Pre-baked continuous anode aluminum electrolysis cell and aluminum electrolysis production method

Abstract

The invention relates to a prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolysis cell and an aluminum electrolysis production method.The prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolysis cell comprises a cell body, a cell cover arranged on the cell body, a main beam and an anode, the main beam and the anode are arranged above the cell cover, a heat preservation box is arranged at the top of the cell cover, and at least part of the main beam is located in the heat preservation box; a lifting device extending downwards is fixed to the section, located in the heat preservation box, of the main beam, a bus beam is fixed to the lower end of the lifting device, a conductive first clamp is fixed to the bus beam, a second clamp is arranged under the first clamp, and the anode is clamped and fixed through the first clamp and the second clamp. The lower end of the anode movably penetrates through the tank cover and extends into the tank body; the anode comprises at least two anode sections which are detachably connected end to end. The prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolysis cell solves the problems of frequent pole change, high pole change labor intensity, heat loss, smoke and waste gas escape and the like of a traditional electrolysis cell, is beneficial to energy conservation and consumption reduction, and improves the stability of aluminum electrolysis production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell and an aluminum electrolysis production method, belonging to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis. Background Art

[0002] Since the Hall-Heroult electrolysis was introduced into aluminum smelting in 1886, although the aluminum smelting process and principle have remained consistent, the construction and performance of the key equipment, the aluminum electrolytic cell, has undergone significant evolution. The development of aluminum electrolytic cells has gone through several stages from small prebaked anode cells to ultra-large prebaked anode cells. Currently, prebaked anode cells with intermediate point unloading are used. With the advancement of science and technology, the rising cost of energy, the improvement of environmental protection standards and the increase in labor costs, aluminum electrolytic cells are developing in the direction of larger scale, higher automation and more environmental protection. At present, the 600kA prebaked anode cell is the largest capacity cell in operation, and it is expected that larger capacity, higher automation level and more environmentally friendly cell types will be put into use in the future.

[0003] Although aluminum reduction cells have undergone many years of technological innovation and optimization in terms of structural performance, both modern large-scale prebaked anode cells and early self-baked anode cells still have some significant defects. The current large-scale prebaked anode aluminum reduction cells mainly face three problems: first, the pole replacement operation and residual anode treatment are labor-intensive, requiring a large amount of manpower, material and financial resources to maintain the normal operation of the cell; second, the upper sealing of the electrolytic cell is insufficient, resulting in a large amount of heat energy loss, and the production site environment is also affected by the emission of smoke and dust; finally, due to the unreasonable cell design and anode layout, the anode has a large disturbance on the aluminum liquid-electrolyte interface during pole replacement and busbar lifting, and the current density is unevenly distributed, affecting the current efficiency. These problems are particularly obvious during pole replacement and continue to exist in daily production. For example, if they are not cleaned frequently, the cell control box and gas control cabinet will soon accumulate a lot of dust. The main reason is the existence of multiple feed ports and fire eyes during the production process, and the gas collection device is located outside the thermal insulation sealing space. The smoke and dust exhaust mainly escapes from the shelling and discharge ports and the fire eyes, filling the space enclosed by the tank door cover and the upper facilities of the electrolytic cell, and is eventually sucked into the gas collection hood and flue due to the negative pressure. The slot door cover gap and operations such as pole changing and scooping carbon slag require opening the tank door cover, causing some smoke and dust to spread to the production site. The heat loss of the electrolytic cell is 55% in the upper part, 38% in the side part, and 7% in the bottom part, indicating that most of the heat is lost through the upper part.

[0004] In aluminum electrolysis production, prebaked anodes can be used continuously without replacement, which is a relatively novel anode structure. Usually, prebaked anodes are used intermittently, and the service life of an anode carbon block is 25 to 30 days. Prebaked anode carbon blocks are gradually consumed during use. When the remaining height is 13 to 18 cm, a new anode carbon block must be taken out of the electrolytic cell for replacement. In order to reduce and eliminate residual anodes and reduce the consumption of anode carbon blocks, some scholars have proposed continuous prebaked anodes. For example, Chinese invention patent application CN 110453247A discloses a continuous anode device for prebaked carbon blocks in aluminum electrolytic cells. The device adopts a movable conductive rod-prebaked anode block-metal box-anode support method to achieve continuity, but the resistance between the conductive rod and the anode is too large during use, and the corrosion problem of the anode support in the electrolyte is difficult to solve. Chinese utility model patent CN2551660Y proposes a prebaked anode aluminum electrolytic cell, which conducts electricity through a clamping device and a clamping palm, and the anode is composed of irregular core and edge blocks to achieve continuity. However, this type of anode has a large change in appearance during consumption, which will cause uneven current density distribution and affect normal production; moreover, it does not solve the problem of how to lift the frame after it drops to the lowest limit.

[0005] As can be seen from the above, at present, the poles of aluminum reduction cells are frequently changed, which is labor-intensive. The anodes cause great disturbance to the aluminum liquid-electrolyte interface when changing poles and lifting the busbar. At the same time, the upper part of the aluminum reduction cell is not sealed enough, resulting in a large amount of heat energy loss and smoke and exhaust gas escape. The unreasonable cell design and anode layout make the current density unevenly distributed, affecting the current efficiency, which is not conducive to the development of the aluminum electrolysis industry towards energy conservation and environmental protection. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, one of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a novel prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell; a second purpose of the present invention is to provide an aluminum electrolysis production method.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell comprises a cell body, a cell cover arranged on the cell body, a main beam arranged above the cell cover, and an anode. A heat preservation box is arranged on the top of the cell cover, at least part of the main beam is located in the heat preservation box, a downwardly extending lifting device is fixed to the section of the main beam located in the heat preservation box, a busbar crossbeam is fixed to the lower end of the lifting device, a first conductive clamp is fixed to the busbar crossbeam, the first clamp is electrically connected to the busbar crossbeam, a second clamp is arranged directly below the first clamp, the anode is clamped and fixed by the first clamp and the second clamp, and the lower end of the anode can movably pass through the cell cover and extend into the cell body; the anode comprises at least two anode segments detachably connected end to end; and an openable and closable mounting cover is arranged on the heat preservation box.

[0009] Therefore, as the electrolysis process proceeds, it is only necessary to loosen the second clamp and control the busbar beam, the first clamp and the anode to descend to the target position through the lifting device to maintain the target pole distance and maintain the normal and stable progress of the electrolysis; the descent range of the lifting device is limited. When the busbar beam and the lifting device descend to the limit position and the busbar beam or the lifting device needs to be lifted, it is only necessary to loosen the first clamp and keep the second clamp clamping the anode to quickly complete the lifting operation. During this process, the position of the anode remains unchanged, which will not cause fluctuations in the aluminum liquid and the electrolyte, and affect the stability of the liquid level and the interface in the tank body, thereby maintaining the normal and stable progress of the electrolysis; when the anode is consumed to a certain extent and an anode segment needs to be installed, the installation cover can be opened, the anode segment can be hoisted in and connected to the top of the anode, without the need for traditional pole changing operations, which can avoid the adverse effects of fluctuations on the electrolyte and aluminum liquid interface during the process of hoisting the residual anode out of the tank body and the new anode entering the tank body. Therefore, the prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention can achieve continuous and stable operation of the aluminum electrolytic cell through the mutual cooperation of the lifting device, the first clamp, the second clamp and the anode of a specific structure, which helps to save energy and reduce consumption and improve the stability of the aluminum liquid quality.

[0010] In addition, the insulation box is located on the top of the tank cover, so that the temperature inside the insulation box is higher than the ambient temperature, which preheats the anode section that is not yet immersed in the electrolyte, helps to reduce the temperature fluctuation in the electrolytic cell when the pole distance is adjusted, and can better maintain the thermal field balance and stability in the aluminum electrolytic cell, allowing the electrolysis process to proceed more smoothly.

[0011] Further, the first clamp includes a clamp fixed on the side of the busbar crossbeam and through which the anode segment can pass, a telescopic mechanism is fixed on the busbar crossbeam, a first movable clamp block is provided at the free end of the telescopic mechanism, and the anode can be clamped between the clamp and the first movable clamp block; preferably, the number of the clamp and the first movable clamp block on the busbar crossbeam are both 2, and they are symmetrically arranged on the busbar crossbeam. In this way, the clamping and loosening of the anode can be conveniently achieved. Optionally, the telescopic mechanism is a gas cylinder or an oil cylinder.

[0012] Optionally, the lifting device is a mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or electric lifting device. Optionally, the lifting device is a gas cylinder or an oil cylinder.

[0013] Optionally, the second clamp is driven mechanically, hydraulically, pneumatically or electrically.

[0014] Furthermore, the second clamp includes a base, at least two thread grooves arranged on the base and a screw connected to the thread grooves, the base is provided with an opening for the anode to pass through, the thread grooves are evenly distributed along the circumference of the opening, the length direction of each thread groove is toward the center line of the opening, a slider is connected to one end of the screw facing the opening, and a second movable clamp is connected to the slider; the screw and the slider are movably connected, and / or the slider and the second movable clamp are movably connected; preferably, the number of the thread grooves is 2-6. Thus, by rotating the screw, the degree of clamping of the second movable clamp on the anode can be controlled, thereby controlling its clamping or loosening of the anode.

[0015] Furthermore, one end face of the anode segment is provided with a protrusion integrally connected to the anode segment, the anode segment and the protrusion are made of the same material, and the other end face of the anode segment is provided with a pit matching the protrusion; thus, the presence of the protrusion and the pit can increase the contact area between adjacent anode segments, improve the conductivity, and enable adjacent anode segments to be stacked more stably to form an anode. Adjacent anode segments can be connected by conductive glue or threaded connection. Preferably, the protrusion is cylindrical or truncated cone-shaped, the protrusion is provided with an external thread, and the pit is provided with an internal thread matching the external thread, thereby enabling a more stable threaded connection between adjacent anode segments, and even if the second clamp is loosened, there is no need to worry about the lowermost anode segment falling off; preferably, the cross section of the anode in the horizontal direction is one of circular, rectangular, and fan-shaped. Preferably, in the anode, a block matching the pit is fixed in the pit of the lowermost anode segment. Preferably, the material of the anode segment is a carbon anode.

[0016] Furthermore, the distance between the first clamp and the second clamp in the vertical direction is greater than the length of the anode segment, whereby the first clamp and the second clamp are respectively clamped on different anode segments, which helps to improve the clamping stability of the entire anode; preferably, the distance between the first clamp and the second clamp in the vertical direction is less than twice the length of the anode segment, whereby when clamping, the first clamp and the second clamp are respectively clamped on adjacent anode segments, and the number of anode segments below the first clamp and above the second clamp is not too large, which helps to reduce the requirements for the clamps.

[0017] Furthermore, the tank cover has a steel frame and a cover plate arranged on the steel frame, and the second clamp is fixed on the tank cover.

[0018] Furthermore, the installation cover is located directly above the first fixture, thereby facilitating the installation of the anode segment and placing the heat preservation box in a better sealed state.

[0019] Furthermore, the trough body is a rectangular trough, the number of the busbar crossbeams is multiple, the multiple busbar crossbeams are distributed in sequence along the length direction of the main beam, and adjacent busbar crossbeams are connected by soft busbars; preferably, the material of the soft busbar is pure copper. Therefore, personalized adjustment of different anode positions can be facilitated.

[0020] Optionally, the busbar crossbeam is made of steel or aluminum.

[0021] Furthermore, the tank body is a circular tank, the number of the anodes is multiple, and the multiple anodes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the tank body. The technology of the present invention can be applied to existing tanks, new fully enclosed electrolytic cells and new circular electrolytic cells, and has a wide range of applications.

[0022] Optionally, the specific structure of the cell body may adopt the cell body structure of the current industrial aluminum electrolysis cell.

[0023] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides an aluminum electrolysis production method, which is carried out using the prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolysis cell as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0024] S1, start the pre-baked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell;

[0025] S2. During the production process, when the pole pitch needs to be adjusted, the second clamp is controlled to release the anode, the first clamp is kept clamping the anode, the busbar beam is controlled to descend through the lifting device so that the anode is lowered to the target position, and then the second clamp is controlled to clamp the anode to complete the pole pitch adjustment;

[0026] When the busbar beam needs to be lifted after it has dropped to the lowest height, the first clamp is controlled to release the anode, the second clamp is kept clamped to hold the anode, and the busbar beam is raised to the target height by the lifting device, and then the first clamp is controlled to clamp the anode to complete the lifting of the busbar beam;

[0027] When it is necessary to install an additional anode segment, open the installation cover, hoist the anode segment to be installed into the insulation box, connect the anode segment to the top of the anode, and close the installation cover.

[0028] In view of the defects and shortcomings of the existing aluminum electrolytic cells, such as frequent pole changing, high labor intensity, large disturbance of the aluminum liquid-electrolyte interface, insufficient sealing, large heat loss and smoke and exhaust gas escape, and uneven current density distribution caused by unreasonable design, and low current efficiency, the prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell provided by the present invention can effectively reduce the pole changing frequency and labor intensity of the electrolytic cell, reduce heat loss and smoke and exhaust gas escape, optimize the current density distribution, improve the current efficiency, avoid the influence of pole changing operations, busbar lifting operations and other operations on the melt fluctuations in the aluminum electrolytic cell, and help to achieve the purpose of reducing costs, increasing efficiency, saving energy and reducing emissions in aluminum electrolysis.

[0029] The prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention solves the problems of frequent pole changing and high labor intensity of pole changing, large aluminum liquid-electrolyte interface disturbance, heat loss and smoke and exhaust gas escape in traditional electrolytic cells, making the current density distribution of the electrolytic cell more uniform, helping to improve current efficiency and realize continuous production of aluminum electrolytic cells and energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The present invention replaces the traditional pre-baked block anode with a pre-baked combined columnar continuous anode, which can realize the continuous operation of the aluminum electrolytic cell without changing the pole, which greatly reduces the high labor intensity of frequent pole changing, reduces the time and frequency of opening the cell cover, and reduces the heat loss and smoke and exhaust gas escape. In addition, the electrolytic cell of the present invention can conveniently realize operations such as pole distance adjustment and busbar lifting, which can effectively reduce the disturbance of electrolyte melt and aluminum liquid, maintain the stability of the interfaces of each phase in the cell body, and make the electrolytic cell run more smoothly.

[0032] The present invention replaces the traditional boat-shaped electrolytic cell with a circular electrolytic cell or a rectangular electrolytic cell, and then uses the prebaked combined columnar continuous anode with a circular, rectangular or circular sector cross-section as described in the present invention to make the current density distribution of the electrolytic cell more uniform, thereby improving the current efficiency.

[0033] The present invention improves the stability of the electrolytic cell during the operations of raising and lowering the anode and lifting the busbar by using a double-clamp linkage system formed by a busbar crossbeam, a first clamp, a second clamp, etc., thereby reducing the disturbance to the aluminum liquid-electrolyte interface, avoiding abnormal conditions, and helping to better maintain the stability and balance of physical fields such as the thermal field in the aluminum electrolytic cell.

[0034] The present invention optimizes the design of the top and side tank covers on the basis of traditional covering materials and tank cover insulation, and adds a heat preservation box, thereby further strengthening the sealing and heat preservation of the electrolytic cell, reducing heat loss and smoke and exhaust gas escape; the anode can also be preheated to reduce the adverse effect on the electrolytic cell caused by the fresh anode section entering the melt when the pole distance is adjusted.

[0035] As described above, the present invention replaces the prebaked block anode of the traditional electrolytic cell with a prebaked combined columnar continuous anode to propose a new type of prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell, which solves the problems of frequent pole changing and high labor intensity of pole changing, heat loss and smoke and exhaust gas emission in the traditional electrolytic cell, and makes the current density distribution of the electrolytic cell more uniform, improves the current efficiency, helps to save energy and reduce consumption, and enhances the stability of aluminum electrolysis production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell.

[0037] Figure 2a The present invention is a top view of a prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell.

[0038] Figure 2b The figure is a top view of another prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2c The present invention is a top view of another prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell.

[0040] Figure 2d The present invention is a top view of another prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell.

[0041] Figure 2e The present invention is a top view of another prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell.

[0042] Figure 3 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a main beam, a lifting device, a busbar crossbeam and a soft busbar of a prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell.

[0043] Figure 4a This is a schematic diagram of an anode structure of the present invention, wherein the left figure is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure, and the right figure is a schematic diagram of the half-section structure.

[0044] Figure 4b This is another schematic diagram of the anode structure of the present invention, wherein the left figure is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure, and the right figure is a schematic diagram of the half-section structure.

[0045] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the main beam, support beam, insulation box and other structures of a prebaked continuous anode electrolytic cell of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 6a It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a first clamp of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 6b for Figure 6a A top partial cross-sectional view of the first clamp is shown.

[0048] Figure 7 A partial cross-sectional view of the connection position between the lifting device and the busbar beam.

[0049] Figure 8 It is a top view of a second clamp of the present invention.

[0050] In the figure, 1, installation cover; 2, insulation box; 3, main beam; 4, lifting device; 5, insulation layer; 6, second clamp; 7, side tank cover; 8, top tank cover; 9, side tank shell; 10, side lining; 11, artificial legs; 12, bottom insulation lining; 13, bottom tank shell; 14, cathode steel rod; 15, cathode carbon block; 16, aluminum liquid; 17, electrolyte; 18, tank side and legs; 19, insulation covering material; 20, smoke and exhaust gas collection device; 21, unloading device; 2 2. First clamp; 23. Busbar crossbeam; 24. Anode; 2401-anode segment; 2402-protrusion; 2403-pit; 2404-block; 25-support beam; 26-soft busbar; 27. Support steel bar; 28. Support crossbeam; 29. ​​First movable clamp; 30. Telescopic mechanism; 31. Base; 32. Threaded groove; 33. Sliding block; 34. Second movable clamp; 35. Screw; 36. Transmission gear set; 37. Driving motor; 38-clamp. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other without conflict. For the convenience of description, if the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" appear in the following, they only indicate that the upper, lower, left and right directions are consistent with the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.

[0052] See also Figure 1A high-efficiency and energy-saving prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell, comprising a cell body, a cell cover arranged on the cell body, a main beam 3 and an anode 24 (carbon anode, graphitized carbon block) arranged above the cell cover, a support beam 25, a side liner 10, an artificial leg 11, a bottom insulation liner 12, a bottom cell shell 13, a cathode steel rod 14, a cathode carbon block 15, aluminum liquid 16, an electrolyte 17, a cell side and a leg 18, an insulation covering material 19, a smoke and exhaust gas collecting device 20, and a feeding device 21. The top of the cell cover is provided with an insulation box 2, at least part of the main beam 3 is located in the insulation box 2, and the main beam A downwardly extending lifting device 4 is fixed on the section located in the heat preservation box 2, and a busbar crossbeam 23 is fixed at the lower end of the lifting device 4. A conductive first clamp 22 is fixed on the busbar crossbeam 23, and the first clamp 22 is electrically connected to the busbar crossbeam 23. A second clamp 6 is provided directly below the first clamp 22. The anode 24 is clamped and fixed by the first clamp 22 and the second clamp 6. The lower end of the anode 24 can movably pass through the slot cover and extend into the slot body; the anode 24 includes three anode segments 2401 that are detachably connected end to end; and an installation cover 1 that can be opened and closed is provided on the heat preservation box 2. Referring to FIG. 2, the main beam 3 is supported by multiple support beams 24, the lower ends of which are fixed to the ground, and the multiple support beams are dispersed and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main beam. The material of the busbar crossbeam is steel. Optionally, the support beam and the main beam can be made of high-temperature resistant reinforced concrete or thick steel plates. Optionally, the support beam and the main beam made of high-temperature resistant reinforced concrete are prepared with high-aluminum refractory cement, coarse and fine aggregates and water, and then cast in a mold installed with high-temperature calcium silicate board and ceramic fireproof cloth. The high-temperature calcium silicate board and ceramic fireproof cloth are cast together and bonded to the bottom of the main beam. The support beam and the main beam can also be made of thick steel plates, and the high-temperature calcium silicate board and ceramic fireproof cloth are connected to the bottom of the steel plate with screws. Optionally, the surface of the anode is sprayed with an anode anti-oxidation adhesive layer. Optionally, see Figure 5 A plurality of supporting steel bars and a plurality of supporting beams are arranged in the insulation box 2, one end of the supporting steel bar is fixed on the wall of the insulation box, and the other end of the supporting steel bar is fixed on the main beam or the supporting beam to play a reinforcing role. It should be noted that the setting position of the supporting steel bar shall not affect the installation and movement of components such as the anode, the lifting device, and the busbar beam; the top slot cover is placed on the supporting beam, and the two ends of the supporting beam are respectively fixed on the supporting beam, which can play a reinforcing role and facilitate the stable fixation of the second clamp.

[0053] By means of the above structure, the busbar beam, the first clamp, the anode, the electrolyte, the aluminum liquid, the cathode carbon block, and the cathode steel rod can be connected in sequence to form a current path, so that the electrolysis process can proceed smoothly.

[0054] Referring to Fig. 6, the first clamp 22 includes a clamp 38 fixed on the side of the busbar crossbeam 23 and through which the anode segment can pass, a telescopic mechanism 30 is fixed on the busbar crossbeam 23, a first movable clamp block 29 is provided at the free end of the telescopic mechanism 30, and the anode 24 can be clamped between the clamp 38 and the first movable clamp block 29; an opening is provided on the side of the busbar crossbeam 23, the telescopic mechanism 30 is installed in the opening, and two telescopic mechanisms (cylinders) are provided in each opening; the number of the clamp 38 and the first movable clamp block 29 on the busbar crossbeam 23 are both two, and they are symmetrically arranged on the busbar crossbeam 23. Optionally, the material of the clamp and the first movable clamp block is steel or aluminum.

[0055] See also Figure 8 The second clamp 6 includes a base 31 fixed on the top slot cover, four threaded grooves 32 arranged on the base 31, and a screw 35 threadedly connected to the threaded grooves 32. The base 31 is provided with an opening for the anode 24 to pass through. The threaded grooves 32 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the opening and are arranged opposite to each other. The length direction of each threaded groove 32 faces the center line of the opening. The end of the screw 35 facing the opening is connected with a slider 33, and the slider 33 is connected with a second movable clamp 34. A driving motor is provided on the slot cover. The end of the screw 35 away from the opening is connected to the driving motor through a transmission gear set, so as to conveniently control the clamping and loosening of the second clamp; the screw 35 is movably connected to the slider 33, and / or the slider 33 is movably connected to the second movable clamp 34; the number of the threaded grooves 32 is 4. The base is made of cast steel, and the slider and the clamp are made of high-strength wear-resistant steel. A ceramic insulating layer is provided between the base and the slot cover.

[0056] The top surface of the anode segment 2401 is provided with a protrusion 2402 integrally connected with the anode segment 2401. The anode segment 2401 and the protrusion 2402 are made of the same material. The bottom surface of the anode segment 2401 is provided with a pit 2403 matching with the protrusion 2402; see Figure 4a , the protrusion 2402 is cylindrical, the protrusion 2402 is provided with an external thread, and the pit 2403 is provided with an internal thread matching the external thread. In the anode 24, a block 2404 matching the pit 2403 is fixed in the pit 2403 of the lowest anode segment 2401, so that the bottom surface of the anode segment is flat. The material of the block is the same as that of the anode segment. Optionally, when connecting, high temperature resistant conductive glue is sprayed in advance on the protrusion and the pit to increase the connection stability and reduce the contact resistance; see Figure 2b , Figure 4a , the cross section of the anode in the horizontal direction is circular. Figure 4b , the raised portion is in the shape of a truncated cone.

[0057] The distance between the first clamp 22 and the second clamp 6 in the vertical direction is greater than the length of the anode segment 2401 ; the distance between the first clamp 22 and the second clamp 6 in the vertical direction is less than twice the length of the anode segment 2401 .

[0058] The tank cover has a steel frame and a cover plate arranged on the steel frame, and the second clamp 6 is fixed on the tank cover.

[0059] The mounting cover 1 is located directly above the first fixture 22 .

[0060] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 The trough body is a rectangular trough, and the number of the busbar beams 23 is multiple, and the multiple busbar beams 23 are distributed in sequence along the length direction of the main beam 3. Adjacent busbar beams 23 are connected by soft busbars 26; the material of the soft busbar 26 is pure copper.

[0061] Alternatively, see Figure 2c-2e The tank body is a circular tank, and the number of the anodes 24 is multiple, and the multiple anodes 24 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the tank body.

[0062] See also Figure 7 A T-shaped ear 2301 is provided on the top surface of the busbar beam 23, and the ear is integrally connected to the busbar beam 23. A slot matching the ear 2301 is provided on the bottom surface of the lifting device. The busbar beam 23 and the lifting device are connected through the ear and the slot. An insulating layer 5 is provided between the ear and the slot. Optionally, the insulating layer is made of insulating ceramic.

[0063] The insulation box comprises a steel frame and a heat insulation board arranged on the steel frame. The insulation box is pre-set with upper structure channels such as a slot busbar hole and a material pipe hole.

[0064] The tank cover includes a side tank cover 7 fixed on the tank body and a top tank cover 8 fixed on the side tank cover, the second clamp is fixed on the top tank cover 8, and an anode hole is reserved at a position on the top tank cover corresponding to the opening position of the base. Optionally, the top tank cover uses steel as a frame, and a heat-insulating cover plate composed of a thin steel plate, a high-temperature calcium silicate plate, and a ceramic fireproof cloth is laid on the frame; a feed hole and a flue hole are reserved on the top tank cover, and the side tank cover is a movable tank cover that is easy to disassemble, constructed with a heat-insulating plate and a steel frame, and the side tank cover can be opened when performing operations such as scooping carbon slag and extracting aluminum liquid.

[0065] The prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell also includes a feeding device 21, which includes a shelling machine and a feeding machine, and the feeding device 21 is fixed to the top tank cover. At least part of the section of the material pipe used to transport alumina, electrolyte powder, etc. is located in the insulation box, so that the material is preheated when passing through the insulation box. Optionally, the feeding device can be flexibly arranged in multiple groups according to the tank type to achieve multi-point distributed feeding.

[0066] The prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell also includes a smoke and exhaust gas collection device, which is installed on the top cell cover or the side cell cover and can be flexibly arranged and installed according to the cell type.

[0067] Optionally, the first fixture, the second fixture, the lifting device and other components are equipped with currently mature automated control systems to carry out automated and intelligent production.

[0068] An aluminum electrolysis production method, using the prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolysis cell as described above, comprises the following steps:

[0069] S1, start the pre-baked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell;

[0070] S2. During the production process, when the pole pitch needs to be adjusted, the second clamp 6 is controlled to release the anode 24, the first clamp 22 is kept clamping the anode 24, the busbar beam 23 is controlled to descend by the lifting device 4 so that the anode 24 is lowered to the target position, and then the second clamp 6 is controlled to clamp the anode 24 to complete the pole pitch adjustment;

[0071] When the busbar beam 23 drops to the lowest height and needs to be lifted, the first clamp 22 is controlled to release the anode 24, and the second clamp 6 is kept clamping the anode 24. After the busbar beam 23 is raised to the target height by the lifting device 4, the first clamp 22 is controlled to clamp the anode 24 to complete the lifting of the busbar beam 23.

[0072] When it is necessary to install an additional anode segment 2401, the installation cover 1 is opened, the anode segment 2401 to be installed is hoisted into the heat preservation box 2, and the anode segment 2401 is connected to the top of the anode 24, and the installation cover 1 is closed.

[0073] More specifically, during the stage of constructing an aluminum electrolytic cell, the lower structure is first built: the bottom tank shell 13 and the side tank shell 9 are integrated into a boat-shaped tank shell, and the bottom insulation lining 12, cathode steel rods 14 and cathode carbon blocks 15, the side lining 10, and the artificial legs 11 are installed respectively according to the mature tank construction technology of the current electrolytic aluminum plant. Then the upper structure is built: the main beam 3, support beam 25 and support cross beam 28 on the steel tank are used as the load-bearing skeleton of the upper structure. The main beam 3 spans across the top of the tank body and extends along the length direction of the tank body. The support beam 25 takes the main beam 3 as the main beam and is arranged symmetrically in a rib shape. The support cross beam 28 is used in groups with the support beam 25. The lifting device 4, the insulating layer 5, the busbar beam 23, the soft busbar 26, the first clamp 22, the unloading device 21, the top slot cover 8, the second clamp 6, the smoke waste collection device 20 insulation box 2 and the installation cover 1 are installed in sequence at the relevant designed positions of the main beam 3, the support beam 25 and the support beam 28.

[0074] Installation of anode 24: Spray conductive glue on the joints of the three pre-baked anode segments and connect them together through threads, open the anode installation cover 1, loosen the first clamp 22 and the second clamp 6, use a crane to lift the assembled anode into the anode installation hole, clamp the anode 24 with the first clamp 22 and the second clamp 6, and complete the anode installation.

[0075] Calcination of the electrolytic cell: This embodiment adopts the coke particle roasting method to roast the new cell. First, a layer of forged coke particles is laid on the cathode carbon block 15, and the second clamp 6 is loosened. The anode is lowered by controlling the lifting device and the anode 24 is pressed on the coke particles. Then, cryolite and soda ash are added into the cell body and around the anode 24, and then the diverter is installed and the electricity is turned on for roasting.

[0076] After roasting, the electrolytic cell is started: aluminum liquid 16 and electrolyte 17 are poured into the cell body, the cell walls and legs 18 and the thermal insulation covering material 19 are formed, the second clamp 6 is controlled to release the anode 24, the first clamp 22 clamps the anode 24, and the anode is lifted to the production pole distance by the lifting device 4, the startup is completed, and the electrolytic cell is put into production.

[0077] During the production process, the anode 24 will be gradually consumed and the thickness of the aluminum liquid 16 will also increase. In order to maintain the production pole distance, the pole distance can be adjusted as described in S2.

[0078] Busbar lifting operation: When the busbar beam lifting device 4 descends to the lowest height, the busbar lifting operation can be completed in the manner described in S2.

[0079] Anode installation operation: When the anode segment at the bottom of the anode 24 is completely consumed or about to be completely consumed, an anode segment can be installed in the manner described in S2 to achieve continuous electrolysis production without changing the anode.

[0080] Aluminum tapping operation: During the production process, when aluminum tapping is needed, a crane is used to lift the bag, the side slot cover 7 is opened, the aluminum tapping tube is inserted, the aluminum liquid is sucked out, the aluminum tapping tube is pulled out, and the bag is lifted away.

[0081] When it is necessary to carry out operations such as scooping carbon slag, sampling and temperature measurement, the side slot cover 7 can be opened to carry out relevant operations.

[0082] When unloading is required, the unloading device 21 is used to unload the material by breaking the shell.

[0083] All smoke and waste gas generated during the production process of the electrolytic cell can be collected by the smoke and waste gas collection device 20 and then processed centrally.

[0084] The contents explained in the above embodiments should be understood as these embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the present invention, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, various equivalent forms of modifications to the present invention by those skilled in the art all fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to this application.

Claims

1. A prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell, comprising a cell body, an anode (24), a cell cover arranged on the cell body, and a main beam (3) arranged above the cell cover; characterized in that: A heat preservation box (2) is provided on the top of the tank cover, at least part of the main beam (3) is located in the heat preservation box (2), a downwardly extending lifting device (4) is fixed on the section of the main beam (3) located in the heat preservation box (2), a busbar crossbeam (23) is fixed at the lower end of the lifting device (4), a first conductive clamp (22) is fixed on the busbar crossbeam (23), the first clamp (22) is electrically connected to the busbar crossbeam (23), a second clamp (6) is provided directly below the first clamp (22), the anode (24) is clamped and fixed by the first clamp (22) and the second clamp (6), the lower end of the anode (24) can movably pass through the tank cover and extend into the tank body; the anode (24) includes at least two anode segments (2401) detachably connected end to end; and an openable and closable mounting cover (1) is provided on the heat preservation box (2).

2. The prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first clamp (22) comprises a clamp (38) fixed on the side of the busbar beam (23) and through which the anode segment can pass, a telescopic mechanism (30) is fixed on the busbar beam (23), a first movable clamp (29) is provided at the free end of the telescopic mechanism (30), and the anode (24) can be clamped between the clamp (38) and the first movable clamp (29); preferably, the number of the clamp (38) and the first movable clamp (29) on the busbar beam (23) is 2, and they are symmetrically arranged on the busbar beam (23).

3. The prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second clamp (6) comprises a base (31), at least two thread grooves (32) arranged on the base (31) and a screw rod (35) threadedly connected to the thread grooves (32); the base (31) is provided with an opening for the anode (24) to pass through; the thread grooves (32) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the opening; the length direction of each thread groove (32) is toward the center line of the opening; a slider (33) is connected to one end of the screw rod (35) facing the opening; a second movable clamp (34) is connected to the slider (33); the screw rod (35) is movably connected to the slider (33), and / or the slider (33) is movably connected to the second movable clamp (34); preferably, the number of the thread grooves (32) is 2-6.

4. The prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end face of the anode segment (2401) is provided with a protrusion (2402) integrally connected to the anode segment (2401), the anode segment (2401) and the protrusion (2402) are made of the same material, and the other end face of the anode segment (2401) is provided with a pit (2403) matching the protrusion (2402); preferably, the protrusion (2402) is cylindrical or truncated cone-shaped, the protrusion (2402) is provided with an external thread, and the pit (2403) is provided with an internal thread matching the external thread; preferably, the cross-section of the anode in the horizontal direction is one of circular, rectangular and fan-shaped; preferably, in the anode (24), a block (2404) matching the pit (2403) is fixed in the pit (2403) of the lowest anode segment (2401); preferably, the material of the anode segment (2401) is a carbon anode.

5. The prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The distance between the first clamp (22) and the second clamp (6) in the vertical direction is greater than the length of the anode segment (2401); preferably, the distance between the first clamp (22) and the second clamp (6) in the vertical direction is less than twice the length of the anode segment (2401).

6. The prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The tank cover comprises a steel frame and a cover plate arranged on the steel frame, and the second clamp (6) is fixed on the tank cover.

7. The prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The installation cover (1) is located directly above the first clamp (22).

8. The prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The trough body is a rectangular trough, the number of the busbar crossbeams (23) is multiple, the multiple busbar crossbeams (23) are distributed in sequence along the length direction of the main beam (3), and adjacent busbar crossbeams (23) are connected by soft busbars (26); preferably, the material of the soft busbar (26) is pure copper.

9. The prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The tank body is a circular tank, the number of the anodes (24) is multiple, and the multiple anodes (24) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the tank body.

10. A method for producing aluminum electrolysis, characterized in that: The method is carried out using the prebaked continuous anode aluminum electrolysis cell as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the following steps: S1, start the pre-baked continuous anode aluminum electrolytic cell; S2. During the production process, when the pole pitch needs to be adjusted, the second clamp (6) is controlled to release the anode (24), the first clamp (22) is kept clamping the anode (24), the busbar crossbeam (23) is controlled to descend through the lifting device (4) so ​​that the anode (24) is lowered to the target position, and then the second clamp (6) is controlled to clamp the anode (24) to complete the pole pitch adjustment; When the busbar crossbeam (23) needs to be lifted after it has fallen to the lowest height, the first clamp (22) is controlled to release the anode (24), the second clamp (6) is kept clamping the anode (24), and the busbar crossbeam (23) is controlled to rise to the target height through the lifting device (4), and then the first clamp (22) is controlled to clamp the anode (24), thereby completing the lifting of the busbar crossbeam (23); When it is necessary to install an additional anode segment (2401), open the installation cover (1), hoist the anode segment (2401) to be installed into the insulation box (2), connect the anode segment (2401) to the top of the anode (24), and close the installation cover (1).

Images