Vegetation type pervious concrete slope protection maintenance method

Abstract

The invention discloses a vegetation type pervious concrete slope protection maintenance method, and belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and ecological engineering application, and the method comprises the following steps: preparing a vegetation type pervious concrete skeleton; preparing a vegetation substrate; loose stones, weeds and harmful substances on the surface of the side slope are removed, the surface of the side slope is leveled, a soil body is compacted, and a prefabricated vegetation type pervious concrete framework is tidily laid; the prepared vegetation matrix is injected into gaps of the vegetation type pervious concrete framework through an injection machine; performing surface maintenance; the revetment constructed through the method is high in strength and lasting in revetment effect, and various defects of a traditional ecological revetment technology, including the problems that turf is separated from a bank slope, revetment materials are prone to aging, construction difficulty is large, project cost is high, and water permeability and water retention capacity are poor, are effectively overcome; and the method can cope with the conditions such as influence on early germination and root growth of plants due to over-high alkalinity of the plant-growing concrete and the like which are not beneficial to plant growth, and has good plant adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and ecological engineering application, in particular to a vegetation-type permeable concrete slope protection and maintenance method. Background Art

[0002] There are many mountains in my country, and there are a large number of natural slopes. At the same time, with the rapid development of my country's economy, a large number of artificial slopes will be excavated during the construction of a large number of water conservancy, municipal, transportation and other infrastructure. If these slopes are not managed in time, they will cause ecological damage, soil erosion and soil fertility reduction, and even lead to frequent geological disasters. In the past, traditional concrete slope protection was used, which has a large weight, high cost, poor air permeability and water permeability, and isolates the original slope organisms from the external environment. The organisms cannot survive and the ecological benefits are extremely low. Therefore, a green and friendly slope protection technology is needed to reinforce the slope to avoid the above problems. Ecological slope protection technology is defined as an engineering measure that uses plants or a combination of plants and inanimate materials to protect slopes from soil erosion. It is a method of supporting slopes by integrating relevant theories of plants, soil, ecology and mechanics. On the basis of meeting the basic function of slope protection, it organically combines green landscape, human ecology, etc., and has key functions such as increasing biodiversity and restoring ecosystems. It repairs slopes in an ecological way, relies on the ecosystem's own repair and regulation capabilities, and uses artificial measures as guidance to make the slopes evolve in an orderly direction, so that the damaged ecosystem can gradually recover or develop towards a benign cycle. The key points of ecological slope protection include two aspects: ① Make the structure stable and meet safety requirements, and have a certain degree of water permeability and air permeability to provide a platform for plant growth; ② Meet the requirements of ecological balance and establish a benign ecosystem; At present, ecological slope protection technology is still in the development and exploration stage. The existing ecological slope protection technologies mainly include: imported soil spraying technology, ecological bag retaining wall technology, geocell grass planting slope protection technology, ecological gabion mesh slope protection technology, etc., but these technologies have certain limitations, such as the easy separation of turf and slope, easy aging of slope protection materials, great construction difficulty, high engineering cost, poor water permeability and water retention capacity, etc.; Vegetation-type permeable concrete composite material is a honeycomb porous skeleton formed by a combination of single-graded coarse aggregate and cementitious materials, which has a large number of interconnected pores, allowing plants to grow in it. A new type of ecological concrete; the solid-liquid-gas three-phase medium distribution of the composite material is reasonable, and the vegetation is good. Under normal vegetation growth conditions, it can resist the erosion of surface runoff and heavy rainfall, has strong adaptability to swelling and shrinking, is not easy to crack, and has good stability and durability; but the prepared vegetation-type concrete is still very alkaline, which is not conducive to the early germination of plants and the later root growth; In summary, there is an urgent need for a new type of affordable vegetated permeable concrete composite material with a wide range of applications, low cost, long-lasting slope protection effect, and good plant adaptability for slope ecological protection. Therefore, the present application provides a vegetated permeable concrete slope protection maintenance method. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a vegetated permeable concrete slope protection maintenance method. The slope protection constructed by this method has high strength and lasting slope protection effect, and effectively overcomes many disadvantages of traditional ecological slope protection technology, including separation of turf and slope, easy aging of slope protection materials, great construction difficulty, high project cost and poor permeability and water retention capacity. It can also cope with the situation that is not conducive to plant growth, such as excessive alkalinity of vegetated concrete affecting early germination and root growth of plants, and has good plant adaptability.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: A method for maintaining a vegetated permeable concrete slope is provided, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton; Step 2, preparation of planting matrix; Step 3: remove loose stones, weeds and harmful substances on the slope surface, level the slope surface, compact the soil, and neatly lay the prefabricated vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton; Step 4: Use a sprayer to pour the prepared vegetation matrix into the gaps of the vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton; Step 5: Surface maintenance.

[0005] Furthermore, in step 1, the specific steps of preparing the vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton are as follows: Step 1: Add cement and one third of the total amount of coarse aggregate and mix for 15 seconds; Step 2: Add half of the total amount of water and water reducing agent mixture, and mix and stir for 30 seconds; Step 3: Add one third of the total amount of coarse aggregate and one fourth of the total amount of water and water reducing agent mixture, and mix and stir for 30 seconds; Step 4: add one third of the total amount of coarse aggregate and one fourth of the total amount of water and water reducing agent mixture, and mix and stir for 60 seconds; Step 5: Pour out and shape; Among them, the ratio of coarse aggregate: cement: water: water reducing agent is: 2~2.42:1:0.33:0.001.

[0006] Furthermore, in the step 2, the composition of the planting matrix includes, by volume, 50% soil, 30% humus, 6% cement, 4.5% slow-release fertilizer, 1.5% water-absorbing resin, 5% arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent and 3% ferrous sulfate solution.

[0007] Furthermore, in the step 4, the construction of pouring the vegetation matrix is ​​divided into three operations, the first two times are base layer spraying, using a mixed vegetation matrix without seeds, and the last time is surface layer spraying, using a mixed vegetation matrix containing seeds.

[0008] Furthermore, in step five, the curing method is to cover with non-woven fabric and spray water to provide a good living environment for seed germination.

[0009] Furthermore, the cement used is silicate cement.

[0010] Furthermore, the coarse aggregate uses stones with a particle size between 10mm and 20mm. Before use, the stones are rinsed and air-dried in a natural state.

[0011] Furthermore, the soil is crushed, screened and dried, and then mixed with other components.

[0012] Furthermore, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agents include Glomus nauplii, Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices.

[0013] Furthermore, the water spray maintenance is carried out by spraying water to avoid direct scouring of the slope surface.

[0014] The first step is to prepare and maintain the permeable concrete, and the second step is to inject the vegetation matrix containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, ferrous sulfate solution, grass seeds, soil, humus, slow-release fertilizer, a small amount of cement, and water-absorbing resin into the pores of the permeable concrete.

[0015] The vegetation-growing permeable concrete is a porous concrete made by mixing coarse aggregate, cement, water and the like; it does not contain fine aggregate, and is a honeycomb structure with evenly and continuously distributed pores formed by coarse aggregates coated with a thin layer of cement slurry on the surface and bonded together, so that the roots, stems and the like of plants can pass through the gaps in the permeable concrete and take root underground to grow.

[0016] Among them, the particle size of coarse aggregate stone should be between 10mm-20mm. The particle size should not be too large or too small, otherwise it will affect the penetration of the root system. Specifically, high-quality basalt with a single particle size of 10mm-20mm should be selected, and the coarse aggregate should be rinsed and air-dried in a natural state before use; to ensure the strength of permeable concrete, cement can choose Shijing P·S·A42.5 Portland cement produced by Guangzhou Shijing Deqing Cement Plant; water reducer chooses XT-1 high-efficiency water reducer produced by Zhenjiang Xintai Concrete Admixture Co., Ltd.; water is ordinary tap water.

[0017] The planting matrix serves as a carrier for plant roots to survive, providing nutrition and living space for plant growth. The components of the matrix should take into account requirements such as air permeability, water and fertilizer retention, and non-toxicity.

[0018] The soil was taken from the Zengcheng teaching and research base of South China Agricultural University. The soil was first crushed and then passed through a 2mm sieve. The soil sample was then dried to make dry powdered soil. The smaller particle size makes it easier to enter the pores of porous concrete, which is beneficial to the absorption of nutrients and water by plant roots. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent can be selected from Glomus juvenileus, Glomus mosesi, and Glomus intraradicus. The purpose of adding the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent is to allow the mycorrhizal fungi to form a mutualistic symbiosis with the plant roots, promote the plant's absorption of water and mineral nutrients in the soil, improve the nutritional status of the plant, and promote plant growth. Slow-release fertilizer and humus soil are added to provide nutrients for plant growth. The slow-release fertilizer selects granular multifunctional long-acting compound fertilizer. The purpose of adding a small amount of cement is to further improve the strength of the vegetation-type permeable concrete.

[0019] Considering that the alkalinity of cement will affect plant growth to a certain extent, the alkaline environment in the pores of porous concrete should be treated in various ways to reduce the alkali content. The test found that spraying ferrous sulfate has a relatively good effect in reducing the alkali content, so a small amount of ferrous sulfate solution can be added to the matrix; adding water-absorbing resin can inhibit the evaporation and loss of water to a certain extent, increase the soil moisture content, and ensure the water supply for plant growth; In addition, different plants have different genetic characteristics and thus show different adaptability to environmental conditions. The selection of slope protection plants should follow the following principles: 1. Adapt to local climatic conditions; 2. Adapt to local soil conditions (moisture, pH value, soil properties, etc.); 3. Strong resistance to stress (including drought resistance, heat resistance, cold resistance, barrenness resistance, disease and pest resistance, etc.); 4. The aboveground part is relatively short, the root system is well developed, and it grows rapidly, and can cover the slope in a short time; 5. Multi-year or perennial; 6. It is adaptable to extensive management and can produce appropriate amount of seeds.

[0020] Several common slope protection plants in this area: 1. Herbs: Dicranopteris dichotoma, Nephrolepis chinensis, Pteris cretica, Miscanthus quinquefolius; 2. Shrubs: Chenopodium album, Artemisia selengensis, Myrtle.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The vegetated permeable concrete slope protection and maintenance method exemplified in the present invention, the vegetated permeable concrete does not contain fine aggregate, but is composed of coarse aggregates with a thin layer of cement slurry on the surface bonded together to form a honeycomb structure with evenly and continuously distributed holes. The roots, stems, etc. of plants can pass through the gaps in the permeable concrete and take root underground to grow. The plants have good adaptability and high ecological benefits, and can effectively slow down the occurrence of soil erosion and soil fertility reduction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings: Figure 1 A flow chart for preparing a vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an ecological slope protection structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ecological slope protection composite material provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments.

[0024] like Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a vegetation-type permeable concrete slope protection maintenance method, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Preparation of vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton; Step 2, preparation of planting matrix; Step 3: remove loose stones, weeds and harmful substances on the slope surface, level the slope surface, compact the soil, and neatly lay the prefabricated vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton; Step 4: Use a sprayer to pour the prepared vegetation matrix into the gaps of the vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton; Step 5: Surface maintenance.

[0025] Furthermore, in step 1, the specific steps of preparing the vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton are as follows: Step 1: Add cement and one third of the total amount of coarse aggregate and mix for 15 seconds; Step 2: Add half of the total amount of water and water reducing agent mixture, and mix and stir for 30 seconds; Step 3: Add one third of the total amount of coarse aggregate and one fourth of the total amount of water and water reducing agent mixture, and mix and stir for 30 seconds; Step 4: add one third of the total amount of coarse aggregate and one fourth of the total amount of water and water reducing agent mixture, and mix and stir for 60 seconds; Step 5: Pour out and shape; Among them, the ratio of coarse aggregate: cement: water: water reducing agent is: 2~2.42:1:0.33:0.001.

[0026] Furthermore, in the step 2, the composition of the planting matrix includes, by volume, 50% soil, 30% humus, 6% cement, 4.5% slow-release fertilizer, 1.5% water-absorbing resin, 5% arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi agent and 3% ferrous sulfate solution.

[0027] Furthermore, in the step 4, the construction of pouring the vegetation matrix is ​​divided into three operations, the first two times are base layer spraying, using a mixed vegetation matrix without seeds, and the last time is surface layer spraying, using a mixed vegetation matrix containing seeds.

[0028] Furthermore, in step five, the curing method is to cover with non-woven fabric and spray water to provide a good living environment for seed germination.

[0029] Furthermore, the cement used is silicate cement.

[0030] Furthermore, the coarse aggregate uses stones with a particle size between 10mm and 20mm. Before use, the stones are rinsed and air-dried in a natural state.

[0031] Furthermore, the soil is crushed, screened and dried, and then mixed with other components.

[0032] Furthermore, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agents include Glomus nauplii, Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices.

[0033] Furthermore, the water spray maintenance is carried out by spraying water to avoid direct scouring of the slope surface.

[0034] The first step is to prepare the vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton: as shown in Table 1, weigh the materials according to the proportion, and then stir them. In order to make the cement fully and effectively wrap the surface of the coarse aggregate, Figure 1As shown, the following mixing process is used: ① Add cement and one-third of coarse aggregate and mix for 15s; ② Add one-half of water and water reducer mixture, and mix for 30s; ③ Add one-third of coarse aggregate and one-quarter of water and water reducer mixture, and mix for 30s; ④ Add one-third of coarse aggregate and one-quarter of water and water reducer mixture, and mix for 60s; ⑤ Pour out and form. Vegetation-type permeable concrete is easy to lose water and dry quickly due to the presence of a large number of holes, so maintenance is very important, especially early maintenance. Care should be taken to avoid large amounts of water evaporation. Geotextiles or colored strips should be used to cover in time to ensure humidity and cement is fully hydrated. Water 2-3 times a day. When watering and curing, it is not advisable to use a pressure water column to directly hit the concrete surface. Use fine water to disperse and avoid taking away cement slurry and affecting strength. Covering and watering maintenance should comply with the following regulations: ① Covering and watering maintenance should be carried out within 12 hours after the concrete pouring is completed; ② The watering maintenance time of concrete, for concrete mixed with silicate cement, should be ≥7d; ③ The number of watering times should be determined based on whether the concrete can be kept in a moist state.

[0035] Step 2: Preparation of planting matrix: according to the ratio shown in Table 2, 50% soil, 30% humus, 6% cement, 4.5% slow-release fertilizer, 1.5% water-absorbing resin, 5% arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agent, and 3% ferrous sulfate solution, weigh the required materials and mix them thoroughly.

[0036] The third step is to remove loose stones, weeds and harmful substances on the slope surface, level the slope surface, compact the soil, and neatly lay the prefabricated vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton.

[0037] The fourth step is to use a sprayer to pour the prepared vegetation matrix into the gaps of the vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton. The construction is divided into three operations: the first two times of spraying the base layer, the spray type is a mixed vegetation matrix without seeds, and the last time of spraying the surface layer, which is a mixed vegetation matrix with seeds. In this way, the seeds also fall into the gaps of the vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton, and the humus and slow-release fertilizer provide them with nutrition, which ensures the stability of the slope while minimizing the negative impact on the ecosystem.

[0038] The fifth step is to carry out maintenance, which is covered with non-woven fabric. The main purposes of covering maintenance are: to reduce the evaporation rate of water, to prevent the germination of seeds from being affected by sunlight, and to prevent them from being washed away when it rains. Water spraying maintenance is also required to keep the slope moist before the seeds germinate, providing a good living environment for the seeds to germinate. Spray water during water spraying maintenance, and it is strictly forbidden to spray water directly with a water pipe to prevent excessive water from causing slope scouring. After the roots of the seedlings are rooted, no human maintenance is required after about 3 months.

[0039] Table 1 is the mix ratio of permeable concrete skeleton

[0040] Table 2 shows the ratio of plant growth substrates.

[0041] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and an explanation of the technical principles used. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in the present application is not limited to the technical solution formed by a specific combination of the above technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the inventive concept. For example, the above features are replaced with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in the present application.

[0042] Except for the technical features described in the specification, the remaining technical features are known technologies to those skilled in the art. In order to highlight the innovative features of the present invention, the remaining technical features will not be described here in detail.

Claims

1. A method for maintaining a slope with a vegetative permeable concrete, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Preparation of vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton; Step 2, preparation of planting matrix; Step 3: remove loose stones, weeds and harmful substances on the slope surface, level the slope surface, compact the soil, and neatly lay the prefabricated vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton; Step 4: Use a sprayer to pour the prepared vegetation matrix into the gaps of the vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton; Step 5: Surface maintenance.

2. The vegetation-type permeable concrete slope protection maintenance method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step 1, the specific steps of preparing the vegetation-type permeable concrete skeleton are as follows: Step 1: Add cement and one third of the total amount of coarse aggregate and mix for 15 seconds; Step 2: Add half of the total amount of water and water reducing agent mixture, and mix and stir for 30 seconds; Step 3: Add one third of the total amount of coarse aggregate and one fourth of the total amount of water and water reducing agent mixture, and mix and stir for 30 seconds; Step 4: add one third of the total amount of coarse aggregate and one fourth of the total amount of water and water reducing agent mixture, and mix and stir for 60 seconds; Step 5: Pour out and shape; Among them, the ratio of coarse aggregate: cement: water: water reducing agent is: 2~2.42:1:0.33:0.

001.

3. The vegetation-type permeable concrete slope protection maintenance method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step 2, the composition of the planting matrix includes, by volume, 50% soil, 30% humus, 6% cement, 4.5% slow-release fertilizer, 1.5% water-absorbing resin, 5% arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agent and 3% ferrous sulfate solution.

4. The vegetation-type permeable concrete slope protection maintenance method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step 4, the construction of pouring the vegetation matrix is ​​divided into three operations. The first two operations are base layer spraying, using a mixed vegetation matrix without seeds, and the last operation is surface layer spraying, using a mixed vegetation matrix with seeds.

5. The vegetation-type permeable concrete slope protection maintenance method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step 5, the curing method is to cover the seeds with non-woven fabric and spray water to provide a good living environment for the seeds to germinate.

6. The vegetation-type permeable concrete slope protection maintenance method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: As the cement, silicate cement is used.

7. The vegetation-type permeable concrete slope protection maintenance method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The coarse aggregate uses stones with a particle size between 10mm and 20mm. Before use, the stones are rinsed clean and air-dried in a natural state.

8. The vegetation-type permeable concrete slope protection maintenance method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The soil is crushed, screened and dried and then mixed with other components.

9. The vegetation-type permeable concrete slope protection maintenance method according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agents include Glomus nauplii, Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices.

10. The vegetation-type permeable concrete slope protection maintenance method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water spray maintenance is carried out by spraying water to avoid direct scouring of the slope surface.

Images