second set of symbols consists of M odd-numbered symbols of the plurality of symbols.

[0119] Clause 48. A wireless communication device as defined in any one of clauses 45 to 47, wherein the pi / N based modulation scheme is a pi / N based phase shift keying (PSK) modulation scheme.

[0120] Clause 49. A wireless communication device as described in clause 48, wherein: N is 8, M is 8, and the pi / N-based PSK modulation scheme includes a pi / 8 octal PSK (PI / 8PSK8) modulation scheme.

[0121] Clause 50. The wireless communication device of clause 49, wherein the first set of constellation points comprises constellation points of an octal PSK (PSK8) modulation scheme.

[0122] Clause 51. The wireless communication device of clause 45, wherein the pi / N based modulation scheme is a pi / N based quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme.

[0123] Clause 52. A wireless communication device as described in clause 51, wherein: N is 4, M is 16, and the pi / N-based QAM modulation scheme comprises a pi / 4 16QAM (PI / 4QAM16) modulation scheme.

[0124] Clause 53. The wireless communication device of clause 52, wherein the first set of constellation points comprises constellation points of a 16QAM modulation scheme.

[0125] Clause 54. A wireless communication device as defined in any one of clauses 45 to 53, wherein the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are transmitted by a power amplifier of the wireless communication device.

[0126] Clause 55. A wireless communications device as set forth in any one of clauses 45 to 54, wherein the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are transmitted using a raised root cosine (RRC) roll-off factor of between 70% and 80%.

[0127] Clause 56. A wireless communication device according to any one of clauses 45 to 55, wherein the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols transmitted on the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points, respectively, generate a zero crossing avoidance region at the center of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points.

[0128] Clause 57. A wireless communication device comprises: a unit for receiving a first set of symbols from a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points based on a modulation scheme based on pi / N; and a unit for receiving a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points based on the pi / N modulation scheme, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

[0129] Clause 58. A wireless communication device according to clause 57, wherein: the first set of symbols consists of M odd-numbered symbols of the plurality of symbols, and the second set of symbols consists of M even-numbered symbols of the plurality of symbols.

[0130] Clause 59. A wireless communication device according to clause 57, wherein: the first set of symbols consists of M even-numbered symbols of the plurality of symbols, and the second set of symbols consists of M odd-numbered symbols of the plurality of symbols.

[0131] Clause 60. A wireless communication device as defined in any one of clauses 57 to 59, wherein the pi / N based modulation scheme is a pi / N based phase shift keying (PSK) modulation scheme.

[0132] Clause 61. A wireless communication device as described in clause 60, wherein: N is 8, M is 8, and the pi / N-based PSK modulation scheme includes a pi / 8 octal PSK (PI / 8PSK8) modulation scheme.

[0133] Clause 62. The wireless communication device of clause 61, wherein the first set of constellation points comprises constellation points of an octal PSK (PSK8) modulation scheme.

[0134] Clause 63. A wireless communication device as described in clause 57, wherein the pi / N based modulation scheme is a pi / N based quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme.

[0135] Clause 64. A wireless communication device as described in clause 63, wherein: N is 4, M is 16, and the pi / N-based QAM modulation scheme comprises a pi / 4 16QAM (PI / 4QAM16) modulation scheme.

[0136] Clause 65. The wireless communication device of clause 64, wherein the first set of constellation points comprises constellation points of a 16QAM modulation scheme.

[0137] Clause 66. A wireless communications device as set forth in any one of clauses 57 to 65, wherein the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are received using a raised root cosine (RRC) roll-off factor of between 70% and 80%.

[0138] Clause 67. A non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a wireless communication device, cause the wireless communication device to perform the following operations: send a first set of symbols from a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points of a modulation scheme based on pi / N; and send a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points of the modulation scheme based on pi / N, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein the symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with the symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

[0139] Clause 68. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to clause 67, wherein: the first set of symbols consists of M odd-numbered symbols from a plurality of symbols, and the second set of symbols consists of M even-numbered symbols from the plurality of symbols.

[0140] Clause 69. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to clause 67, wherein: the first set of symbols consists of M even-numbered symbols from a plurality of symbols, and the second set of symbols consists of M odd-numbered symbols from the plurality of symbols.

[0141] Clause 70. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of clauses 67 to 69, wherein the pi / N-based modulation scheme is a pi / N-based phase shift keying (PSK) modulation scheme.

[0142] Clause 71. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 70, wherein: N is 8, M is 8, and the pi / N-based PSK modulation scheme comprises a pi / 8 octal PSK (PI / 8PSK8) modulation scheme.

[0143] Clause 72. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 71, wherein the first set of constellation points comprises constellation points of an octal PSK (PSK8) modulation scheme.

[0144] Clause 73. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 67, wherein the pi / N-based modulation scheme is a pi / N-based quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme.

[0145] Clause 74. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 73, wherein: N is 4, M is 16, and the pi / N-based QAM modulation scheme comprises a pi / 4 16QAM (PI / 4QAM16) modulation scheme.

[0146] Clause 75. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 74, wherein the first set of constellation points comprises constellation points of a 16QAM modulation scheme.

[0147] Clause 76. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of clauses 67 to 75, wherein the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are transmitted by a power amplifier of the wireless communication device.

[0148] Clause 77. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of clauses 67 to 76, wherein the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are sent using a raised root cosine (RRC) roll-off factor between 70% and 80%.

[0149] Clause 78. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to any one of clauses 67 to 77, wherein the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols transmitted on the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points, respectively, generate a zero crossing avoidance region at the center of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points.

[0150] Clause 79. A non-transitory computer-readable medium stores computer-executable instructions which, when executed by a wireless communication device, cause the wireless communication device to perform the following operations: receive a first set of symbols from a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points of a modulation scheme based on pi / N; and receive a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points of the modulation scheme based on pi / N, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein the symbols of the first set of symbols alternate with the symbols of the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

[0151] Clause 80. A non-transitory computer-readable medium as described in clause 79, wherein: the first set of symbols consists of M odd-numbered symbols from a plurality of symbols, and the second set of symbols consists of M even-numbered symbols from the plurality of symbols.

[0152] Clause 81. A non-transitory computer-readable medium according to clause 79, wherein: the first set of symbols consists of M even-numbered symbols from a plurality of symbols, and the second set of symbols consists of M odd-numbered symbols from the plurality of symbols.

[0153] Clause 82. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of clauses 79 to 81, wherein the pi / N-based modulation scheme is a pi / N-based phase shift keying (PSK) modulation scheme.

[0154] Clause 83. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 82, wherein: N is 8, M is 8, and the pi / N-based PSK modulation scheme comprises a pi / 8 octal PSK (PI / 8PSK8) modulation scheme.

[0155] Clause 84. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 83, wherein the first set of constellation points comprises constellation points of an octal PSK (PSK8) modulation scheme.

[0156] Clause 85. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 79, wherein the pi / N-based modulation scheme is a pi / N-based quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme.

[0157] Clause 86. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 85, wherein: N is 4, M is 16, and the pi / N-based QAM modulation scheme comprises a pi / 4 16QAM (PI / 4QAM16) modulation scheme.

[0158] Clause 87. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of clause 86, wherein the first set of constellation points comprises constellation points of a 16QAM modulation scheme.

[0159] Clause 88. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of clauses 79 to 87, wherein the first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are received using a raised root cosine (RRC) roll-off factor between 70% and 80%.

[0160] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0161] In addition, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, the above has been generally described according to the functionality of various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits and steps. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on specific applications and the design constraints imposed on the entire system. The technician can implement the described functionality in an alternative manner for each specific application, but such implementation decision should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0162] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in an alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

[0163] The methods, sequences and / or algorithms described in conjunction with the various aspects disclosed herein may be directly embodied in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The software module may reside in a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a register, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be integrated into a processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. The ASIC may reside in a user terminal (e.g., UE). In an alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside in a user terminal as discrete components.

[0164] In one or more example aspects, the functions may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on a computer-readable medium or transmitted via a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or codes. Computer-readable media include both computer storage media and communication media, and communication media include any media that facilitate the transmission of a computer program from one location to another. Storage media may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. For example, but not limited to, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store a desired program code in the form of an instruction or data structure and can be accessed by a computer. Moreover, any connection is appropriately referred to as a computer-readable medium. For example, if software is sent from a website, server or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio and microwaves, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio and microwaves are included in the definition of the medium. As used herein, disk and disc include compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and Blu-ray disc, where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0165] Although the foregoing disclosure shows the illustrative aspects of the present disclosure, it should be noted that various changes and modifications may be made herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims. In addition, the functions, steps and / or actions of the method claims according to the various aspects of the disclosure described herein do not need to be performed in any particular order. In addition, although the elements of the present disclosure may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural form is conceivable unless it is explicitly stated to be limited to the singular.

Claims

1. A method of wireless communication performed by a wireless communication device, comprising: transmitting a first set of symbols of a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points of a modulation scheme based on pi / N; and Sending a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points of the pi / N-based modulation scheme, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols in the first set of symbols alternate with symbols in the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first symbol set consists of M odd-numbered symbols among the plurality of symbols, and The second symbol set consists of M even-numbered symbols among the plurality of symbols.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first symbol set consists of M even-numbered symbols among the plurality of symbols, and The second symbol set consists of M odd-numbered symbols among the plurality of symbols.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The pi / N-based modulation scheme is a pi / N-based phase shift keying (PSK) modulation scheme.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein: N is 8, M is 8, and The pi / N-based PSK modulation scheme includes a pi / 8 octal PSK (PI / 8PSK8) modulation scheme.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein: The first set of constellation points includes constellation points of an octal PSK (PSK8) modulation scheme.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The pi / N-based modulation scheme is a pi / N-based Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) modulation scheme.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: N is 4, M is 16, and The pi / N-based QAM modulation scheme includes a pi / 4 16QAM (PI / 4QAM16) modulation scheme.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: The first constellation point set includes constellation points of a 16QAM modulation scheme.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are transmitted by a power amplifier of the wireless communication device.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are sent using a raised root cosine (RRC) roll-off factor between 70% and 80%.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The first set of symbols and the second set of symbols transmitted on the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points, respectively, generate a zero-crossing avoidance region at the center of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points.

13. A method of wireless communication performed by a wireless communication device, comprising: receiving a first set of symbols from among a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points of a pi / N based modulation scheme; and Receive a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points of the pi / N-based modulation scheme, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols in the first set of symbols alternate with symbols in the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The first symbol set consists of M odd-numbered symbols among the plurality of symbols, and The second symbol set consists of M even-numbered symbols among the plurality of symbols.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein: The first symbol set consists of M even-numbered symbols among the plurality of symbols, and The second symbol set consists of M odd-numbered symbols among the plurality of symbols.

16. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The pi / N-based modulation scheme is a pi / N-based phase shift keying (PSK) modulation scheme.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein: N is 8, M is 8, and The pi / N-based PSK modulation scheme includes a pi / 8 octal PSK (PI / 8PSK8) modulation scheme.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein: The first set of constellation points includes constellation points of an octal PSK (PSK8) modulation scheme.

19. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The pi / N-based modulation scheme is a pi / N-based Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) modulation scheme.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein: N is 4, M is 16, and The pi / N-based QAM modulation scheme includes a pi / 4 16QAM (PI / 4QAM16) modulation scheme.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein: The first constellation point set includes constellation points of a 16QAM modulation scheme.

22. The method according to claim 13, wherein: The first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are received using a raised root cosine (RRC) roll-off factor between 70% and 80%.

23. A wireless communication device, comprising: Memory; at least one transceiver; as well as at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: transmitting, via the at least one transceiver, a first set of symbols of a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points of a pi / N-based modulation scheme; and A second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols is transmitted via the at least one transceiver, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points of the pi / N-based modulation scheme, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols in the first set of symbols alternate with symbols in the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

24. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein: The first symbol set consists of M odd-numbered symbols among the plurality of symbols, and The second symbol set consists of M even-numbered symbols among the plurality of symbols.

25. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein: The first symbol set consists of M even-numbered symbols among the plurality of symbols, and The second symbol set consists of M odd-numbered symbols among the plurality of symbols.

26. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein: The pi / N-based modulation scheme is a pi / N-based phase shift keying (PSK) modulation scheme.

27. The wireless communication device of claim 26, wherein: N is 8, M is 8, and The pi / N-based PSK modulation scheme includes a pi / 8 octal PSK (PI / 8PSK8) modulation scheme.

28. The wireless communication device according to claim 27, wherein: The first set of constellation points includes constellation points of an octal PSK (PSK8) modulation scheme.

29. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein: The pi / N-based modulation scheme is a pi / N-based Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) modulation scheme.

30. The wireless communication device of claim 29, wherein: N is 4, M is 16, and The pi / N-based QAM modulation scheme includes a pi / 4 16QAM (PI / 4QAM16) modulation scheme.

31. The wireless communication device of claim 30, wherein: The first constellation point set includes constellation points of a 16QAM modulation scheme.

32. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein: The first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are transmitted by a power amplifier of the wireless communication device.

33. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein: The first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are sent using a raised root cosine (RRC) roll-off factor between 70% and 80%.

34. The wireless communication device of claim 23, wherein: The first set of symbols and the second set of symbols transmitted on the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points, respectively, generate a zero-crossing avoidance region at the center of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points.

35. A wireless communication device, comprising: Memory; at least one transceiver; as well as at least one processor communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one transceiver, the at least one processor configured to: receiving, via the at least one transceiver, a first set of symbols of a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points of a pi / N based modulation scheme; and A second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols is received via the at least one transceiver, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points of the pi / N-based modulation scheme, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols in the first set of symbols alternate with symbols in the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

36. The wireless communication device of claim 35, wherein: The first symbol set consists of M odd-numbered symbols among the plurality of symbols, and The second symbol set consists of M even-numbered symbols among the plurality of symbols.

37. The wireless communication device of claim 35, wherein: The first symbol set consists of M even-numbered symbols among the plurality of symbols, and The second symbol set consists of M odd-numbered symbols among the plurality of symbols.

38. The wireless communication device of claim 35, wherein: The pi / N-based modulation scheme is a pi / N-based phase shift keying (PSK) modulation scheme.

39. The wireless communication device of claim 38, wherein: N is 8, M is 8, and The pi / N-based PSK modulation scheme includes a pi / 8 octal PSK (PI / 8PSK8) modulation scheme.

40. The wireless communication device of claim 39, wherein: The first set of constellation points includes constellation points of an octal PSK (PSK8) modulation scheme.

41. The wireless communication device of claim 35, wherein: The pi / N-based modulation scheme is a pi / N-based Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) modulation scheme.

42. The wireless communication device of claim 41, wherein: N is 4, M is 16, and The pi / N-based QAM modulation scheme includes a pi / 4 16QAM (PI / 4QAM16) modulation scheme.

43. The wireless communication device of claim 42, wherein: The first constellation point set includes constellation points of a 16QAM modulation scheme.

44. The wireless communication device of claim 35, wherein: The first set of symbols and the second set of symbols are received using a raised root cosine (RRC) roll-off factor between 70% and 80%.

45. A wireless communication device comprising: means for transmitting a first set of symbols of a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points of a pi / N based modulation scheme; and A unit for sending a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points of the pi / N-based modulation scheme, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols in the first set of symbols alternate with symbols in the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

46. ​​A wireless communication device comprising: means for receiving a first set of symbols from among a plurality of symbols of a data stream, wherein the first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points of a pi / N based modulation scheme; and A unit for receiving a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points of the pi / N-based modulation scheme, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols in the first set of symbols alternate with symbols in the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

47. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a wireless communication device, cause the wireless communication device to: A first set of symbols from among a plurality of symbols of a data stream is transmitted, wherein: The first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points based on a pi / N modulation scheme; as well as Sending a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points of the pi / N-based modulation scheme, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols in the first set of symbols alternate with symbols in the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

48. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a wireless communication device, cause the wireless communication device to: A first set of symbols from among a plurality of symbols of a data stream is received, wherein: The first set of symbols is modulated using a first set of constellation points based on a pi / N modulation scheme; as well as Receive a second set of symbols from the plurality of symbols, wherein the second set of symbols is modulated using a second set of constellation points of the pi / N-based modulation scheme, wherein each of the first set of constellation points and the second set of constellation points consists of M constellation points, wherein the second set of constellation points is rotated from the first set of constellation points by pi / N, wherein symbols in the first set of symbols alternate with symbols in the second set of symbols, and wherein M is greater than 8.

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