Energy-absorbing anchor rod capable of super-large deformation

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hardware tools, in particular to an energy-absorbing anchor rod capable of super-large deformation, which comprises a sleeve, a sliding sleeve and an inner rod, the inner rod is arranged in a second sleeve, the sleeve is of a stepped design and is divided into a plurality of sections according to the diameter of the sleeve, and the inner diameter and the outer diameter of each section of sleeve are gradually reduced in the direction of entering an anchored object along the sleeve; a plurality of sliding sleeves are arranged on the inner rod, the sliding sleeves are arranged at intervals, the interval distance of the sliding sleeves is the same as the inner length of each section of sleeve, the sliding sleeves correspond to one section of sleeve respectively, and the diameter of each sliding sleeve is larger than the inner ring diameter of the corresponding section of sleeve; according to the structure, multi-stage sliding energy release can be achieved, the lifting platform of each stage of sliding force is obvious, the sliding force fluctuation is smooth, the system stability is good, various performance indexes of the large-deformation graded anti-explosion anchor rod are met, and it is determined that the structure is a multi-stage energy release anchor rod type shaping structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hardware tools, in particular to an anchor rod capable of super-large deformation and energy absorption. Background Art

[0002] Geological disasters are a common natural disaster in mountainous areas, which can easily cause landslides and slope collapse, thereby endangering buildings and human activities below. Assessing the risk of geological disasters in advance and implementing prevention and control measures as soon as possible can effectively mitigate the losses caused by disasters. Common landslide / slope reinforcement methods include retaining walls, anchor cable support and slope reinforcement, and the use of anchors is indispensable in their implementation.

[0003] At present, conventional anchor bolts are usually designed by estimating the required anchoring force. In actual engineering projects, in scenarios such as tunnel rock bursts, mine blasting, and slope blasting, the internal stress of the rock will suddenly increase. The sudden increase in the internal stress of the surrounding rock may exceed the tensile bearing capacity of the anchor bolt and cause the anchor bolt to be broken, thereby causing a chain reaction in the entire anchor bolt system and causing an engineering accident. Therefore, a super-deformable energy-absorbing anchor bolt is needed to adapt to the possible sudden increase in internal stress. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultra-large deformable energy-absorbing anchor rod to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: an anchor rod with super-large deformation and energy absorption includes a sleeve, a sliding sleeve, and an inner rod, wherein the inner rod is arranged in the sleeve, the sleeve is a multi-stage design, and the sleeve includes several levels of sub-sleeves. The diameter of the sub-sleeve is divided into several sections. The inner and outer diameters of each section of the sub-sleeve decrease along the direction in which the sleeve enters the anchor, and the length of each section of the sub-sleeve also decreases along the direction in which the sleeve enters the anchor. The inner rod is arranged inside the sleeve, and several levels of sub-sleeves are fixedly arranged on the inner rod. The number of sub-sleeves is the same as the number of corresponding sub-sleeves. Adjacent sub-sleeves are arranged at intervals, and the interval distance is the same as the inner length of the corresponding sub-sleeve. The sub-sleeve is slidably connected to its corresponding sub-sleeve and has an interference fit.

[0006] Furthermore, after the anchor rod is installed, the direction exposed to the outside of the anchor is the end, and the other end is the front end. When the sub-sleeve located at the end of the inner rod begins to contact with its corresponding sub-sleeve, the remaining sub-sleeves and their corresponding sub-sleeves also slide in the sub-sleeve corresponding to the sub-sleeve at the end of the inner rod. When the sub-sleeve adjacent to the sub-sleeve at the end of the inner rod contacts its corresponding sub-sleeve, the sub-sleeve at its front end begins to slide in its corresponding sub-sleeve, while the sub-sleeve located at the end of the inner rod still slides in its corresponding sub-sleeve, until the sub-sleeve located at the front end of the inner rod contacts its corresponding sub-sleeve, all sub-sleeves slide in their corresponding sub-sleeves, and when the sub-sleeve located at the front end of the inner rod slides to the front end of its corresponding sub-sleeve, all sub-sleeves slide to the front end of their respective corresponding sub-sleeves.

[0007] Further, the sleeve includes a first sleeve, a second sleeve, and a third sleeve. The first sleeve is arranged at the end of the sleeve entering the anchor direction. The inner and outer ring diameters of the first sleeve are respectively larger than the inner and outer ring diameters of the second sleeve. The inner and outer ring diameters of the second sleeve are respectively larger than the inner and outer ring diameters of the third sleeve. The sleeve includes a first sleeve, a second sleeve, and a third sleeve. The first sleeve is arranged at the end of the inner rod entering the anchor direction. The second sleeve is arranged at a position away from the first sleeve by the inner length of the second sleeve. The third sleeve is arranged at a position away from the second sleeve by the inner length of the third sleeve. The first sleeve can follow the inner rod to move axially along the sleeve inside the first sleeve. The second sleeve can follow the inner rod to move axially along the sleeve inside the first and second sleeves. The third sleeve can follow the inner rod to move axially along the sleeve inside the first, second and third sleeves.

[0008] Furthermore, a nut is provided at the end of the sleeve in the direction where the sleeve enters the anchor.

[0009] Furthermore, a pad is provided on the portion of the sleeve outside the anchor, the pad is provided between the nut and the anchor, and the pad is slidably connected to the outer wall of the sleeve, and is in close contact with the anchor when the nut is tightened on the sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, a threaded steel structure is provided at the front end of the inner rod.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: The structure of the present invention can realize multi-stage sliding energy release, and the sliding force rising platform of each stage is obvious, the sliding force fluctuates smoothly, the system stability is good, and various performance indicators of large deformation graded explosion-proof anchor rods are met. The structure is determined to be a standardized structure of multi-stage energy release anchor rod type. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an energy-absorbing anchor rod capable of large deformation.

[0013] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the disassembly of an anchor rod capable of large deformation and energy absorption.

[0014] Figure 3 A perspective diagram of the sleeve.

[0015] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the sleeve cross section.

[0016] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the sleeve cross section and the inner rod during the first stage of sliding energy release.

[0017] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the sleeve cross section and the inner rod during the second-stage sliding energy release.

[0018] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the sleeve cross section and the inner rod during the third-level sliding energy release.

[0019] Among them, 100, sleeve, 110, first sleeve, 120, second sleeve, 130, third sleeve, 210, first sliding sleeve, 220, second sliding sleeve, 230, third sliding sleeve, 300, inner rod, 400, nut, 500, gasket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ultra-large deformable energy-absorbing anchor rod to address the deficiencies of the prior art, which is specifically achieved by the following technical solutions: Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2 A super-deformable energy-absorbing anchor includes a sleeve 100, a sliding sleeve, and an inner rod 300. The inner rod 300 is arranged in the sleeve 100. The sleeve 100 is a multi-stage design. The sleeve 100 includes several stages of sub-sleeves. The diameter of the sub-sleeves is divided into several sections. The inner and outer diameters of each sub-sleeve decrease along the direction in which the sleeve 100 enters the anchor, and the length of each sub-sleeve also decreases along the direction in which the sleeve 100 enters the anchor. The diameter of a section of the sleeve 100 close to the front end is smaller, and the diameter of a section of the sleeve 100 close to the rear end is larger. This design is used in conjunction with several sliding sleeves arranged on the inner rod 300 to meet the working requirements of multi-stage energy release.

[0021] The inner rod 300 is arranged inside the sleeve 100, and a plurality of sub-sleeves are arranged on the inner rod 300. The plurality of sub-sleeves are slidably connected with the corresponding sub-sleeves and have an interference fit. The number of the sleeves is the same as the number of the sleeves 100. Adjacent sub-sleeves are arranged at intervals, and the interval distance is the same as the inner length of the corresponding sub-sleeves. The sub-sleeves are slidably connected with the corresponding sub-sleeves and have an interference fit. Each sleeve is arranged corresponding to the sleeve 100 with a matching diameter. When the corresponding sleeve enters the corresponding sleeve 100, the stress of the anchor rod rises rapidly, and the anchor rod has a fixing effect.

[0022] After the anchor rod is installed, the direction exposed to the outside of the anchor is the end, and the other end is the front end. When the sub-sleeve at the end of the inner rod 300 begins to contact with its corresponding sub-sleeve, the remaining sub-sleeves and their corresponding sub-sleeves also slide in the sub-sleeve corresponding to the sub-sleeve at the end of the inner rod 300. When the sub-sleeve adjacent to the sub-sleeve at the end of the inner rod 300 contacts its corresponding sub-sleeve, the sub-sleeve at its front end begins to slide in its corresponding sub-sleeve, while the sub-sleeve at the end of the inner rod 300 still slides in its corresponding sub-sleeve, until the sub-sleeve at the front end of the inner rod 300 contacts its corresponding sub-sleeve, all sub-sleeves slide in their corresponding sub-sleeves, and when the sub-sleeve at the front end of the inner rod 300 slides to the front end of its corresponding sub-sleeve, all sub-sleeves slide to the front end of their respective corresponding sub-sleeves.

[0023] Reference Figure 3 The sleeve 100 includes a first sleeve 110, a second sleeve 120, and a third sleeve 130. The first sleeve 110 is arranged at the end of the sleeve 100 entering the anchor. The inner and outer diameters of the first sleeve 110 are respectively larger than the inner and outer diameters of the second sleeve 120. The inner and outer diameters of the second sleeve 120 are respectively larger than the inner and outer diameters of the third sleeve 130. The sliding sleeve includes a first sliding sleeve 210, a second sliding sleeve 220, and a third sliding sleeve 230. The first sliding sleeve 210 is arranged at the end of the inner rod 300 entering the anchor. The second sliding sleeve 220 is arranged at the end of the inner rod 300 entering the anchor. The first sleeve 210 is located at a position that is the inner length of the second sleeve 120, and the third sleeve 230 is located at a position that is the inner length of the third sleeve 130 that is the inner length of the second sleeve 220. The first sleeve 210 can follow the inner rod 300 along the axial displacement of the sleeve inside the first sleeve 110, the second sleeve 220 can follow the inner rod 300 along the axial displacement of the sleeve inside the first sleeve 110 and the second sleeve 120, and the third sleeve 230 can follow the inner rod 300 along the axial displacement of the sleeve inside the first sleeve 110, the second sleeve 120, and the third sleeve 130.

[0024] Reference Figure 5 , first stage sliding energy release: the first sliding sleeve 210 slides in the first sleeve 110, at which time the second sliding sleeve 220 and the third sliding sleeve 230 are in an unloaded state, until the second sliding sleeve 220 contacts the second sleeve 120, and the first stage sliding energy release ends.

[0025] Reference Figure 6 , second-stage sliding energy release: the first sleeve 210 and the second sleeve 220 slide in the first sleeve 110 and the second sleeve 120 respectively at the same time, and the first sleeve 210 and the second sleeve 220 provide sliding force at the same time. At this time, the third sleeve 230 is in a no-load state until the third sleeve 230 contacts the third sleeve 130, and the second-stage sliding energy release ends.

[0026] Reference Figure 7 , the third stage of sliding energy release: the first sliding sleeve 210, the second sliding sleeve 220, and the third sliding sleeve 230 simultaneously release energy in the first sleeve 110, the second sleeve 120, and the third sleeve 130, respectively, and the first sliding sleeve 210, the second sliding sleeve 220, and the third sliding sleeve 230 simultaneously provide sliding force until the third sliding sleeve 230 slides to the end of the third sleeve 130 and gets stuck, the sliding energy release ends, and the threaded steel at the front end of the inner rod 300 starts to provide tension. Finally, the rock deformation stress is greater than the maximum tensile force of the inner rod, and the anchor fails.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 A nut 400 is provided at the end of the sleeve 100 in the direction of entering the anchor, and a pad 500 is provided on the part of the sleeve 100 outside the anchor. The pad 500 is provided between the nut 400 and the anchor and is in close contact with the anchor. After the front end of the anchor rod is driven into the anchor, the pad 500 is installed at its rear end, and then the nut 400 is tightened to fix it on the outer surface of the anchor, so that the anchor rod and the anchor are initially in a stable state.

[0028] A threaded steel structure is provided at the front end of the inner rod 300. The threaded steel is HRB500e, which is convenient for connection with an anchor.

[0029] When in use, first place the inner rod 300 into the sleeve 100 until the first sleeve 210 at the end of the inner rod 300 contacts the inner wall of the first sleeve 110, and the two begin to have an interference fit. At this time, the anchor rod is driven into the anchor as a whole, and the threaded steel bars provided on the outer surface of the sleeve 100 and the front end of the inner rod 300 are in contact with the inside of the anchor. After the fixation is completed, tighten the nut 400 at the rear end of the sleeve 100 to make it in close contact with the pad 500, thereby fixing the anchor rod as a whole on the anchor.

[0030] Example: Refer to Figure 1-Figure 7 The anchor rod is composed of a sleeve 100, an inner rod 300 and a sleeve. The first sleeve 110, the second sleeve 120 and the third sleeve 130 are connected by threads to form an integral sleeve 100; the first sleeve 210, the second sleeve 220 and the third sleeve 230 are fixed on the inner rod 300 by threads and are spaced at a set distance.

[0031] When in use, first put the inner rod 300 into the sleeve 100, and push the first sleeve 210 into the first sleeve 110 so that the two have an interference fit. At this time, the threaded steel bar at the front end of the inner rod 300 protrudes from the sleeve 100, and the first sleeve 210 has just entered the first sleeve 110 and is located near the end of the first sleeve 110. Then, a hole is drilled on the anchor, and the anchor rod is driven into the anchor. The end of the anchor rod is exposed on the outside of the outer wall of the anchor. At this time, grouting can be used to increase the friction between the anchor rod and the anchor. After the anchor rod and the anchor are initially anchored, a pad 500 is put on the end of the anchor rod exposed on the outside of the anchor, and then the nut 400 is tightened on the end of the anchor rod. The pad 500 is pressed against the outer wall of the anchor by the nut 400, thereby further fixing the anchor rod. At this point, the anchor rod installation work is completed.

[0032] Reference Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 In a specific scenario, an explosion may occur outside the anchor. The stress wave after the explosion will drive the anchor through the pad 500 to pull the threaded steel at the front end of the inner rod 300 in contact with it, thereby driving the sliding sleeve on the inner rod 300 to move toward the front end, thus generating three levels of energy release: First-stage sliding energy release: the first sliding sleeve 210 slides in the first sleeve 110 , and the second sliding sleeve 220 and the third sliding sleeve 230 are in a no-load state, until the second sliding sleeve 220 contacts the second sleeve 120 , and the first-stage sliding energy release ends.

[0033] Second-stage sliding energy release: the first sleeve 210 and the second sleeve 220 slide in the first sleeve 110 and the second sleeve 120 respectively at the same time, and the first sleeve 210 and the second sleeve 220 provide sliding force at the same time. At this time, the third sleeve 230 is in a no-load state until the third sleeve 230 contacts the third sleeve 130, and the second-stage sliding energy release ends.

[0034] The third stage of sliding energy release: the first sliding sleeve 210, the second sliding sleeve 220, and the third sliding sleeve 230 simultaneously release energy in the first sleeve 110, the second sleeve 120, and the third sleeve 130, respectively. The first sliding sleeve 210, the second sliding sleeve 220, and the third sliding sleeve 230 simultaneously provide sliding force until the third sliding sleeve 230 slides to the end of the third sleeve 130 and gets stuck. The sliding energy release ends, and the threaded steel at the front end of the inner rod 300 starts to provide tension. Finally, the deformation stress of the anchor is greater than the maximum tensile force of the inner rod, and the anchor fails and breaks. In this state, the inner rod 300 extends into the anchor to the maximum distance until it breaks.

[0035] The stress-displacement pattern of the anchor rod shows a gradual upward trend, presenting an obvious three-level large deformation failure mode. In the first-level sliding stage, at the beginning of the test loading, the first sleeve 210 began to slowly squeeze into the sleeve slideway, and the anchor rod stress quickly rose to about 95.65kN. As the displacement gradually increased, the first sleeve 210 partially entered the sleeve 100. At this time, the anchor rod stress quickly dropped to about 76.22kN, and the anchor rod displacement reached 24.92mm. Then the anchor rod stress began to rise, and the first sleeve 210 entered the sleeve 100 as a whole. The anchor rod began to enter the first-level stable sliding stage, relying on the sliding friction between the sleeve and the sleeve 100 wall to release energy. The anchor rod basically maintained a stress of 85kN and slid slowly until the second sleeve 220 began to contact the second sleeve. The large deformation of the anchor rod ends, and the anchor rod begins to enter the second sliding stage. The total amount of the first sliding deformation is 104.47 mm. In the second sliding stage, the second sleeve 220 begins to slowly squeeze into the slideway of the second sleeve 120, and the anchor rod stress rises rapidly to about 132.98 kN. As the displacement gradually increases, the second sleeve 220 partially enters the second sleeve 120. At this time, the anchor rod stress drops rapidly to about 126 kN, and the anchor rod displacement reaches 104.47 mm. Subsequently, the anchor rod stress begins to rise, and the second sleeve 220 enters the second sleeve 120 as a whole. The anchor rod begins to enter the second stable sliding stage. The sliding friction between the walls of the sleeve 100 releases energy, and the anchor rod basically maintains a stress of 150 kN and slides slowly until the third sleeve 230 begins to contact the third sleeve 130, the second stage of large deformation of the large deformation anchor rod ends, and the anchor rod begins to enter the third stage of sliding. At this time, the displacement of the anchor rod reaches 208.33 mm, and the total amount of the second stage of sliding deformation is 103.86 mm; in the third stage of sliding, the third sleeve 230 begins to slowly squeeze into the slideway of the third sleeve 130, and the stress of the anchor rod rises rapidly to about 194.94 kN. As the displacement gradually increases, the third sleeve 230 partially enters the third sleeve 130, and the stress of the anchor rod appears to be about 1 kN. The third sleeve 230 enters the third sleeve 130 as a whole, and the anchor rod begins to enter the third stable sliding stage, relying on the sliding friction between the sleeve and the sleeve 100 wall to release energy. The anchor rod basically maintains a stress of 199kN and slowly slides until the third sleeve 230 begins to contact the bottom of the third sleeve 130. The third large deformation of the large deformation anchor rod ends. At this time, the displacement of the anchor rod reaches 319.64mm, and the total amount of the third sliding deformation is 111.31mm. At this time, the anchor rod sliding energy release stage ends. Then, the anchor rod stress rises rapidly to the ultimate tensile strength of 261.27kN, and the inner rod is damaged. At this time, the displacement of the anchor rod reaches 331.28mm. This structure can realize multi-stage sliding energy release, and the sliding force rising platform at each level is obvious, the sliding force fluctuates smoothly, and the system stability is good, meeting the various performance indicators of large deformation graded explosion-proof anchor rods.

Claims

1. An ultra-deformable energy-absorbing anchor rod, characterized in that: It comprises a sleeve (100), a sliding sleeve, and an inner rod (300), wherein An inner rod (300) is arranged in the sleeve (100). The sleeve (100) is of a multi-stage design. The sleeve (100) comprises a plurality of sub-sleeves. The inner and outer diameters of each sub-sleeve decrease along the direction in which the sleeve (100) enters the anchor. The length of each sub-sleeve also decreases along the direction in which the sleeve (100) enters the anchor. The inner rod (300) is arranged inside the sleeve (100), and a plurality of sub-sleeves are fixedly arranged on the inner rod (300), the number of sub-sleeves being the same as the number of corresponding sub-sleeves, adjacent sub-sleeves being arranged at intervals, the interval distance being the same as the inner length of the corresponding sub-sleeves, and the sub-sleeves being slidably connected to the corresponding sub-sleeves and having an interference fit. After the anchor rod is installed, the direction exposed on the outside of the anchor is the end, and the other end is the front end. When the sub-sleeve located at the end of the inner rod (300) begins to contact with its corresponding sub-sleeve, the remaining sub-sleeves and their corresponding sub-sleeves also slide in the sub-sleeve corresponding to the sub-sleeve at the end of the inner rod (300). When the sub-sleeve adjacent to the sub-sleeve at the end of the inner rod (300) contacts its corresponding sub-sleeve, the sub-sleeve at its front end begins to slide in its corresponding sub-sleeve, while the sub-sleeve located at the end of the inner rod (300) still slides in its corresponding sub-sleeve until the sub-sleeve located at the front end of the inner rod (300) contacts its corresponding sub-sleeve, and all the sub-sleeves slide in their corresponding sub-sleeves. When the sub-sleeve located at the front end of the inner rod (300) slides to the front end of its corresponding sub-sleeve, all the sub-sleeves slide to the front end of their corresponding sub-sleeves.

2. The ultra-deformable energy-absorbing anchor rod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sleeve (100) comprises a first sleeve (110), a second sleeve (120), and a third sleeve (130). The first sleeve (110) is arranged at the end of the sleeve (100) in the direction of entering the anchor. The inner and outer diameters of the first sleeve (110) are respectively larger than the inner and outer diameters of the second sleeve (120); the inner and outer diameters of the second sleeve (120) are respectively larger than the inner and outer diameters of the third sleeve (130); The sliding sleeve comprises a first sliding sleeve (210), a second sliding sleeve (220), and a third sliding sleeve (230); the first sliding sleeve (210) is arranged at the end of the inner rod (300) in the direction of entering the anchor; the second sliding sleeve (220) is arranged at a position which is spaced apart from the first sliding sleeve (210) by the inner length of the second sleeve (120); and the third sliding sleeve (230) is arranged at a position which is spaced apart from the second sliding sleeve (220) by the inner length of the third sleeve (130). The first sliding sleeve (210) can follow the inner rod (300) to move axially along the sliding sleeve inside the first sleeve (110), the second sliding sleeve (220) can follow the inner rod (300) to move axially along the sliding sleeve inside the first sleeve (110) and the second sleeve (120), and the third sliding sleeve (230) can follow the inner rod (300) to move axially along the sliding sleeve inside the first sleeve (110), the second sleeve (120), and the third sleeve (130).

3. The ultra-large deformable energy-absorbing anchor rod according to claim 2, characterized in that: A nut (400) is provided at the end of the sleeve (100) that enters the anchoring object.

4. The ultra-deformable energy-absorbing anchor rod according to claim 3, characterized in that: A backing plate (500) is provided on the portion of the sleeve (100) outside the anchor, the backing plate (500) is provided between the nut (400) and the anchor, and the backing plate (500) is slidably connected to the outer wall of the sleeve (100), and is in close contact with the anchor when the nut (400) is screwed onto the sleeve (100).

5. A multi-stage energy release anchor according to claim 4, characterized in that: A threaded steel structure is provided at the front end of the inner rod (300).

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