Agaricus bisporus soil covering material taking sponge as main raw material and preparation method of agaricus bisporus soil covering material

Abstract

The invention discloses an agaricus bisporus soil covering material with sponge as a main raw material and a preparation method of the agaricus bisporus soil covering material, and belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation. The agaricus bisporus earthing material taking the sponge as the main raw material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by volume: 72 to 92 percent of sponge, 4 to 20 percent of soil, 1 to 2 percent of plant ash, 1 to 2 percent of mushroom sporocarp extract, 1 to 2 percent of ferment powder and 1 to 2 percent of auxiliary materials, the sponge is a porous polyurethane sponge block or porous polyurethane sponge particles. All the components in the soil covering material have a synergistic effect, and the fruiting quality of agaricus bisporus can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to an Agaricus bisporus soil covering material using sponge as a main raw material and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Agaricus bisporus, also known as white mushroom and mushroom, is the edible mushroom with the largest cultivation area, the highest level of industrialization and the largest total output in the world. It is plump, tender and tasty. It is a high-protein, high-vitamin, low-calorie and low-fat healthy food. It has the effects of enhancing immune function, enhancing human metabolism, lowering blood sugar, lowering blood pressure, anti-tumor and anti-thrombotic, and is deeply loved by consumers.

[0003] Agaricus bisporus is a grass-rotting fungus that needs to be covered with soil to stimulate mushroom production. During the cultivation process of Agaricus bisporus, Agaricus bisporus cannot form fruiting bodies without covering with soil, or the formed fruiting bodies are prone to deformity, small size, small number, low yield or no yield. The covering material contains special stimulating factors to induce the mycelium of Agaricus bisporus to grow from vegetative hyphae to reproductive hyphae, stimulating the formation of fruiting bodies. Covering with soil is a particularly important link. Covering with soil can stimulate the formation of primordium, maintain a certain humidity and temperature, and support the growth of fruiting bodies. Therefore, the choice of covering material determines the yield and quality of Agaricus bisporus.

[0004] At present, domestic and foreign factory cultivation of Agaricus bisporus mainly uses peat soil as the covering material. Peat soil has good air permeability, water retention and moisture retention, and contains beneficial microorganisms such as Bacillus and Pseudomonas. It is an ideal covering material at present. However, peat soil is a non-renewable precious resource with a small reserve. It is mainly distributed in cold areas, with inconvenient transportation and expensive material costs. Most farmers or small companies cannot obtain peat soil or peat soil is too expensive to cultivate Agaricus bisporus. They generally choose to use some cultivated soil or mixed soil and other materials instead of peat soil. There are also various innovative covering materials, such as "covering materials made from fermented beet residue and husk", "covering materials made from waste peat, etc.", etc. At present, such covering materials are only a small part of replacing peat soil or imitating peat soil to prepare covering materials, which have great disadvantages, are too limited, and do not seek innovation in essence. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a high-performance Agaricus bisporus covering material that can replace peat soil in large quantities or even completely. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a Agaricus bisporus covering material with sponge as the main raw material and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0007] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is: a soil covering material for Agaricus bisporus with sponge as the main raw material, wherein the raw materials include, by volume percentage: 72-92% of sponge, 4-20% of soil, 1-2% of plant ash, 1-2% of mushroom fruiting body extract, 1-2% of fermentation powder and 1-2% of auxiliary materials;

[0008] The sponge is a porous polyurethane sponge block or porous polyurethane sponge particles.

[0009] The components in the soil covering material of the present invention work synergistically to effectively improve the fruiting quality of Agaricus bisporus. Specifically, the sponge has good water absorption, water retention and air permeability, and can provide sufficient water for fruiting; some microorganisms in the soil, such as Pseudomonas, can promote the mycelium to twist and form primordia; the three active ingredients of plant ash, fermentation material powder and mushroom fruiting body extract mainly stimulate the rapid transformation of Agaricus bisporus mycelium from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, and have the effect of increasing the yield of Agaricus bisporus. The soil covering material of the present invention can truly improve the concentration and quality of fruiting. Moreover, the use of sponges to replace a large amount of soil such as peat soil can reduce the preparation cost.

[0010] Furthermore, the soil includes at least one of peat soil, red soil, river mud, field soil and chaff soil;

[0011] And / or, the auxiliary materials are sodium hypochlorite solution and quicklime (the two are mixed and used).

[0012] Furthermore, the volume ratio of the sodium hypochlorite solution to quicklime is 1:1; the sodium hypochlorite solution is prepared by mixing sodium hypochlorite and water in a volume ratio of 1:300.

[0013] Furthermore, the preparation step of the plant ash includes: drying the waste material after the mushrooming of Agaricus bisporus is completed and then burning it in an air atmosphere for 2-3 hours to obtain the plant ash.

[0014] Furthermore, the burning in the air atmosphere is specifically burning in an open-air air environment, preferably with a breeze. In the open-air air environment, the waste after the Agaricus bisporus mushrooming is completed can be completely burned until no carbon black remains, obtaining gray wood ash. The phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and other elements in the wood ash can promote the growth of Agaricus bisporus mycelium and provide certain nutrients for the growth of mycelium.

[0015] Furthermore, the preparation step of the mushroom fruiting body extract includes: crushing the discarded deformed Agaricus bisporus and / or the cut mycorrhizae, adding water for heating and leaching, filtering after the heating and leaching, concentrating and drying (the filtrate) to obtain the mushroom fruiting body extract.

[0016] Furthermore, the adding of water for heating and leaching includes: a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (wherein the solid is measured by dry mass), a heating and leaching temperature of 100° C., and a time of 1 hour.

[0017] The mushroom fruiting body extract obtained by hot water extraction with discarded deformed Agaricus bisporus and / or cut mycorrhiza as raw materials is an active ingredient that accelerates the induction of transformation of Agaricus bisporus from vegetative hyphae to reproductive hyphae.

[0018] Furthermore, the fermentation powder is a tertiary fermentation powder, or the fermentation powder is obtained by drying and crushing waste materials after the mushrooming of Agaricus bisporus.

[0019] The tertiary fermentation powder or the fermentation powder obtained by drying and crushing the waste after the mushrooming of Agaricus bisporus is an active ingredient that promotes the growth of mycelium.

[0020] Furthermore, the volume of the porous polyurethane sponge particles is 1-5 cm 3 .

[0021] Furthermore, the porous polyurethane sponge particles are spherical or cubic in shape.

[0022] Furthermore, the porous polyurethane sponge block has holes distributed in an array.

[0023] Furthermore, the parameters of the holes distributed in an array include:

[0024] The shape of the hole is cylindrical, the diameter of the hole is 1-3 cm, and the distance between the holes is 4-7 cm;

[0025] Alternatively, the shape of the hole is a cube, the diameter of the hole is 1-3 cm, and the distance between the holes is 4-7 cm.

[0026] The holes of the above specifications correspond to the size of commercial mushrooms of Agaricus bisporus and can meet the growth requirements of Agaricus bisporus. In addition, the holes distributed in an array can achieve the localized fruiting of Agaricus bisporus, which is beneficial to improving the fruiting quality (yield and commercial mushroom rate) of Agaricus bisporus and can make the fruiting of Agaricus bisporus more concentrated.

[0027] Furthermore, the area of ​​the porous polyurethane sponge block is consistent with the area of ​​the compost material in the Agaricus bisporus cultivation process.

[0028] Furthermore, the thickness of the porous polyurethane sponge block is 3-5 cm.

[0029] Technical solution 2 of the present invention: The method for preparing the Agaricus bisporus soil covering material using sponge as the main raw material comprises the following steps:

[0030] The soil and auxiliary materials are mixed, and the pH value of the mixture is adjusted to 7.0-7.8 and the water content is 65-70wt% to obtain standard soil; the standard soil is mixed with wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder, and then water is added to dilute and stir to obtain mud; a sponge is mixed with the mud to obtain the Agaricus bisporus covering soil material with the sponge as the main raw material.

[0031] The purpose of mixing the soil with auxiliary materials (sodium hypochlorite solution and quicklime) is to use the auxiliary materials (sodium hypochlorite solution and quicklime) to disinfect and sterilize the soil.

[0032] Furthermore, before mixing the sponge with the mud, the process also includes allowing the sponge to absorb sufficient water, specifically, soaking the sponge in water for 2 hours.

[0033] The third technical solution of the present invention: application of the Agaricus bisporus covering material with sponge as the main raw material in the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus.

[0034] According to the principle of soil covering of Agaricus bisporus, the present invention develops a new soil covering material that can replace peat soil in large quantities, can achieve targeted mushroom production, improve yield, increase commercial mushroom rate, and the soil covering material can be recycled. The soil covering material of the present invention not only meets the functions of soil covering such as water holding, heat preservation, support, and mushroom production stimulation, but also can improve the yield and quality of Agaricus bisporus, achieve targeted mushroom production, and the sponge has low cost, wide source, and convenient transportation, and has extremely high commercial value for its promotion and application, and has positive significance for reducing the excavation of peat soil resources and enhancing the ecological environment.

[0035] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0036] The present invention uses sponge as the main material to achieve the effect of replacing 72-92vol% of peat soil or other soil, and can reduce the preparation cost of the covering material. The present invention uses sponge as the main raw material, which has a wide source, low cost, easy to obtain, and can be reused, and is suitable for the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus in various places. The active ingredients (wood ash, fermentation material powder and mushroom fruiting body extract) used in the present invention are all derived from waste materials that need to be discarded, which can not only achieve waste utilization, but also these active ingredients have the effect of promoting the growth of Agaricus bisporus hyphae, promoting nutrient absorption and utilization, making the mushroom body more plump and upright, and reducing the deformity rate. The components in the covering material of the present invention work synergistically, which can effectively improve the quality of the mushroom production of Agaricus bisporus. The new covering material of the present invention can truly achieve the positioning of mushroom production and improve the concentration of mushroom production (even if the growth of Agaricus bisporus is uniform). The present invention fully meets the standard of Agaricus bisporus covering material. When it is used as the covering material of Agaricus bisporus, the yield is higher than the normal peat soil covering mode. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of positioning and punching the polyurethane sponge block in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0040] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing a particular embodiment and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. The intermediate value in any stated value or stated range, and each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0041] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials associated with the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0042] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to the skilled artisan. The present invention description and examples are exemplary only.

[0043] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0044] It should be pointed out that the matters not described in detail in the present invention are conventional operating means in the art and are not the focus of the present invention.

[0045] As a first aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a soil covering material for Agaricus bisporus with sponge as the main raw material, wherein the raw materials include, by volume percentage: 72-92% of sponge, 4-20% of soil, 1-2% of plant ash, 1-2% of mushroom fruiting body extract, 1-2% of fermentation powder and 1-2% of auxiliary materials;

[0046] The sponge is a porous polyurethane sponge block or porous polyurethane sponge particles.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soil includes at least one of peat soil, red soil, river mud, field soil and chaff soil;

[0048] And / or, the auxiliary materials are sodium hypochlorite solution and quicklime (the two are mixed and used).

[0049] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the volume ratio of the sodium hypochlorite solution to quicklime is 1:1; the sodium hypochlorite solution is prepared by mixing sodium hypochlorite and water in a volume ratio of 1:300.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation step of the plant ash includes: drying the waste material after the mushrooming of Agaricus bisporus is completed and then burning it in an air atmosphere for 2-3 hours to obtain the plant ash.

[0051] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the burning in an air atmosphere is specifically burning in an open air environment, preferably with a breeze.

[0052] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation steps of the mushroom fruiting body extract include: crushing the discarded deformed Agaricus bisporus and / or the cut mycorrhizae, adding water for heating and extraction, filtering after the heating and extraction, and concentrating and drying (the filtrate) to obtain the mushroom fruiting body extract.

[0053] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of adding water for heating and leaching includes: a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, a heating and leaching temperature of 100° C., and a time of 1 hour.

[0054] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fermentation powder is a tertiary fermentation powder, or the fermentation powder is obtained by drying and crushing waste materials after the mushrooming of Agaricus bisporus.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the volume of the porous polyurethane sponge particles is 1-5cm 3 .

[0056] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the porous polyurethane sponge particles are spherical or cubic in shape.

[0057] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the porous polyurethane sponge block has holes distributed in an array.

[0058] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the parameters of the holes distributed in an array include:

[0059] The shape of the hole is cylindrical, the diameter of the hole (i.e., hole diameter) is 1-3 cm, and the distance between the holes (i.e., hole spacing) is 4-7 cm;

[0060] Or, the shape of the hole is a cube, the diameter of the hole (ie, the side length of the hole) is 1-3 cm, and the distance between the holes (ie, the hole spacing) is 4-7 cm.

[0061] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the area of ​​the porous polyurethane sponge block (including the area of ​​the holes) is consistent with the area of ​​the compost material in the cultivation process of Agaricus bisporus.

[0062] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the porous polyurethane sponge block is 3-5 cm.

[0063] As a second aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for preparing the Agaricus bisporus soil covering material using sponge as the main raw material, comprising the following steps:

[0064] The soil and auxiliary materials are mixed, and the pH value of the mixture is adjusted to 7.0-7.8 and the water content is 65-70wt% to obtain standard soil; the standard soil is mixed with wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder, and then water is added to dilute and stir to obtain mud; a sponge is mixed with the mud to obtain the Agaricus bisporus covering soil material with the sponge as the main raw material.

[0065] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the sponge is a porous polyurethane sponge block, and the more specific preparation steps of the Agaricus bisporus covering material with the sponge as the main raw material are as follows:

[0066] (1) Preparing a porous polyurethane sponge block with holes distributed in an array: performing positioning punching on an original porous polyurethane sponge block (i.e., a porous polyurethane sponge block without holes distributed in an array, with an area consistent with the area of ​​the compost material in the cultivation process of Agaricus bisporus and a thickness of 3-5 cm) (the parameters of the positioning punching include: the shape of the hole is cylindrical, the diameter of the hole is 1-3 cm, and the spacing of the holes is 4-7 cm; or the shape of the hole is cubic, the diameter of the hole is 1-3 cm, and the spacing of the holes is 4-7 cm), to obtain a porous polyurethane sponge block with holes distributed in an array, which is used as the main raw material sponge for preparing Agaricus bisporus covering material;

[0067] (2) measuring the raw materials: measuring the porous polyurethane sponge block with holes distributed in an array (including the volume of the holes distributed in an array, i.e., the volume of the original porous polyurethane sponge block before positioning and punching), 72-92 vol%, soil, 4-20 vol%, plant ash, 1-2 vol%, mushroom fruiting body extract, 1-2 vol%, fermentation powder, and 1-2 vol% of auxiliary materials;

[0068] (3) preparing standard soil: mixing the measured peat soil and auxiliary materials, stirring evenly, and adjusting the pH value of the mixture to 7.0-7.8 and the water content to 65-70 wt % to obtain standard soil;

[0069] (4) preparing mud: mixing all the standard soil with the measured wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder, and adding water with a volume of 4.5 times the total volume of the standard soil, wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder to dilute and stir evenly to obtain mud;

[0070] (5) Preparing a Agaricus bisporus soil covering material: soaking a porous polyurethane sponge block having holes distributed in an array in pure water for 2 hours, mixing it with all the mud after fully absorbing enough water, so that all the mud is evenly adhered to the surface of the sponge block and evenly filled in the holes of the sponge block (holes distributed in an array), thereby obtaining an Agaricus bisporus soil covering material with sponge as the main raw material;

[0071] Alternatively, the sponge is porous polyurethane sponge particles, and the more specific preparation steps of the Agaricus bisporus soil covering material with the sponge as the main raw material are as follows:

[0072] (1) Sponge material selection: Select a volume of 1-5cm 3 The porous polyurethane sponge particles (spherical or cubic) are used as the main raw material sponge of the Agaricus bisporus covering material;

[0073] (2) weighing the raw materials: 72-92 vol% of porous polyurethane sponge particles, 4-20 vol% of soil, 1-2 vol% of wood ash, 1-2 vol% of mushroom fruiting body extract, 1-2 vol% of fermentation powder and 1-2 vol% of auxiliary materials;

[0074] (3) preparing standard soil: mixing the measured peat soil and auxiliary materials, stirring evenly, and adjusting the pH value of the mixture to 7.0-7.8 and the water content to 65-70 wt % to obtain standard soil;

[0075] (4) preparing mud: mixing all the standard soil with the measured wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder, and adding water with a volume of 4.5 times the total volume of the standard soil, wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder to dilute and stir evenly to obtain mud;

[0076] (5) Preparation of Agaricus bisporus covering material: soak the measured porous polyurethane sponge particles in pure water for 2 hours, mix with all the mud after fully absorbing enough water, stir evenly, and obtain the Agaricus bisporus covering material with sponge as the main raw material.

[0077] As a third aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the use of the Agaricus bisporus covering material with sponge as the main raw material in the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus.

[0078] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0079] The tertiary fermentation materials used in the following examples and comparative examples of the present invention were purchased from Jiangsu Yuguan Modern Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. Water baby (specification: spherical, diameter 0.6 mm) was purchased from the market and is composed of a water-absorbent resin. Porous gel polyurethane sponge (specification: cubic, volume 1 cm 3 ), porosity is 71.8%, density is 0.2g / cm 3 , purchased from Lishui Yunchuang Sponge Products Co., Ltd. The original porous polyurethane sponge block (specifications: 37cm×37cm×4cm, without array-distributed holes) had a porosity of 80% and a density of 0.15 g / cm 3 , purchased from Lishui Yunchuang Sponge Products Co., Ltd. Porous polyurethane sponge particles (specification: spherical, volume 2cm 3 ), porosity is 71.8%, density is 0.2g / cm 3 , purchased from Lishui Yunchuang Sponge Products Co., Ltd. The original porous polyurethane sponge block and porous polyurethane sponge particles are both loose, expanded and porous.

[0080] The peat soil used in the following embodiments, comparative examples and test examples of the present invention was collected from below 20 cm from the ground surface, exposed to the sun for 2 days after being dug out, and passed through a 3 mm sieve.

[0081] The sodium hypochlorite solution used in the following examples and comparative examples of the present invention is prepared by mixing sodium hypochlorite and water in a volume ratio of 1:300.

[0082] The preparation method of the plant ash used in the following examples and comparative examples of the present invention is: the waste material after the mushrooming of Agaricus bisporus is dried in the sun and then burned in an open air environment for 3 hours to obtain the plant ash.

[0083] The preparation method of the mushroom fruiting body extract used in the following embodiments and comparative examples of the present invention is as follows: the discarded deformed Agaricus bisporus is air-dried and then crushed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a powder, water is added to the powder at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10, and then heated and extracted at a temperature of 100° C. for 1 hour. After the heating and extraction is completed, the mixture is filtered and the filtrate is concentrated and dried to obtain the mushroom fruiting body extract.

[0084] The preparation method of the fermentation powder used in the following examples and comparative examples of the present invention is as follows: the waste material after the mushrooming of Agaricus bisporus is dried at 100° C., and then crushed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the fermentation powder.

[0085] Example 1

[0086] A Agaricus bisporus soil covering material using sponge as a main raw material, the preparation steps are as follows:

[0087] (1) Preparation of a porous polyurethane sponge block having holes distributed in an array

[0088] The original porous polyurethane sponge block with a size of 37 cm × 37 cm × 4 cm was punched with holes in a cylindrical shape, with a hole diameter of 3 cm and a hole spacing of 5 cm (the schematic diagram of the positioning punching is shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown), a porous polyurethane sponge block with holes distributed in an array is obtained, which is used as the main raw material sponge for Agaricus bisporus covering material.

[0089] (2) Measure each raw material

[0090] The raw materials are measured according to the raw material ratio of 90 vol% of a porous polyurethane sponge block with holes distributed in an array (including the volume of the holes distributed in an array, i.e., based on the volume of the sponge block being 37 cm×37 cm×4 cm), 4 vol% of peat soil, 2 vol% of wood ash, 1 vol% of mushroom fruiting body extract, 1 vol% of fermentation powder, 1 vol% of sodium hypochlorite solution and 1 vol% of quicklime.

[0091] (3) Preparation of standard soil

[0092] The peat soil, sodium hypochlorite solution and quicklime were mixed and stirred evenly, and the pH value of the mixture was adjusted to 7.5 and the water content to 65wt% to obtain standard soil.

[0093] (4) Preparation of mud

[0094] Mix all the standard soil with the measured wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder, and add water with a volume of 4.5 times the total volume of the standard soil, wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder to dilute and stir evenly to obtain mud.

[0095] (5) Preparation of Agaricus bisporus soil covering material

[0096] A porous polyurethane sponge block with holes distributed in an array is soaked in pure water for 2 hours, and after fully absorbing enough water, it is mixed with all the mud, so that all the mud is evenly adhered to the surface of the sponge block and evenly filled in the holes of the sponge block, thereby obtaining an Agaricus bisporus covering material with sponge as the main raw material.

[0097] Example 2

[0098] A Agaricus bisporus soil covering material using sponge as a main raw material, the preparation steps are as follows:

[0099] (1) Preparation of a porous polyurethane sponge block having holes distributed in an array

[0100] The original porous polyurethane sponge block with a size of 37 cm × 37 cm × 4 cm was punched with holes in a cylindrical shape, with a hole diameter of 3 cm and a hole spacing of 5 cm (the schematic diagram of the positioning punching is shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown), a porous polyurethane sponge block with holes distributed in an array is obtained, which is used as the main raw material sponge for Agaricus bisporus covering material.

[0101] (2) Measure each raw material

[0102] The raw materials are measured according to the raw material ratio of 80 vol% of a porous polyurethane sponge block with holes distributed in an array (including the volume of the holes distributed in an array, i.e., based on the volume of the sponge block being 37 cm×37 cm×4 cm), 14 vol% of peat soil, 2 vol% of wood ash, 1 vol% of mushroom fruiting body extract, 1 vol% of fermentation powder, 1 vol% of sodium hypochlorite solution and 1 vol% of quicklime.

[0103] (3) Preparation of standard soil

[0104] The peat soil, sodium hypochlorite solution and quicklime were mixed and stirred evenly, and the pH value of the mixture was adjusted to 7.5 and the water content to 65wt% to obtain standard soil.

[0105] (4) Preparation of mud

[0106] Mix all the standard soil with the measured wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder, and add water with a volume of 4.5 times the total volume of the standard soil, wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder to dilute and stir evenly to obtain mud.

[0107] (5) Preparation of Agaricus bisporus soil covering material

[0108] A porous polyurethane sponge block with holes distributed in an array is soaked in pure water for 2 hours, and after fully absorbing enough water, it is mixed with all the mud, so that all the mud is evenly adhered to the surface of the sponge block and evenly filled in the holes of the sponge block, thereby obtaining an Agaricus bisporus covering material with sponge as the main raw material.

[0109] Example 3

[0110] A Agaricus bisporus soil covering material using sponge as a main raw material, the preparation steps are as follows:

[0111] (1) Selection of sponge raw materials

[0112] Select a volume of 2 cm 3 The spherical porous polyurethane sponge particles are used as the main raw material sponge of Agaricus bisporus covering material.

[0113] (2) Measure each raw material

[0114] The raw materials are measured according to the raw material ratio of 90 vol% of porous polyurethane sponge particles, 4 vol% of peat soil, 2 vol% of wood ash, 1 vol% of mushroom fruiting body extract, 1 vol% of fermentation powder, 1 vol% of sodium hypochlorite solution and 1 vol% of quicklime.

[0115] (3) Preparation of standard soil

[0116] The peat soil, sodium hypochlorite solution and quicklime were mixed and stirred evenly, and the pH value of the mixture was adjusted to 7.5 and the water content to 65wt% to obtain standard soil.

[0117] (4) Preparation of mud

[0118] Mix all the standard soil with the measured wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder, and add water with a volume of 4.5 times the total volume of the standard soil, wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder to dilute and stir evenly to obtain mud.

[0119] (5) Preparation of Agaricus bisporus soil covering material

[0120] The measured porous polyurethane sponge particles are soaked in pure water for 2 hours, and after fully absorbing enough water, they are mixed with all the mud and stirred evenly to obtain the Agaricus bisporus covering material with the sponge as the main raw material.

[0121] Example 4

[0122] A Agaricus bisporus soil covering material using sponge as a main raw material, the preparation steps are as follows:

[0123] (1) Selection of sponge raw materials

[0124] Select a volume of 2 cm 3 The spherical porous polyurethane sponge particles are used as the main raw material sponge of Agaricus bisporus covering material.

[0125] (2) Measure each raw material

[0126] The raw materials are measured according to the raw material ratio of 80 vol% of porous polyurethane sponge particles, 14 vol% of peat soil, 2 vol% of wood ash, 1 vol% of mushroom fruiting body extract, 1 vol% of fermentation powder, 1 vol% of sodium hypochlorite solution and 1 vol% of quicklime.

[0127] (3) Preparation of standard soil

[0128] The peat soil, sodium hypochlorite solution and quicklime were mixed and stirred evenly, and the pH value of the mixture was adjusted to 7.5 and the water content to 65wt% to obtain standard soil.

[0129] (4) Preparation of mud

[0130] Mix all the standard soil with the measured wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder, and add water with a volume of 4.5 times the total volume of the standard soil, wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder to dilute and stir evenly to obtain mud.

[0131] (5) Preparation of Agaricus bisporus soil covering material

[0132] The measured porous polyurethane sponge particles are soaked in pure water for 2 hours, and after fully absorbing enough water, they are mixed with all the mud and stirred evenly to obtain the Agaricus bisporus covering material with the sponge as the main raw material.

[0133] Comparative Example 1

[0134] The preparation steps of the covering material with peat soil as the main raw material are as follows:

[0135] (1) Measure each raw material

[0136] The raw materials were measured according to the raw material ratio of 94 vol% of peat soil, 2 vol% of wood ash, 1 vol% of mushroom fruiting body extract, 1 vol% of fermentation powder, 1 vol% of sodium hypochlorite solution and 1 vol% of quicklime.

[0137] (2) Preparation of covering materials

[0138] The peat soil, wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract, fermentation powder, sodium hypochlorite solution and quicklime are mixed and stirred evenly, and the pH value of the mixture is adjusted to 7.5 and the water content is adjusted to 65wt% to obtain a covering material.

[0139] Comparative Example 2

[0140] The preparation steps of the soil covering material with water baby as the main raw material are as follows:

[0141] (1) Measure each raw material

[0142] The raw materials are measured according to the raw material ratio of 80 vol% of water baby (spherical, with a diameter of 0.6 mm), 14 vol% of peat soil, 2 vol% of wood ash, 1 vol% of mushroom fruiting body extract, 1 vol% of fermentation powder, 1 vol% of sodium hypochlorite solution and 1 vol% of quicklime.

[0143] (2) Preparation of standard soil

[0144] The peat soil, sodium hypochlorite solution and quicklime were mixed and stirred evenly, and the pH value of the mixture was adjusted to 7.5 and the water content to 65wt% to obtain standard soil.

[0145] (3) Preparation of mud

[0146] Mix all the standard soil with the measured wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder, and add water with a volume of 4.5 times the total volume of the standard soil, wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder to dilute and stir evenly to obtain mud.

[0147] (4) Preparation of covering materials

[0148] Soak the measured water baby in pure water for 2 hours, mix it with all the mud after it fully absorbs enough water, stir it evenly, and obtain the covering material with water baby as the main raw material.

[0149] Comparative Example 3

[0150] The preparation steps of the soil covering material with porous gel polyurethane sponge as the main raw material are as follows:

[0151] (1) Measure each raw material

[0152] A porous gel polyurethane sponge (cubic shape, volume 1cm 3 )80vol%, peat soil 14vol%, wood ash 2vol%, mushroom fruiting body extract 1vol%, fermentation powder 1vol%, sodium hypochlorite solution 1vol% and quicklime 1vol% are measured in the raw material ratio.

[0153] (2) Preparation of standard soil

[0154] The peat soil, sodium hypochlorite solution and quicklime were mixed and stirred evenly, and the pH value of the mixture was adjusted to 7.5 and the water content to 65wt% to obtain standard soil.

[0155] (3) Preparation of mud

[0156] Mix all the standard soil with the measured wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder, and add water with a volume of 4.5 times the total volume of the standard soil, wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder to dilute and stir evenly to obtain mud.

[0157] (4) Preparation of covering materials

[0158] The porous gel polyurethane sponge is soaked in pure water for 2 hours, and after fully absorbing enough water, it is mixed with all the mud and stirred evenly to obtain a covering material with the porous gel polyurethane sponge as the main raw material.

[0159] Comparative Example 4

[0160] The same as Example 1, except that the same volume amount of wood ash is replaced by fermentation powder, that is, the use of wood ash is omitted, and the amount of fermentation powder is 3 vol%.

[0161] Comparative Example 5

[0162] The same as Example 1, except that the same volume amount of fermentation powder is replaced by wood ash, that is, the use of fermentation powder is omitted, and the amount of wood ash is 3 vol%.

[0163] Comparative Example 6

[0164] The same as Example 1, except that the same volume amount of mushroom fruiting body extract is replaced by fermentation powder, that is, the use of mushroom fruiting body extract is omitted, and the amount of fermentation powder is 2 vol%.

[0165] Test Example 1

[0166] Experiment on cultivation of Agaricus bisporus

[0167] The cultivation test of Agaricus bisporus was carried out using the soil covering materials prepared in each embodiment and each comparative example as the soil covering materials for the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus. Specifically, a pot with a specification of 37cm×37cm×13cm was used as a mushroom container, and each pot was filled with 4kg of three fermentation materials, and each treatment was repeated 5 times. On August 1, 2024, the three fermentation materials were placed in the pot, 4kg per pot, and covered with black film; the soil covering materials were prepared according to the preparation methods of each embodiment and comparative example. On August 3, 2024, the black film was uncovered and the soil covering material was covered on the surface of the three fermentation materials in the pot. The soil covering material with a porous polyurethane sponge block with holes distributed in an array as the main raw material was directly covered on the surface of the three fermentation materials. The soil covering materials prepared in other embodiments and comparative examples were covered on the surface of the three fermentation materials with a thickness of 4cm. The mushroom management was strictly carried out in accordance with the factory standard. On August 9, 2024, the cooling stimulation and bud urging were started, and the temperature was reduced by 2°C every day, and the temperature was kept constant after it dropped to 17°C±1°C. The first wave of mushrooms was harvested from August 22 to August 26, 2024, and the second wave of mushrooms was harvested from September 15 to September 20, 2024. The fruiting body yield, commercial mushroom rate (commercial mushroom standard: cap diameter of 4-6 cm, round and full mushroom shape, uniform color, not yet opened, elastic), mushroom fruiting time and harvesting duration of Agaricus bisporus under different covering materials were recorded, and the results were taken as the average of 5 repetitions. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

[0168] Table 1 Average single pot yield and commercial mushroom rate of different soil covering materials

[0169]

[0170]

[0171] As can be seen from Table 1, the yield of the first tide of Agaricus bisporus is quite different from the yield of the second tide, and the yield of the first tide is greater than the yield of the second tide. When the covering material prepared by Example 4 is used, the total yield of the two tides is the highest, which is 1556g; when the covering material prepared by Comparative Example 2 is used, the total yield of the two tides is the lowest, which is 1478g. The commercial mushroom rate of the first tide of Agaricus bisporus is significantly different from the commercial mushroom rate of the second tide. The highest average commercial mushroom rate of the two tides is Example 1, which uses a porous polyurethane sponge block with holes distributed in an array as the main raw material, which is 89.60%. It is proved that the covering material of the present invention can effectively increase the yield and commercial mushroom rate of Agaricus bisporus.

[0172] In addition, by comparing the data of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 4-6, it can be found that the addition of different active ingredients in the covering material has a greater impact on the yield and commercial mushroom rate of Agaricus bisporus. Adding the three active ingredients of wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder at the same time has a significant effect on promoting the yield. Omitting any one of the active ingredients reduces the yield and commercial mushroom rate of Agaricus bisporus, proving that the combination of the three has the best advantage.

[0173] Table 2 Mushroom fruiting time and harvest duration of different covering materials

[0174]

[0175] Note: "Mushroom fruiting time / d" refers to the number of days after covering the soil when mushrooms fruit.

[0176] It can be seen from Table 2 that, except for Example 1-2, which uses a porous polyurethane sponge block with holes distributed in an array as the main raw material, the first wave of mushrooms began to emerge on the 20th day after covering the soil, and the harvest began on August 23, 2024; the other treatments all began to produce the first wave of mushrooms on the 19th day after covering the soil, and the harvest began on August 22, 2024. The first wave of mushrooms treated with Comparative Examples 1 and 4 can be harvested in 5 days, while the other treatments are shorter than 5 days, and the fastest harvest time is 2 days; the second wave of mushrooms treated with Comparative Examples 1 and 4 can be harvested in 3 days, while the other treatments are shorter than 3 days, and the fastest harvest time is 1 day; in addition, using the same cultivation management and environmental control measures, the first wave of mushroom production time for Comparative Examples 2 and 3 is the same as that for Comparative Example 1, and the first wave of harvest duration is 1 day shorter than that for Comparative Example 1, and the second wave of mushroom production time is 1 day slower than that for Comparative Example 1, but the harvest duration is longer than that for Comparative Example 1. The treatment of Example 1 is 1 day shorter than that of Example 1; the fruiting time of Examples 1 and 2 is slower than that of other treatments, but the first wave of harvesting lasts for only 2 days, and the fruiting is more concentrated than that of other treatments; the first wave of harvesting of Examples 3 and 4 is significantly shorter than that of Examples 1 and 2, and the second wave of harvesting of Examples 1-4 is consistent; the fruiting time of Comparative Examples 4-6 is the same, and the fruiting time is significantly earlier than that of Example 1 by 1-2 days, but the harvesting duration of Comparative Examples 4-6 is longer than that of Example 1. The above results show that after using two polymer materials, water baby and porous gel polyurethane sponge, to replace part of the peat soil, the tide-changing time of Agaricus bisporus cultivation is slightly extended, but the fruiting is slightly concentrated; and the concentration of mushrooms is significantly better than that of the treatment of replacing part of the peat soil with water baby and porous gel polyurethane sponge materials, which are the main raw materials of the covering material.

[0177] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A Agaricus bisporus soil covering material with sponge as the main raw material, characterized in that: Calculated by volume percentage, the raw materials include: 72-92% of sponge, 4-20% of soil, 1-2% of plant ash, 1-2% of mushroom fruiting body extract, 1-2% of fermentation powder and 1-2% of auxiliary materials; The sponge is a porous polyurethane sponge block or porous polyurethane sponge particles.

2. The Agaricus bisporus soil covering material with sponge as the main raw material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The soil comprises at least one of peat soil, red soil, river mud, field soil and chaff soil; And / or, the auxiliary materials are sodium hypochlorite solution and quicklime.

3. The Agaricus bisporus soil covering material with sponge as the main raw material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation step of the plant ash comprises: drying the waste material after the mushrooming of Agaricus bisporus is completed and then burning it in air atmosphere for 2-3 hours to obtain the plant ash.

4. The Agaricus bisporus soil covering material with sponge as the main raw material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation steps of the mushroom fruiting body extract include: crushing the discarded deformed Agaricus bisporus and / or the cut mycorrhizae, adding water for heating and leaching, filtering, concentrating and drying after the heating and leaching, and obtaining the mushroom fruiting body extract.

5. The Agaricus bisporus soil covering material with sponge as the main raw material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The fermentation powder is a tertiary fermentation powder, or the fermentation powder is obtained by drying and crushing waste materials after the mushrooming of Agaricus bisporus is completed.

6. The Agaricus bisporus soil covering material with sponge as the main raw material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The volume of the porous polyurethane sponge particles is 1-5 cm 3 .

7. The Agaricus bisporus soil covering material with sponge as the main raw material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The porous polyurethane sponge block has holes distributed in an array.

8. The Agaricus bisporus soil covering material with sponge as the main raw material as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The parameters of the holes distributed in an array include: The shape of the hole is cylindrical, the diameter of the hole is 1-3 cm, and the distance between the holes is 4-7 cm; Alternatively, the shape of the hole is a cube, the diameter of the hole is 1-3 cm, and the distance between the holes is 4-7 cm.

9. The method for preparing Agaricus bisporus soil covering material with sponge as main raw material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The soil and auxiliary materials are mixed, and the pH value of the mixture is adjusted to 7.0-7.8 and the water content is 65-70wt% to obtain standard soil; the standard soil is mixed with wood ash, mushroom fruiting body extract and fermentation powder, and then water is added to dilute and stir to obtain mud; a sponge is mixed with the mud to obtain the Agaricus bisporus covering soil material with the sponge as the main raw material.

10. Use of the Agaricus bisporus covering material with sponge as the main raw material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 in the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus.

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