Alkali solution and oil stain removing method for removing oil stains in ancient books and literatures of Tibetan paper

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for removing oil stains from ancient books and literatures in Tibetan paper. The method comprises the following steps: 1, preparing a soda solution; step 2, taking the alkaline flower solution, smearing the alkaline flower solution on the oil stain part of the ancient book literature of Tibetan paper, and keeping away from the handwriting patterns on the literature; step 3, standing until the oil stain is fully dissolved; 4, wiping the dissolved greasy dirt, and removing the greasy dirt; and 5, repeatedly executing the steps 1-4 until all oil stains on the Tibetan paper ancient books are removed. Alkali is introduced as a cleaning agent, so that the oil stain removal effect is remarkably improved, and the cleaning time and frequency are reduced. And moreover, the alkaline flowers are non-corrosive to the Tibetan paper, so that the surface oil stain removal effect is good on the premise of not damaging paper fibers, and the integrity and historical information of documents are kept. Meanwhile, the alkali flower is sulfate soda stone water alkali family mineral trona, no pollution is caused to the environment in the Tibetan paper processing process, no harm is caused to the health of operators, and the safety risk in the cleaning process is further reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of restoration of Tibetan paper ancient books and documents, and in particular to an alkali solution for removing oil stains from Tibetan paper ancient books and documents and an oil stain removal method. Background Art

[0002] Tibetan paper ancient books and documents record thousands of years of history. They are important carriers and precious heritage of Tibetan traditional culture and history. These documents not only contain rich knowledge in history, philosophy, religion, art, medicine and other fields, but also reflect the lifestyle, ideas and social changes of the Tibetan people. They are of irreplaceable value for studying Tibetan history and culture and inheriting Tibetan spiritual civilization. However, in the process of document preservation and transmission, due to the long-term use of butter lamps in temples, the oil stains on Tibetan paper ancient books and documents are the most common problem in the restoration of Tibetan paper ancient books and documents.

[0003] The biggest difference between Tibetan paper ancient books and other ancient books in my country is that Tibetan paper is made of paper made by special treatment of wolfsbane roots, and its material is different from straw paper. Therefore, if the oil stain removal method of straw paper is used to remove the oil stain from Tibetan paper ancient books, such as alcohol, potassium permanganate, oxalic acid and edible alkali, although the oil stain can be removed, it will cause secondary damage to the Tibetan paper ancient books and documents, affecting their original state and shelf life.

[0004] When removing oil stains from traditional Tibetan paper restoration technology for ancient books and documents, lighter oil stains can be removed by heat transfer, and heavier oil stains can be removed by pyridine dissolution. However, the toxicity of pyridine organic solvents is difficult to degrade after use. Therefore, after removing the oil stains, it is necessary to immediately wash the paper repeatedly with a large amount of clean water to remove the pyridine residue on the paper surface. The operation is cumbersome and the paper is easily damaged during washing with water. In addition, as mentioned above, methods such as alcohol, potassium permanganate, and oxalic acid are also commonly used to remove oil stains from ancient books and documents, but these methods are often used to remove oil stains in the restoration of other ancient books and documents in China. Removing oil stains in the restoration of Tibetan paper ancient books and documents is not only inefficient, but also easy to cause secondary damage to the documents, including: First, the corrosiveness to Tibetan paper: while these chemical cleaners remove oil stains, they also cause certain damage to the Tibetan paper fibers, causing the paper to become brittle, yellow, or even fall off.

[0005] Second, the operation is complicated: the use of these chemical reagents requires strict control of concentration and operation time, otherwise it is easy to cause excessive cleaning or incomplete cleaning.

[0006] Third, environmental and health risks: These chemical cleaners pose potential threats to the environment and the health of operators. Improper use and handling may cause pollution and health problems.

[0007] Fourth, for some stubborn oil stains, the cleaning effect of traditional methods is not ideal, and multiple treatments are often required, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive and difficult to achieve ideal results.

[0008] In summary, the existing restoration of ancient books and documents has shortcomings in the restoration of Tibetan paper ancient books and documents, and it is difficult to meet the high standards of modern cultural relics protection. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art. The present invention proposes a method for removing oil stains from Tibetan paper and ancient books and documents. The alkali flowers processed by treating soil alkali collected from natural lakes in Tibet are used as a cleaning agent. The cleaning agent not only has high-efficiency decontamination ability, but is also non-corrosive to Tibetan paper. It can effectively remove oil stains and maintain the integrity of the documents.

[0010] A caustic soda solution for removing oil stains from Tibetan paper and ancient books and documents, the caustic soda solution is prepared by the following steps: Step 1: Take the soil alkali and leave it for 1-2 years; Step 2: according to the demand, take the corresponding weight of soil alkali and stir-fry it at a temperature of 90°C-100°C to prepare alkali flower; Step 3: Weigh the dried alkali flower, add warm water and stir thoroughly to dissolve, to obtain an alkali flower solution.

[0011] Furthermore, in step 1, soil alkali is obtained from lakes in Tibet at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters from September to October, and the soil alkali is natural alkali of the sulfate-type soda ash family mineral.

[0012] Furthermore, the temperature of stir-frying the alkali soil in step 2 is 95°C.

[0013] Furthermore, the ambient temperature when stir-frying the alkali soil in step 2 is 10°C-20°C.

[0014] Furthermore, in step 2, the earth alkali is stir-fried for 30 minutes to 1 hour until the earth alkali turns vermilion.

[0015] Furthermore, the specific steps of step 3 are: weigh 5 g of alkali flower, add 95 mL of warm water at 40°C-50°C and stir to dissolve.

[0016] A method for removing oil pollution based on alkali flower solution comprises the following steps: Step 1: Take the prepared alkali flower solution; Step 2: Apply the alkali solution to the oily areas on the ancient Tibetan paper documents, avoiding the handwriting patterns on the documents; Step 3: Let it stand until the oil is fully dissolved; Step 4: Wipe the dissolved oil stains to remove the oil stains; Step 5: Repeat steps 1 to 4 until all the oil stains on the Tibetan paper ancient books and documents are removed.

[0017] Furthermore, the standing time in step 3 is 2-3 minutes.

[0018] Therefore, the present invention adopts the above-mentioned method for removing oil stains from Tibetan paper ancient books and documents, which has the following beneficial effects: First, the present invention uses the alkali collected from the natural lakes in Tibet as raw materials, processes and treats them to prepare alkali flowers, and uses them to remove oil stains on the surface of Tibetan paper and ancient books and documents. This is a new use of the alkali collected from the natural lakes in Tibet, and at the same time, it also expands new technical means in the field of cultural relics protection and fills the gap in the decontamination technology in the restoration of ancient books and documents made of special materials such as Tibetan paper. Second, traditional methods for restoring ancient books and documents mostly use chemical reagents, while the present invention uses natural raw materials - natural lake alkali in the Tibetan Plateau, which is not only more environmentally friendly, but also has a good oil pollution removal effect; Third, the efficiency and safety of this method are proved through comparative experiments. The oil stains on ancient Tibetan paper treated with alkali flower are completely removed, and the paper fibers are intact. It is easy to operate and easy to promote and apply.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The figure is a working process diagram of the method proposed in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2a is the pH value before the alkali flower removes the oil stains on the Tibetan paper and ancient books in the embodiment, Figure 2b This is the pH value after the oil stains on Tibetan paper and ancient books were removed by using earth alkali in the example.

[0022] Figure 3 The figures are comparative results of dissolving ghee with different solvents in the examples.

[0023] Figure 4 The following are the comparison results of saponification reaction of edible alkali and alkali flower with ghee using different concentrations in the examples.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a fiber structure diagram of Tibetan paper after being treated with different solvents in the example.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a diagram showing the damage status of Tibetan paper after it was treated with different solvents in the example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope limited by the claims attached to the application.

[0027] The invention discloses an alkali solution for removing oil stains from Tibetan paper and ancient books and documents. The alkali solution is prepared by the following steps: Step 1: Take the soil alkali and place it for 1-2 years to evaporate the water in it; Step 2: according to the demand, take the corresponding weight of soil alkali and stir-fry it at a temperature of 90°C-100°C to prepare alkali flower; Step 3: Weigh the dried alkali flower, add warm water and stir thoroughly to dissolve, to obtain an alkali flower solution.

[0028] Specifically, the soil alkali is the soil alkali in Tibetan lakes at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters from September to October.

[0029] Stir-frying the caustic soda at a temperature of 90°C to 100°C for 30 minutes to 1 hour at a room temperature of 10°C to 20°C until the caustic soda turns vermilion, at which point the caustic soda has completely removed moisture, thereby obtaining the prepared caustic soda flower; Next, weigh 5 g of alkali flower, add 95 mL of warm water at 40-50° C., stir and dissolve to obtain an alkali flower solution.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, based on the above-mentioned alkali solution, the present invention also discloses an oil stain removal method for removing oil stains from Tibetan paper ancient books and documents, which comprises the following steps: Step 1: Take the prepared alkali flower solution; Step 2: Use a clean brush to dip the alkali solution and apply it to the oily areas on the Tibetan paper and ancient books, avoiding the handwriting patterns on the documents. Let it sit for 2-3 minutes until the oil is fully dissolved. Step 3: Take another clean cotton swab or brush and gently wipe the oily area to remove the oil; Step 4: Repeat steps 1 to 3 until all the oil stains on the Tibetan paper and ancient books and documents are removed and the Tibetan characters are still clearly preserved on the Tibetan paper.

[0031] In order to improve the cleaning efficiency, the present invention introduces alkali flower obtained by processing the alkaline soil of natural lakes in the plateau as a cleaning agent, which significantly improves the oil removal effect and reduces the cleaning time and number of times. In addition, the alkali flower is non-corrosive to Tibetan paper, and can remove surface oil stains effectively without damaging the paper fibers, thereby maintaining the integrity and historical information of the document. Moreover, as a natural raw material, the semi-finished alkali flower does not pollute the environment during the treatment of Tibetan paper oil stains, is harmless to the health of operators, and further reduces the safety risks during the cleaning process. Example 1

[0032] Take 500 g of soil alkali that has been stored for 1-2 years, stir-fry at 90° C. to prepare alkali flower, then weigh the dried alkali flower, add warm water and stir to dissolve, to obtain an alkali flower solution. Example 2

[0033] Take 500 g of soil alkali that has been stored for 1-2 years, stir-fry at 95° C. to prepare alkali flower, weigh the dried alkali flower, add warm water and stir to dissolve, to obtain an alkali flower solution. Example 3

[0034] 500 g of soil alkali stored for 1-2 years is taken and stir-fried at 100° C. to prepare alkali flower. The dried alkali flower is weighed and added with warm water to be fully stirred and dissolved to obtain an alkali flower solution. Example 4

[0035] Application of the alkali flower solution prepared by the above embodiment: When heated under alkaline conditions, oil undergoes saponification reaction to form sodium fatty acid and glycerol, which not only increases water solubility but also produces surface activity, making it easy to remove oil. Oil stains are mainly composed of some substances with small polar molecules such as fatty acids. Alcohol also has a relatively small polarity. According to the principle of like dissolves like, oil stains can be dissolved in alcohol. Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidant that can react with organic matter to produce oxidation. When potassium permanganate solution comes into contact with oil stains, the high-valent manganese ions in potassium permanganate will react with hydrocarbons in organic matter to produce carbon dioxide and water, thereby decomposing the oil stains. Ghee is animal oil, and its main components are carbon oxides (fats, triglycerides, etc.), so potassium permanganate may not be suitable for removing oil from ancient books.

[0036] In order to verify the effect of the oil stain removal method proposed in the present invention, the decontamination effect of the method is compared with that of different cleaning solutions, and the following comparative experiments are conducted: 1. Comparison of pH before and after the removal of oil stains on Tibetan paper and ancient books by alkali flowers processed with earth alkali Experimental method: Use a portable pH meter to measure the pH value of Tibetan paper ancient books and documents before and after the oil stains are removed.

[0037] Experimental results: Figure 2a-2b As shown, the pH before treatment is 5.45, and the pH after treatment is 7.25, which proves that the cleaning efficiency of the method proposed in the present invention is high.

[0038] 2. Comparison of the solubility of alkali flower, edible alkali, potassium permanganate and 75% alcohol in oil stains Experimental method: Melt the ghee, drop it into the above solution, shake it gently and observe the dissolution result.

[0039] Experimental results: Ghee drops are quickly dissolved in alkali flower and edible alkali, but the dissolution speed in edible alkali is slightly slower. However, due to the low temperature of alkali flower and edible alkali solution, the ghee part solidifies into a solid; Ghee drops in 70% alcohol quickly solidify into a bead-like solid and cannot be dissolved; Ghee drops in potassium permanganate solution form an oil film floating on the liquid surface and cannot be dissolved. Figure 3 shown.

[0040] 3. Comparison of saponification reactions of different concentrations of edible alkali and alkali flowers with oil stains on Tibetan paper and ancient books Experimental method: Take excess ghee and immerse it in 1%, 5% and 10% alkali flower and edible alkali solutions respectively, and observe the speed at which the saponification reaction reaches saturation.

[0041] Experimental results: After one hour of observation, oil droplets appeared on the surface of edible alkali solutions of different concentrations, but no obvious oil droplets appeared on the surface of alkali flower solution, indicating that alkali flower solution has a stronger ability to remove grease. Figure 4 shown.

[0042] 4. Comparison of damage to Tibetan paper caused by different treatment methods Experimental method: After treating Tibetan paper with solvents of the same concentration, observe the microstructure of Tibetan paper under a microscope: 1) Wet the Tibetan paper slightly with pure water, make a glass slide and observe it under a microscope at 40 times magnification; 2) Soak the Tibetan paper in a 0.5%-3% potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes, rinse with pure water, and then soak in an oxalic acid solution of the same concentration, rinse until it is almost colorless (about 1 minute), and rinse with pure water. 3) Soak the Tibetan paper in a 1%-10% concentration of earth alkali and edible alkali solution for 1 hour, and rinse with pure water.

[0043] Experimental results: 1) The Tibetan paper fibers in the glass slide made by wetting the Tibetan paper with pure water are crisscrossed to form a complex three-dimensional structure, mixed with a large number of ducts and other tissues. 2) The Tibetan paper is slightly thinner when observed with the naked eye. When gently pulled, the Tibetan paper still has good toughness. When the glass slide is magnified 40 times under a microscope, it can be seen that the Tibetan paper fibers have no obvious breakage, shrinkage or structural changes. This shows that the treatment method has no obvious damage to the Tibetan paper in a short time. After soaking for 1 hour, the Tibetan paper becomes significantly thinner, and the color becomes significantly lighter and the toughness becomes worse after rinsing with oxalic acid. When soaked for more than 3 hours, the Tibetan paper is torn and has no shape, and a large amount of sticky substances accumulate at the bottom of the beaker. However, when observed under a microscope with a magnification of 40 times, the fibers still have no obvious changes. Therefore, it can be seen that potassium permanganate-oxalic acid solution has no obvious damage to the Tibetan paper fibers, but it will corrode other components such as starch in the Tibetan paper, causing the Tibetan paper to break easily. 3) When soaked in alkali flower and edible alkali solution, the Tibetan paper becomes slightly thinner and still has good toughness. When the slides were made and observed under a microscope with a magnification of 40 times, it was found that the Tibetan paper fibers had no obvious breakage, shrinkage or structural changes. This indicates that the treatment method has little damage to the Tibetan paper. Figure 5-Figure 6 shown.

[0044] From the above comparative experimental results, we can see that: (1) Efficient cleaning. Alkali flower can effectively remove oil stains on Tibetan paper ancient books and documents (PH=5.45 before treatment, PH7.25 after treatment), indicating high cleaning efficiency. It will not damage the paper, which is conducive to protecting the integrity and historical value of ancient books.

[0045] (2) Easy to operate. The process of using alkali flower as a cleaning agent is simple to operate and does not require complicated techniques and equipment, which lowers the technical threshold of restoration work and is suitable for large-scale application.

[0046] (3) Environmentally friendly and harmless. Soda ash is a natural environmentally friendly material. It does not produce harmful substances during use, does not pollute the environment, is harmless to the health of operators, and reduces the safety risks of the cleaning process.

[0047] (4) Reduce restoration costs. Compared with traditional chemical cleaners, soil alkali has a low cost and does not require additional processing equipment. It only needs to be heated and dehydrated to prepare alkali flowers, which can significantly reduce the total cost of ancient book restoration.

[0048] (5) Protect and inherit cultural heritage. Through efficient and safe cleaning methods, we can better protect and restore ancient Tibetan paper books and documents, which will help protect and inherit cultural heritage.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A caustic soda solution for removing oil stains from Tibetan paper and ancient books, characterized in that: The alkali flower solution is prepared by the following steps: Step 1: Take the soil alkali and leave it for 1-2 years; Step 2: according to the demand, take the corresponding weight of soil alkali and stir-fry it at a temperature of 90°C-100°C to prepare alkali flower; Step 3: Weigh the dried alkali flower, add warm water and stir thoroughly to dissolve, to obtain an alkali flower solution.

2. The alkali solution for removing oil stains from Tibetan paper and ancient books as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1: obtaining soil alkali from lakes in Tibet at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters from September to October, wherein the soil alkali is a sulfate-type soda ash mineral natural alkali.

3. The alkali solution for removing oil stains from Tibetan paper and ancient books as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of stir-frying the caustic soda in step 2 is 95°C.

4. The alkali solution for removing oil stains from Tibetan paper and ancient books as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The ambient temperature when stir-frying the earth alkali in step 2 is 10°C-20°C.

5. The alkali solution for removing oil stains from Tibetan paper and ancient books as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, stir-fry the earthenware for 30 minutes to 1 hour until the earthenware turns vermilion.

6. The alkali solution for removing oil stains from Tibetan paper and ancient books as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of step 3 are: weigh 5 g of alkali flower, add 95 mL of 40°C-50°C warm water and stir to dissolve.

7. A method for removing oil pollution based on the alkali solution according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Take the prepared alkali flower solution; Step 2: Apply the alkali solution to the oily areas on the ancient Tibetan paper documents, avoiding the handwriting patterns on the documents; Step 3: Let it stand until the oil is fully dissolved; Step 4: Wipe the dissolved oil stains to remove the oil stains; Step 5: Repeat steps 1 to 4 until all the oil stains on the Tibetan paper ancient books and documents are removed.

8. The oil pollution removal method based on alkali flower solution according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The resting time in step 3 is 2-3 minutes.

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