Buckwheat straw silage containing plant source additive and preparation method of buckwheat straw silage

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of buckwheat feed. The invention provides buckwheat straw silage containing a botanical additive and a preparation method of the buckwheat straw silage. The buckwheat straw silage comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 900-1100 parts of buckwheat straw and 45-55 parts of the botanical additive. By researching and analyzing the influence of dandelion, purslane, houttuynia cordata and lactobacillus plantarum and combined application on the nutritional quality, fermentation quality, microbial community structure and metabolite of buckwheat straw silage, the quality of the buckwheat straw silage is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of buckwheat feed, and in particular to buckwheat straw silage containing a plant-based additive and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Phytogenic additives are a type of green feed additive made from traditional plants as raw materials, with a history of more than 2,000 years. According to the "Catalogue of Feed Raw Materials", there are as many as 115 natural plants that can be used in livestock and poultry farming, and the annual application volume accounts for about 5% of the global feed additives. Phytogenic additives are taken from plants themselves or their products, and are natural; they can effectively regulate microorganisms, enhance immunity and provide nutrition, etc.; they have low toxicity and side effects, and are not easy to develop drug resistance; they have great potential in feed preparation and animal feeding. Plant-derived materials are rich in a variety of bioactive substances, including polysaccharides, polyphenols, volatile oils, organic acids, etc., which have the functions of supplementing nutrition, improving nonspecific immunity, inhibiting or killing bacteria, producing hormone-like or vitamin-like, resisting stress and oxidation, or protecting feed from oxidation and mildew.

[0003] Dandelion contains alkaloids, glycosides, organic acids, polysaccharides, chlorogenic acid and other active substances, which have the effects of clearing away heat and detoxification, dispersing stagnation and reducing swelling, diuresis and relieving stranguria, and can improve the immunity of animals and have a broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. The chemical components of purslane mainly contain flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, fatty acids, phenols, terpenes, etc. Adding purslane to the feed can increase the dry matter intake of ruminants, improve milk quality and milk production, and enhance the body's immunity. The polysaccharides in Houttuynia cordata are mostly water-soluble sugars, mainly including glucose, arabinose and fructose, and some are xylose, galactose, rhamnose, etc. As an important active ingredient of Houttuynia cordata, polysaccharides have been proven to have a variety of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-complement activity, antibacterial, immunomodulatory and cancer cell inhibition.

[0004] Buckwheat is a plant of the genus Fagopyrum in the Polygonaceae family. It is one of the most important functional foods and traditional medicines in the world. As a waste after the harvest of buckwheat grains, most of the buckwheat straw is burned or discarded, except for some used as feed, resulting in the generation of a large amount of waste, which not only wastes resources but also pollutes the environment. Buckwheat straw is rich in lysine and tryptophan; it is also rich in minerals, including magnesium, zinc, potassium, phosphorus, copper, molybdenum, selenium and other elements, and contains bioflavonoids and other bioactive ingredients that other grains do not contain, such as rutin. The rutin content in the inflorescence of bitter buckwheat in full bloom reaches 11%, which has extremely strong antioxidant properties and multiple biological functions. It is reported that buckwheat straw contains 55% to 65% neutral detergent fiber and 35% to 45% acid detergent fiber, which is similar to many crop residues such as corn straw and rice straw. However, there is currently little information on the application of buckwheat straw in animal husbandry production. Research shows that the whole plant of buckwheat can be used as roughage for dairy cows, and fresh or ensiled buckwheat feed can partially replace corn silage without affecting feed intake, milk production and milk composition. Feeding poultry with buckwheat can accelerate and increase the growth rate and egg production rate of poultry; feeding pigs can improve pork quality. Compared with other feed crops, buckwheat has the advantages of a short growth period and strong cold resistance, and can provide a large amount of high-quality feed in a short period of time.

[0005] Therefore, vigorously developing and utilizing buckwheat straw is of great significance to the development of areas with insufficient feed supply. Reasonably increasing the development and utilization of buckwheat straw feed can not only effectively alleviate the shortage of local feed resources and solve the problem of unbalanced feed supply, but also reduce breeding costs and improve the level of local economic development. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a buckwheat straw silage containing a plant-based additive and a preparation method thereof, and to improve the quality of the buckwheat straw silage by studying and analyzing the effects of dandelion, purslane, houttuynia cordata, Lactobacillus plantarum and their combined application on the nutritional quality, fermentation quality, microbial community structure and metabolites of buckwheat straw silage.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] The invention provides buckwheat straw silage containing a plant-derived additive, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 900-1100 parts of buckwheat straw and 45-55 parts of the plant-derived additive.

[0009] Preferably, the plant-derived additive is dandelion or purslane.

[0010] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the buckwheat straw silage, comprising the following steps:

[0011] (1) chopping buckwheat straw to obtain buckwheat straw segments;

[0012] (2) mixing the buckwheat straw segments and the plant-based additive to obtain a mixed material;

[0013] (3) inoculating plant lactobacillus into the mixed material to obtain a fermented material;

[0014] (4) The fermented material is sealed and then ensiled to obtain buckwheat straw silage.

[0015] Preferably, the length of the buckwheat straw segment in step (1) is 2 to 3 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the water content of the mixture in step (2) is 65% to 70%.

[0017] Preferably, the amount of Lactobacillus plantarum in step (3) is 0.8 to 1.2 × 10 6 CFU / g.

[0018] Preferably, the silage conditions in step (4) are dark and vacuum environments, the silage temperature is 18-27° C., and the silage time is 7-60 days.

[0019] The present invention provides a buckwheat straw silage containing a plant-derived additive and a preparation method thereof, wherein the buckwheat straw silage comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 900 to 1100 parts of buckwheat straw and 45 to 55 parts of the plant-derived additive. The present invention improves the quality of buckwheat straw silage by studying and analyzing the effects of dandelion, purslane, houttuynia cordata, plant lactobacillus and their combined application on the nutritional quality, fermentation quality, microbial community structure and metabolites of buckwheat straw silage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The bacterial community structure of triticale and paper mulberry mixed silage based on phylum classification level, where CK is the control; Fresh is the fresh sample; TM is dandelion; PO is purslane; HC is Houttuynia cordata; LP is Lactobacillus plantarum; TM+LP is dandelion + Lactobacillus plantarum; PO+LP is purslane + Lactobacillus plantarum; HC+LP is Houttuynia cordata + Lactobacillus plantarum;

[0021] Firmicutes belongs to the phylum Firmicutes; Proteobacteria belongs to the phylum Proteobacteria; Bacteroidota belongs to the phylum Bacteroidetes; Actinobacteriota belongs to the phylum Actinobacteria; Planctomycetota belongs to the phylum Planctomycetes; Acidobacteriota belongs to the phylum Acidobacteria; Verrucomicrobiota belongs to the phylum Verrucomicrobiota; Patescibacteria belongs to the phylum Chloroflexi; and Gemmatimonadota belongs to the phylum Gemmatimonadota.

[0022] Figure 2 The bacterial community structure of triticale and paper mulberry mixed silage based on genus classification level, where CK is the control; Fresh is the fresh sample; TM is dandelion; PO is purslane; HC is Houttuynia cordata; LP is Lactobacillus plantarum; TM+LP is dandelion + Lactobacillus plantarum; PO+LP is purslane + Lactobacillus plantarum; HC+LP is Houttuynia cordata + Lactobacillus plantarum;

[0023] Lactiplantibacillus is a genus of Lactobacillus plantarum; Lentilactobacillus is a genus of Lactobacillus buchneri; Levilactobacillus is a genus of Lactobacillus brevis; Rosenbergiella is a genus of Rosenbergia; Pantoea is a genus of Pantoea; Paucilactobacillus is a genus of Lactobacillus oligotrophicus; Limosilactobacillus is a genus of Lactobacillus reuteri; Robbsia is a genus of Robesia; Lactococcus is a genus of Lactococcus; and Pseudomonas is a genus of Pseudomonas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The invention provides buckwheat straw silage containing a plant-derived additive, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 900-1100 parts of buckwheat straw and 45-55 parts of the plant-derived additive.

[0025] In the present invention, the number of portions of buckwheat straw is preferably 1000 portions.

[0026] In the present invention, the amount of the plant-derived additive is preferably 50 parts.

[0027] In the present invention, the plant-derived additive is preferably dandelion or purslane.

[0028] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the buckwheat straw silage, comprising the following steps:

[0029] (1) chopping buckwheat straw to obtain buckwheat straw segments;

[0030] (2) mixing the buckwheat straw segments and the plant-based additive to obtain a mixed material;

[0031] (3) inoculating plant lactobacillus into the mixed material to obtain a fermented material;

[0032] (4) The fermented material is sealed and then ensiled to obtain buckwheat straw silage.

[0033] In the present invention, the length of the buckwheat straw segment in step (1) is preferably 2 to 3 cm, more preferably 2.5 cm.

[0034] In the present invention, the water content of the mixture in step (2) is preferably 65% ​​to 70%, and more preferably 67% to 68%.

[0035] In the present invention, the amount of Lactobacillus plantarum in step (3) is preferably 0.8 to 1.2×10 6 CFU / g, more preferably 1×10 6 CFU / g.

[0036] In the present invention, the silage conditions in step (4) are preferably dark and vacuum environments, the silage temperature is preferably 18 to 27° C., more preferably, the silage time is preferably 7 to 60 days, more preferably 15 to 30 days.

[0037] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] A method for preparing buckwheat straw silage containing plant-derived additives comprises the following steps:

[0040] (1) chopping buckwheat straw into pieces to obtain buckwheat straw segments with a length of 2 cm;

[0041] (2) mixing 900 parts of buckwheat straw segments and 55 parts of dandelions to obtain a mixture with a water content of 65%;

[0042] (3) In the mixture, 0.8×10 6 The standard of CFU / g was inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum to obtain fermentation material;

[0043] (4) The fermented material was sealed in a dark, vacuum environment and silaged at 27° C. for 7 days to obtain buckwheat straw silage.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] A method for preparing buckwheat straw silage containing plant-derived additives comprises the following steps:

[0046] (1) chopping buckwheat straw into pieces to obtain buckwheat straw segments with a length of 3 cm;

[0047] (2) mixing 1100 parts of buckwheat straw segments and 45 parts of purslane to obtain a mixture with a water content of 70%;

[0048] (3) In the mixture, according to 1.2×10 6 The standard of CFU / g was inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum to obtain fermentation material;

[0049] (4) The fermented material was sealed in a dark, vacuum environment and silaged at 18° C. for 60 days to obtain buckwheat straw silage.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] A method for preparing buckwheat straw silage containing plant-derived additives comprises the following steps:

[0052] (1) chopping buckwheat straw into pieces to obtain buckwheat straw segments with a length of 2.5 cm;

[0053] (2) mixing 1000 parts of buckwheat straw segments and 50 parts of dandelions to obtain a mixture with a water content of 68%;

[0054] (3) In the mixture, according to 1×10 6 The standard of CFU / g was inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum to obtain fermentation material;

[0055] (4) The fermented material was sealed in a dark, vacuum environment and silaged at 15° C. for 30 days to obtain buckwheat straw silage.

[0056] Test example

[0057] Buckwheat straw was cut to 2.5 cm, mixed thoroughly, 1000 g of raw material was weighed into a seed bag, and dried at 65 °C to constant weight. Another 1000 g of raw material was weighed into a ziplock bag, quick-frozen with liquid nitrogen, and then stored in a -80 °C refrigerator for microbial analysis before ensiling. Determination of nutritional quality, fermentation quality, bacterial community, and metabolites during ensiling of buckwheat straw with different additives Buckwheat straw was cut to 2.5 cm, mixed thoroughly, and small-scale bagged ensiling was used. A total of 8 treatment groups were set up for plant-derived extracts and Lactobacillus plantarum and their combined application, with 6 replicates in each treatment. The experimental treatments are as follows:

[0058] CK, add the same mass of sterile water; 2) TM, dandelion; 3) PO, purslane; 4) HC, houttuynia cordata; 5) LP, Lactobacillus plantarum; 6) TM+LP, dandelion + Lactobacillus plantarum; 7) PO+LP, purslane + Lactobacillus plantarum; 8) HC+LP, houttuynia cordata + Lactobacillus plantarum. Weigh 300g of buckwheat straw, add 50g / kg of plant source and 1×10 6 CFU / gFM additives were added. The same mass of distilled water was added to the group without additives, and the mixture was immediately packed into silage vacuum bags (22×32 cm) after being fully mixed, and vacuum-sealed. Four replicates were used for each treatment, and the mixture was stored in a dark place at room temperature of 20-25±2℃. Samples were taken on the 7th, 15th, 30th, and 60th days, and were quickly frozen with liquid nitrogen and stored in a -80℃ refrigerator for metabolomics and microbial analysis.

[0059] Results and Analysis:

[0060] (1) Effects of plant-derived additives and lactic acid bacteria on the nutritional components of buckwheat straw silage

[0061] The effects of plant-derived additives and lactic acid bacteria on the nutritional components of buckwheat straw silage are shown in Table 1. Days and treatments had significant effects on the DM, NDF, ADF and WSC contents of buckwheat straw silage (P < 0.05), and the interaction between days and treatments had a significant effect on WSC (P < 0.05). As the buckwheat straw silage process progressed, the DM, NDF, ADF and WSC contents decreased. After 7 days of ensiling, the DM content of TM treatment was higher than that of CK, increasing by 24.57%, while the NDF and ADF contents were lower than those of CK treatment, decreasing by 5.04% and 2.35% respectively, and the WSC content was higher than that of CK treatment, increasing by 24.34%; the DM and WSC of PO treatment were higher than those of CK treatment group, increasing by 19.68% and 5.21% respectively, the NDF content was higher than that of CK, increasing by 2.59%, and the ADF content was lower than that of CK, decreasing by 10.11%; the DM, NDF, ADF and WSC contents of HC treatment were higher than those of CK treatment, increasing by 21.14%, 2.93%, 1.70% and 17.39% respectively; the DM and WSC contents of LP treatment were higher than those of CK treatment, increasing by 2.64% and 5.21% respectively. 4.34%, and NDF and ADF were both lower than those in CK treatment by 6.43% and 4.51%; the DM and WSC contents in TM+LP treatment were higher than those in CK treatment, increasing by 23.68% and 20% respectively, and the NDF and ADF contents were lower than those in CK treatment, decreasing by 13.39% and 10.73% respectively; the DM and WSC contents in PO+LP treatment were higher than those in CK treatment, increasing by 26.23% and 40% respectively, and the NDF and ADF contents were lower than those in CK treatment, decreasing by 11.08% and 16.42% respectively; the DM, NDF and ADF contents in HC+LP treatment were higher than those in CK treatment, increasing by 21.45%, 2.98% and 4.03% respectively, and the WSC content was lower than that in CK treatment, decreasing by 6.95%.After 60 days of ensiling, the DM and WSC contents of TM treatment were higher than those of CK treatment, increasing by 24.03% and 8.95% respectively, while the NDF and ADF contents were lower than those of CK treatment, decreasing by 26.35% and 28.26% respectively; the DM content of PO treatment was higher than that of CK treatment, increasing by 14.17%, while the NDF, ADF and WSC contents were lower than those of CK treatment group, decreasing by 15.39%, 20.11% and 32.83% respectively; the DM content of HC treatment was higher than that of CK treatment, increasing by 14.58%, while the NDF, ADF and WSC contents were lower than those of CK treatment, decreasing by 15.33%, 16.12% and 18.65% respectively; the DM content of LP treatment was higher than that of CK treatment, increasing by 1.92%, while the NDF, ADF and WSC contents were lower than those of CK treatment group, decreasing by 15.39%, 20.11% and 32.83% respectively. The contents of DM and WSC in TM+LP treatment were higher than those in CK treatment, increasing by 20.24% and 11.19% respectively, while the contents of NDF and ADF were lower than those in CK treatment, decreasing by 18.10% and 21.38% respectively; the contents of DM and WSC in PO+LP treatment were higher than those in CK treatment, increasing by 23.20% and 9.70% respectively, while the contents of NDF and ADF were lower than those in CK treatment, decreasing by 24.19% and 25.92% respectively; the content of DM in HC+LP treatment was higher than that in CK treatment, increasing by 17.91%, while the contents of NDF, ADF and WSC were lower than those in CK treatment group, decreasing by 13.67%, 15.02% and 21.64% respectively.

[0062] Table 1 Effects of plant-derived additives and lactic acid bacteria on the nutritional components of buckwheat straw silage

[0063]

[0064]

[0065]

[0066] Note: AE with different capital letters indicates significant difference between different mixing ratios of the same treatment (P<0.05); ac with different lowercase letters indicates significant difference between different mixing ratios of the same treatment (P<0.05). CK: control; TM: dandelion; PO: purslane; HC: houttuynia cordata; LP: Lactobacillus plantarum; TM+LP: dandelion + Lactobacillus plantarum; PO+LP: purslane + Lactobacillus plantarum; HC+LP: houttuynia cordata + Lactobacillus plantarum; T: treatment; D: day; T×M: interaction between treatment and day; the same below.

[0067] (2) Effects of plant-derived additives and lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation characteristics of buckwheat straw silage

[0068] The effects of plant-based additives and lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation characteristics of buckwheat straw silage are shown in Table 2. Additives and silage days had significant effects on the contents of LA, AA, and AN (P<0.05), and additives had significant effects on pH (P<0.05). The interactive effect of additives and silage days on the quality inspection of LA content was significant (P<0.05). After 7 days of silage fermentation, the pH values ​​of all additive treatments were lower than those of CK treatment, and the LA contents were higher than those of CK treatment. The pH values ​​of LP treatment group and PO+LP treatment group were the lowest, which were 3.83 and 3.78 respectively, and the pH value of CK treatment was the highest, which was 4.33. The LA contents of TM and TM+LP treatments were the highest, which were 19.22 g / kg and 19.78 g / kg respectively, and the LA content of CK treatment was the lowest, which was 6.23 g / kg; the AA content of PO treatment was higher than that of CK treatment group, which was 4.35 g / kg, and the AA content of PO+LP treatment was the lowest, which was 0.32 g / kg; the AN contents of TM, TM+LP, and HC+LP treatments were lower than those of CK treatment, which were 0.06% DM, 0.05% DM, and 0.09% DM respectively, and the AN content of PO treatment was the highest, which was 1.04% DM. After 15 days of silage fermentation, the pH values ​​of all additive treatments were lower than those of CK treatment, and the LA content was higher than that of CK treatment. The pH value of PO+LP treatment was the lowest, which was 3.77, and the pH value of CK treatment was the highest, which was 4.17. The LA content of TM treatment was the highest, which was 14.35 g / kg, and the LA content of CK treatment was the lowest, which was 5.23 g / kg; the AA content of HC treatment was the highest, which was 3.59 g / kg, and the AA content of PO+LP was the lowest, which was 0.26 g / kg; the AN content of HC treatment was the lowest, which was 0.07% DM, and the AN content of PO treatment was the highest, which was 1.13% DM. After 30 days of silage fermentation, the pH values ​​of TM, HC, LP, TM+LP, PO+LP, and HC+LP treatments were lower than those of CK treatment, which were 3.78, 4.08, 3.76, 3.97, 3.82, and 3.75, respectively. The pH value of PO treatment was higher than that of CK treatment, which was 4.28. Among them, the pH of HC+LP was the lowest, and the pH value of PO treatment was the highest. The LA content of all additive treatments was higher than that of CK treatment. The LA content of TM treatment was the highest, which was 14.83 g / kg, and the LA content of CK was the lowest, which was 7.07 g / kg. The AA content of PO treatment was the highest, which was 3.88 g / kg, and the AA content of PO+LP treatment was the lowest, which was 0.6 g / kg. The AN content of LP treatment was the lowest, which was 0.09% DM, and the AN content of PO treatment was the highest, which was 1.06% DM.After 60 days of silage fermentation, the pH values ​​of TM, HC, LP, TM+LP, PO+LP, and HC+LP treatments were lower than those of CK treatment, which were 3.86, 4.13, 3.80, 3.78, 3.81, and 4.14, respectively. The pH value of PO treatment was higher than that of CK, which was 4.39. Among them, the pH value of TM+LP treatment was the lowest, and the pH value of PO treatment was the highest. The LA contents of TM, HC, LP, TM+LP, PO+LP, and HC+LP treatments were higher than those of CK treatment, which were 12.22 g / kg, 7.80 g / kg, 6.44 g / kg, 11.22 g / kg, 7.44 g / kg, and 7.53 g / kg, respectively. The LA content of PO treatment was significantly higher than that of CK treatment. Compared with CK treatment, the content of LA in TM treatment was 5.11g / kg, and the content of LA in PO treatment was the highest; the content of AA in TM, LP, TM+LP, and PO+LP treatments was lower than that in CK treatment, and the content of AA in PO, HC, and HC+LP treatments was higher than that in CK treatment, and the content of AA in PO treatment was the highest, 4.17g / kg, and the content of AA in PO+LP treatment was the lowest, 0.72g / kg; the content of AN in TM, HC, LP, and TM+LP treatments was lower than that in CK, and the content of AN in TM treatment was the lowest, 0.7%DM, and the content of AN in PO, PO+LP, and HC+LP treatments was higher than that in CK, and the content of AN in PO treatment was the highest, 1.61%DM. In addition, in this experiment, the content of PA and BA was not detected.

[0069] Table 2 Effects of plant-derived additives and lactic acid bacteria on the fermentation characteristics of buckwheat straw silage

[0070]

[0071]

[0072]

[0073]

[0074] Note: CK: control; TM: dandelion; PO: purslane; HC: Houttuynia cordata; LP: Lactobacillus plantarum; TM+LP: dandelion + Lactobacillus plantarum; PO+LP: purslane + Lactobacillus plantarum; HC+LP: Houttuynia cordata + Lactobacillus plantarum; T: treatment; D: day; T×M: interaction between treatment and day.

[0075] (3) Effects of plant-derived additives and lactic acid bacteria on the bacterial community structure of buckwheat straw silage

[0076] Effects of phytogenic additives and lactic acid bacteria on bacterial community structure of buckwheat straw silage at phylum and genus levels after 7 and 60 days of silage Figure 1 and 2 As shown. Figure 1As shown in the figure, 10 phyla were detected at the phylum level, namely Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Planctomycetota, Acidobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota, Patescibacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadota. Proteobacteria was the main dominant phylum in the fresh sample of buckwheat straw, with a relative abundance of 95.60%. After 7 days of silage fermentation, Firmicutes was the main dominant phylum in each silage treatment, with relative abundances of 98.11%, 95.22%, 98.38%, 92.92%, 96.47%, 96.38%, 98.32%, and 98.17%, respectively. The control treatment contained a certain relative abundance of Proteobacteria, with a relative abundance of 1.88%, and the dandelion treatment contained a certain relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriot. a, Chloroflexi, with relative abundances of 4.39%, 0.26%, 0.08%, and 0.02%, respectively. The treatment with Portulaca oleracea contained Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota with certain relative abundances, with relative abundances of 1.52% and 0.08%, respectively. The treatment with Houttuynia cordata contained Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and Acidobacteriota, with relative abundances of 6.92%, 0.02%, and 0.06%, respectively. .08%, 0.02%, the Lactobacillus plantarum treatment group contained Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, with relative abundances of 2.86%, 0.62%, and 0.02%, respectively; the dandelion + Lactobacillus plantarum treatment contained Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, with relative abundances of 3.49%, 0.05%, and 0.05%, respectively; the purslane + Lactobacillus plantarum treatment contained Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, with relative abundances of 3.49%, 0.05%, and 0.05%, respectively. teria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, with relative abundances of 1.43%, 0.17%, and 0.05%, respectively. Houttuynia cordata + Lactobacillus plantarum contained Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota, with relative abundances of 1.46%, 0.02%, and 0.32%, respectively. After 60 days of ensiling, Firmicutes was the main dominant phylum in each ensiling treatment, with relative abundances of 99.28%, 96.89%, 99.The relative abundances of Proteobacteria in the control treatment were 55%, 96.68%, 98.62%, 99.01%, 99.79% and 99.49%, respectively. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the control treatment was 0.71%. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Planctomycetota and Acidobacteriota in the dandelion treatment were 2.65%, 0.08%, 0.02%, 0.11% and 0.11%, respectively. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota and Patescibacteria in the purslane treatment were 0.23%, 0.11%, 0.02%, 0.02% and 0.02%, respectively. The relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Planctomycetota and Acidobacteriota in the Houttuynia cordata treatment were 0.23%, 0.11%, 0.02%, 0.02% and 0.02%, respectively. obacteriota, with relative abundances of 2.98%, 0.11%, and 0.20%, respectively. In the treatment with Lactobacillus plantarum, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota had relative abundances of 1.19%, 0.05%, and 0.11%, respectively. In the treatment with dandelion + Lactobacillus plantarum, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Acidobacteriota were present, with relative abundances of 0.74%, 0.20%, and 0.02%, respectively. In the treatment with purslane + Lactobacillus plantarum, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota were present, with relative abundances of 0.17% and 0.02%, respectively. In the treatment with Houttuynia cordata + Lactobacillus plantarum, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and Gemmatimonadota were present, with relative abundances of 0.26%, 0.02%, 0.17%, and 0.02%. .

[0077] Effects of phytogenic additives and lactic acid bacteria on bacterial community structure after 7 and 60 days of buckwheat straw silage based on genus classification Figure 2As shown. A total of 10 genera were detected at the genus level, namely Lactiplantibacillus, Lentilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Rosenbergiella, Pantoea, Paucilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Robbsia, Lactococcus, and Pseudomonas. The fresh samples of buckwheat straw contained a certain relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus, Lentilactobacillus, Rosenbergiella, Pantoea, Limosilactobacillus, Robbsia, Lactococcus, and Pseudomonas, with relative abundances of 0.92%, 0.02%, 30.46%, 20.13%, 0.02%, 13.08%, 0.11%, and 5.70%, respectively. After 7 days of silage fermentation, Lactiplantibacillus was the main dominant genus in each silage treatment, with relative abundances of 96.32%, 79.18%, 81.45%, 84.49%, 94.35%, 92.92%, 98.20% and 94.50%, respectively. The control treatment contained a certain relative abundance of Levilactobacillus, Rosenbergiella, Pantoea, Paucilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Robbsia, Lactococcus and Pseudomonas, with relative abundances of 0.20%, 0.14%, 0.29%, 0.23%, 0.02%, 0.35%, 1.16% and 0.02%, respectively. The dandelion treatment contained a certain relative abundance of Lentilactobacillus, The relative abundances of Levilactobacillus, Rosenbergiella, Pantoea, Paucilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Robbsia, Lactococcus, and Pseudomonas were 0.02%, 1.01%, 0.32%, 0.41%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 0.23%, 6.69%, and 0.08%, respectively; the relative abundances of Levilactobacillus, Rosenbergiella, Pantoea, Paucilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Robbsia, Lactococcus, and Pseudomonas in the purslane treatment were 1.67%, 0.05%, 0.29%, and 0.14%, 1.31%, 0.14%, 7.67% and 0.17% respectively; in the treatment of Houttuynia cordata, there were certain relative abundances of Lentilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Rosenbergiella, Pantoea, Limosilactobacillus, Robbsia, Lactococcus and Pseudomonas, with relative abundances of 0.62%, 1.85%, 0.47%, 0.77%, 0.38%, 1.07%, 4.77% and 0.08% respectively; in the treatment of Lactobacillus plantarum, there were certain relative abundances of Rosenbergiella, Pantoea, Robbsia, Lactococcus and Pseudomonas, with relative abundances of 0.05%, 0.20%, 0.68%, 1.49% and 0.11% respectively; in the treatment of Taraxacum officinale + Lactobacillus plantarum, there were certain relative abundances of Rosenbergiella , Pantoea, Limosilactobacillus, Robbsia, Lactococcus, and Pseudomonas, with relative abundances of 0.11%, 0.38%, 0.02%, 0.08%, 2.80%, and 0.08%, respectively; the Portulaca oleracea+Lactobacillus plantarum treatment contained a certain relative abundance of Rosenbergiella, Pantoea, Robbsia, Lactococcus, and Pseudomonas, with relative abundances of 0.02%, 0.11%, 0.17%, 0.08%, and 0.17%, respectively; the Houttuynia cordata+Lactobacillus plantarum treatment contained a certain relative abundance of Rosenbergiella, Pantoea, Paucilactobacillus, Robbsia, Lactococcus, and Pseudomonas, with relative abundances of 0.11%, 0.29%, 0.14%, 0.26%, 2.68%, and 0.08%, respectively. After 60 days of silage fermentation, the relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus gradually decreased, while the relative abundance of Lentilactobacillus and Levilactobacillus gradually increased. In the control treatment, there were certain relative abundances of Lactiplantibacillus, Lentilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Rosenbergiella, Pantoea, Paucilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Robbsia, and Lactococcus, with relative abundances of 42.59%, 28.40%, 16.30%, 0.02%, 0.11%, 7.01%, and 0.02%, 0.26%, and 0.47% in the dandelion treatment; Lactiplantibacillus, Lentilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Pantoea, Robbsia, Lactococcus, and Pseudomonas were found in the dandelion treatment, with relative abundances of 9.13%, 72.04%, 13.20%, 0.11%, 0.23%, 1.04%, and 0.08%, respectively; Lactiplantibacillus, Lentilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Pantoea, Robbsia, Lactococcus, and Pseudomonas were found in the purslane treatment, with relative abundances of 9.13%, 72.04%, 13.20%, 0.11%, 0.23%, 1.04%, and 0.08%, respectively. ilactobacillus, Pantoea, Paucilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Robbsia, and Lactococcus had relative abundances of 44.98%, 23.95%, 14.99%, 0.02%, 1.49%, 8.87%, 0.11%, and 0.59%, respectively. The Houttuynia cordata treatment contained Lactiplantibacillus, Lentilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Rosenbergiella, and Pa ntoea, Robbsia, Lactococcus, and Pseudomonas, with relative abundances of 38.20%, 12.03%, 44.83%, 0.08%, 1.01%, 0.65%, 0.74%, and 0.02%, respectively; the Lactobacillus plantarum treatment contained Lactiplantibacillus, Lentilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Rosenbergiella, Pantoea, Paucilactobacillus, Robbsia, Lactococc us, and Pseudomonas, with relative abundances of 18.13%, 63.14%, 1.58%, 0.08%, 0.05%, 14.75%, 0.17%, 0.17%, and 0.05%, respectively; the dandelion + Lactobacillus plantarum treatment contained Lactiplantibacillus, Lentilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Robbsia, Lactococcus, and Pseudomonas, with relative abundances of 5.37%, 92.08%, 0.44%, 0.05%, 0.41%, and 0.02%; the treatment of Portulaca oleracea + Lactobacillus plantarum contained Lactiplantibacillus, Lentilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Paucilactobacillus, Robbsia, and Lactococcus, with relative abundances of 3.76%, 94.71%, 0.47%, 0.08%, 0.02%, and 0.05%, respectively; the treatment of Houttuynia cordata + Lactobacillus plantarum contained Lactiplantibacillus, Lentilactobacillus, Levilactobacillus, Rosenbergiella, Pantoea, Paucilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, Robbsia, and Lactococcus, with relative abundances of 14.84%, 71.83%, 5.88%, 0.02%, 0.02%, 6.03%, 0.02%, 0.08%, and 0.50%, respectively. .

[0078] in conclusion:

[0079] In summary, the addition of plant-derived additives can well balance the nutrients of silage and promote silage fermentation, while lactic acid bacteria additives can further promote silage fermentation and improve silage quality. The combined use of the two methods may be an effective measure to solve the problems of low nutritional value and difficulty in silage of buckwheat straw. The addition of plant-derived additives and lactic acid bacteria can preserve the nutritional quality of buckwheat straw silage and reduce the fiber content of straw. Among them, dandelion, purslane + Lactobacillus plantarum and dandelion + Lactobacillus plantarum have the best effects. The addition of plant-derived additives and lactic acid bacteria can further improve the fermentation quality of buckwheat straw silage. Among them, the addition of dandelion and dandelion + Lactobacillus plantarum has the greatest contribution to its fermentation quality after 7 days of fermentation, which is manifested as higher LA content, lower pH and lower NH3-N content. Plant-derived additives and lactic acid bacteria and their combined application provide a sufficient acidic environment for silage microorganisms, increasing the relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus after 7 days of fermentation. Therefore, adding plant-based additives and lactic acid bacteria to buckwheat straw silage after 7 days of silage may be an effective way to improve the quality of silage.

[0080] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a buckwheat straw silage containing a botanical additive and a preparation method thereof, wherein the buckwheat straw silage comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 900-1100 parts of buckwheat straw and 45-55 parts of a botanical additive. The present invention improves the quality of buckwheat straw silage by studying and analyzing the effects of dandelion, purslane, houttuynia cordata, plant lactobacillus and their combined application on the nutritional quality, fermentation quality, microbial community structure and metabolites of buckwheat straw silage.

[0081] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A buckwheat straw silage containing a plant-derived additive, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 900-1100 parts of buckwheat straws and 45-55 parts of plant-derived additives.

2. The buckwheat straw silage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant-based additive is dandelion or purslane.

3. The method for preparing buckwheat straw silage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) chopping buckwheat straw to obtain buckwheat straw segments; (2) mixing the buckwheat straw segments and the plant-based additive to obtain a mixed material; (3) inoculating plant lactobacillus into the mixed material to obtain a fermented material; (4) The fermented material is sealed and then ensiled to obtain buckwheat straw silage.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The length of the buckwheat straw segment in step (1) is 2 to 3 cm.

5. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water content of the mixture in step (2) is 65% to 70%.

6. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The accession amount of Lactobacillus plantarum in step (3) is 0.8-1.2×10 6 CFU / g.

7. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The silage conditions in step (4) are dark and vacuum environment, the silage temperature is 18-27° C., and the silage time is 7-60 days.

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