Blasting treatment method suitable for large complex water-filled goaf

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and provides a blasting treatment method suitable for a large complex water-filled goaf, which comprises the following steps: constructing a three-dimensional digital model of the water-filled goaf; according to the three-dimensional digital model of the water-filled goaf, drill holes are formed in a goaf roof, and a goaf model is detected and rechecked; drilling through holes in a goaf top plate for lifting hole backfilling; a gas spacer, a high-precision digital electronic detonator, a primer and an emulsion explosive are placed in the hole; and finally, blasting engineering software is used for blasting design and simulation, an optimal scheme is selected, hole-by-hole millisecond blasting is adopted, and blasting treatment is completed. According to the method, accurate detection of the large complex water-filled goaf is achieved, the problem that the water-filled goaf is difficult to construct is solved through simple blasting construction, it is ensured that the goaf roof blasting effect is good, goaf caving is complete, goaf potential safety hazards are eliminated, and good economic benefits are created.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and relates to blasting of a goaf, in particular to a blasting treatment method suitable for large and complex water-filled goafs. Background Art

[0002] The goaf of metal mines is generally hidden, especially in mines that adopt the caving method. The location of the goaf is often difficult to determine, personnel cannot enter, and it is difficult to grasp the orientation and size of the goaf. The existing goaf detection technologies in China mainly include drilling, geophysical exploration, 3D laser scanning, etc., and the goaf treatment mainly includes blasting caving, filling, isolation, etc. Among them, the blasting caving method for processing goaf is based on the stability of the goaf roof. The blasting caving method is based on the perforation of the upper part of the roof to blast and collapse the roof to fill the goaf, thereby solving the safety hazards caused by the goaf. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a blasting treatment method suitable for large and complex water-filled goaf areas, so as to complete safe, fast and high-quality blasting treatment in large and complex water-filled goaf areas and eliminate major safety hazards.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned purpose is A blasting treatment method suitable for large and complex water-filled goaf areas, comprising: S1. Construct a three-dimensional digital model of the water-filled goaf area; S2. Arrange drilling holes on the roof of the goaf according to the three-dimensional digital model of the water-filled goaf, and detect and verify the goaf model; S3, drilling holes through the roof of the goaf and backfilling them; S4. Place a gas spacer, a high-precision digital electronic detonator, a detonator and emulsion explosive in the hole; S5. Use Shotplus blasting engineering software to design and simulate blasting, select the best solution, and use hole-by-hole micro-difference initiation to complete the blasting process.

[0005] Furthermore, S1 specifically includes: S11. Drill holes through the roof of the water-filled goaf using a down-the-hole drill; S12, drilling a hole and lowering a sonar scanning device into the water to scan the underwater empty area; S13, placing a three-dimensional laser scanning device through the hole to scan the cavity that is not filled with water; S14. Integrate the underwater and above-water airspaces to construct a complete digital model of the airspace.

[0006] Furthermore, S2 specifically includes: S21. Design through holes at the turning points and characteristic points of the empty area to accurately detect and verify the empty area model; S22. According to the roof thickness and the minimum resistance line requirements for blasting, non-drilled holes of different depths are arranged radially based on the turning points and characteristic points of the empty area.

[0007] Furthermore, in S21, the contour range of the goaf is verified by drilling through holes, the goaf model is corrected, and the depth of the non-drilled holes in S22 is optimized according to the thickness of the goaf roof to ensure that there is a 3-4.5m solid body at the bottom of the non-drilled holes.

[0008] Furthermore, wire-bound woven bags were used in S3 to fill the slag hanging holes and backfill 3.5-4m.

[0009] Furthermore, in S4, an air spacer is placed at the upper part of the backfill section at the bottom of the hole, and then 0.3m of slag is backfilled. Finally, two digital electronic detonators and explosive devices are placed into the hole. The lower detonator is 1m away from the bottom of the hole, and the two detonators are 1-3m apart. The delay time of the upper detonator is set to be 50-80 milliseconds greater than that of the lower detonator. Emulsion explosives with greater blasting energy are loaded, and 4m of coarse-grained slag is densely backfilled on the top.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention can accurately detect large and complex water-filled goafs, and solve the construction difficulties in water-filled goafs through simple on-site blasting construction, ensure that the goaf roof blasting effect is good, the goaf collapses completely, eliminates safety hazards in the goaf, and realizes ore recovery within the goaf, creating good economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the backfilling structure of the through-hole in the present invention; Figure 2 It is a digital model of the water-filled goaf in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a drilling arrangement diagram within the contour range of the water-filled goaf in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a borehole in a water-filled goaf area in an embodiment of the present invention; In the figure, 1, top backfill section; 2, emulsion explosive; 3, upper detonator initiator; 4, lower detonator initiator; 5, middle backfill section; 6, air spacer; 7, bottom hanging hole backfill section; 8, contour range of goaf.

[0012] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention; A blasting treatment method suitable for large and complex water-filled goaf areas, comprising: S1. Use a down-the-hole drill to drill a hole through the top plate of the water-filled goaf. Place a sonar scanning device under the hole to scan the underwater goaf. Then place a three-dimensional laser scanning device through the hole to scan the cavity that is not filled with water. Finally, integrate the underwater and above-water goafs to construct a complete digital model of the goaf.

[0013] S2. Arrange drilling holes on the roof of the goaf according to the three-dimensional digital model of the water-filled goaf, design through holes at the turning points and characteristic points of the goaf to accurately detect and verify the goaf model. According to the thickness of the roof and the minimum resistance line of blasting, arrange non-penetrating holes of different depths based on the turning points and characteristic points of the goaf. Drill the holes that need to be drilled first, verify the contour range of the goaf through the through holes, correct the goaf model, and optimize the depth of the non-penetrating drilling holes according to the thickness of the roof of the goaf to ensure that there is a 3-4.5m solid non-penetrating at the bottom of the borehole.

[0014] S3. Use wire to tie woven bags to fill the slag hanging hole and backfill 3.5-4m after drilling.

[0015] S4, put the air spacer 6 on the upper part of the backfill section 7 at the bottom of the hole, then backfill 0.3m of slag in the middle backfill section 5, and finally put two digital electronic detonator detonators into the hole, namely the lower detonator detonator 4 and the upper detonator detonator 3. The lower detonator detonator 4 is about 1m away from the upper part of the middle backfill section 5, and the two detonator detonators are about 1-3m apart. The upper detonator detonator 3 is set to delay, and the detonation time of the upper detonator detonator 3 is greater than the detonation time of the lower detonator detonator 4 by 50-80 milliseconds. Emulsion explosive 2 with large blasting energy is loaded, and the top backfill section 1 is densely backfilled with 4m of coarse-grained slag. The hole structure is drilled through. Figure 1 As shown, this blasting method achieves the best treatment effect.

[0016] S5. Use Shotplus blasting engineering software to design and simulate blasting, select the best solution, and use hole-by-hole micro-difference initiation to complete the blasting process. Example

[0017] A large and complex water-filled goaf was discovered in an open-pit iron mine. Sonar and 3D laser scanning were used to verify the model. Figure 2 As shown, the goaf is 39.45m long, 31.15m wide, 9.50m high, 3803m³ in volume, 22424m³ in roof volume, and uses plum blossom-shaped hole arrangement. Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the hole network parameters in the goaf are 4m*3m, 113 holes are arranged in the goaf, 40 holes are drilled, and 73 holes are not drilled. The bottom of the through hole is backfilled with 3m, and then 0.2m is backfilled after the gas spacer is placed. After the high-precision digital electronic detonator and the detonator are lowered, the emulsion explosive is loaded, and finally 3m of slag is densely backfilled at the top of the drill hole.

[0018] Use shotplus blasting engineering software to design and simulate blasting, select the best solution, and adopt hole-by-hole micro-difference initiation.

[0019] After the explosion, drones were used to measure the terrain of the blasting area, and the volume balance principle was used to quantitatively analyze the blasting treatment effect of the goaf. The roof of the goaf collapsed completely, the cavity was completely filled, the material was moderately loose when excavating the blast pile, and there were fewer large pieces. The blasting treatment effect of the water-filled goaf was good.

[0020] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blasting treatment method suitable for large and complex water-filled goaf, characterized by: include: S1. Construct a three-dimensional digital model of the water-filled goaf area; S2. Arrange drilling holes on the roof of the goaf according to the three-dimensional digital model of the water-filled goaf, and detect and verify the goaf model; S3, drilling holes through the roof of the goaf and backfilling them; S4. Place a gas spacer, a high-precision digital electronic detonator, a detonator and emulsion explosive in the hole; S5. Use Shotplus blasting engineering software to design and simulate blasting, select the best solution, and use hole-by-hole micro-difference initiation to complete the blasting process.

2. A blasting treatment method suitable for large and complex water-filled goaf according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 specifically includes: S11. Drill holes through the roof of the water-filled goaf using a down-the-hole drill; S12, placing a sonar scanning device into the water below the hole to scan the underwater empty area; S13, placing a three-dimensional laser scanning device through the hole to scan the cavity that is not filled with water; S14. Integrate the underwater and above-water airspaces to construct a complete digital model of the airspace.

3. A blasting treatment method suitable for large and complex water-filled goaf according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 specifically includes: S21. Design through holes at the turning points and characteristic points of the empty area to accurately detect and verify the empty area model; S22. According to the roof thickness and the minimum resistance line requirements for blasting, non-drilled holes of different depths are arranged radially based on the turning points and characteristic points of the empty area.

4. A blasting treatment method suitable for large and complex water-filled goaf according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the S21, the contour range of the goaf is verified through a large through hole, the goaf model is corrected, and the depth of the non-drilled hole in S22 is optimized according to the thickness of the goaf roof to ensure that there is a 3-4.5m solid body at the bottom of the non-drilled hole.

5. The blasting treatment method applicable to large and complex water-filled goaf according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the S3, woven bags tied with iron wire are used to fill the slag hanging holes and backfill 3.5-4m.

6. The blasting treatment method applicable to large and complex water-filled goaf according to claim 1 is characterized by: In the S4, an air spacer is placed on the upper part of the backfill section at the bottom of the hole, and then 0.3m of slag is backfilled. Finally, two digital electronic detonators and blasting tools are placed in the hole. The lower detonator is 1m away from the bottom of the hole, and the two detonators are 1-3m apart. The delay time of the upper detonator is set to be 50-80 milliseconds greater than that of the lower detonator. Emulsion explosives with greater blasting energy are loaded, and 4m of coarse-grained slag is densely backfilled on the top.

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