Lightweight full-automatic rain and snow amount evaporation observation system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of meteorological observation, and discloses a lightweight full-automatic rain and snow quantity evaporation observation system which comprises a rain and snow quantity meter and an evaporimeter which are arranged on a bracket, and further comprises two groups of liquid adding mechanisms, two groups of liquid discharging mechanisms and a detection control unit, wherein one group of liquid adding mechanism is used for supplementing and adding anti-freezing liquid into the rain and snow meter, the other group of liquid adding mechanism is used for supplementing and adding water into the evaporimeter, and each group of liquid adding mechanism comprises a liquid storage barrel, a water pump and a liquid supplementing pipe; the two groups of liquid discharging mechanisms are respectively used for discharging liquid in the rain and snow meter and the evaporimeter, and each group of liquid discharging mechanism comprises a liquid discharging pipe and an electromagnetic control valve; the detection control unit is used for detecting the liquid level height change conditions in the rain and snow meter and the evaporimeter and controlling the liquid adding mechanism and the liquid discharging mechanism to work automatically according to the detected liquid level height change conditions. The problems that liquid cannot be automatically supplemented and discharged and frequent manual maintenance is needed in existing rain and snow amount and water surface evaporation observation are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of meteorological observation, in particular to a lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system. Background Art

[0002] Routine meteorological observation items usually include temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, atmospheric radiation, precipitation (rain and snow), water surface evaporation, ice and snow sublimation, etc. The observation of these meteorological variables can be converted into electrical signals by sensors such as temperature, humidity, pulse, light, and switch quantity signals for easy processing and recording by data collectors. Among them, sensors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and radiation can operate for a long time without maintenance, while observations of precipitation and water surface evaporation must be regularly maintained manually, which is the most difficult and has the most data missing observation items in meteorological observations.

[0003] The current electronic precipitation observation equipment can be divided into two categories, one is the tipping bucket rain gauge, and the other is the weighing rain and snow gauge. The weighing rain and snow gauge places the rain bucket on a bracket or force-bearing platform connected to a tension / pressure sensor. Rainfall or snowfall enters the internal rain bucket through a 20cm diameter cover, and the pressure change of the sensor can be converted into a change in precipitation height. Based on the weighing principle, the rain gauge can effectively measure snowfall. Generally, about 3mm thick viscous engine oil needs to be added to the rain bucket to inhibit evaporation of the water surface and promote snow melting. At the same time, a small amount of high-concentration antifreeze or other antifreeze agents need to be added to the rain bucket to promote the melting of snow while preventing the water in the rain bucket from freezing and damaging the rain bucket. The capacity of the rain bucket of a weighing rain and snow gauge is generally 600mm-1000mm in terms of precipitation. Before the rain bucket is full, it must be drained manually and the engine oil and antifreeze must be refilled. This means that in humid areas, maintenance should be done at least once a year. In mountainous areas with heavy precipitation and difficult transportation, regular rain gauge maintenance increases the maintenance burden.

[0004] The observation of water surface evaporation is generally carried out by manual and electronic weighing. Manual measurement is to manually pour a certain amount of water into a standard evaporating dish with a diameter of 20 cm, and measure the remaining amount in the evaporating dish at the same time the next day to obtain evaporation data. If there is precipitation on that day, the precipitation input needs to be deducted from the remaining amount. In order to prevent birds from drinking water from the evaporating dish, a bird-proof net is usually set up for the evaporating dish for manual measurement. The principle of the weighing measurement method is the same as that of the weighing rain gauge, the difference is that the water holding device is the evaporating dish. In order to ensure the measurement accuracy, the depth of the evaporating dish should not be too large, generally 10cm-15cm. Therefore, in actual measurements, if there is no timely maintenance, the evaporating dish often dries up or overflows due to continuous rainfall, resulting in invalid observations. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system to solve the problem that the existing rain and snow amount and water surface evaporation observation system dries up or overflows due to continuous rainfall, and frequently requires manual maintenance.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is: A lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system comprises a rain and snow meter and an evaporometer arranged on a bracket, and also comprises two groups of liquid adding mechanisms, two groups of liquid discharging mechanisms and a detection control unit; one group of liquid adding mechanisms is used to add antifreeze to the rain and snow meter, and the other group of liquid adding mechanisms is used to add water to the evaporometer, each group of the liquid adding mechanisms comprises a liquid storage barrel, a water pump and a liquid replenishing pipe, the water pump is arranged in the liquid storage barrel, one end of the liquid replenishing pipe is connected to the output end of the water pump, and the other end of the liquid replenishing pipe is arranged above the rain and snow meter or the evaporometer; the two liquid adding mechanisms are used to add antifreeze to the rain and snow meter, and the other group of liquid adding mechanisms is used to add water to the evaporometer, and each group of the liquid adding mechanisms comprises a liquid storage barrel, a water pump and a liquid replenishing pipe, the water pump is arranged in the liquid storage barrel, one end of the liquid replenishing pipe is connected to the output end of the water pump, and the other end of the liquid replenishing pipe is arranged above the rain and snow meter or the evaporometer; the two liquid replenishing mechanisms are used to add water to the rain and snow meter, and the two liquid replenishing mechanisms are used to add water to the evaporometer ... The groups of drainage mechanisms are used to discharge the liquid in the rain and snow meter and the evaporometer respectively, and each group of drainage mechanisms includes a drainage pipe and an electromagnetic control valve. The electromagnetic control valve is arranged on the drainage pipe, and one end of the drainage pipe is connected to the rain and snow meter or the evaporometer; the detection control unit includes a data collector, which is electrically connected to the rain and snow meter, the evaporometer, the water pump and the electromagnetic control valve respectively, and is used to detect the changes in the liquid level height in the rain and snow meter and the evaporometer, and control the liquid adding mechanism and the drainage mechanism to work automatically according to the detected changes in the liquid level height.

[0007] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the evaporometer includes an evaporating dish and a weighing assembly, the weighing assembly includes an evaporating dish mounting plate, an evaporating dish bracket and an evaporometer pressure sensor; the bottom of the evaporating dish mounting plate is fixed to the bracket; the evaporating dish bracket is arranged above the evaporating dish mounting plate, the evaporating dish is arranged on the evaporating dish bracket, one end of the liquid replenishing tube extends to the top of the evaporating dish, and one end of the liquid draining tube is connected to the bottom of the evaporating dish; the evaporometer pressure sensor is connected between the mounting plate and the evaporating dish bracket, and the evaporometer pressure sensor is electrically connected to the detection control unit.

[0008] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, bird-proof spikes are provided on the upper portion of the evaporating dish.

[0009] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the bracket includes a lower bracket assembly and an upper bracket assembly, the lower bracket assembly is used to be buried under the ground, the liquid storage barrel in each group of liquid adding mechanisms is arranged in the lower bracket assembly, and the rain and snow meter and evaporometer are arranged in the upper bracket assembly.

[0010] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the lower bracket assembly includes three buried rods, which are vertically evenly distributed and surrounded, and the lower end side walls of the three buried rods are connected together by a first connecting rod, and an installation space is formed between the three buried rods. The two sets of liquid storage barrels of the liquid adding mechanism are mounted and fixed in the installation space, and the upper ends of the three buried rods extend above the ground and are connected to the upper bracket assembly.

[0011] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the upper bracket assembly is a triangular bracket, including three support rods and three second connecting rods, the three second connecting rods are horizontally arranged, the middle parts of the three second connecting rods are respectively fixed to the upper ends of the three buried rods, one ends of the three second connecting rods are connected to each other, and the other ends of the three second connecting rods are fixed to the side walls of the three support rods, the rain and snow meter is arranged at the connection of the three second connecting rods, and the evaporometer is arranged on one of the support rods.

[0012] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, two wind shield net mounting rings arranged in parallel up and down are inserted between the three support rods, and an annular wind shield net is fixed between the two wind shield net mounting rings. The annular wind shield net is a circular hole mesh structure, which utilizes the turbulence generated by the airflow passing through the circular holes, and the turbulence after adjacent circular holes offsets each other to achieve the purpose of reducing the wind speed.

[0013] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, the upper edge of the annular windshield is higher than the top of the rain and snow gauge, and the height range is 10mm-20mm, the mesh diameter range of the annular windshield is 5mm-10mm, and the center distance between adjacent holes ranges from 12mm-25mm; the height of the windshield is greater than 40cm.

[0014] Preferably, as a further improvement of the present invention, a horizontal adjustment seat is installed at the bottom of each support rod, and the horizontal adjustment seat is used for horizontal adjustment of the bracket.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The data logger is set up to monitor the water volume in the rain and snow gauge and evaporometer in real time. If the maximum liquid level is reached, the solenoid valve is controlled to release water. If the minimum liquid level is reached, the water pump is controlled to replenish water. This realizes automatic control of the liquid level of the rain and snow gauge and evaporometer, achieving the purpose of automatic operation and maintenance-free of the observation system within several years. During manual maintenance, it is only necessary to add antifreeze to the antifreeze replenishing barrel and add clean water to the water replenishing barrel. The maintenance work is simple. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 The present invention is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system.

[0017] Figure 2 The exploded structure diagram of a lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system of the present invention is shown in FIG.

[0018] Figure 3 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a bracket in a lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system.

[0019] Figure 4 The present invention is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a liquid adding mechanism in a lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system.

[0020] Figure 5 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a rain and snow meter in a lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 6 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of an evaporimeter of a lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 7 The diagram is a working diagram of a lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The following is combined with Figure 1 To the attached Figure 7 , the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail. In the description of the invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0024] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features; in the description of the invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0025] Example like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the embodiment of the present invention provides a lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system, including a rain and snow meter 1 and an evaporometer 2 arranged on a bracket 10, and also includes two groups of liquid adding mechanisms, two groups of liquid discharging mechanisms and a detection control unit; one group of liquid adding mechanisms is used to add antifreeze to the rain and snow meter 1, and the other group of liquid adding mechanisms is used to add water to the evaporometer 2, each group of liquid adding mechanisms includes a liquid storage barrel, a water pump and a liquid replenishing pipe, the water pump is arranged in the liquid storage barrel, one end of the liquid replenishing pipe is connected to the output end of the water pump, and the other end of the liquid replenishing pipe is provided with the rain and snow meter 1 or the evaporometer 2 ; two sets of drainage mechanisms are used to discharge the liquid in the rain and snow meter 1 and the evaporometer 2 respectively, each set of drainage mechanisms includes a drainage pipe and an electromagnetic control valve, the electromagnetic control valve is arranged on the drainage pipe, one end of the drainage pipe is connected with the rain and snow meter 1 or the evaporometer 2; the detection control unit is a data collector 6, the data collector 6 is electrically connected with the rain and snow meter 1, the evaporometer 2, the water pump and the electromagnetic control valve, and is used to detect the change of the liquid level in the rain and snow meter 1 and the evaporometer 2, and control the liquid adding mechanism and the drainage mechanism to work automatically according to the detected change of the liquid level.

[0026] The rain and snow meter 1 includes a cover 11, a rain barrel 12, a rain barrel bracket 13, a rain and snow amount pressure sensor 14 and a rain and snow amount mounting plate 15; the bottom of the rain and snow amount mounting plate 15 is fixed to the bracket 10, the rain barrel bracket 13 is arranged above the rain and snow amount mounting plate 15, the rain and snow amount pressure sensor 14 is connected between the rain barrel bracket 13 and the rain and snow amount mounting plate 15, the rain and snow amount pressure sensor 14 is electrically connected to the data collector 6, the rain barrel 12 is arranged in the rain barrel bracket 13, one end of the cover 11 is fixed to the rain and snow amount mounting plate 15, and the cover is arranged on the outside of the rain barrel 12, one side of the rain barrel 12 is connected to the rain and snow amount water pipe 19, and the rain and snow amount pressure sensor 14 is electrically connected to the data collector 6. The upper end of the water pipe 19 is a curved section, and the curved section extends to the top of the rain barrel 12. The lower end of the rain and snow water pipe 19 is connected to the liquid replenishing pipe. The bottom of the rain barrel 12 is connected to a rain and snow drainage pipe 17. A rain and snow solenoid valve 16 is provided on the rain and snow drainage pipe 17. The rain and snow drainage pipe 17 serves as a drainage pipe in the drainage mechanism. The rain and snow solenoid valve 16 serves as an electromagnetic valve in the drainage mechanism. The rain and snow drainage pipe 17 extends through the rain and snow measuring pipe hole 18 on the rain and snow measuring mounting plate 15 to drain water. The diameter of the rain and snow measuring pipe hole 18 is more than 50% larger than the diameter of the rain and snow drainage pipe 17, ensuring that the rain and snow drainage pipe 17 has no contact with the rain and snow measuring mounting plate 15.

[0027] The evaporometer 2 includes an evaporating dish 21, an evaporating dish housing 22, an evaporating dish bracket 23, an evaporating dish pressure sensor 24 and an evaporating dish mounting plate 25; the bottom of the evaporating dish mounting plate 25 is fixed to the bracket 10, the evaporating dish bracket 23 is arranged above the evaporating dish mounting plate 25, the evaporating dish pressure sensor 24 is connected between the evaporating dish bracket 23 and the evaporating dish mounting plate 25, the evaporating dish pressure sensor 24 is electrically connected to the data acquisition device 6, the evaporating dish 21 is arranged in the evaporating dish bracket 23, one end of the evaporating dish housing 22 is fixed to the evaporating dish mounting plate 25, and the cover is arranged on the outside of the evaporating dish 21, the upper part of the evaporating dish 21 is provided with a bird-proof spike 26, and one side of the evaporating dish 21 is connected There is an evaporometer water supply pipe 30, the upper end of the evaporating dish water supply pipe 30 is a curved section, and the curved section extends above the evaporating dish 21, the lower end of the evaporating dish water supply pipe 30 is connected to the liquid replenishing pipe, the bottom of the rain barrel 12 is connected to the evaporating dish drain pipe 28, the evaporating dish solenoid valve 27 is provided on the evaporating dish drain pipe 28, the evaporating dish drain pipe 28 serves as a drain pipe in the drainage mechanism, the evaporating dish solenoid valve 27 serves as a solenoid valve in the drainage mechanism, the evaporating dish drain pipe 28 extends through the evaporator tube hole 29 on the evaporating dish mounting plate 25 to drain water, the diameter of the evaporator tube hole 29 is greater than the diameter of the evaporating dish drain pipe 28 by more than 50%, ensuring that the evaporating dish drain pipe 28 has no contact with the mounting plate 25.

[0028] The evaporometer in this embodiment is designed based on a standard evaporation dish, with a diameter of 200mm and a height of 100mm, while the existing weighing evaporator is designed based on a standard evaporation barrel, with a diameter of 618±2mm, a water barrel height of 600mm, and an overall height of 687mm; the deep barrel inhibits the promotion of evaporation by wind, which may cause the evaporation measurement value to be less than the actual water surface evaporation amount. In addition, the water surface environment in the shallow evaporation dish is closer to the actual open water surface environment, and the measurement accuracy is higher; secondly, the evaporometer is provided with bird-proof spikes 26, and the evaporation dish 21 is supported by the evaporation dish bracket 23, and the evaporation dish 21 can be directly lifted out from the top for cleaning and maintenance, which is very convenient, while in the existing weighing evaporator, the cylindrical water barrel is fixed on the weighing drag plate, and it is necessary to remove the outer shell and loosen the fixing nut before it can be taken out, which is inconvenient to clean.

[0029] The data collector 6 is a multi-channel paperless recorder with a control port.

[0030] In order to distinguish and describe the two groups of liquid adding mechanisms, one group of liquid adding mechanisms for adding antifreeze to the rain and snow meter 1 includes an antifreeze replenishing barrel 7, an antifreeze water pump 37 and a water pipe. The antifreeze replenishing barrel 7 is provided with an antifreeze water pump 37 which is connected to the rain and snow meter upper water pipe 19 through a water pipe. The other group of liquid adding mechanisms for adding water to the evaporometer 2 includes a water replenishing barrel 8, a micro water pump 38 and a water pipe. The water replenishing barrel 8 is provided with a micro water pump 38 which is connected to the evaporometer upper water pipe 30 through a water pipe.

[0031] Among them, the bracket 10 includes a lower bracket assembly and an upper bracket assembly, the lower bracket assembly is used to be buried under the ground, the liquid storage barrel in each group of liquid adding mechanisms is arranged in the lower bracket assembly, and the rain and snow meter 1 and the evaporometer 2 are arranged in the upper bracket assembly.

[0032] Specifically, the lower bracket assembly includes three buried rods 34, which are vertically evenly distributed and surrounded, and the lower end side walls of the three buried rods 34 are connected together by a first connecting rod. An installation space is formed between the three buried rods 34. The water replenishment barrel 8 and the antifreeze liquid replenishment barrel 7 are buried in the lower part of the buried rods 34 in sequence. On the one hand, it can prevent the water in the barrel from freezing in winter, and on the other hand, it can assist in fixing the bracket 10. The upper ends of the three buried rods 34 extend above the ground and are connected to the upper bracket assembly.

[0033] Specifically, the upper bracket assembly is a triangular bracket, including three support rods and three second connecting rods 33. The three second connecting rods 33 are arranged horizontally, and the middle parts of the three second connecting rods 33 are respectively fixed to the upper ends of the three buried rods 34. One ends of the three second connecting rods 33 are connected to each other, and the other ends of the three second connecting rods 33 are fixed to the side walls of the three support rods. The rain and snow meter 1 is arranged at the connection of the three second connecting rods 33, and the evaporation dish mounting plate 25 in the evaporometer 2 is arranged on one of the support rods. Among them, the triangular bracket is formed by multiple round tubes with a diameter of 30mm-40mm connected by a tee or an elbow, and the round tube is fixed on the tee and the elbow by a top screw or a screw, wherein the buried rod 34, the support rod and the second connecting rod 33 are fixed by a right-angle tee, and the three second connecting rods 33 are fixed by a Y-type tee. The upper part of the buried rod 34 is fixed to the second connecting rod 33 by a right-angle tee, and the lower part is fixed to the first connecting rod by an elbow. The three first connecting rods are fixedly connected by a Y-type tee. Therefore, the bracket can be completely disassembled into round tubes, tees and elbows, so that the bracket as a whole can be disassembled, the weight is greatly reduced, and it is convenient to transport and carry.

[0034] Furthermore, in order to achieve horizontal adjustment of the bracket 10, a horizontal adjustment seat 35 is installed at the bottom of each support rod for horizontal adjustment of the bracket 10. The horizontal adjustment seat 35 includes a screw and a flange. A threaded hole is provided at the bottom of the support rod. One end of the screw is threadedly connected to the threaded hole, and the other end of the screw is fixed to the flange. The leveling operation is performed by adjusting the height between the flange and the bottom of the vertical pole.

[0035] In another embodiment of the present invention, considering that the existing weighing rain and snow gauge is large in size, when the wind speed is high, an upward airflow component is easily formed on the windward side of the outer side of the rain and snow gauge, thereby reducing the capture rate of rain and snow and causing rain and snow observation errors. Therefore, a wind shield ring is usually configured synchronously to weaken the wind field below the rain receiving port. The current wind shield ring is usually composed of trapezoidal or rectangular wind shield plates arranged at intervals around the rain and snow gauge. There are problems of cumbersome installation and heavy weight. To solve the above problems, in this embodiment, two wind shield net mounting rings 36 arranged in parallel up and down are inserted between the three support rods, and an annular wind shield net 9 is fixed between the two wind shield net mounting rings 36. The annular wind shield net 9 is a circular hole mesh structure, which utilizes the turbulence generated after the airflow passes through the circular holes, and the turbulence after adjacent circular holes offsets each other to achieve the purpose of reducing the wind speed.

[0036] Among them, the upper edge of the annular windshield net 9 is higher than the top cover 11 of the rain and snow meter 1, and the height range is 10mm-20mm. The mesh diameter range of the annular windshield net 9 is 5mm-10mm, and the center distance between adjacent holes is 12mm-25mm; the height of the upper and lower edges of the windshield net 9 is greater than 40cm.

[0037] The size of the windproof mesh is determined based on the design of the windproof net in the wind and sand research, which comes from a large number of scientific experiments on the wind-weakening effect of windproof nets with different mesh sizes and spacing. The smaller the mesh and the larger the spacing, the stronger the wind-weakening effect, but the windproof net is more susceptible to damage due to the greater pressure difference resistance of the wind, and it is easy to form a strong upward or lateral airflow in front of the windproof net. These airflows can pass over the windproof net in the form of turbulence, so it cannot achieve a good purpose of wind and sand prevention. In addition, the weight increases and the material cost increases; if the mesh is too large, the airflow through the center of the mesh passes unimpeded, and the turbulence aroused by the airflow through the edge of the mesh is not enough to offset most of the horizontal airflow; when the mesh diameter is 5mm-10mm, the hole spacing is 12mm-25mm, and the upper and lower edge heights of the windproof net 9 are 40cm-60cm, it can achieve the optimal balance in terms of turbulence suppression, windproof net force, and windproof net weight.

[0038] In another embodiment of the present invention, in order to be able to detect wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, a wind speed and direction sensor 3 and a temperature and humidity sensor 4 are also included. In order to be able to use solar energy to power various electrical equipment, a solar power supply panel 5 and a solar controller are also provided. Two of the support poles are short vertical poles 31, and the other support pole is a long vertical pole 32. The evaporometer 2 and the wind speed and direction sensor 3 are respectively installed on the top of the two short vertical poles 31, the solar power supply panel 5 is installed on the top of the long vertical pole 32, the temperature and humidity sensor 4 is installed on the long vertical pole 32, and is at the same height as the wind speed and direction sensor 3. The data collector 6 is installed on any support pole, and the solar power supply panel 5 and the solar control are electrically connected to the data collector 6 respectively.

[0039] The overall use principle of the present invention is as follows: The installation site of the fully automatic rain and snow volume-evaporation observation system should be selected in a place with open terrain and relatively flat ground. A pit is dug on the ground to place the buried rod 34, the antifreeze replenishment barrel 7 and the water replenishment barrel 8. The depth of the pit should be no less than 1.5m in the north and mountainous areas to prevent the water in the water replenishment barrel 8 from freezing in winter. If the ground is hard and difficult to dig or reach the required depth, the buried rod 34 assembly can be placed horizontally on the ground without installing the antifreeze replenishment barrel 7 and the water replenishment barrel 8, but the outer side of the water replenishment barrel 8 should be insulated and antifreeze treated, and the replenishment water pipe and the drainage pipe need to be sleeved with rubber-plastic insulation pipe or silicate insulation pipe for antifreeze protection. After the bracket 10 is assembled, the rain and snow meter 1, evaporometer 2, wind speed and direction sensor 3, temperature and humidity sensor 4, solar power supply panel 5, data collector 6 and other system components are installed in sequence, and the sensor line and water pipe are connected. The height of the mouth of the rain and snow meter 1 from the ground is 1.0m-1.5m. The installation height of the evaporometer 2, wind speed and direction sensor 3 and temperature and humidity sensor 4 is 2m. There is no specific requirement for the installation height of the solar power panel 5 and the data collector 6, but it should not be less than 70cm to avoid being buried by snow. The solar power panel 5 should face due south and the installation angle should be the same as the local latitude. After adjusting the horizontal adjustment seat 35 to the level of the mouth of the rain barrel 12, backfill the pit to the same level as the ground. Add high-concentration antifreeze with a depth of not less than 30mm and automotive engine oil or gear oil with a thickness of not less than 3mm to the rain barrel 12 to inhibit water evaporation and promote snow melting; add 20-50mm of clean water to the evaporating dish 21 to evaporate it.

[0040] The following describes the working process of the fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system of the present invention by taking the maximum measuring range of the rain and snow meter 1 as 600 mm and the full depth of the evaporation dish 21 as 100 mm as an example: The data collector 6 scans and records the measured values ​​of each sensor every few seconds or minutes. If the measured value of the rain and snow meter 1 is greater than 580mm, the rain and snow solenoid valve 16 is opened through the control end to release water, and the measured value of the rain and snow meter 1 is scanned at short intervals. When the measured value of the rain and snow meter 1 is less than 20mm, the rain and snow solenoid valve 16 is closed to stop the water discharge to prevent the oil above the liquid surface from being discharged. At the same time, the antifreeze pump 37 is opened through the control end to replenish the antifreeze to the rain bucket 12, and the measured value of the rain and snow meter 1 is scanned at short intervals. When the measured value of the rain and snow meter 1 is greater than 50mm When the antifreeze pump 37 is turned off, the antifreeze pump 37 stops adding liquid; if the measured value of the evaporometer 2 is greater than 80mm due to continuous precipitation, the evaporation dish solenoid valve 27 is opened through the control end to release water, and the measured value of the evaporometer 2 is scanned at short intervals. When the measured value of the evaporometer 2 is less than 30mm, the evaporation dish solenoid valve 27 is closed to stop releasing water; if the measured value of the evaporometer 2 is less than 10mm due to evaporation loss, the micro water pump 38 is opened through the control end to replenish water, and the measured value of the evaporometer 2 is scanned at short intervals. When the measured value of the evaporometer 2 is greater than 50mm, the micro water pump 38 is turned off to stop replenishing water. The data collector should record each replenishment and water discharge operation and the time of occurrence for reference during data processing to ensure data continuity.

[0041] In summary, the present invention designs a brand-new rain and snow volume-evaporation observation system. The rain and snow volume and water surface evaporation observations all use pressure sensors to convert the weight changes of the receiving container into the rain and snow volume and the evaporation water surface height changes. The data collector monitors the water volume changes in the rain and snow meter and the evaporation dish in real time, realizes automatic water discharge and automatic water filling, and ensures that the rain and snow volume and water surface evaporation observations can be maintained maintenance-free for several years. The present invention solves the problem that the existing rain and snow volume and water surface evaporation observations require frequent manual maintenance. The tripod bracket improves the stability of the observation system, while increasing the installation space and layout flexibility of the sensor. The circular hole interference windproof net effectively reduces the observation error of the rain and snow volume. The observation system is disassembled as a whole, light in weight, and easy to install, which is very suitable for unattended meteorological observation activities in harsh environments.

[0042] The above disclosures are only several preferred specific embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any changes that can be conceived by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system, comprising a rain and snow meter (1) and an evaporometer (2) arranged on a bracket (10), characterized in that: Also includes: Two groups of liquid adding mechanisms, one group is used to add antifreeze to the rain and snow gauge (1), and the other group is used to add water to the evaporometer (2), each group of the liquid adding mechanisms comprises a liquid storage barrel, a water pump and a liquid replenishing pipe, the water pump is arranged in the liquid storage barrel, one end of the liquid replenishing pipe is connected to the output end of the water pump, and the other end of the liquid replenishing pipe is arranged above the rain and snow gauge (1) or the evaporometer (2); Two sets of liquid discharge mechanisms are used to discharge the liquid in the rain and snow gauge (1) and the evaporometer (2), respectively. Each set of liquid discharge mechanisms comprises a liquid discharge pipe and an electromagnetic control valve. The electromagnetic control valve is arranged on the liquid discharge pipe. One end of the liquid discharge pipe is connected to the rain and snow gauge (1) or the evaporometer (2). A detection control unit is electrically connected to the rain and snow meter (1), the evaporometer (2), the water pump and the electromagnetic control valve, and is used to detect changes in the liquid levels in the rain and snow meter (1) and the evaporometer (2), and to control the liquid adding mechanism and the liquid discharging mechanism to automatically operate according to the detected changes in the liquid levels.

2. The lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The evaporometer (2) comprises an evaporating dish (21) and a weighing component, wherein the weighing component comprises: An evaporating dish mounting plate (25), the bottom of which is fixed to the bracket (10); an evaporating dish support (23) disposed above the evaporating dish mounting plate (25), the evaporating dish (21) being disposed on the evaporating dish support (23), one end of the liquid replenishing pipe extending above the evaporating dish (21), and one end of the liquid draining pipe being in communication with the bottom of the evaporating dish (21); The evaporometer pressure sensor (24) is connected between the mounting plate (25) and the evaporation dish support (23), and the evaporometer pressure sensor (24) is electrically connected to the detection control unit.

3. The lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper part of the evaporating dish (21) is provided with bird-proof spikes (26).

4. The lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The support (10) comprises a lower support assembly and an upper support assembly, the lower support assembly is used to be buried under the ground, the liquid storage barrel in each group of liquid adding mechanisms is arranged in the lower support assembly, and the rain and snow meter (1) and the evaporometer (2) are arranged in the upper support assembly.

5. The lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The lower support assembly comprises three buried rods (34) which are evenly distributed vertically and arranged in a surrounding manner, and the lower end side walls of the three buried rods (34) are connected together by a first connecting rod, and an installation space is formed between the three buried rods (34). The two groups of liquid storage barrels of the liquid adding mechanism are mounted and fixed in the installation space, and the upper ends of the three buried rods (34) extend above the ground and are connected to the upper support assembly.

6. The lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The upper support assembly is a triangular support, comprising three support rods and three second connecting rods (33), the three second connecting rods (33) being arranged horizontally, the middle parts of the three second connecting rods (33) being respectively fixed to the upper ends of three buried rods (34), one ends of the three second connecting rods (33) being connected to each other, and the other ends of the three second connecting rods (33) being fixed to the side walls of the three support rods, the rain and snow gauge (1) being arranged at the connection of the three second connecting rods (33), and the evaporometer (2) being arranged on one of the support rods.

7. The lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: Two windshield net installation rings (36) arranged in parallel up and down are inserted between the three support rods, and an annular windshield net (9) is fixed between the two windshield net installation rings (36), wherein the annular windshield net (9) is a circular hole mesh structure.

8. The lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The upper edge of the annular windshield net (9) is higher than the top of the rain and snow gauge (1), and the height range is 10 mm-20 mm. The mesh diameter of the annular windshield net (9) ranges from 5 mm to 10 mm, the distance between the centers of adjacent holes ranges from 12 mm to 25 mm, and the height of the windshield net (9) is greater than 40 cm.

9. The lightweight fully automatic rain and snow evaporation observation system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: A horizontal adjustment seat (35) is installed at the bottom of each support rod, and the horizontal adjustment seat (35) is used for horizontal adjustment of the bracket (10).

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