Experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of stratum and use method of experimental device

Abstract

The invention discloses an experimental device for simulating stratum elastic deformation and a using method thereof. The experimental device comprises a stratum simulation part, and the stratum simulation part is provided with a cover layer and a cushion layer; stratum simulation particles are arranged between the cover layer and the cushion layer; the contact surface of the cover layer and the stratum simulation particles is made of an elastic material; and the contact surface of the cushion layer and the stratum simulation particles is made of an elastic material. According to the method, the elastic deformation of the stratum during water injection is considered, a new technical means and method are provided for a displacement experiment, and the method has better correlation with a theoretical calculation result. The device is simple in structure and convenient to operate, stratums with different properties can be simulated only by replacing a rubber material, the cost is saved, and the experimental device can be recycled and is relatively convenient and more thorough to clean.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum production simulation, in particular to an experimental device for simulating stratum elastic deformation and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development of the oil industry and the need to solve complex oil engineering problems, fluid-solid coupling research has become increasingly important in the fields of oil drilling, mining, and development, and has been highly valued. In order to correctly predict the production process of oil and gas fields, accurately simulate the fluid flow process in the reservoir, and reveal the distribution law of the fluid, it is necessary to consider the coupling between the seepage of multiphase fluids caused by water injection and production, the change of stress state, and reservoir deformation. Indoor experimental models cannot completely simulate the state of the formation, but they can simulate the elastic effect of the formation to a certain extent.

[0003] The existing sand filling models include sand filling pipe filling models, glass plate filling plane models, etc. Most of these models have fillers in direct contact with the flat plate or pipe wall, and there is no buffering elastic material. Due to the limited indoor test conditions, the pressure and displacement cannot reach the size of on-site construction, and the elastic deformation generated during the real formation water injection cannot be simulated vividly. In addition, most of the existing models have only one inlet and one outlet, which are difficult to clean thoroughly. Therefore, for the existing devices, an experimental device that can simulate elastic deformation and can be deeply cleaned and recycled and its use method are needed.

[0004] Publication (Announcement) No.: CN112858113B, discloses a microscopic visualization experimental method for high-temperature and high-pressure gas-driven oil in deep oil reservoirs, comprising the following steps: installing a glass-etched model of a rock sample under actual reservoir conditions in a high-pressure sealing holder and evacuating the vacuum; injecting confining pressure fluid into the reservoir confining pressure annulus, and controlling the confining pressure through a confining pressure tracking pump; heating the confining pressure fluid in the reservoir confining pressure annulus through a high-temperature heating container; placing the glass-etched model under a microscope; respectively loading crude oil and displacement fluid medium into a heated constant-temperature piston container, adjusting the back pressure unit to the partial pressure of the formation simulation; and performing water and gas injection displacement experiments through a high-pressure injection pump and a gas booster system. The present invention can be used to simulate the oil, water and gas distribution state and fluid migration characteristics in micro-nano pore structures, quantitatively characterize the microscopic residual oil startup mechanism of high-temperature and high-pressure water drive, gas drive, and chemical drive, and has important guiding significance for the judgment of the distribution and size of oil and water saturation in the process of oilfield reservoir development.

[0005] This prior art simulates the topography in the stratum by etching glass, but glass is not elastic and cannot simulate the effect of the water layer squeezing the stratum during water injection.

[0006] Publication (Announcement) No.: CN116337719A, discloses a high-temperature and high-pressure large-model displacement experimental device that is easy to disassemble and assemble based on differential pressure sealing, mainly including a high-pressure cylinder, a cover layer, a flat plate model, an acoustic wave transmitting and receiving device, a high-pressure pipeline, a circulating heating system, etc. The flat plate model is sealed by a rubber differential pressure seal, and electrodes are embedded in the rubber. The acoustic wave transmitting device can transmit sound waves through the electrodes to pass through the rock plate, and finally received by the acoustic wave receiving device, and the oil and water distribution in the rock plate is analyzed by the acoustic wave time difference; the wires and signal lines of the acoustic wave transmitting and receiving device are connected to the outside through a high-pressure pipeline injected with low-temperature and high-pressure liquid; the cover layer is connected to a forklift, and the motor drives the bearing to freely rotate the flat plate model, and the forklift can make disassembly and assembly more convenient. The present invention makes the rock plate sealing effect better through differential pressure sealing, and the results obtained are accurate. The high-pressure pipeline protects the wires and signal lines from being damaged by the influence of high temperature and high pressure.

[0007] This existing technology detects the displacement of water layers and oil layers through sound waves, but cannot simulate the effect of the water layer squeezing the formation during water injection.

[0008] Publication (Announcement) No.: CN110887766B, discloses a fluid-solid coupling gas-water nonlinear seepage experimental device and method for tight gas layer exploitation, belonging to the technical field of oil and gas reservoir development. The device includes an injection pump, a first intermediate container, a second intermediate container, a medium circulation pump, a collection device, a post-processing device, a core holder, a scanning system, a rubber sleeve, a strain gauge, a current-pressure converter and a parallel core. When the device is used, first identify the geological structure of the tight gas reservoir, select a representative reservoir; scale the core to determine the order of the research layer; prepare the parallel core; assemble the core and experimental equipment; conduct parallel experiments and result analysis. The method can effectively measure the pressure of each layer of the parallel core through the strain gauge, and reflect the gas-water two-phase flow law of each layer of the tight gas reservoir in the parallel state, which has a very important guiding role in understanding the gas-water flow law and leading to the development of tight gas reservoirs.

[0009] This prior art simulates actual formation conditions by scaling and assembling the cores, but there is a problem of difficulty in cleaning after the experiment.

[0010] In summary, the technical solutions of the above-disclosed technologies, the technical problems to be solved, and the beneficial effects produced are all different from the present invention. Regarding more technical features, technical problems to be solved, and beneficial effects of the present invention, the above-disclosed technical documents do not provide any technical inspiration. Summary of the invention

[0011] In view of the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to design an experimental device for simulating the elastic deformation of the formation and a method of using the same. By customizing different types of rubber materials, the elastic deformation of the formation during water injection or displacement is amplified and simulated, and the fluid-solid coupling effect is taken into account. This is convenient for simulating the state of the real formation as much as possible in special experiments, such as pulsating displacement experiments, thereby overcoming the problem that the existing simulation devices do not consider the elasticity of the formation or consider it incompletely, and at the same time solving the problem of difficulty in cleaning after the experiment is completed.

[0012] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0013] An experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of formations, comprising a formation simulation part, wherein the formation simulation part is provided with a cap layer and a cushion layer; formation simulation particles are arranged between the cap layer and the cushion layer; elastic material is used for the contact surface between the cap layer and the formation simulation particles; and elastic material is used for the contact surface between the cushion layer and the formation simulation particles.

[0014] The device is also provided with a liquid inlet part and a liquid outlet part;

[0015] The formation simulation part is provided with two device inlets and outlets;

[0016] The two inlets and outlets of the device are connected to the liquid inlet part as the device inlet, and connected to the liquid outlet part as the device outlet.

[0017] The liquid inlet part comprises a liquid storage tank, a horizontal flow pump and a liquid inlet channel which are connected in sequence; a liquid inlet pressure gauge is arranged on the liquid inlet channel, and a liquid inlet pressure gauge control valve is arranged in front of the liquid inlet pressure gauge.

[0018] The liquid outlet part includes a liquid outlet channel and a liquid outlet barrel;

[0019] One end of the liquid outlet channel is connected to the device outlet, and the other end is arranged in the liquid outlet barrel. A liquid outlet pressure gauge is arranged on the liquid outlet channel, and a liquid outlet pressure gauge control valve is arranged in front of the liquid outlet pressure gauge.

[0020] There are two passages after the horizontal flow pump, namely a pulsation passage and a steady flow passage;

[0021] The pulsation channel is provided with a pulsation control valve and a solenoid valve;

[0022] The steady flow channel is provided with a steady flow control valve; the pulsation channel and the steady flow channel merge into the liquid inlet channel.

[0023] The liquid inlet pressure gauge is connected to the liquid outlet pressure gauge and the pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is connected to the computer, and the pressure sensor transmits the liquid inlet pressure and liquid outlet pressure data to the computer; a camera is arranged above the formation simulation part.

[0024] The stratum simulation part includes an upper cover layer, a middle cushion layer, and a bottom light box;

[0025] The cover layer is provided with a glass cover layer, a rubber cover layer, and a polyethylene film cover layer in order from top to bottom; the cushion layer is provided with a polyethylene film cushion layer, a rubber cushion layer, and a glass cushion layer in order from top to bottom;

[0026] Filling glass beads are arranged between the polyethylene film cover layer and the polyethylene film cushion layer, and the filling glass beads serve as formation simulation particles;

[0027] The filling glass beads are surrounded by sealing strips.

[0028] The bottom of the light box is provided with an LED lamp, the inner wall of the light box is provided with a reflective sheet, and the upper part of the light box is covered with light-transmitting paper.

[0029] The cover layer and the cushion layer are completely bonded with glass glue in turn; and the cover layer and the cushion layer are fixed with fastening bolts around them.

[0030] The inlet and outlet of the device penetrate the cover layer, connecting the layer simulation space in the sealing strip with the liquid inlet part and the liquid outlet part;

[0031] The cushion layer is provided with a cleaning channel, and the cleaning channel penetrates the cushion layer to connect the formation simulation space with the bottom of the cushion layer;

[0032] A one-way valve is arranged in the cleaning channel so that the liquid can only flow into the formation simulation space. The cleaning channel is provided with a cleaning port at the opening below the cushion layer.

[0033] At least two cleaning channels are provided.

[0034] The rubber cover layer and the rubber cushion layer are rubber layers, and the glass cushion layer and the glass cover layer are glass layers;

[0035] The rubber layer and the glass layer have the same size.

[0036] The filling glass beads are uneven in size and are filled in one or more layers;

[0037] The height of the sealing strip is between the diameters of the large glass beads and the small glass beads. When the device is assembled, part of the filled glass beads are in a clamped state.

[0038] The sealing strip is made of stainless steel and is covered with a silicone layer.

[0039] The rubber cover layer and the rubber cushion layer are made of the same material, both of which are transparent rubbers made of one or at least two of natural rubber, butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, and polysulfide rubber as raw materials.

[0040] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0041] A method for using an experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of a stratum comprises the following steps:

[0042] S1. Assemble the formation simulation part, inject crude oil into the formation simulation space, connect other parts, turn on the LED light, and turn on the camera.

[0043] S2, open the steady flow control valve, close the pulsation control valve, turn on the horizontal flow pump, the displacement fluid flows in steadily, and the pressure data is transmitted to the computer through the pressure sensor;

[0044] When the pulsation displacement phenomenon needs to be observed, the pulsation control valve is opened, the steady flow control valve is closed, the opening frequency of the solenoid valve is set, the horizontal flow pump is turned on, the displacement fluid flows in pulsatingly, and the pressure data is transmitted to the computer through the pressure sensor;

[0045] S3, recording the change process of the displacement front edge by means of a camera;

[0046] S4. The crude oil in the formation simulation part is squeezed out by the displacement fluid, and the displacement time and the output volume are recorded to complete the experiment;

[0047] S5. After the experiment is completed, cleaning is performed. First, the cleaning liquid enters the device from the inlet and flows out from the device outlet. Then, the device inlet and the device outlet are opened, and the cleaning liquid enters from the cleaning port and flows out from the device inlet and the device outlet. Finally, the device inlet is closed, the cleaning liquid is injected, the device inlet is opened, the device outlet is closed, and the cleaning liquid is injected to complete the cleaning.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] 1. The present invention takes into account the elastic deformation of the formation during water injection, provides new technical means and methods for displacement experiments, and has a better correlation with theoretical calculation results.

[0050] 2. The device of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to operate. It can simulate strata of different properties by simply replacing the rubber material, thus saving costs. The experimental device can be recycled and can be cleaned more conveniently and thoroughly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of formations according to the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 It is a top view of the formation simulation part of an experimental device for simulating formation elastic deformation of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 3 It is a disassembled diagram of the formation simulation part of an experimental device for simulating formation elastic deformation according to the present invention;

[0054] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing an example of the use of an experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of a stratum according to the present invention;

[0055] Figure 5 It is a rubber material table used in a rubber layer of an experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of a stratum according to the present invention;

[0056] In the figure: 1. liquid storage tank; 2. horizontal flow pump; 3. pulsation control valve; 4. solenoid valve; 5. liquid inlet pressure gauge; 51. liquid outlet pressure gauge; 6. steady flow control valve; 7. liquid inlet; 8. fastening bolts; 9. liquid inlet pressure gauge control valve; 91. liquid outlet pressure gauge control valve; 10. liquid outlet barrel; 11. glass cover layer; 12. polyethylene film cover layer; 13. light box; 14. cleaning port; 15. glass cushion layer; 16. filled glass beads; 17. one-way valve; 18. polyethylene film cushion layer; 19. LED lamp; 20. translucent paper; 21. rubber cushion layer; 22. sealing strip; 23. rubber cover layer; 24. cleaning channel; 25. device inlet and outlet; 101. liquid inlet part; 102. formation simulation part; 103. liquid outlet part; 104. computer; 105. pressure sensor; 106. camera. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0058] Embodiment 1:

[0059] See also Figures 1 to 4 The present invention provides an experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of formations and a method for using the same, comprising a liquid inlet part 101, a formation simulation part 102, and a liquid outlet part 103. The formation simulation part 102 is provided with two device inlets and outlets 25. The two device inlets and outlets 25 are connected to the liquid inlet part 101 as a device inlet, and connected to the liquid outlet part 103 as a device outlet.

[0060] The formation simulation part includes an upper cover layer, a middle cushion layer, and a bottom light box 13; filling glass beads 16 are arranged between the cover layer and the cushion layer, and the filling glass beads 16 serve as formation simulation particles;

[0061] The cover layer is sequentially provided with a glass cover layer 11, a rubber cover layer 23, and a polyethylene film cover layer 12 from top to bottom; the cushion layer is sequentially provided with a polyethylene film cushion layer 18, a rubber cushion layer 21, and a glass cushion layer 15 from top to bottom; the filling glass beads 16 are between the polyethylene film cover layer 12 and the polyethylene film cushion layer 18, and the filling glass beads 16 are sealed around with a sealing strip 22 to form a formation simulation space.

[0062] The cover layer and the cushion layer are completely bonded with glass glue in turn; and then the ground simulation part is fixed with fastening bolts 8 around it;

[0063] The device inlet and outlet 25 penetrates the cover layer, connecting the formation simulation space in the sealing strip 13 with the outside world;

[0064] The cushion layer is provided with a cleaning channel 24, which penetrates the cushion layer to connect the formation simulation space with the cushion layer below, and a one-way valve is provided in the cleaning channel 24 so that the liquid can only flow into the inner space of the sealing strip 13. The cleaning channel 24 is provided with a cleaning port 14 at the opening below the cushion layer for connecting with the cleaning pipeline. At least two cleaning channels are provided.

[0065] An LED lamp 19 is disposed at the bottom of the light box 13 .

[0066] After the experiment is completed, cleaning is performed, and the cleaning liquid enters from the device inlet and flows out from the device outlet; then the device inlet and device outlet are opened, and the cleaning liquid enters from the cleaning port 14 and flows out from the device inlet and device outlet. Finally, the device inlet is closed, and the above action is repeated. The device outlet is closed and the above action is repeated to complete the cleaning.

[0067] The liquid inlet part 101 includes a liquid storage tank 1, a horizontal flow pump 2, and a liquid inlet channel which are connected in sequence; a liquid inlet pressure gauge 5 is arranged on the liquid inlet channel, and a liquid inlet pressure gauge control valve 9 is arranged in front of the liquid inlet pressure gauge 5.

[0068] The liquid outlet part 103 includes a liquid outlet channel and a liquid outlet barrel 10, one end of the liquid outlet channel is connected to the device outlet, and the other end is arranged in the liquid outlet barrel 10, a liquid outlet pressure gauge 51 is arranged on the liquid outlet channel, and a liquid outlet pressure gauge control valve 91 is arranged in front of the liquid outlet pressure gauge 51.

[0069] Embodiment 2:

[0070] Based on Example 1 Figure 5There are two passages after the horizontal flow pump 2, namely, a pulsation channel and a steady flow channel; a pulsation control valve 3 and a solenoid valve 4 are arranged on the pulsation channel, and the solenoid valve can control the switching time, which can realize timed closing on the one hand, and pulsation injection on the other hand, simulating periodic water injection or pulsation water injection; a steady flow control valve 6 is arranged on the steady flow channel; the pulsation channel and the steady flow channel merge into the liquid inlet channel;

[0071] When special flow needs to be simulated, the steady flow control valve 6 is closed, the pulsation control valve 3 is opened, the switching frequency of the solenoid valve 4 is set, and when stable flow needs to be simulated, the pulsation control valve 3 is closed, and the steady flow control valve 6 is opened.

[0072] The size of the rubber layer (rubber cover layer 23, rubber cushion layer 21) of the formation simulation part 102 is consistent with that of the glass layer (glass cushion layer 15 and glass cover layer 11), and the rubber layer material uses rubbers with different elastic moduli to achieve simulation of different formations.

[0073] The filling glass beads 16 are uneven in size and can be filled with one layer or more layers. The average radius and the number of filling layers are selected according to requirements.

[0074] The height of the sealing strip 13 is between the diameters of the large glass beads and the small glass beads. When the device is assembled, part of the filled glass beads 16 are in a clamped state, and the deformation degree of the rubber layer is small.

[0075] The sealing strip 13 is made of stainless steel and is covered with a silicone layer for sealing.

[0076] The polyethylene plastic film between the rubber layer and the glass beads 16 can prevent the rubber from directly contacting the displacement fluid or crude oil and damaging the rubber structure.

[0077] The rubber layer material is preferably nitrile rubber, referred to as NBR, which is made by copolymerization of butadiene and acrylonitrile. The material has good oil resistance and aging resistance and can be used for a long time in air at 120°C or in oil at 150°C. In addition, it also has water resistance, air tightness and excellent bonding properties.

[0078] Choose different rubber materials according to different simulation environments. The types of rubber materials are as follows: Figure 5 As shown, the rubber cover layer and the rubber cushion layer are made of the same material, both of which are transparent rubber made of one or at least two of natural rubber, butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, and polysulfide rubber as raw materials.

[0079] It should be noted that the formula of rubber materials and auxiliary materials used to make transparent rubber belongs to the prior art, and those skilled in the art are clear about this.

[0080] The displacement of the advection pump 2 is determined according to the maximum pressure bearing capacity of the formation simulation part 102;

[0081] The glass layer of the formation simulation part 102 has an external dimension of 70 cm × 70 cm in length × width and a thickness of 5 cm. If other dimensions are designed, the designed side length to thickness ratio is 15: 1. The external dimension shall not be less than 20 cm to avoid large errors in model processing and experiments, and fail to achieve ideal experimental results.

[0082] The light box 13 is also provided with a reflective sheet, which is attached to the inner wall of the box. The upper part of the light box 13 is covered with a translucent paper 20, which is white, so as to realize the light supply without being too concentrated to cause poor quality of taking pictures or videos.

[0083] Embodiment 3:

[0084] See also Figure 1 and Figure 4 The liquid inlet pressure gauge 5 is connected to the liquid outlet pressure gauge 51 and the pressure sensor 105. The pressure sensor 105 is connected to the computer 104. The pressure sensor 105 transmits the liquid inlet pressure and liquid outlet pressure data to the computer 104. A camera 106 is arranged above the formation simulation part 102.

[0085] In combination with all the embodiments, the method for using the device comprises the following steps:

[0086] S1, assemble the formation simulation part, inject crude oil into the formation simulation space, connect other parts, turn on the LED light 19, and turn on the camera 106;

[0087] S2, open the steady flow control valve 6, close the pulsation control valve 3, turn on the horizontal flow pump 2, the displacement fluid flows in steadily, and the pressure data is transmitted to the computer 104 through the pressure sensor 105;

[0088] When it is necessary to observe the pulsation displacement, open the pulsation control valve 3, close the steady flow control valve 6, set the opening frequency of the electromagnetic valve 4, turn on the horizontal flow pump 2, the displacement fluid flows in pulsation, and the pressure data is transmitted to the computer through the pressure sensor;

[0089] S3, recording the change process of the displacement front edge by the camera 106;

[0090] S4, the crude oil in the formation simulation part 102 is squeezed out by the displacement fluid, and the displacement time and the liquid output are recorded to complete the experiment; during the displacement process, the displacement fluid squeezes the rubber layer, simulating the situation of liquid squeezing the formation in actual production;

[0091] S5. After the experiment is completed, cleaning is performed, and the cleaning liquid enters from the device inlet and flows out from the device outlet; then the device inlet and the device outlet are opened, and the cleaning liquid enters from the cleaning port 14 and flows out from the device inlet and the device outlet. Finally, the device inlet is closed, the cleaning liquid is injected, the device inlet is opened, the device outlet is closed, and the cleaning liquid is injected to complete the cleaning.

[0092] All components and connection methods of components not discussed in this application belong to the known technologies in this technical field and can be directly applied without further explanation.

[0093] In the present invention, the term "plurality" refers to two or more than two, unless otherwise clearly defined. The terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "connected" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0094] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as “upper”, “lower”, “left”, “right”, “front” and “back” are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or unit referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore, cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0095] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "specific embodiments", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0096] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of a stratum, characterized in that: It includes a formation simulation part, wherein the formation simulation part is provided with a cap layer and a cushion layer; Formation simulation particles are arranged between the cap layer and the cushion layer; The contact surface between the cap layer and the simulated stratum particles is made of elastic material; The contact surface between the cushion layer and the formation simulation particles is made of elastic material.

2. The experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of a stratum according to claim 1, characterized in that: A liquid inlet part and a liquid outlet part are also provided; The formation simulation part is provided with two device inlets and outlets; The two inlets and outlets of the device are connected to the liquid inlet part as the device inlet, and connected to the liquid outlet part as the device outlet.

3. The experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of a stratum according to claim 2, characterized in that: The liquid inlet part comprises a liquid storage tank, a horizontal flow pump and a liquid inlet channel which are connected in sequence; a liquid inlet pressure gauge is arranged on the liquid inlet channel, and a liquid inlet pressure gauge control valve is arranged in front of the liquid inlet pressure gauge.

4. The experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of a stratum according to claim 3, characterized in that: The liquid outlet part includes a liquid outlet channel and a liquid outlet barrel; One end of the liquid outlet channel is connected to the device outlet, and the other end is arranged in the liquid outlet barrel. A liquid outlet pressure gauge is arranged on the liquid outlet channel, and a liquid outlet pressure gauge control valve is arranged in front of the liquid outlet pressure gauge.

5. The experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of formation according to claim 4, characterized in that: There are two passages after the horizontal flow pump, namely a pulsation passage and a steady flow passage; The pulsation channel is provided with a pulsation control valve and a solenoid valve; The steady flow channel is provided with a steady flow control valve; The pulsation channel and the steady flow channel merge into the liquid inlet channel.

6. The experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of formations according to claim 5, characterized in that: The liquid inlet pressure gauge is connected to the liquid outlet pressure gauge and the pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is connected to the computer, and the pressure sensor transmits the liquid inlet pressure and liquid outlet pressure data to the computer; a camera is arranged above the formation simulation part.

7. The experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of a stratum according to claim 2, characterized in that: The stratum simulation part includes an upper cover layer, a middle cushion layer, and a bottom light box; The cover layer is provided with a glass cover layer, a rubber cover layer, and a polyethylene film cover layer in order from top to bottom; the cushion layer is provided with a polyethylene film cushion layer, a rubber cushion layer, and a glass cushion layer in order from top to bottom; Filling glass beads are arranged between the polyethylene film cover layer and the polyethylene film cushion layer, and the filling glass beads serve as formation simulation particles; The filling glass beads are surrounded by sealing strips.

8. The experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of formation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom of the light box is provided with an LED lamp, the inner wall of the light box is provided with a reflective sheet, and the upper part of the light box is covered with light-transmitting paper.

9. The experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cover layer and the cushion layer are completely bonded with glass glue in turn; and the cover layer and the cushion layer are fixed with fastening bolts around them.

10. The experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to claim 7, characterized in that: The inlet and outlet of the device penetrate the cover layer, connecting the layer simulation space in the sealing strip with the liquid inlet part and the liquid outlet part; The cushion layer is provided with a cleaning channel, and the cleaning channel penetrates the cushion layer to connect the formation simulation space with the bottom of the cushion layer; A one-way valve is arranged in the cleaning channel so that the liquid can only flow into the formation simulation space. The cleaning channel is provided with a cleaning port at the opening below the cushion layer.

11. The experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to claim 10, characterized in that: At least two cleaning channels are provided.

12. The experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of formation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rubber cover layer and the rubber cushion layer are rubber layers, and the glass cushion layer and the glass cover layer are glass layers; The rubber layer and the glass layer have the same size.

13. The experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to claim 7, characterized in that: The filling glass beads are uneven in size and are filled in one or more layers; The height of the sealing strip is between the diameters of the large glass beads and the small glass beads. When the device is assembled, part of the filled glass beads are in a clamped state.

14. The experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sealing strip is made of stainless steel and is covered with a silicone layer.

15. The experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of strata according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rubber cover layer and the rubber cushion layer are made of the same material, both of which are transparent rubbers made of one or at least two of natural rubber, butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, silicone rubber, fluororubber, and polysulfide rubber as raw materials.

16. A method for using an experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of a stratum, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Assemble the formation simulation part, inject crude oil into the formation simulation space, connect other parts, turn on the LED light, and turn on the camera; S2, open the steady flow control valve, close the pulsation control valve, turn on the horizontal flow pump, the displacement fluid flows in steadily, and the pressure data is transmitted to the computer through the pressure sensor; S3, recording the change process of the displacement front edge by means of a camera; S4. The crude oil in the formation simulation part is squeezed out by the displacement fluid, and the displacement time and the output volume are recorded to complete the experiment; S5. Clean after completing the experiment.

17. The method for using the experimental device for simulating elastic deformation of formations according to claim 16, characterized in that: The cleaning steps are as follows: first, the cleaning liquid enters from the device inlet and flows out from the device outlet; then, the device inlet and the device outlet are opened, the cleaning liquid enters from the cleaning port, flows out from the device inlet and the device outlet, and finally, the device inlet is closed, the cleaning liquid is injected, the device inlet is opened, the device outlet is closed, the cleaning liquid is injected, and the cleaning is completed; When it is necessary to observe the pulsation displacement phenomenon, open the pulsation control valve, close the steady flow control valve, set the opening frequency of the solenoid valve, turn on the horizontal flow pump, and the displacement fluid will flow in pulsatingly. The pressure data will be transmitted to the computer through the pressure sensor.

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