Test system for simulating fault activation and induced earthquake under action of hydraulic fracturing of horizontal well

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of shale oil and gas field development, and is a test system for simulating fault activation and induced earthquake under the action of horizontal well hydraulic fracturing, which comprises a horizontal well geological model, a distributed optical fiber monitoring system, a perforating system, a fracturing system, a formation temperature simulation system and a stress applying system. The present application has a reasonable and compact structure and is convenient to use. It can realize the application of true triaxial formation pressure, simulate the real formation temperature of the formation where the horizontal well is located, and continuously and real-timely monitor the multi-physical field of the fault-containing geological reservoir under the conditions of formation pressure, temperature, the whole process of horizontal well hydraulic fracturing and multi-step conditions. Therefore, the mechanism of hydraulic fracturing activating faults, the feature difference of multi-stage fracturing fracture network, the deformation of casing and the risk of induced earthquake can be quantitatively characterized and regularly analyzed, so as to study the formation and expansion of rock mass fracturing fracture network, the activation of faults and the deformation and damage process of wellbore casing during the whole process of fracturing at different stages of horizontal well.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of shale oil and gas field development, and is a test system for simulating fault activation and induced earthquake under the action of horizontal well hydraulic fracturing. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing demand for oil and gas resources and the continuous deepening of exploration and development, unconventional oil and gas such as tight oil and shale oil have become an important part of increasing reserves and production of oil and gas resources. As the most important reservoir reconstruction method in the development of unconventional oil and gas, hydraulic fracturing has attracted the attention of many scholars at home and abroad, and a large number of indoor simulation tests have been carried out. However, these studies mainly focus on how to produce more fracturing fracture networks and improve the permeability of the reservoir, and less attention is paid to the problem of fault activation and induced earthquake during the fracturing process. Production practice shows that the hydraulic fracturing process of the reservoir can cause hydraulic coupling damage of the deep fault rock mass, trigger rock mass shear failure, activate the fault, and then produce seismic activity. The fault has an important influence on the production and development of the oil and gas field, not only affecting the fracturing effect (segment loss, disturbance, and difficulty in forming complex fracture networks), but also being one of the main factors causing casing deformation, and even having the risk of inducing deep seismic events. In recent years, the number of reports about earthquakes caused by fluid injection in the United States, Canada, and Europe has increased year by year, which has become a social and scientific problem of great concern.

[0003] The physical simulation test device for studying fault activation and induced earthquake under the action of horizontal well hydraulic fracturing cannot realize the application of real formation temperature and true triaxial formation pressure conditions, and cannot continuously and real-timely monitor the pressure, temperature, and rupture of the fault-containing geological reservoir under the whole process of horizontal well hydraulic fracturing and multi-step conditions (perforation and fracturing), so as to study the mechanism of fault activation and induced earthquake under the action of hydraulic fracturing and the condition of casing damage caused by the action. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application provides a test system for simulating fault activation and induced earthquake under the action of horizontal well hydraulic fracturing, which overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and effectively solves the problems of the existing physical simulation test device for fault activation and induced earthquake under the action of horizontal well hydraulic fracturing, such as the inability to apply real formation temperature and formation pressure, and the inability to continuously and real-timely monitor the application of pressure conditions, the pressure, temperature, and rupture of the fault-containing geological reservoir under the whole process of horizontal well hydraulic fracturing and multi-step conditions (perforation and fracturing).

[0005] The technical scheme of the present application is realized by the following measures: a test system for simulating fault activation and induced earthquake under the action of hydraulic fracturing of a horizontal well, comprising a horizontal well geological model, a distributed optical fiber monitoring system, a perforating system, a fracturing system, a formation temperature simulation system and a stress application system, the horizontal well geological model containing a fault and being capable of simulating the geological structure of the region where the horizontal well is located, the horizontal well geological model being provided with a horizontal wellbore opening to the right in the middle right part, a wellbore casing being fixedly installed in the horizontal wellbore, the right end of the wellbore casing being located to the right of the horizontal well geological model, the distributed optical fiber monitoring system being provided between the wellbore casing and the horizontal wellbore and in the horizontal well geological model and being capable of continuously and real-timely monitoring multiple physical fields, the distributed optical fiber monitoring system being used for monitoring the pressure and temperature of the horizontal well geological model and the fracturing process and deformation of the wellbore casing in the whole process of hydraulic fracturing of the horizontal well, the perforating system being provided in the wellbore casing and being capable of performing perforating operation before fracturing, the right end of the wellbore casing being capable of being connected with the fracturing system after the perforating system is removed, the stress application system being provided outside the horizontal well geological model and being capable of applying pressure to the horizontal well geological model in multiple directions, the formation temperature simulation system being provided between the stress application system and the horizontal well geological model and being capable of keeping the horizontal well geological model at a predetermined temperature.

[0006] The following is a further optimization or / and improvement of the above technical scheme of the present application:

[0007] The above horizontal well geological model can comprise a left rock mass, a fault and a right rock mass, the left rock mass being in the shape of an inverted right-angle ladder platform with the upper part being wider and the lower part being narrower, and the right side surface thereof being inclined from the lower left to the upper right, the right side of the left rock mass being provided with the right rock mass with the left side surface thereof matching the shape of the right side surface of the left rock mass, the right rock mass being in the shape of a right-angle ladder platform with the upper part being narrower and the lower part being wider, and the left rock mass and the right rock mass being provided with the fault therebetween.

[0008] The stratum temperature simulation system can comprise an upper left loading pad, a lower left loading pad, a front left loading pad, a rear left loading pad, a left loading pad, an upper right loading pad, a lower right loading pad, a front right loading pad, a rear right loading pad, a right loading pad, and a high-temperature pump, the upper side, the lower side, the front side, the rear side, and the left side of the left rock mass are respectively fixedly installed with the upper left loading pad, the lower left loading pad, the front left loading pad, the rear left loading pad, and the left loading pad, and the right end surfaces of the front left loading pad and the rear left loading pad are matched with the shape of the right side surface of the left rock mass; the upper side, the lower side, the front side, the rear side, and the right side of the right rock mass are respectively fixedly installed with the upper right loading pad, the lower right loading pad, the front right loading pad, the rear right loading pad, and the right loading pad, and the left end surfaces of the front right loading pad and the rear right loading pad are matched with the shape of the left side surface of the right rock mass; the lower side of the upper left loading pad, the lower side of the upper right loading pad, and the left side of the right loading pad are each provided with a fiber installation groove for facilitating laying of a distributed optical fiber monitoring system; the right loading pad corresponding to the horizontal wellbore position is provided with a casing installation hole penetrating left and right, and the inside of the casing installation hole is sleeved with the outside of the right part of the wellbore casing; all the loading pads are each provided with a high-temperature medium flow channel coiled in a serpentine or S shape, and all the high-temperature medium flow channels can be connected with the high-temperature pump through high-temperature pipelines.

[0009] The stress application system can include a U-shaped counterforce frame, a front pressure loading device, a rear pressure loading device, an upper counterforce plate, an upper pressure loading device, a left counterforce supporting device, a right counterforce supporting device, a left counterforce plate, a right counterforce plate, a left pressure loading device and a right pressure loading device, the U-shaped counterforce frame is internally provided with a formation temperature simulation system and a horizontal well geological model, two front force holes penetrating in and out are arranged at the middle part of the front side of the U-shaped counterforce frame, the front pressure loading device is arranged in the two front force holes and can abut against the front side of the left front loading base plate and the front side of the right front loading base plate at the rear end, respectively, the rear side of the U-shaped counterforce frame corresponding to the positions of the two front force holes is provided with two rear force holes penetrating in and out, the rear pressure loading device is arranged in the two rear force holes and can abut against the rear side of the left rear loading base plate and the rear side of the right rear loading base plate at the front end, respectively, the upper side of the U-shaped counterforce frame is detachably provided with the upper counterforce plate, two upper force holes penetrating up and down are arranged at the middle part of the upper counterforce plate, the upper pressure loading device is arranged in the two upper force holes and can abut against the upper side of the left upper loading base plate and the upper side of the right upper loading base plate at the lower end, respectively, the left counterforce supporting device capable of balancing the stress of the lower part of the left rock mass is arranged between the inner side of the lower end of the U-shaped counterforce frame and the lower side of the left lower loading base plate, the right counterforce supporting device capable of balancing the stress of the lower part of the right rock mass is arranged between the inner side of the lower end of the U-shaped counterforce frame and the lower side of the right lower loading base plate, the left counterforce plate and the right counterforce plate are detachably arranged at the left side and the right side of the U-shaped counterforce frame, respectively, the left force hole penetrating left and right is arranged at the middle part of the left counterforce plate, the left pressure loading device abutting against the middle part of the left loading base plate at the left side is arranged in the left force hole, the right force hole penetrating left and right is arranged on the right counterforce plate corresponding to the position of the left force hole, the right pressure loading device abutting against the middle part of the right loading base plate at the right side is arranged in the right force hole, the axial channel is arranged at the middle part of the right pressure loading device, and the right part of the wellbore casing is sleeved in the axial channel.

[0010] The stress application system can further include a loading oil source, the front pressure loading device, the rear pressure loading device, the upper pressure loading device, the left pressure loading device and the right pressure loading device are all loading oil cylinders, and the connecting flanges detachably arranged together with the U-shaped counterforce frame, the upper counterforce plate, the left counterforce plate and the right counterforce plate at corresponding positions are arranged on all the loading oil cylinders, respectively, the middle part of the piston rod of the right loading oil cylinder is provided with the casing through hole for facilitating the wellbore casing to pass through, and all the loading oil cylinders are connected with the loading oil source through the oil line and the control valve.

[0011] The left counterforce supporting device can include the elastic expansion part, the top plate and the bottom plate arranged in up and down, the elastic expansion part capable of up and down expansion buffering is arranged between the corresponding positions of the four corners of the lower side of the top plate and the four corners of the upper side of the bottom plate and between the middle part of the lower side of the top plate and the middle part of the upper side of the bottom plate, the right counterforce supporting device is the same as the left counterforce supporting device in structure, and the outer dimensions of the two are adapted to the outer dimensions of the left lower loading base plate and the right lower loading base plate, respectively.

[0012] The distributed optical fiber monitoring system can include a casing monitoring distributed optical fiber, a longitudinal distributed optical fiber group, a horizontal distributed optical fiber group, and an optical fiber signal collector. The casing monitoring distributed optical fiber is arranged in a horizontal well geological model corresponding to the position between the casing of the wellbore and the horizontal wellbore. The horizontal well geological model is provided with a plurality of longitudinal distributed optical fiber groups spaced left and right. Each longitudinal distributed optical fiber group includes a plurality of longitudinal distributed optical fibers arranged front and back. The horizontal well geological model is provided with a plurality of horizontal distributed optical fiber groups spaced up and down. Each horizontal distributed optical fiber group includes a plurality of horizontal distributed optical fibers arranged front and back. The casing monitoring distributed optical fiber, each longitudinal distributed optical fiber group, and the horizontal distributed optical fiber group are all connected to the optical fiber signal collector.

[0013] The perforating system can include a perforating gun and a perforating gun controller. The inside of the wellbore casing is sleeved with the perforating gun from the left end to the right end of the perforating gun. The right end of the perforating gun is connected to the perforating gun controller.

[0014] The fracturing system can include a fracturing pipeline and a fracturing plunger pump. The right end of the wellbore casing is sealingly installed with the liquid outlet end of the fracturing pipeline. The liquid inlet end of the fracturing pipeline is sealingly installed with the liquid outlet of the fracturing plunger pump.

[0015] The system can further include a bridge plug for segmented fracturing. The bridge plug is shaped like a date and has an axial flow passage in the middle. The outer side of the middle of the bridge plug is sleeved with the inner wall of the wellbore casing. A sealing ring is arranged between the outer side of the left end of the bridge plug and the inner wall of the wellbore casing. The inner side of the right part of the bridge plug is provided with a ball seat capable of realizing ball-drop fracturing.

[0016] The system can further include a control system capable of controlling the simulation process. The control system includes a control console and a computer. At least one computer is arranged on the control console. The computer is connected to the distributed optical fiber monitoring system, the perforating system, the fracturing system, the formation temperature simulation system, and the stress application system, respectively.

[0017] This invention features a rational and compact structure, making it easy to use. It applies vertical pressure to the horizontal well geological model via an upper loading cylinder and a reaction support device. Left and right loading cylinders, along with front and rear loading cylinders, apply horizontal pressure in the left-right and front-rear directions respectively. This allows the invention to apply true triaxial formation pressure, simulating conditions that better match the geological environment faced by deep shale oil and gas development, resulting in more accurate results. Furthermore, this invention can simulate the actual temperature of the formation where the horizontal well is located using a formation temperature simulation system. It also determines the fault orientation and dip based on microseismic data from the horizontal well site, thereby creating a horizontal well geological model containing the fault. Through large-scale indoor physical model tests, the true temperature and pressure environment of the fault-containing geological reservoir is recreated. This invention can also lay longitudinal and horizontal distributed optical fibers according to actual needs, and lay casing monitoring distributed optical fibers during cementing to continuously monitor and characterize the formation temperature, pressure, and multi-physics fields of fault-bearing geological reservoirs under the entire process and multi-step conditions (perforation, fracturing) of the horizontal well geological model. This makes the research more comprehensive, intuitive and quantitative, and enables quantitative characterization and regular analysis of the mechanism of hydraulic fracturing activating faults, the characteristics of multi-level fracturing networks, casing deformation and induced seismic risks. This allows for the study of the formation and expansion of rock mass fracturing networks, fault activation and well casing deformation and damage processes during different stages of fracturing in horizontal wells. This has significant engineering and scientific significance for the efficient and safe development of shale oil and gas in my country. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main view of the partial cross-sectional structure during the first fracturing in Embodiments 1-11 of the present invention.

[0019] Appendix Figure 2 For the appendix Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure.

[0020] Appendix Figure 3 For the appendix Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the main view partial cross-section of the system under moderate stress.

[0021] Appendix Figure 4 For the appendix Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of a horizontal well geological model containing faults and a distributed optical fiber monitoring system.

[0022] Appendix Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main view cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geological model containing a fault during the first perforation in Embodiments 1-11 of the present invention.

[0023] Appendix Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main view cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geological model containing a fault during the second perforation in Embodiments 1-11 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geologic model containing a fault for the second fracturing of the embodiment 1 of the present application. Figure 7 Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geologic model containing a fault for the second fracturing of the embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0025] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geologic model containing a fault for the second fracturing of the embodiment 3 of the present application. Figure 8 Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geologic model containing a fault for the second fracturing of the embodiment 4 of the present application. Figure 1 Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geologic model containing a fault for the second fracturing of the embodiment 5 of the present application.

[0026] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geologic model containing a fault for the second fracturing of the embodiment 6 of the present application. Figure 9 Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geologic model containing a fault for the second fracturing of the embodiment 7 of the present application. Figure 1 Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geologic model containing a fault for the second fracturing of the embodiment 8 of the present application.

[0027] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geologic model containing a fault for the second fracturing of the embodiment 9 of the present application. Figure 10 Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geologic model containing a fault for the second fracturing of the embodiment 10 of the present application. Figure 1 Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geologic model containing a fault for the second fracturing of the embodiment 11 of the present application.

[0028] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geologic model containing a fault for the second fracturing of the embodiment 12 of the present application. Figure 11 Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of a horizontal well geologic model containing a fault for the second fracturing of the embodiment 13 of the present application.

[0029] The codes in the drawings are as follows: 1 is a horizontal wellbore, 2 is a wellbore casing, 3 is a left rock mass, 4 is a fault, 5 is a right rock mass, 6 is a left upper loading pad, 7 is a left lower loading pad, 8 is a left front loading pad, 9 is a left loading pad, 10 is a right upper loading pad, 11 is a right lower loading pad, 12 is a right front loading pad, 13 is a right loading pad, 14 is a high-temperature pump, 15 is a fiber installation slot, 16 is a casing installation hole, 17 is a high-temperature medium flow channel, 18 is a U-shaped counterforce frame, 19 is a front pressure loading device, 20 is a rear pressure loading device, 21 is an upper counterforce plate, 22 is an upper pressure loading device, 23 is a left counterforce plate, 24 is a right counterforce plate, 25 is a left pressure loading device, 26 is a right pressure loading device, 27 is a loading oil source, 28 is a threaded fastener, 29 is a connecting flange, 30 is a casing via, 31 is an elastic expansion part, 32 is a top plate, 33 is a bottom plate, 34 is a casing monitoring distributed optical fiber, 35 is a longitudinal distributed optical fiber group, 36 is a horizontal distributed optical fiber group, 37 is an optical fiber signal collector, 38 is a longitudinal distributed optical fiber, 39 is a horizontal distributed optical fiber, 40 is a perforating gun, 41 is a perforating gun controller, 42 is a fracturing pipeline, 43 is a fracturing plunger pump, 44 is a bridge plug, 45 is an axial flow channel, 46 is a sealing ring, 47 is a ball seat, 48 is a control console, 49 is a computer, 50 is a high-temperature joint, 51 is a support leg, 52 is a ball launching, and 53 is a foot pad. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present application is not limited by the following embodiments, and the specific implementation can be determined according to the technical solution of the present application and the actual situation.

[0031] In the present application, in order to facilitate the description, the relative position relationship of each component is described according to the schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the horizontal well geologic model containing a fault for the second fracturing of the present application. Figure 1The layout is described using a diagrammatic method, such as front, back, top, bottom, left, right, etc. The positional relationships are determined based on the layout direction of the attached diagram in the instruction manual.

[0032] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings:

[0033] Example 1: As shown in the attached document Figures 1-10 As shown, the simulated horizontal well hydraulic fracturing fault activation and induced seismic test system includes a horizontal well geological model, a distributed fiber optic monitoring system, a perforation system, a fracturing system, a formation temperature simulation system, and a stress application system. The horizontal well geological model contains fault 4 and can simulate the geological structure of the area where the horizontal well is located. A horizontal wellbore 1 with its opening to the right is located in the middle of the right side of the horizontal well geological model. A well casing 2 with its right end located to the right of the horizontal well geological model is fixedly installed inside the horizontal well casing 1. There are continuous real-time monitoring devices between the well casing 2 and the horizontal well casing 1, as well as inside the horizontal well geological model. The distributed fiber optic monitoring system for the physical field is used to monitor the pressure and temperature of the horizontal well geological model, as well as the fracturing process of the horizontal well hydraulic fracturing and the deformation of the well casing 2. The well casing 2 is equipped with a perforation system that can perform perforation operations before fracturing. After the perforation system is removed, the right end of the well casing 2 can be connected to the fracturing system. The outside of the horizontal well geological model is equipped with a stress application system that can apply pressure to the horizontal well geological model in multiple directions. Between the stress application system and the horizontal well geological model, there is a formation temperature simulation system that can maintain the horizontal well geological model at a predetermined temperature.

[0034] With this setup, the horizontal well geological model can simulate the geological structure of the reservoir where the horizontal well is located, which includes fault 4. The horizontal wellbore 1 passes laterally through fault 4. The formation temperature simulation system can simulate the actual temperature of the formation where the horizontal well is located. The stress application system can apply pressure to the horizontal well geological model in multiple directions, enabling the horizontal well geological model to simulate the actual pressure of the formation where the horizontal well is located. Thus, this invention can simulate the actual geological conditions of the formation where the horizontal well is located and restore the actual temperature and pressure environment at the geological reservoir containing fault 4 (where the horizontal well is located). The distributed optical fiber detection system laid between the well casing 2 and the horizontal wellbore 1 and within the horizontal well geological model can monitor the pressure application status of the stress application system on the horizontal well geological model in real time and continuously, as well as the multi-physics field within the horizontal well geological model during perforation operations, the entire hydraulic fracturing process, and under the conditions of multi-stage perforation-fracturing combined operation. This is to facilitate the study of the mechanism of fault 4 activation and earthquake induction under hydraulic fracturing, as well as the quantitative characterization and regular analysis of the differences in multi-stage fracturing network characteristics, casing deformation, and earthquake induction risk.

[0035] Depending on the requirements, the horizontal well geological model can be made from natural rock or precast concrete; the distributed fiber optic monitoring system can be laid in the horizontal well geological model through boreholes, or it can be pre-embedded in the horizontal well geological model according to the test requirements during the prefabrication process; the formation temperature simulation system can be implemented through oil bath, steam bath or water bath, or through heat collectors, heating plates or heating layers or heating packs; the stress application system can be implemented through existing technologies such as pressurized cylinders, pressurized oil cylinders, hydraulic jacks or water pressure application systems.

[0036] The above-mentioned test system for simulating fault activation and induced earthquakes under hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells can be further optimized and / or improved according to actual needs:

[0037] Example 2: As shown in the attached document Figure 1 , 4 As shown in Figure 7, the geological model of the horizontal well includes a left rock mass 3, a fault 4, and a right rock mass 5. The left rock mass 3 is shaped like an inverted right-angled trapezoid with a wider top and a narrower bottom, and its right side face is inclined from left to right. To the right of the left rock mass 3, there is a right rock mass 5 whose left side face matches the shape of the right side face of the left rock mass 3. The right rock mass 5 is shaped like a right-angled trapezoid with a narrower top and a wider bottom. A fault 4 is located between the left rock mass 3 and the right rock mass 5.

[0038] With this setup, the left rock mass 3 and the right rock mass 5 can form a regular rectangle, and the shape of the fault 4 between them is more in line with the natural rock fault 4 formed by existing technology. The horizontal wellbore 1 penetrates the right rock mass 5 and the fault 4 from right to left and then stops at the inner left side of the left rock mass 3, thereby simulating the geological structure of the horizontal well and its area in existing technology.

[0039] According to the requirements, the orientation and dip of fault 4 should be determined in conjunction with the microseismic data of the horizontal well site to be simulated. In this embodiment, the shape distribution of the left rock mass 3, the right rock mass 5 and fault 4 is only one of them. In the actual test, the shape of the left rock mass 3 and the right rock mass 5 and the orientation and dip of fault 4 should be determined by the actual conditions of the horizontal well site to be simulated.

[0040] Example 3: As shown in the attached document Figure 1 , 5As shown in FIG. 10, the formation temperature simulation system comprises an upper left loading pad 6, a lower left loading pad 7, a front left loading pad 8, a rear left loading pad, a left loading pad 9, an upper right loading pad 10, a lower right loading pad 11, a front right loading pad 12, a rear right loading pad, a right loading pad 13 and a high-temperature pump 14. The upper side, lower side, front side, rear side and left side of the left rock mass 3 are respectively fixedly installed with the upper left loading pad 6, the lower left loading pad 7, the front left loading pad 8, the rear left loading pad and the left loading pad 9. The shapes of the right end faces of the front left loading pad 8 and the rear left loading pad match the shape of the right side face of the left rock mass 3. The upper side, lower side, front side, rear side and right side of the right rock mass 5 are respectively fixedly installed with the upper right loading pad 10, the lower right loading pad 11, the front right loading pad 12, the rear right loading pad and the right loading pad 13. The shapes of the left end faces of the front right loading pad 12 and the rear right loading pad match the shape of the left side face of the right rock mass 5. The lower side of the upper left loading pad 6, the lower side of the upper right loading pad 10 and the left side of the right loading pad 13 are respectively provided with optical fiber installation grooves 15 for laying the distributed optical fiber monitoring system. The right loading pad 13 corresponding to the position of the horizontal wellbore 1 is provided with a left-right through casing installation hole 16. The inner side of the casing installation hole 16 is sleeved with the right side of the wellbore casing 2. The above-mentioned loading pads are respectively provided with high-temperature medium flow channels 17 in a serpentine or S-shaped coil. The high-temperature medium flow channels 17 are connected with the high-temperature pump 14 through high-temperature pipelines.

[0041] In use: the upper left loading pad 6, the lower left loading pad 7, the front left loading pad 8, the rear left loading pad, the left loading pad 9, the upper right loading pad 10, the lower right loading pad 11, the front right loading pad 12, the rear right loading pad and the right loading pad 13 can completely wrap the horizontal well geological model containing the fault 4, so that the horizontal well geological model can be uniformly heated and the pressure generated by the stress applying system can be directly and uniformly applied to the horizontal well geological model. The high-temperature pump 14 can make the high-temperature heating medium circulate through the high-temperature pipelines and the high-temperature medium flow channels 17 in a serpentine or S-shaped coil in each loading pad, so as to heat the horizontal well geological model through the high-temperature heating medium, so that the horizontal well geological model can simulate the real temperature of the formation where the horizontal well is located, and the geological environment of the horizontal well is closer to the real environment. The above-mentioned heating method is cleaner, which can effectively avoid the leakage of high-temperature heat-dissipating medium or the penetration of high-temperature medium into the horizontal well geological model to affect the properties of the rock. Since the above-mentioned loading pads wrap the left rock mass 3 and the right rock mass 5 in blocks, when the stress applying system applies pressure to the left rock mass 3 and the right rock mass 5, the stress state of the left rock mass 3 and the stress state of the right rock mass 5 can be effectively prevented from interfering with each other, and the stresses of the two can be changed respectively. The distributed optical fiber monitoring system distributed in the horizontal well geological model can be laid through the corresponding optical fiber installation grooves 15 after arrangement, and then led out of the stress applying system after collection and arrangement.

[0042] Depending on the requirements, the high-temperature medium can be high-temperature water, high-temperature oil, or high-temperature steam, as known in existing technologies. All the loading pads can be made of materials with good thermal conductivity. All loading pads and the horizontal well geological model can be fixedly installed by means of existing technologies such as snap-fit, mortar bonding, adhesive bonding, riveting, or threaded fasteners 28. Each high-temperature medium flow channel 17 is equipped with a high-temperature connector 50 at the inlet and outlet for easy connection to high-temperature pipelines.

[0043] Example 4: As shown in the appendix Figures 1-3 As shown in Figure 5-8, the stress application system includes a U-shaped reaction frame 18, a front pressure loading device 19, a rear pressure loading device 20, an upper reaction plate 21, an upper pressure loading device 22, a left reaction support device, a right reaction support device, a left reaction plate 23, a right reaction plate 24, a left pressure loading device 25, and a right pressure loading device 26. The U-shaped reaction frame 18 contains a formation temperature simulation system and a horizontal well geological model. Two through-holes are provided at intervals on the left and right sides of the front middle of the U-shaped reaction frame 18. Each of the two front loading holes is equipped with a front pressure loading device 19, the rear end of which can abut against the front side of the left front loading pad 8 and the front side of the right front loading pad 12, respectively. The U-shaped reaction frame 18, corresponding to the positions of the two front loading holes, is equipped with a rear loading hole that extends through both the inside and outside. Each of the two rear loading holes is equipped with a rear pressure loading device 20, the front end of which can abut against the rear side of the left rear loading pad and the rear side of the right rear loading pad, respectively. An upper reaction plate 21 is detachably installed on the upper side of the U-shaped reaction frame 18. Two upper reaction plates are spaced apart on the left and right sides of the middle of the upper reaction plate 21. The upper loading holes are penetrating downwards, and each of the two upper loading holes is equipped with an upper pressure loading device 22, the lower end of which can abut against the upper side of the upper left loading pad 6 and the upper right loading pad 10 respectively; a left reaction support device is provided between the lower inner side of the U-shaped reaction frame 18 and the lower side of the lower left loading pad 7 to balance the lower stress of the left rock mass 3, and a right reaction support device is provided between the lower inner side of the U-shaped reaction frame 18 and the lower side of the lower right loading pad 11 to balance the lower stress of the right rock mass 5; the left and right sides of the U-shaped reaction frame 18 can respectively... The left reaction plate 23 and the right reaction plate 24 are disassembled and installed. The left reaction plate 23 has a left force-adding hole that runs through the left and right sides in the middle. The left force-adding hole has a left pressure loading device 25 whose right end abuts against the middle of the left side of the left loading pad 9. The right reaction plate 24, corresponding to the position of the left force-adding hole, has a right force-adding hole that runs through the left and right sides. The right force-adding hole has a right pressure loading device 26 whose left end abuts against the middle of the right side of the right loading pad 13. The right pressure loading device 26 has an axial channel in the middle. The right part of the well casing 2 is fitted into the axial channel.

[0044] By setting in this way, the U-shaped counterforce frame 18, the upper counterforce plate 21, the left counterforce plate 23 and the right counterforce plate 24 can provide effective support for the front pressure loading device 19, the rear pressure loading device 20, the upper pressure loading device 22, the left counterforce supporting device and the right counterforce supporting device; the front pressure loading device 19 and the rear pressure loading device 20 can exert pressure in the front-rear direction on the horizontal well geologic model, the left counterforce supporting device and the right counterforce supporting device can exert pressure in the left-right direction on the horizontal well geologic model, the left counterforce supporting device and the right counterforce supporting device can effectively balance the stress at the lower part of the horizontal well geologic model, and the upper pressure loading device 22 together with the left counterforce supporting device and the right counterforce supporting device can exert pressure in the up-down direction on the horizontal well geologic model, so that the present application can realize a true triaxial testing machine, the simulation condition is more in line with the geological environment faced by deep shale oil and gas development, and the result is more accurate; the front pressure loading device 19, the rear pressure loading device 20 and the upper pressure loading device 22 arranged in pairs can make the left rock mass 3 and the right rock mass 5 be pressed more uniformly and balanced, make the stress state of the horizontal well geologic model be closer to the real pressure state of the formation where the horizontal well is located, and make the test state be closer to the real state.

[0045] According to the requirement, in order to facilitate the installation of the formation temperature simulation system and the horizontal well geologic model, the bottom section of the U-shaped counterforce frame 18 is rectangular or square; the left counterforce supporting device and the right counterforce supporting device can be realized by the spring damper or the hydraulic damper in the prior art; in order to facilitate the installation and operation of the stress exerting system, the lower side of the U-shaped counterforce frame 18 is provided with a support leg 51 at each of the four corners.

[0046] Embodiment 5: as shown in the accompanying Figures 1-3 The stress exerting system further includes a loading oil source 27, the front pressure loading device 19, the rear pressure loading device 20, the upper pressure loading device 22, the left pressure loading device 25 and the right pressure loading device 26 are all loading oil cylinders, and a connecting flange 29 which can be detachably installed together with the U-shaped counterforce frame 18, the upper counterforce plate 21, the left counterforce plate 23 and the right counterforce plate 24 through threaded fasteners 28 is arranged on all the loading oil cylinders respectively, a casing through hole 30 through which the wellbore casing 2 passes is arranged in the middle of the piston rod of the right loading oil cylinder, and all the loading oil cylinders are connected with the loading oil source 27 through oil line and control valve respectively.

[0047] During use, the piston rod of the front loading cylinder can extend backward to apply backward pressure to the horizontal well geological model, while the piston rod of the rear loading cylinder can extend forward to apply forward pressure to the horizontal well geological model. The piston rod of the upper loading cylinder extends downward to provide downward pressure to the horizontal well geological model. The piston rod of the left loading cylinder extends to the right to provide rightward pressure to the horizontal well geological model, and the piston rod of the right loading cylinder extends to the left to provide leftward pressure to the horizontal well geological model. In addition, the hollow piston rod of the right loading cylinder makes it easier for the well casing 2 to pass through.

[0048] As required, all loading cylinders can be fixedly installed together with their corresponding U-shaped reaction frame 18, upper reaction plate 21, left reaction plate 23 and right reaction plate 24 via connecting flange 29 and threaded fastener 28. Each loading cylinder can be connected to the loading oil source 27 via oil pipeline and control valve. The control valve can be an electromagnetic control valve so that the action of the loading cylinder can be automatically or remotely controlled by the control unit. The loading oil source 27 may include an oil tank and an oil pump to provide power to the loading cylinder.

[0049] Example 6: As shown in the appendix Figure 1 , 5 As shown in Figure 8, the left reaction force support device includes an elastic telescopic part 31 and a top plate 32 and a bottom plate 33 arranged at intervals. The lower corners of the top plate 32 and the upper corners of the bottom plate 33 are respectively provided with elastic telescopic parts 31 that can extend and retract vertically for buffering. The right reaction force support device has the same structure as the left reaction force support device, and their external dimensions are adapted to the external dimensions of the lower left loading pad 7 and the lower right loading pad 11, respectively.

[0050] With this configuration, the top plate 32 and bottom plate 33, which are adapted to the lower side of the left rock mass 3 or the lower side of the right rock mass 5, can better and more evenly transmit pressure and reaction forces, resulting in a better stress balance effect on the lower part of the horizontal well geological model and preventing the U-shaped reaction frame 18 from deforming or damaging the horizontal well geological model. According to requirements, in this embodiment, the elastic telescopic part 31 includes a compression spring and an outer sleeve and inner sleeve rod fitted together. Its structure is simple and reliable, with low processing cost and easy maintenance. Support feet 53 can be provided at the four corners of the lower side of the bottom plate 33.

[0051] Example 7: As attached Figure 1 , 2As shown in FIGS. 4, the distributed optical fiber monitoring system comprises casing monitoring distributed optical fiber 34, longitudinal distributed optical fiber group 35, horizontal distributed optical fiber group 36 and optical fiber signal collector 37. The casing monitoring distributed optical fiber 34 is arranged in the horizontal well geological model corresponding to the position between the wellbore casing 2 and the horizontal wellbore 1. The horizontal well geological model is provided with a plurality of longitudinal distributed optical fiber groups 35 which are arranged at intervals left and right. Each longitudinal distributed optical fiber group 35 comprises a plurality of longitudinal distributed optical fibers 38 which are arranged at intervals front and back. The horizontal well geological model is provided with a plurality of horizontal distributed optical fiber groups 36 which are arranged at intervals up and down. Each horizontal distributed optical fiber group 36 comprises a plurality of horizontal distributed optical fibers 39 which are arranged at intervals front and back. The casing monitoring distributed optical fiber 34, each longitudinal distributed optical fiber group 35 and horizontal distributed optical fiber group 36 are connectable with the optical fiber signal collector 37.

[0052] In use, the temperature of each part of the horizontal well geological model and the pressure and deformation information of the longitudinal, horizontal and wellbore casing 2 of the horizontal well geological model can be continuously and real-timely collected by the optical fiber signal collector 37, so as to study the formation and expansion of the rock fracture network, the activation of the fault 4 and the deformation and damage process of the wellbore casing 2 in the whole process of the horizontal well perforation, the hydraulic fracturing or the multi-stage perforation-fracturing combined operation, and further to quantitatively characterize and analyze the mechanism of the hydraulic fracturing activating the fault 4, the feature difference of the multi-stage fracture network, the casing deformation and the risk of inducing earthquake. According to the requirement, the optical fiber signal collector 37 can be connected with a computer or a workstation through a data transmission line, so as to analyze and arrange the above data.

[0053] Embodiment 8: as shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10, the perforation system comprises perforation gun 40 and perforation gun controller 41. The inside of the wellbore casing 2 is sleeved with the left end to the right side of the perforation gun 40, and the right end of the perforation gun 40 is connected with the perforation gun controller 41. Figure 1 2 By such arrangement, the perforation operation can be performed before the fracturing, and the multi-stage perforation operation can also be realized.

[0054] Embodiment 9: as shown in FIGS. 11, 12 and 13, the fracturing system comprises fracturing pipeline 42 and fracturing plunger pump 43. The right end of the wellbore casing 2 is sealingly installed with the liquid outlet end of the fracturing pipeline 42, and the liquid inlet end of the fracturing pipeline 42 is sealingly installed with the liquid outlet of the fracturing plunger pump 43.

[0055] By such arrangement, the hydraulic fracturing operation after the perforation of the horizontal well can be simulated, and the relationship between the hydraulic pressure operation and the activation state of the fault 4 can be analyzed. Figure 1 2 Embodiment 10: as shown in FIGS. 14, 15 and 16, the fracturing system comprises fracturing pipeline 42 and fracturing plunger pump 43. The right end of the wellbore casing 2 is sealingly installed with the liquid outlet end of the fracturing pipeline 42, and the liquid inlet end of the fracturing pipeline 42 is sealingly installed with the liquid outlet of the fracturing plunger pump 43.

[0056] By such arrangement, the hydraulic fracturing operation after the perforation of the horizontal well can be simulated, and the relationship between the hydraulic pressure operation and the activation state of the fault 4 can be analyzed.

[0057] Embodiment 11: as shown in FIGS. 17, 18 and 19, the perforation system comprises perforation gun 40 and perforation gun controller 41. The inside of the wellbore casing 2 is sleeved with the left end to the right side of the perforation gun 40, and the right end of the perforation gun 40 is connected with the perforation gun controller 41. Figure 6 ​​​7 The bridge plug 44 is shown in the shape of a plum and has an axial flow channel 45 in the middle part, and the outer side of the middle part of the bridge plug 44 is sleeved with the inner wall of the wellbore casing 2, and the outer side of the left end of the bridge plug 44 is provided with a sealing ring 46 between the inner wall of the wellbore casing 2, and the inner side of the right part of the bridge plug 44 is provided with a ball seat 47 capable of achieving fracturing by the ball 52.

[0058] In use, after the bridge plug 44 is sealingly installed in the wellbore casing 2, the segmented fracturing simulation test can be performed by sealing the ball 52.

[0059] Embodiment 11: as shown in the accompanying Figure 1 、 2 The control system also includes a control console 48 and a computer 49, the control console 48 is provided with at least one computer 49, and the computer 49 is connected with the distributed optical fiber monitoring system, the perforating system, the fracturing system, the formation temperature simulation system and the stress applying system respectively.

[0060] In this way, the control console 48 is more convenient for the test personnel to control the test device, and the computer 49 can more quickly control each test system and analyze and process test data. According to the needs, in order to facilitate the control of the present application and the processing of test data, two computers 49 (which can also be workstations) are provided on the control console 48 in the embodiment; in order to facilitate nearby control, the perforating gun controller 41 and the optical fiber signal collector 37 can be installed on the tabletop of the control console 48, and the fracturing plug pump 43, the loading oil source 27 and the high-temperature pump 14 can be installed in the control console 48.

[0061] The use process of the present application is as follows:

[0062] Firstly, the orientation and inclination of the fault 4 are determined in combination with the microseismic data of the horizontal well site, a horizontal well geological model containing the fault 4 is made, and the longitudinal distributed optical fiber 38 and the horizontal distributed optical fiber 39 are laid according to actual needs.

[0063] Secondly, a specific test scheme is formulated according to the test requirements, including perforating mode, fracturing fluid type, fracturing flow rate, number of fracturing sections, etc.

[0064] Thirdly, the wellbore casing 2 provided with the casing monitoring distributed optical fiber 34 on the outer side is installed in the horizontal wellbore 1, and cementing is performed.

[0065] Fourthly, each loading pad in the formation temperature simulation system is fixedly installed with the outer side of the left rock mass 3 and the right rock mass 5.

[0066] Fifth step, the installation of the loading pad horizontal well geological model is hoisted into the stress application system cavity (at this time the upper counterforce plate 21 is not installed), then the longitudinal distributed optical fiber 38, horizontal distributed optical fiber 39 and casing monitoring distributed optical fiber 34 are connected with the optical fiber signal collector 37, the optical fiber signal collector 37 is connected with the computer 49, then the high-temperature medium flow channel 17 on each loading pad is communicated with the high-temperature pump 14 through the high-temperature pipeline, after debugging, the deformation, temperature and stress data of each position of the horizontal well geological model are recorded.

[0067] Sixth step, after the upper counterforce plate 21 is installed, the high-temperature pump 14 is opened to heat the horizontal well geological model, so that it is consistent with the actual temperature field of the horizontal well site.

[0068] Seventh step, the formation stress is applied, the application sequence is: first, the vertical stress (i.e. the up-down direction stress) is applied through the two upper loading oil cylinders, so that the top plate 32 of the left counterforce supporting device and the right counterforce supporting device is compressed downward until balance is reached; then the left-right direction horizontal stress is applied through the left loading oil cylinder and the right loading oil cylinder, and the front-back direction horizontal stress is applied through the front loading oil cylinder and the rear loading oil cylinder, until the target stress is reached.

[0069] Eighth step, the perforating gun 40 is extended into the wellbore casing 2 to the designated position to perform perforating operation.

[0070] Ninth step, after the perforating gun 40 is taken out, the fracturing pipeline 42 is connected with the right end of the wellbore casing 2, and the first fracturing is performed according to the test scheme requirements.

[0071] Tenth step, after the first fracturing is completed, the fracturing pipeline 42 is removed, the bridge plug 44 is installed to the unfractured part of the wellbore, and the ball 52 is sealed.

[0072] Eleventh step, the perforating gun 40 is extended into the wellbore casing 2 to the designated position again, and the second perforating operation is performed.

[0073] Twelfth step, the ninth, tenth and eleventh steps are repeated until the fracturing of all fracturing sections is completed.

[0074] Thirteenth step, the stress is unloaded, and the model is taken out to be analyzed and described.

[0075] Fourteenth step, the test data are sorted and analyzed, and then the fault 4 activation, induced earthquake and wellbore casing damage analysis and research are carried out.

[0076] The above technical features constitute the embodiments of the present application, which have strong adaptability and implementation effect, and unnecessary technical features can be added or reduced according to actual needs to meet the needs of different situations.

Claims

1. A test system for simulating fault activation and induced earthquake under the action of hydraulic fracturing of a horizontal well, characterized in that The horizontal well geological model includes a horizontal well geological model, a distributed optical fiber monitoring system, a perforating system, a fracturing system, a formation temperature simulation system and a stress exerting system, the horizontal well geological model contains a fault and can simulate the geological structure of the area where the horizontal well is located, the middle part of the right side of the horizontal well geological model is provided with a horizontal wellbore opening to the right, a wellbore casing is fixedly installed in the horizontal wellbore, the right end of the wellbore casing is located on the right side of the horizontal well geological model, the distributed optical fiber monitoring system capable of continuously and real-timely monitoring multiple physical fields is arranged between the wellbore casing and the horizontal wellbore and in the horizontal well geological model, the distributed optical fiber monitoring system is used for monitoring the pressure and temperature of the horizontal well geological model and the deformation of the wellbore casing in the whole process of hydraulic fracturing of the horizontal well, the perforating system capable of performing perforating operation before fracturing is arranged in the wellbore casing, the right end of the wellbore casing can be connected with the fracturing system after the perforating system is removed, the stress exerting system capable of exerting pressure on the horizontal well geological model in multiple directions is arranged outside the horizontal well geological model, and the formation temperature simulation system capable of keeping the horizontal well geological model at a predetermined temperature is arranged between the stress exerting system and the horizontal well geological model; The horizontal well geological model includes a left rock mass, a fault and a right rock mass, the left rock mass is in the shape of an inverted straight-angled ladder platform with the upper part being wide and the lower part being narrow, and the right side surface thereof is inclined from the lower left to the upper right, the right side of the left rock mass is provided with the right rock mass with the left side surface matching the shape of the right side surface of the left rock mass, the right rock mass is in the shape of a straight-angled ladder platform with the upper part being narrow and the lower part being wide, and the fault is arranged between the left rock mass and the right rock mass; The formation temperature simulation system includes a left upper loading pad, a left lower loading pad, a left front loading pad, a left rear loading pad, a left loading pad, a right upper loading pad, a right lower loading pad, a right front loading pad, a right rear loading pad, a right loading pad and a high-temperature pump, the left upper loading pad, the left lower loading pad, the left front loading pad, the left rear loading pad and the left loading pad are fixedly installed on the upper side, the lower side, the front side, the rear side and the left side of the left rock mass respectively, and the right end surfaces of the left front loading pad and the left rear loading pad match the shape of the right side surface of the left rock mass; the right upper loading pad, the right lower loading pad, the right front loading pad, the right rear loading pad and the right loading pad are fixedly installed on the upper side, the lower side, the front side, the rear side and the right side of the right rock mass respectively, and the left end surfaces of the right front loading pad and the right rear loading pad match the shape of the left side surface of the right rock mass. The stress applying system comprises a U-shaped counterforce frame, a front pressure loading device, a rear pressure loading device, an upper counterforce plate, an upper pressure loading device, a left counterforce supporting device, a right counterforce supporting device, a left counterforce plate, a right counterforce plate, a left pressure loading device and a right pressure loading device, the U-shaped counterforce frame is internally provided with a formation temperature simulation system and a horizontal well geology model, two front force holes penetrating in and out are arranged at the middle part of the front side of the U-shaped counterforce frame, the front pressure loading device is arranged in the two front force holes and can abut against the front side of the left front loading base plate and the front side of the right front loading base plate at the rear end, respectively, the rear side of the U-shaped counterforce frame corresponding to the positions of the two front force holes is provided with two rear force holes penetrating in and out, the rear pressure loading device is arranged in the two rear force holes and can abut against the rear side of the left rear loading base plate and the rear side of the right rear loading base plate at the front end, respectively, the upper side of the U-shaped counterforce frame is detachably provided with the upper counterforce plate, two upper force holes penetrating up and down are arranged at the middle part of the upper counterforce plate, the upper pressure loading device is arranged in the two upper force holes and can abut against the upper side of the left upper loading base plate and the upper side of the right upper loading base plate at the lower end, respectively, the left counterforce supporting device capable of balancing the stress of the lower part of the left rock mass is arranged between the inner side of the lower end of the U-shaped counterforce frame and the lower side of the left lower loading base plate, the right counterforce supporting device capable of balancing the stress of the lower part of the right rock mass is arranged between the inner side of the lower end of the U-shaped counterforce frame and the lower side of the right lower loading base plate, the left counterforce plate and the right counterforce plate are detachably arranged at the left side and the right side of the U-shaped counterforce frame, respectively, the left force hole penetrating left and right is arranged at the middle part of the left counterforce plate, the left pressure loading device abutting against the middle part of the left loading base plate at the left side is arranged in the left force hole, the right force hole penetrating left and right is arranged on the right counterforce plate corresponding to the position of the left force hole, the right pressure loading device abutting against the middle part of the right loading base plate at the right side is arranged in the right force hole, the axial channel is arranged at the middle part of the right pressure loading device, and the right part of the wellbore casing is sleeved in the axial channel. The left counterforce supporting device comprises elastic extension parts and a top plate and a bottom plate arranged in up and down, the elastic extension parts capable of extending up and down are arranged between the corresponding positions of the four corners of the lower side of the top plate and the four corners of the upper side of the bottom plate and between the middle part of the lower side of the top plate and the middle part of the upper side of the bottom plate, the right counterforce supporting device has the same structure as the left counterforce supporting device, and the outer dimensions of the two are adapted to the outer dimensions of the left lower loading base plate and the right lower loading base plate, respectively.

2. The system for testing fault activation and induced seismicity under simulated hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells of claim 1, wherein The formation temperature simulation system further comprises a high-temperature pump, the lower side of the left upper loading base plate, the lower side of the right upper loading base plate and the left side of the right loading base plate are all provided with the optical fiber installation groove facilitating the laying of the distributed optical fiber monitoring system, the right loading base plate corresponding to the position of the horizontal wellbore is provided with the casing installation hole penetrating left and right, and the inner side of the casing installation hole is sleeved with the right part of the wellbore casing.

3. The system for testing the activation of faults and induced earthquakes under the action of hydraulic fracturing of simulated horizontal wells according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that Stress The application system further comprises a loading oil source, and the front pressure loading device, the rear pressure loading device, the upper pressure loading device, the left pressure loading device and the right pressure loading device are all loading oil cylinders, and all the loading oil cylinders are respectively provided with connecting flanges which can be detachably installed together with the U-shaped counterforce frame, the upper counterforce plate, the left counterforce plate and the right counterforce plate at corresponding positions through threaded fasteners, the middle part of the piston rod of the right loading oil cylinder is provided with a casing through hole for facilitating the casing to pass through, and all the loading oil cylinders are connected with the loading oil source through oil pipeline and control valves.

4. The system for testing fault activation and induced seismicity under simulated hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The distributed optical fiber monitoring system comprises casing monitoring distributed optical fibers, longitudinal distributed optical fiber groups, horizontal distributed optical fiber groups and an optical fiber signal collector, the casing monitoring distributed optical fibers are arranged in a horizontal well geological model corresponding to the positions between a well casing and a horizontal well casing, a plurality of longitudinal distributed optical fiber groups are arranged in the horizontal well geological model at intervals left and right, each longitudinal distributed optical fiber group comprises a plurality of longitudinal distributed optical fibers arranged at intervals front and back, a plurality of horizontal distributed optical fiber groups are arranged in the horizontal well geological model at intervals up and down, and each horizontal distributed optical fiber group comprises a plurality of horizontal distributed optical fibers arranged at intervals front and back; the casing monitoring distributed optical fibers, each longitudinal distributed optical fiber group and each horizontal distributed optical fiber group can be connected with the optical fiber signal collector.

5. The system for testing fault activation and induced seismicity under simulated hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells of claim 3, wherein The distributed optical fiber monitoring system comprises casing monitoring distributed optical fibers, longitudinal distributed optical fiber groups, horizontal distributed optical fiber groups and an optical fiber signal collector, the casing monitoring distributed optical fibers are arranged in a horizontal well geological model corresponding to the positions between a well casing and a horizontal well casing, a plurality of longitudinal distributed optical fiber groups are arranged in the horizontal well geological model at intervals left and right, each longitudinal distributed optical fiber group comprises a plurality of longitudinal distributed optical fibers arranged at intervals front and back, a plurality of horizontal distributed optical fiber groups are arranged in the horizontal well geological model at intervals up and down, and each horizontal distributed optical fiber group comprises a plurality of horizontal distributed optical fibers arranged at intervals front and back; the casing monitoring distributed optical fibers, each longitudinal distributed optical fiber group and each horizontal distributed optical fiber group can be connected with the optical fiber signal collector.

6. The system for testing the activation of faults and induced earthquakes under the action of hydraulic fracturing of simulated horizontal wells according to claim 1 or 2 or 5, characterized in that The perforating system comprises perforating guns and a perforating gun controller, the inside of the well casing is sleeved together with the left end to the right outer side of the perforating gun, and the right end of the perforating gun is connected together with the perforating gun controller; or / and, the fracturing system comprises a fracturing pipeline and a fracturing plunger pump, the right end of the well casing is sealingly installed together with the liquid outlet end of the fracturing pipeline, and the liquid inlet end of the fracturing pipeline is sealingly installed together with the liquid outlet of the fracturing plunger pump; or / and, further comprising a bridge plug for realizing staged fracturing, the bridge plug is shaped like a date and is provided with an axial flow channel in the middle part, the outer side of the middle part of the bridge plug is sleeved together with the inner wall of the well casing, a sealing ring is arranged between the outer side of the left end of the bridge plug and the inner wall of the well casing, and the inner side of the right part of the bridge plug is provided with a ball seat capable of realizing ball-drop fracturing.

7. The system for testing fault activation and induced seismicity under simulated hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells of claim 3, wherein The perforating system comprises a perforating gun and a perforating gun controller, the inside of a wellbore casing is sleeved with the left end to the right end of the perforating gun, and the right end of the perforating gun is connected with the perforating gun controller; or / and, the fracturing system comprises a fracturing pipeline and a fracturing plunger pump, the right end of the wellbore casing is sealingly installed with the liquid outlet end of the fracturing pipeline, and the liquid inlet end of the fracturing pipeline is sealingly installed with the liquid outlet of the fracturing plunger pump; or / and, further comprising a bridge plug for realizing staged fracturing, the bridge plug is shaped like a date and is provided with an axial flow channel in the middle part, the outside of the middle part of the bridge plug is sleeved with the inner wall of the wellbore casing, a sealing ring is arranged between the outside of the left end of the bridge plug and the inner wall of the wellbore casing, and the inside of the right part of the bridge plug is provided with a ball seat capable of realizing ball-drop fracturing.

8. The simulated hydraulic fracturing induced fault activation and earthquake test system of claim 1 or 2 or 5 or 7, wherein The control system capable of controlling the simulation process comprises a control console and a computer, at least one computer is arranged on the control console, and the computer is connected with the distributed optical fiber monitoring system, the perforating system, the fracturing system, the formation temperature simulation system and the stress applying system respectively.

9. The simulated fault activation and induced seismicity test system under hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells of claim 8, wherein The control system capable of controlling the simulation process comprises a control console and a computer, at least one computer is arranged on the control console, and the computer is connected with the distributed optical fiber monitoring system, the perforating system, the fracturing system, the formation temperature simulation system and the stress applying system respectively.

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