Yield-increasing and early-maturing cultivation method for selenium-rich peanuts in sand land

Abstract

The invention relates to a yield-increasing and early-maturing cultivation method for selenium-rich peanuts in sand land, and belongs to the technical field of peanut planting, and the method comprises the steps of variety selection, seed treatment, land selection, stubble selection and soil preparation, sowing, fertilization, field treatment and harvesting. The soil environment can keep high effective selenium content for a long time, so that absorption of peanuts is facilitated. Selenium fertilizer is applied to promote fruit maturation, and high-content pesticide is applied to promote continuous maturation of the fruits. The height control agent has the effect of inhibiting late spindling of peanut seedlings from fruit maturation. The method has the characteristics of high selenium enrichment efficiency, high selenium element utilization rate, prematurity and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of peanut planting, and in particular to a method for increasing the yield and early maturing of selenium-enriched peanuts in sandy land. Background Art

[0002] Peanut is one of the important oil crops in my country and the main cash crop in Liaoning. It is called "longevity fruit" by the people because of its high nutritional value, can reduce human cholesterol, delay premature aging, anti-aging and other functions. At the same time, peanuts have a strong ability to enrich selenium. 69.29% of the total selenium in peanuts is protein-bound selenium, which is converted from inorganic selenium enriched in the environment. Therefore, selenium-rich peanuts can be eaten and used as a good plant source of selenium. Northwest Liaoning is the main peanut producing area in Liaoning and the main battlefield of the Korqin Sandy Land Elimination War. Large-scale production and planting of peanuts also need to solve ecological problems such as exposed surface and severe wind erosion of sandy farmland after harvest. Maintaining agricultural production and ecological construction need to be carried out simultaneously. Based on the existing preliminary technical research and test screening, the vegetation of farmland crops can be rebuilt by planting forage grass after peanut harvest to effectively prevent and control wind erosion and desertification of sandy farmland. However, forage grass planting needs to have enough seedling growth to facilitate safe wintering, which requires early maturity in peanut planting technology and economic benefits. This technology can effectively solve this problem through the application of selenium-rich nutrient fertilizers and drug-controlled treatment, which is of great significance to the high-quality production of peanuts and ecological construction in sandy areas. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims to solve the above technical problems and provides a method for increasing the yield and early maturing of selenium-enriched peanuts in sandy land.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0005] A method for increasing yield and early maturity of selenium-enriched peanuts in sandy land comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1. Variety selection:

[0007] Choose early-maturing varieties suitable for planting and promotion in sandy land, and select peanut seeds that are free of pests and diseases, have large and uniform fruits, and are plump and large after shelling;

[0008] S2. Seed treatment:

[0009] Soak the selected peanut seeds in warm water at 30-45℃ for 5-6 hours, add seed coating agent to the peanut seeds, use indoor plastic film germination method, build a rectangular trough with a height of one meter with adobe indoors, put about half a foot of wheat straw at the bottom and around the trough and wet it, then scoop the soaked peanut seeds into a basket and put them in the trough, seal the trough surface with plastic film to keep warm, and germinate after 20-24 hours;

[0010] S3. Site selection, crop selection and land preparation:

[0011] Select flat, loose, fertile sandy loam arable land, implement crop rotation with gramineous crops for more than four years, and deep plow the arable land;

[0012] S4. Seeding:

[0013] When the local temperature is stable above 10-15℃, you can sow the seeds from May 12 to 15;

[0014] S5. Fertilization:

[0015] Apply seed fertilizer once and nutrient fertilizer three times. The seed fertilizer is a slow-release compound fertilizer of 38-42 kg / mu applied together with the seeds during sowing. The nutrient fertilizer is a foliar spray of liquid selenium fertilizer of 1000 ml / mu. During the last spraying of nutrient fertilizer, drug control is performed.

[0016] S6. Field management:

[0017] Carry out seedling replacement and replanting after emergence, weed control, weed management, peanut main stem height control and pest and disease control;

[0018] S7. Harvest:

[0019] The seeds are harvested when the bottom leaves turn yellow and some stems and leaves dry up. After harvesting, they need to be dried and settled to improve seed maturity.

[0020] Preferably, when selecting a variety, choose a sunny morning, spread the peanuts in a ventilated sunny place to dry for 2-3 days, and then peel them.

[0021] Preferably, the peanut seeds are made of Baisha 308.

[0022] Preferably, the deep plowing is performed after the previous crop is harvested to thicken the active soil layer, with a plowing depth of 20-25 cm, with the upper part being hollow and the lower part being solid without clods, the depth being consistent, the ground being flat and the soil being broken, the field water holding capacity being increased, the ventilation and water permeability being improved, and deep plowing combined with additional application of farmyard manure to supplement the organic matter of the tillage layer soil.

[0023] Preferably, the sowing is carried out by manual hole sowing or mechanical sowing; manual sowing can achieve uniform depth, uniform plant spacing, no missed seeds, and compaction after sowing to prevent them from running; mechanical sowing can be carried out at a uniform speed, the seeds are sown evenly, the depth is consistent, no missed seeds or re-seeding are achieved, and the soil is covered and compacted after sowing.

[0024] Preferably, the fertilization is carried out three times, on July 4, July 21 and August 8 respectively.

[0025] Preferably, the drug is 10% emulsifiable concentrate of uniconazole.

[0026] After adopting the above method, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0027] The present invention uses selenium in selenium-containing organic fertilizer to be slowly released into the soil solution, so that the soil environment maintains a high effective selenium content for a long time, which is beneficial to the absorption of peanuts. Applying selenium fertilizer can promote fruit ripening, and at the same time, applying height-controlling medicine can promote the continued ripening of fruits. The height-controlling medicine has the effect of inhibiting the late leggy growth of peanut vines and turning them into fruit ripening. It has the characteristics of high selenium enrichment efficiency, high selenium utilization rate, early maturity, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or technical descriptions will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a comparative schematic diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0031] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0032] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the full text.

[0033] Combined with Figure 1 A method for increasing the yield and early maturity of selenium-enriched peanuts in sandy land comprises the following steps:

[0034] S1. Variety selection:

[0035] Choose early-maturing varieties suitable for planting and promotion in sandy land, and select peanut seeds that are free of pests and diseases, have large and uniform fruits, and are plump and large after shelling;

[0036] S2. Seed treatment:

[0037] Soak the selected peanut seeds in warm water at 30-45℃ for 5-6 hours, add seed coating agent to the peanut seeds, use indoor plastic film germination method, build a rectangular trough with a height of one meter with adobe indoors, put about half a foot of wheat straw at the bottom and around the trough and wet it, then scoop the soaked peanut seeds into a basket and put them in the trough, seal the trough surface with plastic film to keep warm, and germinate after 20-24 hours;

[0038] S3. Site selection, crop selection and land preparation:

[0039] Select flat, loose, fertile sandy loam arable land, implement crop rotation with gramineous crops for more than four years, and deep plow the arable land;

[0040] S4. Seeding:

[0041] When the local temperature is stable above 10-15℃, you can sow the seeds from May 12 to 15;

[0042] S5. Fertilization:

[0043] Apply seed fertilizer once and nutrient fertilizer three times. The seed fertilizer is a slow-release compound fertilizer of 38-42 kg / mu applied together with the seeds during sowing. The nutrient fertilizer is a foliar spray of liquid selenium fertilizer of 1000 ml / mu. During the last spraying of nutrient fertilizer, drug control is performed.

[0044] S6. Field management:

[0045] Carry out seedling replacement and replanting after emergence, weed control, weed management, peanut main stem height control and pest and disease control;

[0046] S7. Harvest:

[0047] The seeds are harvested when the bottom leaves turn yellow and some stems and leaves dry up. After harvesting, they need to be dried and settled to improve seed maturity.

[0048] When the present invention is implemented, in order to maintain the vitality of peanut seeds and ensure uniform emergence, the shelling time is preferably closer to the sowing period. After shelling, the kernels and shells are mixed in a breathable sack to prevent mildew and deterioration.

[0049] The peanut seeds are Baisha 308.

[0050] The deep plowing is to deep plow after the previous crop is harvested to thicken the active soil layer, with a plowing depth of 20-25 cm, with the upper part being hollow and the lower part being solid without clods, the depth being consistent, the ground being flat and the soil being broken, so as to increase the field water holding capacity, improve ventilation and permeability, and combine deep plowing with additional application of farmyard manure to supplement the organic matter of the tillage layer soil.

[0051] The sowing is carried out by manual hole sowing or mechanical sowing; manual sowing can achieve uniform depth, uniform plant spacing, no missed seeds, and compaction after sowing to prevent them from running; mechanical sowing can be carried out at a uniform speed, the seeds can be spread evenly, the depth is consistent, no missed seeds or re-seeding are achieved, and the soil is covered and compacted after sowing.

[0052] The mechanical sowing must be done before sowing and then covering with film, while manual sowing can be done before or after sowing and covering with film.

[0053] The fertilization was divided into three times, on July 4, July 21 and August 8 respectively.

[0054] The drug is 10% emulsifiable concentrate of chloranil.

[0055] When the present invention is implemented, the steps of field management are as follows:

[0056] Check seedlings and replant: Check the field after all seedlings are grown, and adopt transplanting or replanting methods to ensure that all seedlings are grown;

[0057] Clearing and squatting seedlings: After the seedlings are all in, use a small hoe to dig a circle half an inch around the seedling eyes, and then use your hands to gently dig out the two cotyledons to expose them to the ground;

[0058] Shoveling management: Shovel the ground after the seedlings have pushed up the soil. Shovel the ground 3 days after shoveling, and then "clear the plants". Shovel the ground 2 times 15-20 days after clearing the plants, so as to cultivate the soil without hurting the seedlings.

[0059] Before the full flowering, shovel three times. When shoveling three times, use a hoe to shovel the seedling eyes and a large hoe to shovel the sides. Pull out the weeds twice in the later stage and irrigate at the right time: the water demand is less at the two ends and more in the middle. The peak water demand is during the flowering and fruiting period, accounting for 50%-60% of the water demand during the whole growth period. Water should be irrigated in time when drought occurs. For severely drought-stricken plots, water should be irrigated from the flowering period, once every 10 days;

[0060] Timely chemical control to prevent excessive growth: To prevent lodging of peanuts in the middle and late stages, when the main stem of peanuts is 40 cm high and has a tendency to grow excessively, spray 50-100 mg / L of paclobutrazol to control excessive growth and transfer nutrients to the fruit.

[0061] When the present invention is specifically implemented, the steps of pest control are as follows:

[0062] Leaf spot: 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000-1500 times liquid, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600-800 times liquid, 70% mancozeb wettable powder 400-600 times liquid for spraying, spray once every 15 days;

[0063] Underground pests: First, mix the seeds with pesticides. Mix 30 grams of 70% cypermethrin wet seed dressing with 250 ml of water and 25-30 kilograms of peanut seeds.

[0064] Second, 4-5 kg ​​of 5% phoxim granules can be applied per mu before sowing;

[0065] The third is to use lights and manual killing of adult insects to reduce insect population density.

[0066] When the present invention is implemented, the specific methods of land selection, crop selection and land preparation are as follows:

[0067] (1) Site selection. Choose flat, loose, fertile sandy loam farmland. Avoid planting on low-lying, waterlogged, or heavy soil.

[0068] (2) Crop selection. It is advisable to select gramineous crops as the previous crop, and avoid repeated crops, consecutive crops, and crop rotation with tobacco, potatoes, sugar beets, and legumes. Rotation with gramineous crops should be carried out for more than four years.

[0069] (3) Land preparation. After the previous crop is harvested, deep plowing is carried out in early autumn to thicken the active soil layer. The plowing depth is 20-25 cm, with no clods on the top and no clods on the bottom. The depth is consistent and the soil is flat and broken to increase the field water holding capacity and improve ventilation and water permeability. Combine deep plowing with additional farmyard manure to supplement the organic matter in the tillage layer.

[0070] Embodiment 1:

[0071] In this embodiment, selenium fertilizer is applied and height is controlled.

[0072] A method for increasing yield and early maturity of selenium-enriched peanuts in sandy land comprises the following steps:

[0073] S1. Variety selection:

[0074] When choosing varieties, choose a sunny morning, spread the peanuts in a ventilated sunny place to dry for 3 days, then shell them, select the ones without pests and diseases, large fruits with full kernels, neat pods, and choose early-maturing peanut seeds (Baisha 308) with full and large kernels after shelling;

[0075] S2. Seed treatment:

[0076] Soak the selected peanut seeds in warm water at 30℃ for 5 hours, add seed coating agent to the peanut seeds, use indoor plastic film germination method, build a rectangular trough with a height of one meter with adobe indoors, put about half a foot of wheat straw at the bottom and around the trough and wet it, then scoop the soaked peanut seeds into a basket and put them in the trough, seal the trough surface with plastic film to keep warm, and germinate after 20 hours;

[0077] S3. Site selection, crop selection and land preparation:

[0078] Select flat, loose, fertile sandy loam arable land, implement crop rotation with gramineous crops for more than four years, and deep plow the arable land. Deep plowing means deep plowing after the previous crop is harvested to thicken the active soil layer. The plowing depth is 20 cm, with a hollow top and a solid bottom without clods and rocks. The depth is consistent, the ground is flat and the soil is broken. This increases the field water holding capacity and improves ventilation and permeability. Combine deep plowing with additional application of farmyard manure to supplement the organic matter in the plow layer.

[0079] S4. Seeding:

[0080] When the local temperature is stably above 10℃, sowing can be done on May 12th. Sowing should be done mechanically at a constant speed. Seeds should be spread evenly and at the same depth to ensure that no seeds are missed or re-seeded. Cover the soil and compact it after sowing.

[0081] S5. Fertilization:

[0082] Seed fertilizer and nutrient fertilizer were applied on July 4, July 21 and August 8 respectively. The seed fertilizer used was 40 kg / mu of slow-release compound fertilizer, and the nutrient fertilizer used was 1000 ml / mu of selenium fertilizer. Drug control was carried out when the seed fertilizer was applied for the last time. The drug used was 10% emulsifiable concentrate of clofosconazole.

[0083] S6. Field treatment:

[0084] Carry out transplanting or replanting, clearing and squatting, shoveling and management, controlling the height of the main stem of peanuts at 48.52 cm, and controlling diseases and insect pests;

[0085] S7. Harvest:

[0086] The seeds are harvested when the leaves turn yellow and some of the stems and leaves dry up. After harvesting, they need to be dried and settled to improve seed maturity.

[0087] Embodiment 2:

[0088] In this embodiment, selenium fertilizer is applied and the height is not controlled.

[0089] A method for increasing yield and early maturity of selenium-enriched peanuts in sandy land comprises the following steps:

[0090] S1. Variety selection:

[0091] When choosing varieties, choose a sunny morning, spread the peanuts in a ventilated sunny place to dry for 3 days, then shell them, select the ones without pests and diseases, large fruits with full kernels, neat pods, and choose early-maturing peanut seeds (Baisha 308) with full and large kernels after shelling;

[0092] S2. Seed treatment:

[0093] Soak the selected peanut seeds in warm water at 30℃ for 5 hours, add seed coating agent to the peanut seeds, use indoor plastic film germination method, build a rectangular trough with a height of one meter with adobe indoors, put about half a foot of wheat straw at the bottom and around the trough and wet it, then scoop the soaked peanut seeds into a basket and put them in the trough, seal the trough surface with plastic film to keep warm, and germinate after 20 hours;

[0094] S3. Site selection, crop selection and land preparation:

[0095] Select flat, loose, fertile sandy loam arable land, implement crop rotation with gramineous crops for more than four years, and deep plow the arable land. Deep plowing means deep plowing after the previous crop is harvested to thicken the active soil layer. The plowing depth is 20 cm, with a hollow top and a solid bottom without clods and rocks. The depth is consistent, the ground is flat and the soil is broken. This increases the field water holding capacity and improves ventilation and permeability. Combine deep plowing with additional application of farmyard manure to supplement the organic matter in the plow layer.

[0096] S4. Seeding:

[0097] When the local temperature is stably above 10℃, sowing can be done on May 12th. Sowing should be done mechanically at a constant speed. Seeds should be spread evenly and at the same depth to ensure that no seeds are missed or re-seeded. Cover the soil and compact it after sowing.

[0098] S5. Fertilization:

[0099] Seed fertilizer and nutrient fertilizer were applied on July 4, July 21 and August 8 respectively. The seed fertilizer used was 40 kg / mu of slow-release compound fertilizer, and the nutrient fertilizer used was 1000 ml / mu of selenium fertilizer. Drug control was carried out when the seed fertilizer was applied for the last time. The drug used was 10% emulsifiable concentrate of clofosconazole.

[0100] S6. Field treatment:

[0101] Carry out transplanting or replanting, clearing and squatting, shoveling and management, controlling the height of the peanut main stem to 50.25 cm, and controlling diseases and insect pests;

[0102] S7. Harvest:

[0103] The seeds are harvested when the leaves turn yellow and some of the stems and leaves dry up. After harvesting, they need to be dried and settled to improve seed maturity.

[0104] Embodiment three:

[0105] In this embodiment, no selenium fertilizer is applied and the temperature is not controlled.

[0106] A method for increasing yield and early maturity of selenium-enriched peanuts in sandy land comprises the following steps:

[0107] S1. Variety selection:

[0108] When choosing varieties, choose a sunny morning, spread the peanuts in a ventilated sunny place to dry for 3 days, then shell them, select the ones without pests and diseases, large fruits with full kernels, neat pods, and choose early-maturing peanut seeds (Baisha 308) with full and large kernels after shelling;

[0109] S2. Seed treatment:

[0110] Soak the selected peanut seeds in warm water at 30℃ for 5 hours, add seed coating agent to the peanut seeds, use indoor plastic film germination method, build a rectangular trough with a height of one meter with adobe indoors, put about half a foot of wheat straw at the bottom and around the trough and wet it, then scoop the soaked peanut seeds into a basket and put them in the trough, seal the trough surface with plastic film to keep warm, and germinate after 20 hours;

[0111] S3. Site selection, crop selection and land preparation:

[0112] Select flat, loose, fertile sandy loam arable land, implement crop rotation with gramineous crops for more than four years, and deep plow the arable land. Deep plowing means deep plowing after the previous crop is harvested to thicken the active soil layer. The plowing depth is 20 cm, with a hollow top and a solid bottom without clods and rocks. The depth is consistent, the ground is flat and the soil is broken. This increases the field water holding capacity and improves ventilation and permeability. Combine deep plowing with additional application of farmyard manure to supplement the organic matter in the plow layer.

[0113] S4. Seeding:

[0114] When the local temperature is stably above 10℃, sowing can be done on May 12th. Sowing should be done mechanically at a constant speed. Seeds should be spread evenly and at the same depth to ensure that no seeds are missed or re-seeded. Cover the soil and compact it after sowing.

[0115] S5. Fertilization:

[0116] Seed fertilizer and nutrient fertilizer were applied on July 4, July 21 and August 8 respectively. The seed fertilizer used was 40 kg / mu of slow-release compound fertilizer, and the drug used was 10% emulsifiable concentrate of clofosinate.

[0117] S6. Field treatment:

[0118] Carry out transplanting or replanting, clearing and squatting, shoveling and management, controlling the height of the peanut main stem to 51.43 cm, and controlling diseases and pests;

[0119] S7. Harvest:

[0120] The seeds are harvested when the leaves turn yellow and some of the stems and leaves dry up. After harvesting, they need to be dried and settled to improve seed maturity.

[0121] Embodiment 4:

[0122] In this embodiment, no selenium fertilizer is applied and the height is controlled.

[0123] A method for increasing yield and early maturity of selenium-enriched peanuts in sandy land comprises the following steps:

[0124] S1. Variety selection:

[0125] When choosing varieties, choose a sunny morning, spread the peanuts in a ventilated sunny place to dry for 3 days, then shell them, select the ones without pests and diseases, large fruits with full kernels, neat pods, and choose early-maturing peanut seeds (Baisha 308) with full and large kernels after shelling;

[0126] S2. Seed treatment:

[0127] Soak the selected peanut seeds in warm water at 30℃ for 5 hours, add seed coating agent to the peanut seeds, use indoor plastic film germination method, build a rectangular trough with a height of one meter with adobe indoors, put about half a foot of wheat straw at the bottom and around the trough and wet it, then scoop the soaked peanut seeds into a basket and put them in the trough, seal the trough surface with plastic film to keep warm, and germinate after 20 hours;

[0128] S3. Site selection, crop selection and land preparation:

[0129] Select flat, loose, fertile sandy loam arable land, implement crop rotation with gramineous crops for more than four years, and deep plow the arable land. Deep plowing means deep plowing after the previous crop is harvested to thicken the active soil layer. The plowing depth is 20 cm, with a hollow top and a solid bottom without clods and rocks. The depth is consistent, the ground is flat and the soil is broken. This increases the field water holding capacity and improves ventilation and permeability. Combine deep plowing with additional application of farmyard manure to supplement the organic matter in the plow layer.

[0130] S4. Seeding:

[0131] When the local temperature is stably above 10℃, sowing can be done on May 12th. Sowing should be done mechanically at a constant speed. Seeds should be spread evenly and at the same depth to ensure that no seeds are missed or re-seeded. Cover the soil and compact it after sowing.

[0132] S5. Fertilization:

[0133] Seed fertilizer and nutrient fertilizer were applied on July 4, July 21 and August 8 respectively. The seed fertilizer used was 40 kg / mu of slow-release compound fertilizer, and the drug used was 10% emulsifiable concentrate of clofosinate.

[0134] S6. Field treatment:

[0135] Carry out transplanting or replanting, clearing and squatting, shoveling and management, controlling the height of the peanut main stem at 42.05 cm, and controlling diseases and insect pests;

[0136] S7. Harvest:

[0137] The seeds are harvested when the leaves turn yellow and some of the stems and leaves dry up. After harvesting, they need to be dried and settled to improve seed maturity.

[0138] The data of Examples 1 to 4 are sorted as follows.

[0139] The plant height data are as follows:

[0140]

[0141] Ten peanut plants were randomly selected from the yield test fields of Examples 1 to 4, and the results of the peanuts were as follows:

[0142]

[0143]

[0144]

[0145] In summary: the number of mature fruits and the number of immature fruits: compared with no application of selenium fertilizer, the application of selenium fertilizer can increase the maturity rate of peanut fruits (fresh fruits 76.11%-62.80%; dry fruits 85.67%-74.15%). The application of selenium fertilizer + height control drug treatment significantly increased the weight of mature fresh fruits (498.04-442.39 grams / 10 plants) and dry fruit weight (254.47-229.60 grams / 10 plants) compared with the control treatment without selenium fertilizer and height control drug. Overall conclusion: Selenium fertilizer can promote the early maturity of peanut fruits, and height control drugs can inhibit the late leggy growth of peanut seedlings and turn them into fruit maturity.

[0146] Plant fresh weight: No selenium fertilizer had more fresh weight than selenium fertilizer, and selenium fertilizer and height control medicine had more fresh weight than selenium fertilizer, which showed that selenium fertilizer promoted ripening, and height control medicine increased plant growth and reduced leaf fall. Height control medicine can inhibit the late growth of peanut seedlings and turn them into fruit ripening.

[0147] Weight of mature and immature fruits: Among mature fruits, the fresh weight of mature fruits after applying selenium fertilizer and high-control medicine is 10.07% higher than that after applying selenium fertilizer, and the fresh weight of mature fruits after not applying selenium fertilizer and high-control medicine is 11.41% higher than that after not applying selenium fertilizer, indicating that high-control medicine increases fruit maturity, increases reproductive growth, and improves fruit maturity. Among immature fruits, the fresh weight of immature fruits without applying selenium fertilizer is 46.35% higher than that after applying selenium fertilizer and high-control medicine is 43.93% higher than that after applying selenium fertilizer and high-control medicine. The fresh weight of immature fruits after applying selenium fertilizer and high-control medicine is not much different, indicating that applying selenium fertilizer can make peanuts mature early. The more fresh weight of immature fruits after applying high-control medicine indicates that some fruits that could not become beans before have become immature fruits, promoting the reproductive growth of peanuts.

[0148] Fruit maturity rate and immature rate: For the fruit maturity rate, the maturity rate of applying selenium fertilizer is 13.31% higher than that of not applying selenium fertilizer, and 9.59% higher than that of applying selenium fertilizer and high-temperature control medicine. The difference in fruit maturity rate between applying selenium fertilizer and high-temperature control medicine and not applying selenium fertilizer and high-temperature control medicine is not big. For the immature fruit rate, the immature fruit rate of applying selenium fertilizer and high-temperature control medicine is 9.68% higher than that of applying selenium fertilizer and high-temperature control medicine, and the immature fruit rate of not applying selenium fertilizer and high-temperature control medicine is 3.32% lower than that of not applying selenium fertilizer and high-temperature control medicine. This shows that applying selenium fertilizer can promote fruit maturity, and applying high-temperature control medicine can promote the continued maturity of fruit.

[0149] The present invention and its embodiments are described above, and such description is not restrictive. What is shown in the full text is only one of the embodiments of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In short, if ordinary technicians in the field are inspired by it, without departing from the purpose of the invention, they can design a structure and embodiment similar to the technical solution without creativity, which should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for increasing yield and early maturity of selenium-enriched peanuts in sandy land, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Variety selection: Choose early-maturing varieties suitable for planting and promotion in sandy land, and select peanut seeds that are free of pests and diseases, have large and uniform fruits, and are plump and large after shelling; S2. Seed treatment: Soak the selected peanut seeds in warm water at 30-45℃ for 5-6 hours, add seed coating agent to the peanut seeds, use indoor plastic film germination method, build a rectangular trough with a height of one meter with adobe indoors, put about half a foot of wheat straw at the bottom and around the trough and wet it, then scoop the soaked peanut seeds into a basket and put them in the trough, seal the trough surface with plastic film to keep warm, and germinate after 20-24 hours; S3. Site selection, crop selection and land preparation: Select flat, loose, fertile sandy loam arable land, implement crop rotation with gramineous crops for more than four years, and deep plow the arable land; S4. Seeding: When the local temperature is stable above 10-15℃, you can sow the seeds from May 12 to 15; S5. Fertilization: Apply seed fertilizer once and nutrient fertilizer three times. The seed fertilizer is a slow-release compound fertilizer of 38-42 kg / mu applied together with the seeds during sowing. The nutrient fertilizer is a foliar spray of liquid selenium fertilizer of 1000 ml / mu. During the last spraying of nutrient fertilizer, drug control is performed. S6. Field management: Carry out seedling replacement and replanting after emergence, weed control, weed management, peanut main stem height control and pest and disease control; S7. Harvest: The seeds are harvested when the bottom leaves turn yellow and some stems and leaves dry up. After harvesting, they need to be dried and settled to improve seed maturity.

2. The method for increasing yield and early maturity of selenium-enriched peanuts in sandy land according to claim 1, characterized in that: When selecting varieties, choose a sunny morning, spread the peanuts in a ventilated sunny place to dry for 2-3 days, and then peel them.

3. A method for increasing yield and early maturity of selenium-enriched peanuts in sandy land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The peanut seeds are Baisha 308.

4. The method for increasing yield and early maturity of selenium-enriched peanuts in sandy land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep plowing is to deep plow after the previous crop is harvested to thicken the active soil layer, with a plowing depth of 20-25 cm, with the upper part being hollow and the lower part being solid without clods, the depth being consistent, the ground being flat and the soil being broken, so as to increase the field water holding capacity, improve ventilation and permeability, and combine deep plowing with additional application of farmyard manure to supplement the organic matter of the tillage layer soil.

5. The method for increasing yield and early maturity of selenium-enriched peanuts in sandy land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing is carried out by manual hole sowing or mechanical sowing; manual sowing can achieve uniform depth, uniform plant spacing, no missed seeds, and compaction after sowing to prevent them from running; mechanical sowing can be carried out at a uniform speed, the seeds can be spread evenly, the depth is consistent, no missed seeds or re-seeding are achieved, and the soil is covered and compacted after sowing.

6. A method for increasing yield and early maturity of selenium-enriched peanuts in sandy land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization was divided into three times, on July 4, July 21 and August 8 respectively.

7. A method for increasing yield and early maturing of selenium-enriched peanuts in sandy land according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drug is 10% emulsifiable concentrate of chloramphenicol.

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