Vegetable yield increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of vegetable yield increasing fertilizers, in particular to a vegetable yield increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock manure and a preparation method of the vegetable yield increasing fertilizer, and aims at solving the problems that an existing vegetable yield increasing fertilizer pollutes the environment, releases nutrients unreasonably, and has limited effects in the aspects of soil moisture and fertilizer retention and air permeability improvement. According to the preparation method, the plant straw and the livestock and poultry manure are reasonably proportioned, the absorption and utilization rate of crops is improved through fermentation treatment, so that resource utilization of agricultural wastes is realized, environmental pollution is reduced, the agricultural production cost is reduced, and various nutrient elements are added, so that the fertilizer is balanced in nutrient and high in yield. The nutrient content and effectiveness of the fertilizer are improved, the soil structure is improved, the water and fertilizer retention capacity of soil is enhanced, the microbial activity of soil is improved, a good soil environment is created for vegetable growth, various requirements in the vegetable growth process can be met, and the yield and quality of vegetables are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of vegetable yield-increasing fertilizers, and in particular to vegetable yield-increasing fertilizers based on plant straws and livestock and poultry excrement and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development of the agricultural industry, the scale of vegetable production has continued to expand, and the dependence on fertilizers has also increased. Although traditional chemical fertilizers can increase vegetable yields to a certain extent, they often have the problem of too fast nutrient release in the early stage and insufficient supply in the later stage. At the same time, they have limited effects on soil water and fertilizer retention and aeration improvement. Even long-term use can lead to problems such as soil compaction, decreased fertility, and environmental pollution.

[0003] Livestock and poultry manure and plant straw are common wastes in agricultural production. These wastes can be converted into high-quality organic fertilizers through reasonable treatment. Livestock and poultry manure is rich in organic matter and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and is an ideal choice for soil improvement and nutrient supply. Plant straw is rich in cellulose and hemicellulose, which can be decomposed into small molecular organic matter through fermentation and easily absorbed and utilized by crops. However, the direct application of plant straw and livestock and poultry manure may have disadvantages such as odor, bulky size, and difficulty in decomposition, which limits its scope of application.

[0004] Therefore, combining these materials to develop a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure and its preparation method is of great significance for promoting vegetable production and income, improving soil structure and achieving sustainable development of agriculture. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure and a preparation method thereof, which solves the problems of existing vegetable yield-increasing fertilizers such as environmental pollution, unreasonable nutrient release, and limited effect in improving soil water and fertilizer retention and aeration.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure comprises the following components in parts by weight:

[0008] 50-60 parts of plant straw, 25-35 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 1.8-4.2 parts of fermentation bacteria, 2-12 parts of slow-release oxygen supply agent, 1.5-9.5 parts of water absorption and water retention agent, 11-15 parts of urea, 8-10 parts of potassium nitrate, 5-7 parts of superphosphate, 1-4 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-5 parts of copper sulfate, 1-2 parts of zinc nitrate and 0.8-1.4 parts of boric acid;

[0009] Wherein, the slow-release oxygen supply agent is prepared by the following steps:

[0010] Step a1: placing the coconut shell in a tubular furnace, heating it to 500-520°C at a heating rate of 8-10°C / min, then calcining it at a constant temperature for 1-2h, then cooling it with the furnace, then soaking it in a hydrochloric acid solution for 24-30h, then centrifuging it, washing the precipitate with distilled water for 2-3 times, then placing it in a vacuum drying oven, and drying it at a temperature of 70-75°C for 2-3h to obtain a biochar carrier;

[0011] Step a2: Add calcium chloride and deionized water to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, stir and react for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 20-25°C and a stirring rate of 300-400r / min, then add the biochar carrier and continue to stir and react for 1-2 hours, then add sodium hydroxide solution and polyethylene glycol and continue to stir and react for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 50-55°C, then add hydrogen peroxide solution and continue to stir and react for 2-3 hours, after the reaction is completed, cool the reaction product to room temperature, then centrifuge, wash the precipitate with distilled water 2-3 times, then place it in a vacuum drying oven, and dry it at a temperature of 60-65°C for 2-3 hours to obtain loaded biochar;

[0012] Step a3: Add sodium alginate and deionized water into a three-necked flask equipped with an agitator and a thermometer, stir and react for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 20-25°C and a stirring rate of 300-400r / min, then add the loaded biochar and continue to stir and react for 1-2 hours, then add the calcium chloride solution and continue to stir and react for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 40-45°C. After the reaction, cool the reaction product to room temperature, then centrifuge it, wash the precipitate with distilled water 2-3 times, then place it in a vacuum drying oven, and dry it at a temperature of 40-45°C for 4-5 hours to obtain a slow-release oxygen supply agent.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: the usage ratio of the coconut shell and the hydrochloric acid solution in step a1 is 5g:80-100mL.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention: the molar concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution in step a1 is 1-1.5 mol / L.

[0015] As a further solution of the present invention: the usage ratio of the calcium chloride, deionized water, biochar carrier, sodium hydroxide solution, polyethylene glycol and hydrogen peroxide solution in step a2 is 2-6g:40-50mL:10g:15-20mL:5-9g:20-25mL.

[0016] As a further solution of the present invention: the molar concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution in step a2 is 3-4 mol / L; the polyethylene glycol is PEG-200; and the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 30-35%.

[0017] As a further solution of the present invention: the dosage ratio of the sodium alginate, deionized water, loaded biochar and calcium chloride solution in step a3 is 0.5-1.5 g: 40-50 mL: 1 g: 3-5 mL.

[0018] As a further solution of the present invention: the mass fraction of the calcium chloride solution in step a3 is 5-7%.

[0019] As a further solution of the present invention: the water absorbing and retaining agent is prepared by the following steps:

[0020] Add polyglutamic acid, starch and deionized water into a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, stir and react for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 20-25°C and a stirring rate of 300-400r / min, then adjust the pH to 5-6 with acetic acid solution, then add γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and continue stirring and reacting for 20-30 hours at a temperature of 45-50°C. After the reaction, cool the reaction product to room temperature and then centrifuge it. Wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water for 2-3 times in turn, then place it in a vacuum drying oven, dry it at a temperature of 60-65°C for 4-5 hours, and then crush it through a 30-50 sieve to obtain a water-absorbing and water-retaining agent.

[0021] As a further solution of the present invention: the usage ratio of the polyglutamic acid, starch, deionized water and γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 10g:1-7g:80-90mL:0.9-2.1g.

[0022] As a further solution of the present invention: the mass fraction of the acetic acid solution is 3-5%.

[0023] As a further solution of the present invention: a method for preparing a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure comprises the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: weigh 50-60 parts of plant straw, 25-35 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 1.8-4.2 parts of fermentation bacteria, 2-12 parts of slow-release oxygen supply agent, 1.5-9.5 parts of water absorption and water retention agent, 11-15 parts of urea, 8-10 parts of potassium nitrate, 5-7 parts of superphosphate, 1-4 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-5 parts of copper sulfate, 1-2 parts of zinc nitrate and 0.8-1.4 parts of boric acid according to weight, and set aside;

[0025] Step 2: crush the plant straw, mix it evenly with livestock and poultry manure and fermentation agent, and then compost and ferment it naturally for 50-55 days at 20-25°C and 60-65% water content to obtain fermented fertilizer;

[0026] Step three: Evenly mix the fermented fertilizer, slow-release oxygen supply agent, water-absorbing and water-retaining agent, urea, potassium nitrate, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc nitrate and boric acid to obtain a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure.

[0027] As a further solution of the present invention: the plant straw is one or a mixture of two or more of rice straw, corn straw, wheat straw and cotton straw.

[0028] As a further solution of the present invention: the livestock and poultry manure is one or a mixture of two or more of cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure and duck manure.

[0029] As a further solution of the present invention: the fermentation agent is a mixture of Bifidobacterium, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria in equal amounts.

[0030] As a further solution of the present invention: the number of effective live bacteria in the fermentation bacteria is ≥ 20 billion / g.

[0031] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0032] The vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry excrement and the preparation method thereof of the present invention are as follows: the plant straw is crushed, then mixed evenly with livestock and poultry excrement and a fermentation agent, and then naturally composted and fermented to obtain a fermented fertilizer; the fermented fertilizer, a slow-release oxygen supply agent, a water-absorbing and water-retaining agent, urea, potassium nitrate, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc nitrate and boric acid are evenly mixed to obtain a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry excrement; the preparation method reasonably proportions plant straw and livestock and poultry excrement, and decomposes macromolecular organic matter into small molecular organic matter through fermentation treatment, thereby increasing the yield of the vegetable. The absorption and utilization rate of crops is improved, thereby realizing the resource utilization of agricultural waste, reducing environmental pollution, and reducing agricultural production costs. In addition, a variety of nutrients are added to balance the nutrients of fertilizers, increase the nutrient content and effectiveness of fertilizers, improve soil structure, enhance the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer, and increase soil microbial activity, creating a good soil environment for vegetable growth, which can meet various needs in the process of vegetable growth and significantly improve the yield and quality of vegetables. Moreover, the preparation method has simple process, is easy to operate, has low production cost, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production and promotion and application.

[0033] In the process of preparing vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure, a slow-release oxygen supply agent is first prepared. First, coconut shells are used as raw materials to calcine to form biochar, and the ash therein is fully removed by hydrochloric acid solution to form a biochar carrier with rich pores. Then, calcium chloride is used as a raw material, and reacts with a hydrogen peroxide solution under alkaline conditions to generate calcium peroxide, which is then loaded in the internal pores of the biochar carrier to obtain loaded biochar. Finally, sodium alginate is used as a raw material, cross-linked with calcium chloride, and then coated on the loaded biochar to obtain a slow-release oxygen supply agent. In the process of preparing vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure, a water-absorbing and water-retaining agent is also prepared. Polyglutamic acid and starch are used as raw materials, and γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane is used to fully cross-link the two to obtain a water-absorbing and water-retaining agent. The slow-release oxygen supply agent can continuously use calcium peroxide to It slowly releases oxygen, improves soil aeration, provides sufficient oxygen for vegetable roots, promotes root growth and respiration, thereby enhancing the root system's ability to absorb nutrients and water, which is beneficial to the healthy growth and yield of vegetables. At the same time, it can also provide sufficient oxygen for microorganisms, improve the activity and survival rate of microorganisms, further improve soil structure, increase soil fertility, promote the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and further improve fertilizer utilization and vegetable yield quality. The water-absorbing and water-retaining agent has a strong water-absorbing and water-retaining capacity, can absorb and store a large amount of water in the soil, reduce water evaporation and loss, especially in drought periods, can provide a continuous water supply for vegetable growth, ensure the normal growth of vegetables, improve the drought resistance of vegetables and yield stability, and is easily biodegradable, and further enriches the nutrients in the soil after degradation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Embodiment 1:

[0036] This embodiment is a method for preparing a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure, comprising the following steps:

[0037] Step S1: 5 g of coconut shell was placed in a tube furnace, heated to 500° C. at a heating rate of 8° C. / min, then calcined at a constant temperature for 1 h, then cooled with the furnace, then placed in 80 mL of a hydrochloric acid solution with a molar concentration of 1 mol / L and soaked for 24 h, then centrifuged, and the precipitate was washed twice with distilled water, then placed in a vacuum drying oven, and dried at a temperature of 70° C. for 2 h to obtain a biochar carrier;

[0038] Step S2: 2 g of calcium chloride and 40 mL of deionized water were added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and stirred for 20 min at a temperature of 20 ° C and a stirring rate of 300 r / min, then 10 g of biochar carrier was added and the stirring reaction was continued for 1 h, then 15 mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a molar concentration of 3 mol / L and 5 g of polyethylene glycol PEG-200 were added and the temperature was raised to 50 ° C and the stirring reaction was continued for 20 min, then 20 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide solution was added and the stirring reaction was continued for 2 h, after the reaction was completed, the reaction product was cooled to room temperature, and then centrifuged, the precipitate was washed twice with distilled water, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at a temperature of 60 ° C for 2 h to obtain loaded biochar;

[0039] Step S3: 0.5 g of sodium alginate and 40 mL of deionized water were added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the mixture was stirred at 20° C. and 300 r / min for 20 min, and then 1 g of loaded biochar was added and the stirring reaction was continued for 1 h, and then 3 mL of 5% calcium chloride solution was added and the mixture was heated to 40° C. and the stirring reaction was continued for 20 min. After the reaction was completed, the reaction product was cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate was washed twice with distilled water, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 40° C. for 4 h to obtain a slow-release oxygen supply agent;

[0040] Step S4: 10 g of polyglutamic acid, 1 g of starch and 80 mL of deionized water are added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and stirred for reaction at a temperature of 20° C. and a stirring rate of 300 r / min for 20 min, and then adjusted to pH 5 with a 3% mass fraction acetic acid solution, and then 0.9 g of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane is added and the temperature is raised to 45° C. and the stirring reaction is continued for 20 h. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate is washed twice with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water in sequence, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven, dried at a temperature of 60° C. for 4 h, and then crushed through a 30 sieve to obtain a water-absorbing and water-retaining agent;

[0041] Step S5: weigh 50 parts of plant straw, 25 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 1.8 parts of fermentation agent, 2 parts of slow-release oxygen supply agent, 1.5 parts of water absorbent and water retaining agent, 11 parts of urea, 8 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of superphosphate, 1 part of ferrous sulfate, 1 part of copper sulfate, 1 part of zinc nitrate and 0.8 parts of boric acid according to weight parts, and set aside; the plant straw is rice straw; the livestock and poultry manure is cow dung; the fermentation agent is a mixture of bifidobacterium, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria in equal weight; the number of effective live bacteria in the fermentation bacteria is ≥20 billion / g;

[0042] Step S6: crushing the plant straw, and then mixing it evenly with livestock and poultry manure and fermentation agent, and then composting and fermenting it naturally at 20° C. and 60% water content for 50 days to obtain fermented fertilizer;

[0043] Step S7: Evenly mix the fermented fertilizer, the slow-release oxygen supply agent, the water-absorbing and water-retaining agent, urea, potassium nitrate, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc nitrate and boric acid to obtain a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure.

[0044] Embodiment 2:

[0045] This embodiment is a method for preparing a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure, comprising the following steps:

[0046] Step S1: 5 g of coconut shell was placed in a tube furnace, heated to 510° C. at a heating rate of 9° C. / min, then calcined at a constant temperature for 1.5 h, then cooled with the furnace, then placed in 90 mL of a hydrochloric acid solution with a molar concentration of 1.2 mol / L and soaked for 27 h, then centrifuged, and the precipitate was washed twice with distilled water, then placed in a vacuum drying oven, and dried at a temperature of 72° C. for 2.5 h to obtain a biochar carrier;

[0047] Step S2: 4 g of calcium chloride and 45 mL of deionized water were added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the mixture was stirred at 22° C. and 350 r / min for 25 min. Then, 10 g of biochar carrier was added and the stirring reaction was continued for 1.5 h. Then, 18 mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a molar concentration of 3.5 mol / L and 7 g of polyethylene glycol PEG-200 were added and the mixture was heated to 52° C. and the stirring reaction was continued for 25 min. Then, 22 mL of hydrogen peroxide solution with a mass fraction of 32% was added and the stirring reaction was continued for 2.5 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction product was cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate was washed twice with distilled water and then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 62° C. for 2.5 h to obtain loaded biochar.

[0048] Step S3: 1 g of sodium alginate and 45 mL of deionized water were added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the mixture was stirred at 22° C. and 350 r / min for 25 min. Then, 1 g of loaded biochar was added and the stirring reaction was continued for 1.5 h. Then, 4 mL of a 6% calcium chloride solution was added and the mixture was heated to 42° C. and the stirring reaction was continued for 25 min. After the reaction was completed, the reaction product was cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate was washed twice with distilled water and then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 42° C. for 4.5 h to obtain a slow-release oxygen supply agent.

[0049] Step S4: 10 g of polyglutamic acid, 4 g of starch and 85 mL of deionized water are added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and stirred for reaction at a temperature of 22° C. and a stirring rate of 350 r / min for 25 min, and then adjusted to a pH of 5.5 with a 4% mass fraction acetic acid solution, and then 1.5 g of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane is added and the temperature is raised to 48° C. and the stirring reaction is continued for 25 h. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate is washed twice with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water in sequence, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven, dried at a temperature of 62° C. for 4.5 h, and then crushed through a 40 sieve to obtain a water-absorbing and water-retaining agent;

[0050] Step S5: weigh 55 parts of plant straw, 30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 3 parts of fermentation agent, 7 parts of slow-release oxygen supply agent, 5.5 parts of water absorbent and water retaining agent, 13 parts of urea, 9 parts of potassium nitrate, 6 parts of superphosphate, 2.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 3 parts of copper sulfate, 1.5 parts of zinc nitrate and 1.1 parts of boric acid according to weight parts, and set aside; the plant straw is corn straw; the livestock and poultry manure is sheep manure; the fermentation agent is a mixture of bifidobacterium, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria in equal weight; the number of effective live bacteria in the fermentation bacteria is ≥20 billion / g;

[0051] Step S6: crushing the plant straw, and then mixing it evenly with livestock and poultry manure and fermentation agent, and then composting and fermenting it naturally at 22° C. and a water content of 62% for 52 days to obtain fermented fertilizer;

[0052] Step S7: Evenly mix the fermented fertilizer, the slow-release oxygen supply agent, the water-absorbing and water-retaining agent, urea, potassium nitrate, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc nitrate and boric acid to obtain a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure.

[0053] Embodiment 3:

[0054] This embodiment is a method for preparing a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure, comprising the following steps:

[0055] Step S1: 5 g of coconut shell was placed in a tube furnace, heated to 520°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min, then calcined at a constant temperature for 2 hours, then cooled with the furnace, then placed in 100 mL of a hydrochloric acid solution with a molar concentration of 1.5 mol / L and soaked for 30 hours, then centrifuged, and the precipitate was washed with distilled water for 3 times, then placed in a vacuum drying oven, and dried at 75°C for 3 hours to obtain a biochar carrier;

[0056] Step S2: 6 g of calcium chloride and 50 mL of deionized water were added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and stirred for 30 min at a temperature of 25 ° C and a stirring rate of 400 r / min, and then 10 g of biochar carrier was added and continued to stir for 2 h, and then 20 mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a molar concentration of 4 mol / L and 9 g of polyethylene glycol PEG-200 were added and continued to stir for 30 min under the condition of heating to 55 ° C, and then 25 mL of 35% hydrogen peroxide solution was added and continued to stir for 3 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction product was cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate was washed with distilled water 3 times, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at a temperature of 65 ° C for 3 h to obtain loaded biochar;

[0057] Step S3: 1.5 g of sodium alginate and 50 mL of deionized water were added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the mixture was stirred for reaction at a temperature of 25° C. and a stirring rate of 400 r / min for 30 min. Then, 1 g of loaded biochar was added and the stirring reaction was continued for 2 h. Then, 5 mL of a 7% calcium chloride solution was added and the mixture was heated to 45° C. and the stirring reaction was continued for 30 min. After the reaction was completed, the reaction product was cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate was washed with distilled water for 3 times, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 45° C. for 5 h to obtain a slow-release oxygen supply agent.

[0058] Step S4: 10 g of polyglutamic acid, 7 g of starch and 90 mL of deionized water are added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and stirred for reaction at a temperature of 25° C. and a stirring rate of 400 r / min for 30 min, and then adjusted to pH 6 with a 5% mass fraction acetic acid solution, and then 2.1 g of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane is added and the temperature is raised to 50° C. and the stirring reaction is continued for 30 h. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate is washed with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water for 3 times in sequence, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven, dried at a temperature of 65° C. for 5 h, and then crushed through a 50 sieve to obtain a water-absorbing and water-retaining agent;

[0059] Step S5: weigh 60 parts of plant straw, 35 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 4.2 parts of fermentation agent, 12 parts of slow-release oxygen supply agent, 9.5 parts of water absorbent and water retaining agent, 15 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium nitrate, 7 parts of superphosphate, 4 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5 parts of copper sulfate, 2 parts of zinc nitrate and 1.4 parts of boric acid according to weight parts, and set aside; the plant straw is wheat straw; the livestock and poultry manure is chicken manure; the fermentation agent is a mixture of bifidobacterium, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria in equal weight; the number of effective live bacteria in the fermentation bacteria is ≥20 billion / g;

[0060] Step S6: crushing the plant straw, and then mixing it evenly with livestock and poultry manure and fermentation agent, and then naturally composting and fermenting it at 25° C. and a water content of 65% for 55 days to obtain fermented fertilizer;

[0061] Step S7: Evenly mix the fermented fertilizer, the slow-release oxygen supply agent, the water-absorbing and water-retaining agent, urea, potassium nitrate, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc nitrate and boric acid to obtain a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure.

[0062] Comparative Example 1:

[0063] This comparative example is a method for preparing a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure, comprising the following steps:

[0064] Step S1: weigh 60 parts of plant straw, 35 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 4.2 parts of fermentation agent, 15 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium nitrate, 7 parts of superphosphate, 4 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5 parts of copper sulfate, 2 parts of zinc nitrate and 1.4 parts of boric acid according to weight, and set aside; the plant straw is wheat straw; the livestock and poultry manure is chicken manure; the fermentation agent is a mixture of bifidobacterium, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria in equal weight; the number of effective live bacteria in the fermentation bacteria is ≥20 billion / g;

[0065] Step S2: crushing the plant straw, and then mixing it with livestock and poultry manure and fermentation agent, and then composting and fermenting it naturally at 25° C. and a water content of 65% for 55 days to obtain fermented fertilizer;

[0066] Step S3: Evenly mix the fermented fertilizer, urea, potassium nitrate, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc nitrate and boric acid to obtain a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure.

[0067] Comparative Example 2:

[0068] This comparative example is a method for preparing a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure, comprising the following steps:

[0069] Step S1: 5 g of coconut shell was placed in a tube furnace, heated to 520°C at a heating rate of 10°C / min, then calcined at a constant temperature for 2 hours, then cooled with the furnace, then placed in 100 mL of a hydrochloric acid solution with a molar concentration of 1.5 mol / L and soaked for 30 hours, then centrifuged, and the precipitate was washed with distilled water for 3 times, then placed in a vacuum drying oven, and dried at 75°C for 3 hours to obtain a biochar carrier;

[0070] Step S2: 6 g of calcium chloride and 50 mL of deionized water were added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and stirred for 30 min at a temperature of 25 ° C and a stirring rate of 400 r / min, and then 10 g of biochar carrier was added and continued to stir for 2 h, and then 20 mL of sodium hydroxide solution with a molar concentration of 4 mol / L and 9 g of polyethylene glycol PEG-200 were added and continued to stir for 30 min under the condition of heating to 55 ° C, and then 25 mL of 35% hydrogen peroxide solution was added and continued to stir for 3 h. After the reaction was completed, the reaction product was cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate was washed with distilled water 3 times, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at a temperature of 65 ° C for 3 h to obtain loaded biochar;

[0071] Step S3: 1.5 g of sodium alginate and 50 mL of deionized water were added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and the mixture was stirred for reaction at a temperature of 25° C. and a stirring rate of 400 r / min for 30 min. Then, 1 g of loaded biochar was added and the stirring reaction was continued for 2 h. Then, 5 mL of a 7% calcium chloride solution was added and the mixture was heated to 45° C. and the stirring reaction was continued for 30 min. After the reaction was completed, the reaction product was cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate was washed with distilled water for 3 times, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven and dried at 45° C. for 5 h to obtain a slow-release oxygen supply agent.

[0072] Step S4: weighing 60 parts of plant straw, 35 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 4.2 parts of fermentation agent, 12 parts of slow-release oxygen supply agent, 15 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium nitrate, 7 parts of superphosphate, 4 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5 parts of copper sulfate, 2 parts of zinc nitrate and 1.4 parts of boric acid according to weight parts for use; the plant straw is wheat straw; the livestock and poultry manure is chicken manure; the fermentation agent is a mixture of bifidobacterium, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria in equal weight; the number of effective live bacteria in the fermentation bacteria is ≥20 billion / g;

[0073] Step S5: crushing the plant straw, and then mixing it evenly with livestock and poultry manure and fermentation agent, and then composting and fermenting it naturally at 25° C. and a water content of 65% for 55 days to obtain fermented fertilizer;

[0074] Step S6: Evenly mix the fermented fertilizer, the slow-release oxygen supply agent, urea, potassium nitrate, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc nitrate and boric acid to obtain a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure.

[0075] Comparative Example 3:

[0076] This comparative example is a method for preparing a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure, comprising the following steps:

[0077] Step S1: 10g polyglutamic acid, 7g starch and 90mL deionized water are added to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, and stirred for reaction at a temperature of 25°C and a stirring rate of 400r / min for 30min, and then adjusted to pH 6 with a 5% mass fraction acetic acid solution, and then added with 2.1g γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and continued to stir and react for 30h under the condition of heating to 50°C. After the reaction is completed, the reaction product is cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged. The precipitate is washed with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water for 3 times in sequence, and then placed in a vacuum drying oven, dried at a temperature of 65°C for 5h, and then crushed through a 50 sieve to obtain a water-absorbing and water-retaining agent;

[0078] Step S2: weigh 60 parts of plant straw, 35 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 4.2 parts of fermentation agent, 9.5 parts of water absorbing and retaining agent, 15 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium nitrate, 7 parts of superphosphate, 4 parts of ferrous sulfate, 5 parts of copper sulfate, 2 parts of zinc nitrate and 1.4 parts of boric acid according to weight parts, and set aside; the plant straw is wheat straw; the livestock and poultry manure is chicken manure; the fermentation agent is a mixture of bifidobacterium, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria in equal weight; the number of effective live bacteria in the fermentation bacteria is ≥20 billion / g;

[0079] Step S3: crushing the plant straw, and then mixing it with livestock and poultry manure and fermentation agent, and then composting and fermenting it naturally at 25° C. and a water content of 65% for 55 days to obtain fermented fertilizer;

[0080] Step S4: Evenly mix the fermented fertilizer, water-absorbing and water-retaining agent, urea, potassium nitrate, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc nitrate and boric acid to obtain a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure.

[0081] Performance Testing

[0082] In the same test area, 14 vegetable planting areas were divided into 14 plots, of which 7 plots were soybean planting areas, and 6 of the soybean planting areas were fertilized with the vegetable yield-increasing fertilizers based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, respectively, at a fertilizer rate of 25 kg / mu, and the other 1 soybean planting area was not fertilized, and then Jiyu 701 soybeans were planted in the soybean planting area. In addition, 7 vegetable planting areas were lettuce planting areas, and 6 of the lettuce planting areas were fertilized with the vegetable yield-increasing fertilizers based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, respectively, at a fertilizer rate of 30 kg / mu, and the other 1 lettuce planting area was not fertilized, and then Taihu 695 lettuce was planted in the lettuce planting area.

[0083] The weight was measured after harvest and the results are shown in the following table:

[0084] Fertilization samples Soybean yield, kg / mu Lettuce yield, kg / mu Example 1 308.2 3458.5 Example 2 314.9 3493.1 Example 3 321.0 3447.8 Comparative Example 1 268.3 3033.5 Comparative Example 2 292.8 3341.7 Comparative Example 3 285.5 3299.3 No fertilizer 217.6 2726.8

[0085] Referring to the data in the above table, based on the comparison between fertilization examples 1-3, comparative examples 1-3 samples and the case of no fertilization, it can be known that the vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure of the present application has an obvious yield-increasing effect on the data.

[0086] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0087] The above contents are merely examples and explanations of the present invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the specific embodiments described or replace them in a similar manner. As long as they do not deviate from the invention or exceed the scope defined in this application, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure, characterized in that: It includes the following components by weight: 50-60 parts of plant straw, 25-35 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 1.8-4.2 parts of fermentation bacteria, 2-12 parts of slow-release oxygen supply agent, 1.5-9.5 parts of water absorption and water retention agent, 11-15 parts of urea, 8-10 parts of potassium nitrate, 5-7 parts of superphosphate, 1-4 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-5 parts of copper sulfate, 1-2 parts of zinc nitrate and 0.8-1.4 parts of boric acid; Wherein, the slow-release oxygen supply agent is prepared by the following steps: Step a1: placing the coconut shell in a tubular furnace, heating it to 500-520°C at a heating rate of 8-10°C / min, then calcining it at a constant temperature for 1-2h, then cooling it with the furnace, then soaking it in a hydrochloric acid solution for 24-30h, then centrifuging it, washing the precipitate with distilled water for 2-3 times, then placing it in a vacuum drying oven, and drying it at a temperature of 70-75°C for 2-3h to obtain a biochar carrier; Step a2: Add calcium chloride and deionized water to a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, stir and react for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 20-25°C and a stirring rate of 300-400r / min, then add the biochar carrier and continue to stir and react for 1-2 hours, then add sodium hydroxide solution and polyethylene glycol and continue to stir and react for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 50-55°C, then add hydrogen peroxide solution and continue to stir and react for 2-3 hours, after the reaction is completed, cool the reaction product to room temperature, then centrifuge, wash the precipitate with distilled water 2-3 times, then place it in a vacuum drying oven, and dry it at a temperature of 60-65°C for 2-3 hours to obtain loaded biochar; Step a3: Add sodium alginate and deionized water into a three-necked flask equipped with an agitator and a thermometer, stir and react for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 20-25°C and a stirring rate of 300-400r / min, then add the loaded biochar and continue to stir and react for 1-2 hours, then add the calcium chloride solution and continue to stir and react for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 40-45°C. After the reaction, cool the reaction product to room temperature, then centrifuge it, wash the precipitate with distilled water 2-3 times, then place it in a vacuum drying oven, and dry it at a temperature of 40-45°C for 4-5 hours to obtain a slow-release oxygen supply agent.

2. The vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The usage ratio of the coconut shell and the hydrochloric acid solution in step a1 is 5g:80-100mL; the molar concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution is 1-1.5mol / L.

3. The vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dosage ratio of the calcium chloride, deionized water, biochar carrier, sodium hydroxide solution, polyethylene glycol and hydrogen peroxide solution in step a2 is 2-6g:40-50mL:10g:15-20mL:5-9g:20-25mL; the molar concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 3-4mol / L; the polyethylene glycol is PEG-200; and the mass fraction of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 30-35%.

4. The vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dosage ratio of the sodium alginate, deionized water, loaded biochar and calcium chloride solution in step a3 is 0.5-1.5 g: 40-50 mL: 1 g: 3-5 mL; the mass fraction of the calcium chloride solution is 5-7%.

5. The vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water absorbing and retaining agent is prepared by the following steps: Add polyglutamic acid, starch and deionized water into a three-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a thermometer, stir and react for 20-30 minutes at a temperature of 20-25°C and a stirring rate of 300-400r / min, then adjust the pH to 5-6 with acetic acid solution, then add γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and continue stirring and reacting for 20-30 hours at a temperature of 45-50°C. After the reaction, cool the reaction product to room temperature and then centrifuge it. Wash the precipitate with anhydrous ethanol and distilled water for 2-3 times in turn, then place it in a vacuum drying oven, dry it at a temperature of 60-65°C for 4-5 hours, and then crush it through a 30-50 sieve to obtain a water-absorbing and water-retaining agent.

6. The vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The usage ratio of the polyglutamic acid, starch, deionized water and γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 10g:1-7g:80-90mL:0.9-2.1g; the mass fraction of the acetic acid solution is 3-5%.

7. A method for preparing a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: weigh 50-60 parts of plant straw, 25-35 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 1.8-4.2 parts of fermentation bacteria, 2-12 parts of slow-release oxygen supply agent, 1.5-9.5 parts of water absorption and water retention agent, 11-15 parts of urea, 8-10 parts of potassium nitrate, 5-7 parts of superphosphate, 1-4 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1-5 parts of copper sulfate, 1-2 parts of zinc nitrate and 0.8-1.4 parts of boric acid according to weight, and set aside; Step 2: crush the plant straw, mix it evenly with livestock and poultry manure and fermentation agent, and then naturally compost and ferment it for 50-55 days at 20-25°C and 60-65% water content to obtain fermented fertilizer; Step three: Evenly mix the fermented fertilizer, slow-release oxygen supply agent, water-absorbing and water-retaining agent, urea, potassium nitrate, superphosphate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, zinc nitrate and boric acid to obtain a vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry manure.

8. The method for preparing the vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry excrement according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plant straw is one or a mixture of two or more of rice straw, corn straw, wheat straw and cotton straw.

9. The method for preparing the vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry excrement according to claim 7, characterized in that: The livestock and poultry excrement is one or a mixture of two or more of cow dung, sheep dung, chicken dung and duck dung.

10. The method for preparing the vegetable yield-increasing fertilizer based on plant straw and livestock and poultry excrement according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fermentation bacteria agent is a mixture of bifidobacterium, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria in equal weight; the number of effective live bacteria in the fermentation bacteria is ≥20 billion / g.