A low-energy-consumption seawater micro-plastic sampler based on siphon head difference driving

Abstract

The application discloses a low-energy-consumption seawater micro-plastic sampler based on siphon potential difference driving, which comprises a sampling ship and a sampling device. A seawater collecting box and a seawater distillation and desalination device are arranged in the bottom cabin of the sampling ship. The seawater distillation and desalination device is connected with a water outlet pipe on the side wall of the seawater collecting box. The seawater collecting box is connected with the sampling device through a pipeline. The two ends of the pipeline are respectively connected with a water outlet of the sampling device and a water inlet pipe of the seawater collecting box. The horizontal height of the water outlet of the sampling device is higher than that of the water inlet pipe of the seawater collecting box. The filtered seawater is stored in the seawater collecting box and is converted into fresh water through the seawater distillation and desalination device, so that the water resource on the ship is supplemented, and the filtered seawater is prevented from flowing back to the sea area to dilute seawater and affect the sampling result. An air cavity and a water cavity below the air cavity are arranged in a floating body. A pumping and air-pumping dual-purpose pump is arranged in the air cavity. The water volume in the floating body is controlled through the pumping and air-pumping dual-purpose pump, so that the depth of the floating body in the water is changed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application relates to a collecting device, in particular to a low-energy-consumption seawater micro-plastic sampler based on siphon head difference driving. BACKGROUND

[0002] Micro-plastic refers to plastic with a particle size of less than 5 mm, which has attracted widespread attention from the international community as a new pollutant, is widely distributed, has great potential ecological environmental hazards, and is a global scientific research focus. Marine micro-plastic was first noticed by scholars, and the occurrence characteristics and pollution level of marine micro-plastic are important basis for global plastic pollution control.

[0003] At present, the global marine micro-plastic monitoring widely uses the surface trawl method to collect micro-plastic in large-volume filtered seawater to objectively reflect the micro-plastic pollution level. The mesh aperture of the trawl used internationally is usually about 330 um (the smaller the aperture, the more likely the mesh is blocked on the basis of large-volume filtered seawater), and the trawl usually needs to be towed by a ship. The micro-plastic sample collected by this method has the following shortcomings: 1. Large-volume filtration of seawater can objectively reflect the marine micro-plastic pollution level, but large-volume filtration is prone to blockage of the small-aperture mesh, and the 330 um aperture mesh is usually used, so that micro-plastic smaller than 330 um cannot be collected, and the collected sample cannot accurately reflect the objective pollution level of micro-plastic in the environment; 2. With the help of the towing force of the ship, the sampling usually needs the ship to travel a certain distance, and cannot realize in-situ sampling of micro-plastic, so the specific pollution point of micro-plastic cannot be accurately located. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application is based on the inventor's discovery and understanding of the following facts and problems:

[0005] Therefore, an embodiment of the present application proposes a low-energy-consumption seawater micro-plastic sampler based on siphon head difference driving, which comprises a sampling ship and a sampling device. The bottom cabin of the sampling ship is provided with a seawater collecting tank and a seawater distillation and desalination device. The seawater distillation and desalination device is connected with the water outlet pipe of the side wall of the seawater collecting tank. The seawater collecting tank is connected with the sampling device through a pipeline. One end of the pipeline is connected with the water outlet at the bottom of the sampling device, and the other end is connected with the water inlet pipe at the top of the seawater collecting tank. The horizontal height of the water outlet of the sampling device is higher than that of the water inlet pipe of the seawater collecting tank.

[0006] Further, the pipeline body extends out of the water surface from the water outlet at the bottom of the sampling device and extends upwards beyond the ship side into the ship and descends to the bottom cabin. A vacuum pump is arranged on the pipeline. A gate valve is arranged at the connection between the pipeline and the seawater collecting tank.

[0007] Further, the sampling device comprises a floating body and a sampling cylinder. The floating body is fixedly connected with the outer side wall of the water inlet at the top of the sampling cylinder.

[0008] Further, the inside of the sampling cylinder is sequentially provided from top to bottom with a threaded rib on the inner wall of the sampling cylinder tapered section, a filtering mechanism in the middle section of the sampling cylinder, and a flow meter in the end section of the sampling cylinder, the filtering mechanism comprising a first mesh screen, a second mesh screen and a third mesh screen provided from top to bottom, the pore size of the first mesh screen > the pore size of the second mesh screen > the pore size of the third mesh screen.

[0009] Further, the threaded rib is set to rotate counterclockwise when sampling in the northern hemisphere, and clockwise when sampling in the southern hemisphere.

[0010] Further, the outer wall of the sampling cylinder is provided with a plurality of high-pressure nozzles arranged in a circumferential array around the outer wall.

[0011] Further, the inside of the floating body is provided with an air cavity and a water cavity below the air cavity by a partition, a dual-purpose pump for pumping air is arranged in the air cavity, a water storage bag is arranged in the water cavity, one end of the air pipe of the dual-purpose pump is connected to the interlayer space of the water cavity and the water storage bag, and the other end is connected to the air cavity; the water inlet gate and the water outlet gate are arranged on the outer wall of the side of the floating body away from the sampling cylinder, and both are connected to the water storage bag.

[0012] Further, the seawater distillation desalination device comprises a heating device, a cooling pipe connected to the steam outlet of the heating device, and a fresh water tank at the outlet of the cooling pipe.

[0013] Further, the high-pressure nozzle is provided with at least three.

[0014] Further, the plurality of floating bodies are distributed in a circumferential array along the water inlet side of the sampling cylinder, and the floating bodies are provided with at least three.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0016] The present application provides a low-energy-consumption seawater micro-plastic sampler based on siphon head difference driving, a seawater collection tank and a seawater distillation desalination device are arranged in the bottom tank of the sampling ship, the seawater collection tank is connected to the sampling device through a pipeline, the filtered seawater is stored in the seawater collection tank, and is converted into fresh water by the seawater distillation desalination device, thereby supplementing the water resources on the ship and avoiding the filtered seawater flowing back to the sea to dilute the seawater and affect the sampling results; a threaded rib is arranged in the inside of the sampling cylinder, under the action of the threaded rib, the seawater adheres to the inner wall of the sampling cylinder and falls in a spiral shape, forming a stable and dense water flow, and the water flow speed is improved; the sampling device comprises a floating body and a sampling cylinder, the inside of the floating body is provided with an air cavity and a water cavity below the air cavity by a partition, a dual-purpose pump for pumping air is arranged in the air cavity, the floating body can control the water amount in the floating body by the dual-purpose pump, and the depth of the floating body in water is changed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1is a low-energy seawater micro-plastic sampler structure schematic diagram.

[0018] Figure 2 is a sampling device structure schematic diagram.

[0019] Figure 3 is a floating body structure schematic diagram.

[0020] Reference signs: 1, sampling ship, 11, ship side, 12, ship bottom cabin;

[0021] 2, sampling device, 21, sampling cylinder, 211, water inlet, 212, threaded rib, 213, filtering mechanism, 2131, first mesh, 2132, second mesh, 2133, third mesh, 214, flow meter, 215, water outlet, 216, high-pressure spray head, 22, floating body, 221, partition, 222, air cavity, 223, water cavity, 224, dual-purpose air pump, 225, water inlet gate, 226, water outlet gate, 227, water storage bag;

[0022] 3, seawater collection tank, 31, water inlet pipe, 32, water outlet pipe;

[0023] 4, seawater distillation desalination device, 41, heating device, 42, cooling pipe, 43, fresh water tank;

[0024] 5, pipeline, 51, vacuum pump, 52, gate valve; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present application, and cannot be understood as a limitation of the present application.

[0026] The present application provides a low-energy seawater micro-plastic sampler based on siphon head difference driving, comprising a sampling ship 1 and a sampling device 2, the ship bottom cabin 12 of the sampling ship 1 is provided with a seawater collection tank 3 and a seawater distillation desalination device 4, the seawater distillation desalination device 4 is connected with the water outlet pipe 32 of the sidewall of the seawater collection tank 3, the seawater collection tank 3 is connected with the sampling device 2 through a pipeline 5, one end of the pipeline 5 is connected with the water outlet 215 at the bottom of the sampling device 2, the other end is connected with the water inlet pipe 31 at the top of the seawater collection tank 3, and the horizontal height of the water outlet 215 of the sampling device 2 is higher than that of the water inlet pipe 31 of the seawater collection tank 3.

[0027] Reference signs: 1, sampling ship, 11, ship side, 12, ship bottom cabin; Figure 1The application discloses a low-energy-consumption seawater micro-plastic sampler based on siphon head difference driving, which comprises a sampling ship 1 and a sampling device 2. A seawater collecting tank 3 and a seawater distillation and desalination device 4 are arranged in a bottom cabin 12 of the sampling ship 1. The seawater distillation and desalination device 4 is connected with a water outlet pipe 32 arranged on a side wall of the seawater collecting tank 3. The seawater collecting tank 3 is connected with the sampling device 2 through a pipeline 5. One end of the pipeline 5 is connected with a water outlet 215 arranged at the bottom of the sampling device 2, and the other end of the pipeline 5 is connected with a water inlet pipe 32 arranged at the top of the seawater collecting tank 3. The horizontal height of the water outlet 215 of the sampling device 2 is higher than that of the water inlet pipe 32 of the seawater collecting tank 3. The pipeline 5 extends out of the water surface from the water outlet 215 arranged at the bottom of the sampling device 2 and extends upwards beyond the ship side 11 into the ship and then descends to the bottom cabin 12. A vacuum pump 51 is arranged on the pipeline 5. A gate valve 52 is arranged at the connection position of the pipeline 5 and the seawater collecting tank 3. The seawater distillation and desalination device 4 comprises a heating device 41, a cooling pipe 42 connected with a steam outlet of the heating device 41 and a fresh water tank 43 arranged at the outlet of the cooling pipe 42.

[0028] Referring to Figure 2 The sampling device 2 comprises a floating body 22 and a sampling cylinder 21. The floating body 22 is fixedly connected with the outer side wall of a water inlet 211 arranged at the top of the sampling cylinder 21. The inside of the sampling cylinder 21 is sequentially provided with a threaded rib 212 arranged on the inner side wall of a tapered section of the sampling cylinder 21, a filtering mechanism 213 arranged at the middle section of the sampling cylinder 21 and a flow meter 214 arranged at the end section of the sampling cylinder 21. The filtering mechanism 213 comprises a first mesh sieve 2131, a second mesh sieve 2132 and a third mesh sieve 2133 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The pore size of the first mesh sieve 2131 is larger than that of the second mesh sieve 2132, and the pore size of the second mesh sieve 2132 is larger than that of the third mesh sieve 2133. A plurality of high-pressure nozzles 216 are arranged on the outer wall of the sampling cylinder 21 in a circumferential array.

[0029] Preferably, when the device is used in the northern hemisphere, the threaded rib 212 is arranged in an anticlockwise rotation direction, and when the device is used in the southern hemisphere, the threaded rib 212 is arranged in a clockwise rotation direction.

[0030] In an embodiment, the pore size of the first mesh sieve 2131 is 330 nm, the pore size of the second mesh sieve 2132 is 200 nm, and the pore size of the third mesh sieve 2133 is 100 nm.

[0031] Preferably, the mesh sieve of the filtering mechanism 213 is a detachable mesh sieve. Different mesh sieves with different pore sizes can be replaced according to sampling requirements. The mesh sieve is made of metal or silk. More than three groups of mesh sieves can be assembled according to requirements. After sampling is completed, the mesh sieve can be taken down, the trapped sample can be collected, and subsequent laboratory analysis can be carried out.

[0032] Referring to Figure 3The air cavity 222 and the water cavity 223 located below the air cavity 222 are arranged in the float 22 by the partition 221, the air cavity 222 is provided with the air-water dual-purpose pump 224, the water cavity 223 is provided with the water storage bag 227, one end of the air pipe of the air-water dual-purpose pump 224 is communicated with the interlayer space of the water cavity 223 and the water storage bag 227, and the other end is communicated with the air cavity 222; the water inlet gate 225 and the water outlet gate 226 are arranged on the outer wall of the float 22 away from the sampling cylinder 21, and the water inlet gate 225 and the water outlet gate 226 are communicated with the water storage bag 227.

[0033] Preferably, the high-pressure nozzle 216 is arranged at least three.

[0034] Preferably, the plurality of floats 22 are arranged in a circumferential array along the water inlet 211 of the sampling cylinder 21, and the float 22 is arranged at least three.

[0035] The specific embodiment of the present application is that before sampling, the gate valve 52 is in a closed state, the vacuum pump 51 is started, the air in the pipeline 5 is extracted, the pipeline 5 is filled with seawater, then the vacuum pump 51 is closed and the gate valve 52 is opened, and the seawater flows into the seawater collecting tank 3. Because the horizontal height of the water outlet 211 of the sampling device 2 is higher than that of the water inlet pipe 31 of the seawater collecting tank 3, under the action of siphon, the seawater continuously flows into the seawater collecting tank 3 with low energy consumption; the volume of the filtered seawater can be directly observed in the seawater collecting tank 3, and the collected seawater is converted into fresh water under the treatment of the seawater distillation desalination device 4, and the water resource on the ship is supplemented; the filtered seawater flows into the seawater collecting tank 3, which also avoids the dilution of the seawater in the original sea area and the influence on the sampling result.

[0036] Preferably, the float 22 is a submarine type float, which can make the low-energy seawater micro-plastic sampler reach different depths of water under the action of water inlet and water outlet, and realize the collection of micro-plastic samples in different depths of seawater.

[0037] When the water storage bag 227 does not enter water, the float 22 floats on the sea surface; the air-water dual-purpose pump 224 is started to pump the gas from the water cavity 223 into the air cavity 222, and the water inlet gate 225 is opened, so that the water enters the water storage bag 227, the total weight of the float 22 is increased, and the float 22 sinks; when the float 22 reaches the ideal water depth, the water inlet gate 225 is closed, the air-water dual-purpose pump 224 is started to work reversely, the gas is pumped from the air cavity 222 into the water cavity 223, and the water outlet gate 226 is opened, so that part of the water is discharged to make the sampling device 2 stably suspended in water.

[0038] In the description of the application, it needs to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "circumferential" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the application.

[0039] In the present application, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" and the like mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, different embodiments or examples described in the specification and the features of different embodiments or examples can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.

[0040] Although the above embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application, and changes, modifications, replacements and variations of the above embodiments made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A low-energy-consumption seawater microplastic sampler based on siphon differential drive, comprising a sampling vessel and a sampling device, characterized in that, The bottom compartment of the sampling vessel is equipped with a seawater collection tank and a seawater distillation and desalination device. The seawater distillation and desalination device is connected to the outlet pipe on the side wall of the seawater collection tank. The seawater collection tank and the sampling device are connected by a pipe. One end of the pipe is connected to the outlet at the bottom of the sampling device, and the other end is connected to the inlet pipe at the top of the seawater collection tank. The horizontal height of the outlet of the sampling device is higher than the horizontal height of the inlet pipe of the seawater collection tank. The sampling device includes a float and a sampling tube. The float is fixed to the outer wall of the inlet at the top of the sampling tube. The pipeline extends from the outlet at the bottom of the sampling device to the sea level and extends upward over the ship's side, enters the ship and descends to the bottom compartment. A vacuum pump is installed on the pipeline, and a gate valve is installed at the connection between the pipeline and the seawater collection tank. The sampling tube is arranged from top to bottom as follows: a threaded rib on the inner wall of the tapered section of the sampling tube, a filter mechanism in the middle section of the sampling tube, and a flow meter at the end of the sampling tube. The filter mechanism includes a first screen, a second screen, and a third screen arranged from top to bottom, with the aperture of the first screen being greater than that of the second screen and the aperture of the third screen being greater than that of the third screen. The outer wall of the sampling tube is provided with several high-pressure nozzles arranged in a circumferential array around the outer wall; The float is equipped with an air cavity and a water cavity located below the air cavity through a partition. A pump for both pumping and discharging air is installed in the air cavity, and a water storage bag is installed in the water cavity. One end of the air pipe of the pump for both pumping and discharging air is connected to the interlayer space between the water cavity and the water storage bag, and the other end is connected to the air cavity. The water inlet gate and the water outlet gate are located on the outer wall of the float on the side away from the sampling tube, and both the water inlet gate and the water outlet gate are connected to the water storage bag. The threaded ribs are set to rotate counterclockwise when sampling in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise when sampling in the Southern Hemisphere. The seawater distillation and desalination device includes a heating device, a cooling pipe connected to the steam outlet of the heating device, and a freshwater tank located at the outlet of the cooling pipe.

2. The low-energy seawater microplastic sampler based on siphon potential difference driven according to claim 1, characterized in that, At least three high-pressure nozzles are provided.

3. The low-energy seawater microplastic sampler based on siphon potential difference driven according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floats are arranged in a circumferential array around the inlet of the sampling tube, with at least three floats provided.

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