Boring machine machining error online compensation device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a boring machine machining error online compensation device and method. The compensation device comprises a deformation amplifying rod, an adjustable supporting ring, a measuring device and a measuring control system. The deformation amplifying rod is connected to the boring cutter and used for amplifying the machining deformation of the boring cutter and transmitting the machining deformation to the measuring device, and the machining deformation of the boring cutter is the difference value between the height of the boring cutter before machining and the height of the boring cutter during machining. The measuring device is used for detecting amplified machining deformation of the boring cutter in real time and sending the machining deformation to the measuring control system; the measurement control system is used for correspondingly controlling the adjustable supporting ring to act according to the amplified machining deformation of the boring cutter; the adjustable supporting ring is fixedly connected to the boring machine, is in driving connection with the boring rod and is used for adjusting the position of the boring rod to enable the position of the boring cutter to return to the height before machining so as to compensate the machining deformation of the boring cutter. According to the invention, real-time accurate compensation of the boring cutter processing deformation can be realized, system errors and gross errors in the measurement process are avoided, and the measurement precision is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of deep hole machining by boring machines, in particular to an online compensation device and method for machining errors of boring machines. Background Art

[0002] At present, one of the main methods in boring processing is to fix the workpiece on the fixture for rotation, and the boring tool is installed on the boring bar and fixed, and radially fixed by two or more circular fixing rings, and the feeding movement of the boring tool and the boring bar is realized by the cylinder. According to the different depths of the holes to be processed, the forward extension length of the cylinder is also different.

[0003] It has the following technical problems: (1) From the analysis of the force model, this type of processing equipment belongs to a cantilever beam. The boring cutter is located at the front end of the boring bar. Under the action of the cutting force, the deformation is the largest, which will lead to a large processing error. As the depth of the processed hole increases, the error also increases. Due to the small deformation, it is currently impossible to achieve accurate compensation for the deformation of the front end in real time.

[0004] (2) Since the deformation of the boring tool during the machining process varies with the extension length of the boring bar, although theoretically the front end deformation can be obtained through some displacement sensors, the measurement accuracy does not meet engineering requirements due to the small deformation amount, and the measurement system is relatively complex.

[0005] (3) Non-contact or electronic measurement methods are affected by factors such as oil pollution, and the measurement reliability and accuracy are not high, and the cost is high. Therefore, it is currently impossible to implement online elimination of the processing error caused by this deformation through effective, reliable and low-cost means.

[0006] (4) The existing measurement methods obtain the absolute values ​​of measurements at different times, which are subject to systematic and gross errors.

[0007] In addition, the method of adjusting the cantilever deformation of the processing tool mentioned in the patent "Large Spline Bushing Processing Tool and Processing Method" is only adjusted by mechanical bolts, and the adjustment amount requires multiple trials to complete, and it cannot guarantee real-time online adjustment during the processing process. It needs to stop the machine to make adjustments based on experience. And the accuracy of its adjustment is very limited. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an online compensation device and method for boring machine processing errors, which can realize real-time and accurate compensation for the machining deformation of the boring cutter.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An online compensation device for machining errors of a boring machine, wherein the boring machine is equipped with a boring bar and a boring cutter, and comprises a deformation amplifying rod, an adjustable supporting ring, a measuring device and a measuring control system; The deformation amplifying rod is connected to the boring tool, and is used to amplify the machining deformation of the boring tool and transmit it to the measuring device, wherein the machining deformation of the boring tool is the difference between the height of the boring tool before machining and the height during machining; The measuring device is used to detect the machining deformation amplified by the boring cutter in real time and send it to the measuring control system; The measurement control system is used to control the movement of the adjustable support ring according to the machining deformation amplified by the boring cutter; The adjustable support ring is fixed to the boring machine and drivingly connected to the boring bar, and is used to adjust the position of the boring bar so that the boring cutter position returns to the height before processing to compensate for the processing deformation of the boring cutter.

[0010] Furthermore, the boring bar and the deformation amplification rod are respectively inserted into the adjustable support ring, and the adjustable support ring is provided with a driving device; the driving device is connected to the boring bar and is used to adjust the position of the boring bar.

[0011] Furthermore, the boring bar is located above the deformation amplification rod, and the driving device includes a first driving device and a second driving device that move synchronously; the first driving device is located above the boring bar and is used to drive the boring bar downward; the second driving device is located below the boring bar and is used to drive the boring bar upward.

[0012] Furthermore, the driving device also includes a third driving device and a fourth driving device that move synchronously; the third driving device and the fourth driving device are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the boring bar, and are used to adjust the horizontal position of the boring bar.

[0013] Furthermore, a lever mechanism for amplifying the machining deformation of the boring cutter is provided in the deformation amplification rod, and the lever mechanism includes a vertical rod, an upper lever, a lower lever and a measuring rod. The vertical rod is vertically arranged and its two ends are respectively connected to the boring cutter and one end of the lower lever, the two ends of the upper lever are respectively connected to the other end of the lower lever and the measuring rod, and the measuring rod is vertically arranged and connected to the measuring device.

[0014] Furthermore, the lever mechanism also includes a rotating shaft, which is fixed in the deformation amplification rod, and one end of the upper lever is connected to the other end of the lower lever through the rotating shaft.

[0015] Furthermore, the measuring device includes a spring and a high-precision displacement sensor. The spring is fixed to the boring machine, the lower end of the measuring rod is connected to the spring, and the upper end of the measuring rod is abutted against the other end of the upper lever; the high-precision displacement sensor is connected to the measuring rod for detecting the displacement of the measuring rod and sending it to the measurement control system.

[0016] Furthermore, a plurality of adjustable support rings are provided, and the plurality of adjustable support rings are spaced apart along the axial direction of the boring bar.

[0017] A method for online compensation of machining errors of a boring machine comprises the following steps: The deformation amplifying rod is used to amplify the machining deformation of the boring tool and transmit it to the measuring device, wherein the machining deformation of the boring tool is the difference between the height of the boring tool before machining and the height during machining; The measuring device detects the machining deformation amplified by the boring cutter in real time and sends it to the measuring control system; The measurement control system controls the movement of the adjustable support ring according to the machining deformation amplified by the boring cutter; The adjustable support ring adjusts the position of the boring bar to return the boring tool to the height before processing to compensate for the processing deformation of the boring tool.

[0018] Furthermore, the boring bar is adjusted by an adjustable support ring by arranging at least two adjustable support rings axially spaced apart from each other along the boring bar, with the adjustable support ring close to the boring tool serving as a fulcrum and the adjustable support ring away from the boring tool serving as a power source to drive the boring bar to move up and down.

[0019] In general, the present invention has the following advantages: The present invention utilizes a deformation amplifying rod connected to the boring tool, which can amplify the machining deformation of the boring tool and send it to the measuring device for measurement, which can greatly reduce the measurement error and convert the measured absolute quantity into a relative quantity. It only needs to obtain the height difference of the boring tool before and after machining, and the position of the boring tool can be adjusted to make it return to the initial height before machining, thereby realizing real-time and accurate compensation for the machining deformation of the boring tool, avoiding systematic errors and gross errors in the measurement process, and having high measurement accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is the work flow chart of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustable support ring.

[0023] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the adjustable support ring.

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the structure of the deformation amplification rod.

[0025] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the measurement device.

[0026] In the figure: 1- Boring tool; 2-boring bar; 3-adjustable support ring, 31-fixed frame, 32-guide wheel, 33-pin shaft, 34-support plate, 35-electric cylinder, 36-fixed rod; 4-deformation amplifying rod, 41-rod body, 42-upper lever, 43-rotation axis, 44-lower lever, 45-vertical rod, 46-measuring rod; 5-measuring device, 51-fixed sleeve, 52-high-precision displacement sensor, 53-spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The present invention will be described in further detail below.

[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, an online compensation device for machining errors of a boring machine is provided. The boring machine is equipped with a boring bar 2 and a boring tool 1, and includes an adjustable support ring 3, a deformation amplifying rod 4, a measuring device 5, a signal line, a measuring control system, a control line, a cylinder system, etc.

[0029] The deformation amplifying rod 4 is connected to the boring tool 1, and is used to amplify the machining deformation of the boring tool 1 and transmit it to the measuring device 5. The machining deformation of the boring tool 1 is the difference between the height of the boring tool 1 before machining and the height during machining. The measuring device 5 is used to detect the amplified machining deformation of the boring tool 1 in real time and send it to the measurement control system; The measurement control system is used to control the movement of the adjustable support ring 3 according to the machining deformation amount amplified by the boring tool 1; The adjustable support ring 3 is fixed to the boring machine and drivingly connected to the boring bar 2 , and is used to adjust the position of the boring bar 2 to return the boring tool 1 to the height before processing, so as to compensate for the processing deformation of the boring tool 1 .

[0030] The present invention utilizes a deformation amplifying rod 4 to connect with the boring tool 1, which can amplify the processing deformation of the boring tool 1 and send it to the measuring device 5 for measurement, which can greatly reduce the measurement error and convert the measured absolute quantity into a relative quantity. It only needs to obtain the height difference of the boring tool 1 before and after processing, and the position of the boring tool 1 can be adjusted to return to the height before processing, thereby realizing real-time and accurate compensation for the processing deformation of the boring tool 1, avoiding systematic errors and gross errors in the measurement process, and having high measurement accuracy.

[0031] Specifically, the boring tool 1 is installed on the boring bar 2, and the boring bar 2 is supported by two or more adjustable support rings 3 arranged at intervals along the axial direction. The deformation amplification rod 4 is connected to a measuring device 5, and the measuring device 5 is connected to a measuring control system through a signal line, and the measuring control system is connected to the adjustable support ring 3 through a control line.

[0032] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the adjustable support ring 3 includes a fixing frame 31 , a guide wheel 32 , a pin shaft 33 , a supporting plate 34 , an electric cylinder 35 , and a fixing rod 36 .

[0033] The fixing frame 31 is provided with a large circular hole and a small circular hole from top to bottom, through which the boring bar 2 and the rod body 41 pass respectively. Four driving devices are provided in the large circular hole, namely the first driving device, the second driving device, the third driving device and the fourth driving device. The first driving device is located above the boring bar 2 and is used to drive the boring bar 2 to move downward; the second driving device is located below the boring bar 2 and is used to drive the boring bar 2 to move upward. The third driving device and the fourth driving device are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the boring bar 2 and are used to adjust the horizontal position of the boring bar 2. The third driving device and the fourth driving device can also be replaced by linear guides to keep the boring bar 2 from being offset to the left and right when moving up and down.

[0034] The above-mentioned driving device can be realized by various existing technologies. In this embodiment, the driving device is driven by an electric cylinder 35 .

[0035] The guide wheel 32 contacts the boring bar 2 and is fixed to the support plate 34 through the pin 33. The support plate 34 is slidably connected to the fixing frame 31. The electric cylinder 35 is fixed to the fixing frame 31 through the fixing rod 36. The electric cylinder 35 is connected to the support plate 34. The electric cylinders 35 evenly distributed on the circumference are actuated to push the support plate 34 to move, and the guide wheel 32 on the support plate 34 pushes the rod body 41 to move slightly.

[0036] like Figure 5 As shown, a lever mechanism for amplifying the machining deformation of the boring tool 1 is provided in the deformation amplifying rod 4, and the lever mechanism includes a rod body 41, an upper lever 42, a rotating shaft 43, a lower lever 44, a vertical rod 45 and a measuring rod 46. The rotating shaft 43, the upper lever 42 and the lower lever 44 are installed inside the rod body 41, and multiple rods can be arranged for assembly according to actual needs. The upper end of the vertical rod 45 is connected to the boring tool 1, and the lower end passes through the rod body 41 and is connected to one end of the lower lever 44. Each upper lever 42 and the lower lever 44 are fixed in the rod body 41 through the rotating shaft 43, and the upper lever 42 and the lower lever 44 can rotate around the rotating shaft 43, and the upper lever 42 and the lower lever 44 are connected in sequence. The upper end of the measuring rod 46 passes through the rod body 41 and is connected to the upper lever 42, and the lower end of the measuring rod 46 is connected to the measuring device 5.

[0037] like Figure 6 As shown, the measuring device 5 includes a fixing sleeve 51, a high-precision displacement sensor 52, and a spring 53. The fixing sleeve 51 is mainly used to fix the measuring rod 46, and the spring 53 is connected below the measuring rod 46, and the high-precision displacement sensor 52 is arranged above the measuring rod 46.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for online compensation of machining errors of a boring machine comprises the following steps: The deformation amplifying rod 4 is used to amplify the machining deformation of the boring tool 1 and transmit it to the measuring device 5. The machining deformation of the boring tool 1 is the difference between the height of the boring tool 1 before machining and the height during machining. The measuring device 5 detects the amplified machining deformation of the boring tool 1 in real time and sends it to the measuring control system; The measurement control system controls the movement of the adjustable support ring 3 according to the machining deformation amount amplified by the boring tool 1; The adjustable support ring 3 adjusts the position of the boring bar 2 to return the boring tool 1 to the height before processing, so as to compensate for the processing deformation of the boring tool 1.

[0039] Among them, the adjustable support ring 3 adjusts the boring bar 2 in the following manner: at least two adjustable support rings 3 are arranged axially at intervals along the boring bar 2, and the adjustable support ring 3 close to the boring tool 1 is used as a fulcrum, and the adjustable support ring 3 far away from the boring tool 1 is used as a power source to drive the boring bar 2 to move up and down.

[0040] Specific implementation process: First, the workpiece to be processed is mounted on the fixture, the boring bar 2 is fixed on the adjustable support ring 3, the boring tool 1 is mounted on the boring bar 2 and inserted into the workpiece to be processed. Before processing, the boring tool 1 is adjusted to the accurate processing position, and the rod body 41 is adjusted to be horizontal. At this time, the high-precision displacement sensor 52 of the measuring device 5 records the reading of the measuring rod 46 in the deformation amplification rod 4 supported by the fixed sleeve 51 of the measuring device 5. The measuring rod 46 is always in contact with the upper lever 42 under the action of the spring 53, and can also ensure that the upper lever 42 and the lower lever 44 connected in sequence are in contact. The deformation of the boring bar 2 will cause the vertical rod 45 to move downward. Therefore, during the entire measurement process, the vertical rod 45 can maintain contact with the upper lever 42, the upper lever 42 and the lower lever 44, and the lower lever 44 and the measuring rod 46.

[0041] As the processing depth increases, the boring tool 1 is affected by gravity and chip force, causing the boring bar 2 to bend downward. At this time, the deformation of the boring bar 2 is transmitted to the upper lever 42 through the vertical rod 45 in the deformation amplification rod 4. The upper lever 42 is fixed in the rod body 41 through the rotating shaft 43 and can rotate around the rotating shaft 43. Therefore, the deformation can be transmitted to the lower lever 44. The lower lever 44 can also rotate around the rotating shaft 43. Multiple groups of upper levers 42 and lower levers 44 can be set as needed. The deformation of the lower lever 44 is reflected to the data of the high-precision displacement sensor 52 in the measuring device 5 through the measuring rod 46. Due to the lever amplification effect, the displacement value obtained by the high-precision displacement sensor 52 is larger, so the measurement accuracy can be better guaranteed. At this time, the data of the high-precision displacement sensor 52 is transmitted to the measurement and control system through the signal line. The measurement and control system compares the height of the boring tool 1 under the initial conditions with the height of the boring tool 1 under the current data to obtain the difference between the two, and transmits the adjustment signal to the electric cylinder 35 in the adjustable support ring 3 through the control line according to the height difference. The electric cylinder 35 pushes the support plate 34 to move upward or downward, and the guide wheel 32 above the support plate 34 pushes the rod body 41 to move slightly, thereby realizing compensation for the machining deformation of the boring tool 1.

[0042] During the compensation process, the boring bar 2 can be adjusted by levers through at least two adjustable support rings 3. Usually, the adjustable support ring 3 closest to the boring tool 1 is used to fix the boring bar 2 and serve as the fulcrum of the adjustment lever, and the adjustable support ring 3 far from the boring tool 1 is used as a power source to adjust the position of the boring tool 1, that is, to reduce the resistance arm of the adjustment lever and increase the power arm. Through this form of lever adjustment, the larger displacement of the power source end can be used to adjust the smaller displacement of the front boring tool 1, thereby achieving higher-precision compensation of the machining deformation of the boring tool 1.

[0043] During the adjustment process, the adjustable support ring 3 farthest from the boring tool 1 can be driven for adjustment first, and the distance between the adjustable support ring 3 closest to the boring tool 1 and the adjustable support ring 3 farthest from the boring tool 1 can be increased as needed, thereby increasing the amplification effect of the adjustment lever and achieving higher-precision compensation of the machining deformation of the boring tool 1. Through subtle movements, the reading of the high-precision displacement sensor 52 is observed in real time, and the calculation is performed based on the magnification of the deformation amplification rod 4. When the calculation result is consistent with the initial height value or within the allowable error range, it is determined that the adjustment is in place, the action of the electric cylinder 35 is stopped, and the machining is continued. Since the measurement control system can monitor the position of the measuring rod 46 in real time, the position of the boring tool 1 can be adjusted online in real time. Repeat in sequence, and finally complete the machining of the entire workpiece with high precision. The boring bar 2 and the deformation amplification rod 4 remain synchronized during the feeding process, and the tail end is connected to the cylinder system and is driven synchronously by the cylinder system. The cylinder system is connected to the boring bar 2 and the deformation amplification rod 4 to provide axial feeding power for the boring bar 2 and the deformation amplification rod 4. The boring bar 2 and the deformation amplification rod 4 move axially synchronously. Since only the axial direction is limited, the height adjustment of the boring bar 2 is not limited.

[0044] The present invention has the following advantages: 1. High-precision measurement method (1) The present invention converts the measured absolute quantity into a relative quantity by designing the vertical rod 45 to be in direct contact with the boring tool 1, and only seeks the difference from the original position, directly compares the difference value between the two, and takes the relative difference between the two as the adjustment target, so as to more accurately measure the deformation of the front end. Therefore, the systematic error and gross error in the measurement process can be directly avoided, and the measurement accuracy is high.

[0045] (2) The present invention uses a mechanical measurement method. Therefore, compared with other measurement methods, it is less affected by the measurement environment, electromagnetic fields, etc., and the measurement results obtained are more reliable.

[0046] (3) Based on the lever principle, the deformation is magnified before measurement, which can greatly reduce the measurement error.

[0047] 2. Low-cost measurement solution The present invention only uses a simple high-precision displacement sensor 52 to complete the deformation measurement of the boring tool 1, which has low cost, high reliability and low use and maintenance cost.

[0048] 3. High-precision adjustment method The present invention uses the lever principle to adjust the boring tool 1 through the adjustable support ring 3 at a position far away from the cantilever support point of the boring bar 2, and can achieve micro displacement of the front end boring bar 2 through larger displacement adjustment, so the adjustment accuracy is high.

[0049] 4. Real-time adjustment method By detecting the relative position of the measuring rod 46 online, the detection speed is fast, and the adjustable support ring 3 is used to realize real-time adjustment of the boring tool 1, with fast adjustment speed and accurate adjustment position.

[0050] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be equivalent replacement methods and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An online compensation device for machining errors of a boring machine, wherein the boring machine is equipped with a boring bar and a boring cutter, and is characterized in that: It includes a deformation amplifying rod, an adjustable supporting ring, a measuring device and a measuring control system; The deformation amplifying rod is connected to the boring tool, and is used to amplify the machining deformation of the boring tool and transmit it to the measuring device, wherein the machining deformation of the boring tool is the difference between the height of the boring tool before machining and the height during machining; The measuring device is used to detect the machining deformation amplified by the boring cutter in real time and send it to the measuring control system; The measurement control system is used to control the movement of the adjustable support ring according to the machining deformation amplified by the boring cutter; The adjustable support ring is fixed to the boring machine and drivingly connected to the boring bar, and is used to adjust the position of the boring bar so that the boring cutter position returns to the height before processing to compensate for the processing deformation of the boring cutter.

2. The online compensation device for machining errors of a boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boring bar and the deformation amplifying rod are respectively penetrated through the adjustable supporting ring, and the adjustable supporting ring is provided with a driving device; the driving device is connected to the boring bar and is used for adjusting the position of the boring bar.

3. The online compensation device for machining errors of a boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boring bar is located above the deformation amplification bar, and the driving device includes a first driving device and a second driving device that move synchronously; the first driving device is located above the boring bar and is used to drive the boring bar to move downward; The second driving device is located below the boring bar and is used to drive the boring bar to move upward.

4. The online compensation device for machining errors of a boring machine according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The driving device also includes a third driving device and a fourth driving device which move synchronously; the third driving device and the fourth driving device are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the boring bar and are used to adjust the horizontal position of the boring bar.

5. The online compensation device for machining errors of a boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A lever mechanism for amplifying the machining deformation of the boring cutter is provided in the deformation amplification rod. The lever mechanism includes a vertical rod, an upper lever, a lower lever and a measuring rod. The vertical rod is vertically arranged and its two ends are respectively connected to the boring cutter and one end of the lower lever. The two ends of the upper lever are respectively connected to the other end of the lower lever and the measuring rod. The measuring rod is vertically arranged and connected to the measuring device.

6. The online compensation device for machining errors of a boring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lever mechanism also includes a rotating shaft, which is fixed in the deformation amplification rod, and one end of the upper lever is connected to the other end of the lower lever through the rotating shaft.

7. The online compensation device for machining errors of a boring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The measuring device includes a spring and a high-precision displacement sensor. The spring is fixed to the boring machine, the lower end of the measuring rod is connected to the spring, and the upper end of the measuring rod is abutted against the other end of the upper lever; the high-precision displacement sensor is connected to the measuring rod to detect the displacement of the measuring rod and send it to the measurement control system.

8. The online compensation device for machining errors of a boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of adjustable support rings are provided, and the plurality of adjustable support rings are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the boring bar.

9. A method for online compensation of machining error of a boring machine, characterized in that: The online compensation device for machining errors of a boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8 comprises the following steps: The deformation amplifying rod is used to amplify the machining deformation of the boring tool and transmit it to the measuring device, wherein the machining deformation of the boring tool is the difference between the height of the boring tool before machining and the height during machining; The measuring device detects the machining deformation amplified by the boring cutter in real time and sends it to the measuring control system; The measurement control system controls the movement of the adjustable support ring according to the machining deformation amplified by the boring cutter; The adjustable support ring adjusts the position of the boring bar to return the boring tool to the height before processing to compensate for the processing deformation of the boring tool.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The boring bar is adjusted by an adjustable support ring by arranging at least two adjustable support rings at intervals along the axial direction of the boring bar, using the adjustable support ring close to the boring tool as a fulcrum and the adjustable support ring far from the boring tool as a power source to drive the boring bar to move up and down.

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