An air conditioner response capability evaluation method and device for power grid frequency modulation demand

Abstract

The application discloses an air conditioner response capability evaluation method and device for power grid frequency modulation demand, obtains a single central air conditioner single power boundary and a single cumulative energy boundary based on a central air conditioner load thermodynamic model solution, and calculates power boundary parameters and energy boundary parameters of a central air conditioner resource cluster through obtained node air conditioner equipment data; constructs an initial response capability evaluation model based on power grid frequency modulation information, builds a constraint condition in the initial evaluation model through the power boundary parameters and the energy boundary parameters, obtains a response capability evaluation model, and solves the evaluation model to obtain a response capability evaluation result. The power boundary and the energy boundary of the central air conditioner resource cluster are taken as constraint conditions of the evaluation model, the accuracy and the practicability of the evaluation result output by the evaluation model are improved, and the central air conditioner scheduling efficiency and the scheduling strategy accuracy are improved when the central air conditioner participating in the frequency modulation demand is dispatched according to the evaluation result.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of central air conditioning response, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for evaluating the air conditioning response capability in response to power grid frequency regulation requirements. Background Technology

[0002] Renewable energy sources such as wind power, hydropower, and photovoltaics have received widespread attention due to their cleanliness and environmental friendliness, and countries around the world are vigorously promoting their development. However, the high proportion of renewable energy integration puts significant pressure on the safety and stability of the power grid. The volatility and intermittency of renewable energy increase the uncertainty of power system operation, posing a huge challenge to the grid's supply and demand balance. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the demand-side resource response capability. Central air conditioning, as a typical cold / heat storage load, has the characteristics of flexible control and large regulation potential, and is an important load resource for providing ancillary services such as grid frequency regulation.

[0003] However, existing technologies for scheduling air conditioners participating in frequency regulation lack assessment of their frequency regulation capacity, leading to significant errors in scheduling schemes. If the capacity assessment is too conservative, the operator's revenue will be low; conversely, if the capacity assessment is too aggressive, it may result in poor frequency regulation response during real-time operation, leading to market penalties. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a method and apparatus for evaluating the response capability of air conditioners in response to power grid frequency regulation requirements, aiming to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and achieve the technical effect of improving the scheduling efficiency of air conditioners participating in power grid frequency regulation by more accurately evaluating their frequency regulation capacity.

[0005] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for evaluating the response capability of air conditioners in response to power grid frequency regulation requirements, comprising the following steps:

[0006] The individual power boundary and cumulative energy boundary of a single central air conditioning unit are obtained by solving the load thermodynamic model of the central air conditioning unit.

[0007] The power boundary parameters and energy boundary parameters of the central air conditioning resource cluster are obtained and calculated based on the data of the node air conditioning equipment.

[0008] An initial response capability assessment model is constructed based on power grid frequency regulation information. The power boundary parameter and the energy boundary parameter are used as constraints to adjust the parameters of the initial response capability assessment model to obtain the response capability assessment model.

[0009] Solve the response capability assessment model to obtain and output the response capability assessment results of the corresponding central air conditioning unit.

[0010] The air conditioning response capability assessment method provided by this invention determines the power boundary and cumulative energy boundary of each individual central air conditioning unit based on the load thermodynamic model of the central air conditioning system. This determines the extreme values ​​of the power consumption and cumulative energy consumption of each individual central air conditioning unit. Furthermore, based on the power boundary and cumulative energy boundary of the individual central air conditioning units, the power boundary and energy boundary of the central air conditioning resource cluster are calculated and used as constraints for subsequent calculations of the central air conditioning response assessment model. Using the power boundary and energy boundary of the central air conditioning resource cluster as constraints improves the accuracy and practicality of the assessment model's output results. By solving the assessment model constructed based on grid frequency regulation information and using the power boundary and energy boundary of the central air conditioning resource cluster as model constraints, an accurate assessment of the response capability of central air conditioning units participating in grid frequency regulation can be achieved. Scheduling central air conditioning units participating in frequency regulation based on the assessment results improves the efficiency and accuracy of central air conditioning scheduling strategies.

[0011] As a preferred example, the load thermodynamic model based on central air conditioning is used to solve for the individual power boundary and the individual cumulative energy boundary of a single central air conditioning unit, including:

[0012] The system acquires and determines the local control command of the central air conditioning system based on the equipment parameters of the central air conditioning system, and classifies the central air conditioning system into controllable central air conditioning system and uncontrollable central air conditioning system based on the local control command.

[0013] Based on the load thermodynamic model, the controllable central air conditioner and the uncontrollable central air conditioner are solved together to obtain the individual power boundary and the individual cumulative energy boundary of the individual central air conditioner.

[0014] To improve the accuracy of the evaluation model, the evaluation method provided by this invention determines the local control command of the air conditioner based on the equipment parameters when calculating the individual power boundary and individual energy boundary of the central air conditioner. Then, based on the local control command, the air conditioner is divided into controllable central air conditioners and uncontrollable central air conditioners. The individual power boundary and individual energy boundary are calculated for the two different types of central air conditioners respectively, which improves the accuracy, practicality and reliability of the power boundary parameters and energy boundary parameters obtained on this basis.

[0015] As a preferred example, the ensemble solution for the controllable central air conditioner and the uncontrollable central air conditioner based on the load thermodynamic model includes:

[0016] The controllable power boundary of the controllable central air conditioner is determined according to the controllable instructions in the local control instructions;

[0017] The uncontrollable power boundary of the uncontrollable central air conditioner is determined according to the uncontrollable instruction in the local control instruction;

[0018] By merging the controllable power boundary and the uncontrollable power boundary, the single-unit power boundary of the single central air conditioner is obtained;

[0019] The unit power boundary and the local control command are calculated based on the load thermodynamic model to obtain the unit cumulative energy boundary.

[0020] When solving the power boundary conditions for controllable and uncontrollable central air conditioning systems, the power boundary conditions are first solved separately for each type of central air conditioning system using different local control commands. Specifically, the controllable central air conditioning system's power boundary is solved using the controllable commands within the local control commands, while the uncontrollable central air conditioning system's power boundary is solved using the uncontrollable commands. The obtained controllable and uncontrollable power boundaries are then combined to obtain a single-unit power boundary that meets the power requirements of both controllable and uncontrollable periods, further improving the accuracy and effectiveness of the power boundary parameters.

[0021] As a preferred example, the calculation of the unit power boundary and the local control command based on the load thermodynamic model includes:

[0022] The power boundary of the individual unit is calculated based on the temperature dead zone width of the local control command to obtain the first average power of the lower boundary of the temperature dead zone and the second average power of the upper boundary of the temperature dead zone.

[0023] Based on the load thermodynamic model, the first average power and the second average power are combined for calculation to obtain the cumulative energy boundary of the single unit.

[0024] After determining the individual power boundary of the central air conditioning unit, the evaluation method provided by this invention calculates the individual cumulative energy boundary of the central air conditioning unit based on the determined individual power boundary and the load thermodynamic model. By calculating the individual power boundary using the temperature dead zone width of the local control command, the first average power corresponding to the lower boundary of the temperature dead zone and the second average power corresponding to the upper boundary of the temperature dead zone can be obtained. By calculating the two average powers corresponding to the upper and lower boundaries of the temperature dead zone, the two extreme cases of cumulative energy consumption of the central air conditioning unit can be determined. Furthermore, by calculating the set of these two extreme cases of cumulative energy consumption of the central air conditioning unit, the upper and lower boundaries of the individual cumulative energy of the central air conditioning unit can be determined, i.e., the individual cumulative energy boundary, thus improving the accuracy and effectiveness of the energy boundary parameters.

[0025] As a preferred example, the initial response capability assessment model constructed based on power grid frequency regulation information includes:

[0026] The power grid frequency regulation information is analyzed to obtain the frequency regulation information set parameters and historical data of the frequency regulation mileage. Based on the historical data of the frequency regulation information set parameters and the historical data of the frequency regulation mileage, prediction is made to obtain the frequency regulation information prediction parameters and the frequency regulation mileage prediction parameters.

[0027] The objective function is determined based on the frequency modulation information prediction parameters and the frequency modulation mileage prediction parameters, and the initial response capability evaluation model is constructed based on the objective function.

[0028] When constructing the initial response capability assessment model, historical data of frequency regulation information set parameters and frequency regulation mileage, based on the frequency regulation information parsed from the power grid, are first used to predict the frequency regulation information prediction parameters and frequency regulation mileage prediction parameters. These are the predicted values ​​obtained by predicting the frequency regulation information set parameters and frequency regulation mileage for each scenario using a specific prediction method, along with the probability value of each scenario occurring. The frequency regulation information prediction parameters and frequency regulation mileage prediction parameters obtained through parameter prediction can then determine the objective function of the initial assessment model. Based on these parameters, the corresponding initial assessment model is constructed, serving as the foundational data for the response capability assessment model.

[0029] Accordingly, this invention also provides an air conditioning response capability assessment device for power grid frequency regulation requirements. The air conditioning response capability assessment device includes a boundary determination module, a parameter acquisition module, a model construction module, and a response assessment module; wherein:

[0030] The boundary determination module is used to solve the individual power boundary and the individual cumulative energy boundary of a single central air conditioning unit based on the load thermodynamic model of the central air conditioning unit.

[0031] The parameter acquisition module is used to calculate the power boundary parameters and energy boundary parameters of the central air conditioning resource cluster based on the data of the node air conditioning equipment.

[0032] The model building module is used to build an initial response capability assessment model based on power grid frequency regulation information, and to adjust the parameters of the initial response capability assessment model by using the power boundary parameters and the energy boundary parameters as constraints to obtain the response capability assessment model.

[0033] The response evaluation module is used to solve the response capability evaluation model and obtain and output the response capability evaluation results of the corresponding central air conditioner.

[0034] As a preferred example, the boundary determination module obtains the individual power boundary and the individual cumulative energy boundary of a single central air conditioning unit based on the load thermodynamic model of the central air conditioning system, including:

[0035] The system acquires and determines the local control command of the central air conditioning system based on the equipment parameters of the central air conditioning system, and classifies the central air conditioning system into controllable central air conditioning system and uncontrollable central air conditioning system based on the local control command.

[0036] Based on the load thermodynamic model, the controllable central air conditioner and the uncontrollable central air conditioner are solved together to obtain the individual power boundary and the individual cumulative energy boundary of the individual central air conditioner.

[0037] As a preferred example, the boundary determination module performs a ensemble solution for the controllable central air conditioner and the uncontrollable central air conditioner based on the load thermodynamic model, including:

[0038] The controllable power boundary and uncontrollable power boundary of the controllable central air conditioner and the uncontrollable central air conditioner are determined according to the local control command, and the controllable power boundary and the uncontrollable power boundary are merged to obtain the individual power boundary of the individual central air conditioner.

[0039] The unit power boundary and the local control command are calculated based on the load thermodynamic model to obtain the unit cumulative energy boundary.

[0040] As a preferred example, the boundary determination module calculates the unit power boundary and the local control command based on the load thermodynamic model, including:

[0041] The power boundary of the individual unit is calculated based on the temperature dead zone width of the local control command to obtain the first average power of the lower boundary of the temperature dead zone and the second average power of the upper boundary of the temperature dead zone.

[0042] Based on the load thermodynamic model, the first average power and the second average power are combined for calculation to obtain the cumulative energy boundary of the single unit.

[0043] As a preferred example, the model building module constructs an initial response capability assessment model based on power grid frequency regulation information, including:

[0044] The power grid frequency regulation information is analyzed to obtain frequency regulation information set parameters, frequency regulation mileage and scenario parameters. The frequency regulation information set parameters and the frequency regulation mileage are converted into formats using the scenario parameters to obtain frequency regulation information prediction parameters and frequency regulation mileage prediction parameters.

[0045] The objective function is determined based on the frequency modulation information prediction parameters and the frequency modulation mileage prediction parameters, and the initial response capability evaluation model is constructed based on the objective function. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1: A flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the air conditioning response capability assessment method for power grid frequency regulation requirements provided by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 : A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the air conditioning response capability assessment device for power grid frequency regulation requirements provided by the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 : A line graph illustrating an embodiment of the cumulative energy boundary of a single central air conditioning unit provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] Please refer to Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of the air conditioning response capability assessment method for power grid frequency regulation requirements provided by the present invention, including steps 101 to 104, each step as follows:

[0052] Step 101: Solve the load thermodynamic model of the central air conditioning system to obtain the power boundary and cumulative energy boundary of the individual central air conditioning unit.

[0053] Based on the load thermodynamic model of central air conditioning, the individual power boundary and cumulative energy boundary of a single central air conditioning unit are calculated, providing a data foundation for subsequent calculations of the power boundary and energy boundary parameters of central air conditioning resource clusters, ensuring the accuracy and effectiveness of the power boundary and energy boundary parameters. Simultaneously, by solving the load thermodynamic model of central air conditioning to obtain the individual power boundary and cumulative energy boundary of the central air conditioning unit, the limit values ​​of the response capability of a single central air conditioning unit are also confirmed.

[0054] For step 101, which involves solving for the power boundary and cumulative energy boundary of a central air conditioning unit, this embodiment also provides the following specific implementation steps:

[0055] Based on the load thermodynamic model of central air conditioning, the individual power boundary and cumulative energy boundary of a single central air conditioning unit are obtained, including:

[0056] The system acquires and determines the local control command of the central air conditioning system based on the equipment parameters of the central air conditioning system, and classifies the central air conditioning system into controllable central air conditioning system and uncontrollable central air conditioning system based on the local control command.

[0057] Based on the load thermodynamic model, the controllable central air conditioner and the uncontrollable central air conditioner are solved together to obtain the individual power boundary and the individual cumulative energy boundary of the individual central air conditioner.

[0058] To improve the accuracy of the evaluation model, the evaluation method provided by this invention determines the local control command of the air conditioner based on the equipment parameters when calculating the individual power boundary and individual energy boundary of the central air conditioner. Then, based on the local control command, the air conditioner is divided into controllable central air conditioners and uncontrollable central air conditioners. The individual power boundary and individual energy boundary are calculated for the two different types of central air conditioners respectively, which improves the accuracy, practicality and reliability of the power boundary parameters and energy boundary parameters obtained on this basis.

[0059] In this embodiment, the central air conditioning load thermodynamic model provided by the evaluation method is constructed based on the first-order thermal mechanics model of the central air conditioning system, and the expression of the first-order thermal mechanics model of the central air conditioning system is as follows:

[0060]

[0061] In the above expression, Let i be the internal temperature of the central air conditioning unit numbered i during the t-th time period (e.g., the temperature inside the room where the air conditioner is installed or the temperature inside the refrigerator). Let i be the control command for the central air conditioner numbered i in the t-th time period. When the control command is equal to 1, it means that the device is turned on and is cooling. When the control command is equal to 0, it means that the device is turned off and has stopped cooling. Let a be the external ambient temperature during the t-th time period; TCL,i It is a value equal to exp(-τ / R) TCL C TCL The parameters of ) are as follows. Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the temperature dead zone of the central air conditioning unit numbered i is defined as... in: In addition, the physical meanings of the remaining parameters are shown in the table below:

[0062]

[0063] In the above expression, the control command for the central air conditioning system refers to the local control command for the central air conditioning system. The main basis is the equipment temperature in the next time period. And the user-defined temperature control dead zone. The specific setting is based on: when the device's temperature in the next time period falls below the lower boundary of the temperature control dead zone. θ TCL,i If the temperature drops further, the central air conditioning system must be shut down to prevent further temperature drops and disruption to users' use of the equipment; conversely, if the temperature in the next time period exceeds the upper limit of the temperature control dead zone... If the temperature is too high, the central air conditioning system must be started to prevent the temperature from rising further. If the temperature of the equipment in the next period is still within the temperature control dead zone set by the user, it means that the ambient temperature of the equipment in the next period will remain good and there is no need to use the central air conditioning system for temperature control. Therefore, the local control maintains the current control command unchanged in order to avoid frequent start-stop of the central air conditioning system and unnecessary energy consumption of the central air conditioning system.

[0064] Furthermore, considering that frequent starting and stopping of the central air conditioning system may accelerate the wear and tear of its components, reducing the lifespan of equipment such as the compressor, and will inevitably exacerbate energy consumption, affecting the normal operating time, a minimum start-up and minimum shutdown time for the central air conditioning system is introduced into the load thermodynamic model to limit the system and minimize the negative impact of external control on it.

[0065] According to the local control commands of the central air conditioning system, central air conditioning units whose internal temperature is within the dead zone and whose operation is not subject to minimum start-up and minimum shutdown times are classified as controllable central air conditioning units. Conversely, if the internal temperature of a central air conditioning unit is outside the temperature dead zone, or if its on / off state is still subject to minimum start-up and minimum shutdown times, then the central air conditioning unit is classified as uncontrollable central air conditioning unit. To ensure that demand-side response does not affect the normal use of user equipment, the power demand of uncontrollable central air conditioning units must be met and they cannot be arbitrarily turned off or on remotely.

[0066] In this embodiment, for ease of distinction, the set of central air conditioners that were in operation during the previous time period is defined as the controllable central air conditioning system. Correspondingly, the set of central air conditioning units that were in a closed state during the previous period is defined as the controllable central air conditioning system. Similarly, a collection of uncontrollable central air conditioning systems can be divided into two subsets, the first subset being... This includes all uncontrollable central air conditioning units that must be turned on during the current time period, the second subset. This includes all uncontrollable central air conditioning units that must be shut down during the current time period. Central air conditioning units can be categorized into controllable and uncontrollable units based on their corresponding local control commands. Furthermore, controllable central air conditioning units can be further divided into two subsets based on their operating status in the previous time period. Uncontrollable central air conditioning units, on the other hand, are divided into two subsets based on their current operating status.

[0067] Furthermore, this embodiment performs a ensemble solution for the controllable central air conditioner and the uncontrollable central air conditioner based on the aforementioned load thermodynamic model, including:

[0068] The controllable power boundary of the controllable central air conditioner is determined according to the controllable instructions in the local control instructions;

[0069] The uncontrollable power boundary of the uncontrollable central air conditioner is determined according to the uncontrollable instruction in the local control instruction;

[0070] By merging the controllable power boundary and the uncontrollable power boundary, the single-unit power boundary of the single central air conditioner is obtained;

[0071] The unit power boundary and the local control command are calculated based on the load thermodynamic model to obtain the unit cumulative energy boundary.

[0072] When solving the power boundary conditions for controllable and uncontrollable central air conditioning systems, the power boundary conditions are first solved separately for each type of central air conditioning system using different local control commands. Specifically, the controllable central air conditioning system's power boundary is solved using the controllable commands within the local control commands, while the uncontrollable central air conditioning system's power boundary is solved using the uncontrollable commands. The obtained controllable and uncontrollable power boundaries are then combined to obtain a single-unit power boundary that meets the power requirements of both controllable and uncontrollable periods, further improving the accuracy and effectiveness of the power boundary parameters.

[0073] For different central air conditioning systems, this embodiment uses different control commands to solve for their power boundaries in order to further improve the accuracy of the obtained power boundaries.

[0074] When solving for the power boundary of a controllable central air conditioner, this embodiment preferably assumes that the controllable power of a single controllable central air conditioner can be within the interval [0, P]. TCL,i The controllable power boundary of the controllable central air conditioning system is continuously adjustable within the range [0, P]. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, when determining the controllable power boundary of the controllable central air conditioning system, based on the flexibility of subsequently calculating the power boundary parameters of the central air conditioning resource cluster, the controllable power boundary of the controllable central air conditioning system is determined to be within the interval [0, P]. TCL,iThe power output is continuously adjustable between [the specified values]. However, in actual scheduling and control of the controllable central air conditioning system, the on / off decision of the equipment will be determined based on the assigned power and the status of the controllable central air conditioning system to be scheduled.

[0075] The uncontrollable power boundary of an uncontrollable central air conditioning system is determined by its state, specifically including: for a subset The upper and lower limits of the power consumption of central air conditioning systems are both the rated power P. TCL,i For subsets The power consumption of the central air conditioning system in the system has both upper and lower limits of 0.

[0076] Based on the above calculations, the power boundary of a single central air conditioning unit can be determined, including both controllable and uncontrollable central air conditioning units, as shown in the following expression:

[0077]

[0078] Furthermore, this embodiment calculates the unit power boundary and the local control command based on the load thermodynamic model, including:

[0079] The power boundary of the individual unit is calculated based on the temperature dead zone width of the local control command to obtain the first average power of the lower boundary of the temperature dead zone and the second average power of the upper boundary of the temperature dead zone.

[0080] Based on the load thermodynamic model, the first average power and the second average power are combined for calculation to obtain the cumulative energy boundary of the single unit.

[0081] After determining the individual power boundary of the central air conditioning unit, the evaluation method provided by this invention calculates the individual cumulative energy boundary of the central air conditioning unit based on the determined individual power boundary and the load thermodynamic model. By calculating the individual power boundary using the temperature dead zone width of the local control command, the first average power corresponding to the lower boundary of the temperature dead zone and the second average power corresponding to the upper boundary of the temperature dead zone can be obtained. By calculating the two average powers corresponding to the upper and lower boundaries of the temperature dead zone, the two extreme cases of cumulative energy consumption of the central air conditioning unit can be determined. Furthermore, by calculating the set of these two extreme cases of cumulative energy consumption of the central air conditioning unit, the upper and lower boundaries of the individual cumulative energy of the central air conditioning unit can be determined, i.e., the individual cumulative energy boundary, thus improving the accuracy and effectiveness of the energy boundary parameters.

[0082] After determining the power boundary of a single central air conditioning unit in this embodiment, the cumulative energy boundary of the single central air conditioning unit can be determined. That is, the upper and lower limits of the cumulative energy of the single unit will correspond to the two extreme cases of power consumption of the central air conditioning unit. See details. Figure 3 , Figure 3A line graph illustrating one embodiment of the cumulative energy boundary of a single-unit central air conditioning system provided by the present invention.

[0083] like Figure 3 As shown, since the central air conditioning system may still be constrained by the minimum start-up and shutdown time at the current moment, the trajectory of its fastest power consumption when the central air conditioning system becomes a controllable central air conditioning system, that is, the broken line trajectory of the initial temperature change inside the air conditioning equipment corresponding to the first extreme case of the central air conditioning system, is as follows: Figure 3 The control decision corresponding to the broken line trajectory ABC shown is as follows: first, start the cooling until the equipment temperature reaches the lower limit of the temperature dead zone, and then continuously start and stop the central air conditioning to maintain the equipment temperature of the central air conditioning at the lower limit of the temperature dead zone set by the user.

[0084] Figure 3 The formation of the broken line trajectory ABC shown is specifically due to the following reasons: As the temperature difference between the interior and exterior of the central air conditioning system increases, the heat exchange between the interior and exterior environments accelerates, leading to an increase in the average power consumption of the central air conditioning system. Furthermore, due to the minimum on / off time limitation of the central air conditioning system, Figure 3 On the trajectory ABC shown, the on / off state of the central air conditioning will be as follows: The duty cycle continuously cycles through start-up and shutdown within the lower boundary of the temperature dead zone. Among these, Figure 3 The t1 shown is defined as the shutdown time in each cycle.

[0085] Therefore, based on the above control decisions, the average power consumption of the central air conditioning system when it reaches the lower limit of the temperature dead zone can be approximately calculated as follows:

[0086]

[0087] In the above expression, This is the minimum start-up time for the central air conditioning unit numbered i.

[0088] Similarly, another extreme case of central air conditioning can be determined, namely the case where the central air conditioning consumes the least amount of electricity. The corresponding initial temperature change trajectory inside the air conditioning unit is shown in the figure below. Figure 3 The broken line trajectory ABD shown represents the control decision corresponding to this trajectory: first, cooling is stopped until the equipment temperature reaches the upper limit of the temperature dead zone; then, the central air conditioning unit temperature is maintained at the upper limit of the user-set temperature dead zone by continuously starting and stopping the central air conditioning unit. Figure 3 The t2 shown is defined as the shutdown time in each cycle.

[0089] Therefore, based on the above control decisions, the average power consumption of the central air conditioning system when it reaches the upper limit of the temperature dead zone can be approximately calculated as follows:

[0090]

[0091] Based on the above calculations, the average power consumption of the central air conditioning system at the upper and lower boundaries of the temperature dead zone is calculated, and its cumulative sum over time is obtained. This allows us to determine the cumulative power consumption of the central air conditioning system at the end of the period. In this embodiment, B(t0) represents the set of all time periods before time period t0, and τ represents the length of the time period. The corresponding expression for the cumulative energy boundary of a single unit is shown below:

[0092]

[0093] Step 102: Obtain and calculate the power boundary parameters and energy boundary parameters of the central air conditioning resource cluster based on the node air conditioning equipment data.

[0094] After determining the individual power boundary and the individual cumulative energy boundary of the central air conditioning unit, the above two can be accumulated by obtaining the number of central air conditioning units in the central air conditioning cluster to be evaluated, so as to obtain the overall power boundary and cumulative energy boundary of the central air conditioning resource cluster to be evaluated, that is, the power boundary parameters and energy boundary parameters, which are used as the constraints of the response capability assessment model for output.

[0095] In this embodiment, based on the acquired node air conditioning equipment data, i.e., the total number of central air conditioning devices connected to the node to be evaluated, the power boundary and cumulative energy boundary of a single central air conditioning device are summed to obtain the power boundary parameters and energy boundary parameters of the central air conditioning resource cluster. The specific expressions are as follows:

[0096]

[0097] Step 103: Construct an initial response capability assessment model based on the power grid frequency regulation information, and adjust the parameters of the initial response capability assessment model by using the power boundary parameters and the energy boundary parameters as constraints to obtain the response capability assessment model.

[0098] After determining the power boundary parameters and energy boundary parameters of the central air conditioning resource cluster, an initial response capability assessment model for the central air conditioning will be constructed based on the power grid frequency regulation information. The determined power boundary parameters and energy boundary parameters will be used as constraints to adjust the parameters of the constructed initial response capability assessment model, resulting in a response capability assessment model constructed for the power grid frequency regulation requirements.

[0099] For step 103, which involves constructing an initial response capability assessment model based on power grid frequency regulation information, this embodiment also provides the following specific implementation steps:

[0100] This embodiment constructs an initial response capability assessment model based on power grid frequency regulation information, including:

[0101] The power grid frequency regulation information is analyzed to obtain the frequency regulation information set parameters and historical data of the frequency regulation mileage. Based on the historical data of the frequency regulation information set parameters and the historical data of the frequency regulation mileage, prediction is made to obtain the frequency regulation information prediction parameters and the frequency regulation mileage prediction parameters.

[0102] The objective function is determined based on the frequency modulation information prediction parameters and the frequency modulation mileage prediction parameters, and the initial response capability evaluation model is constructed based on the objective function.

[0103] When constructing the initial response capability assessment model, historical data of frequency regulation information set parameters and frequency regulation mileage, based on the frequency regulation information parsed from the power grid, are first used to predict the frequency regulation information prediction parameters and frequency regulation mileage prediction parameters. These are the predicted values ​​obtained by predicting the frequency regulation information set parameters and frequency regulation mileage for each scenario using a specific prediction method, along with the probability value of each scenario occurring. The frequency regulation information prediction parameters and frequency regulation mileage prediction parameters obtained through parameter prediction can then determine the objective function of the initial assessment model. Based on these parameters, the corresponding initial assessment model is constructed, serving as the foundational data for the response capability assessment model.

[0104] In this embodiment, the frequency regulation information set parameter S can be obtained by parsing the power grid frequency regulation information. t up / dn Frequency modulation mileage (m) t Suppose that the power grid operator, using a certain prediction method, predicts typical scenarios where these parameters might take values ​​in the future based on historical data of the above parameters. That is, the prediction method is used to predict the frequency regulation information set parameters and frequency regulation mileage for each scenario to obtain the corresponding predicted values. In this embodiment, the set of all typical scenarios of the equipment is represented by Ω, the number of each scenario is represented by ω, and the probability of each scenario occurring is represented by π. ω Therefore, the predicted values ​​for the above data in scenario ω are respectively expressed as: and m ω,t Based on the obtained frequency modulation information prediction parameters and frequency modulation mileage prediction parameters, the objective function of the initial response capability assessment model can be constructed, and the corresponding initial response capability assessment model can be determined based on the constructed objective function.

[0105] The initial response capability assessment model constructed in this embodiment is a two-stage stochastic optimization model. Therefore, the initial assessment model includes two-stage decision variables: the first stage is the power assessment curve in the energy market. The second phase involves assessing the frequency modulation capacity in various future scenarios. Therefore, the objective function of the constructed initial evaluation model is as follows:

[0106]

[0107] In the above expression, the first term is the cost of purchasing electricity in the energy market, where This represents the predicted clearing price in the energy market. The first term within parentheses in the objective function expression represents the expected revenue from providing frequency regulation services. For frequency modulation capacity price, The price is for frequency modulation (FM) performance. Therefore, the expected revenue from providing FM services includes two parts: the first part is the FM capacity revenue, and the second part is the FM effect revenue. The FM capacity revenue is proportional to the FM capacity reported by the operator, while the FM effect revenue is proportional to the product of the FM capacity and the actual FM mileage. The second term within parentheses in the objective function expression is the FM cost of the resource cluster, which is related to the cumulative power consumption of the resource cluster. Proportional. Where, c b Cost per unit of loss.

[0108] After constructing the initial response capability assessment model, the power boundary parameters and energy boundary parameters can be used as constraints to adjust the parameters of the initial assessment model accordingly. Prior to this, this embodiment will also utilize the power boundary parameters and energy boundary parameters... Historical data is used to predict the power boundary and energy boundary parameters corresponding to scenario ω.

[0109] By adjusting the parameters of the initial evaluation model using the aforementioned power boundary prediction parameters and energy boundary prediction parameters, the upper and lower bound constraints of the aggregate power curve and aggregate energy curve of the central air conditioning resource cluster in the response capability evaluation model can be obtained. This also includes the original power purchase and consumption equation constraints of the model. Therefore, the constraint conditions of the response capability evaluation model can be determined to include the following three conditions:

[0110]

[0111] in, This refers to the power of the air conditioning cluster during the up-frequency or down-frequency modulation period in scenario ω.

[0112] The calculation parameters used in the response capability assessment model constructed using the above evaluation method are easy to obtain, and the calculation process of the model is also simple and easy to execute. Therefore, the response capability assessment model provided in this embodiment can realize the analysis of the frequency regulation response capability of central air conditioning from the perspective of resource operators, thereby improving the efficiency and economy of demand response.

[0113] Step 104: Solve the response capability assessment model to obtain and output the response capability assessment results of the corresponding central air conditioner.

[0114] This embodiment solves the response capability assessment model constructed during the evaluation process to obtain the central air conditioning response capability assessment result that maximizes the operator's expected revenue. The assessment method provided in this embodiment brings new ideas and methods to the research and application of flexible resource assessment technology, and is expected to be widely used in power systems.

[0115] The air conditioning response capability assessment method provided in this invention determines the power boundary and cumulative energy boundary of each individual central air conditioning unit based on the load thermodynamic model of the central air conditioning system. This determines the extreme values ​​of the power consumption and cumulative energy consumption of each individual central air conditioning unit. Furthermore, based on the power boundary and cumulative energy boundary of the individual central air conditioning units, the power boundary and energy boundary of the central air conditioning resource cluster are calculated and used as constraints for subsequent calculations of the central air conditioning response assessment model. Using the power boundary and energy boundary of the central air conditioning resource cluster as constraints improves the accuracy and practicality of the assessment model's output results. By solving the assessment model constructed based on grid frequency regulation information and using the power boundary and energy boundary of the central air conditioning resource cluster as model constraints, an accurate assessment of the response capability of central air conditioning units participating in grid frequency regulation can be achieved. Scheduling central air conditioning units participating in frequency regulation based on the assessment results improves the efficiency and accuracy of central air conditioning scheduling strategies.

[0116] To better illustrate the working principle and steps of the air conditioning response capability assessment method and device for power grid frequency regulation requirements of the present invention, please refer to the relevant description above, but not limited to.

[0117] Accordingly, see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the air conditioning response capability assessment device for power grid frequency regulation requirements provided by the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the air conditioning response capability assessment device includes a boundary determination module 201, a parameter acquisition module 202, a model construction module 203, and a response assessment module 204; wherein:

[0118] The boundary determination module 201 is used to solve the load thermodynamic model of the central air conditioning system to obtain the individual power boundary and the individual cumulative energy boundary of the central air conditioning unit.

[0119] Furthermore, the boundary determination module 201 obtains the individual power boundary and the individual cumulative energy boundary of a single central air conditioning unit based on the load thermodynamic model of the central air conditioning system, including:

[0120] The system acquires and determines the local control command of the central air conditioning system based on the equipment parameters of the central air conditioning system, and classifies the central air conditioning system into controllable central air conditioning system and uncontrollable central air conditioning system based on the local control command.

[0121] Based on the load thermodynamic model, the controllable central air conditioner and the uncontrollable central air conditioner are solved together to obtain the individual power boundary and the individual cumulative energy boundary of the individual central air conditioner.

[0122] Furthermore, the boundary determination module 201 performs a ensemble solution for the controllable central air conditioner and the uncontrollable central air conditioner based on the load thermodynamic model, including:

[0123] The controllable power boundary and uncontrollable power boundary of the controllable central air conditioner and the uncontrollable central air conditioner are determined according to the local control command, and the controllable power boundary and the uncontrollable power boundary are merged to obtain the individual power boundary of the individual central air conditioner.

[0124] The unit power boundary and the local control command are calculated based on the load thermodynamic model to obtain the unit cumulative energy boundary.

[0125] Furthermore, the boundary determination module 201 calculates the unit power boundary and the local control command based on the load thermodynamic model, including:

[0126] The power boundary of the individual unit is calculated based on the temperature dead zone width of the local control command to obtain the first average power of the lower boundary of the temperature dead zone and the second average power of the upper boundary of the temperature dead zone.

[0127] Based on the load thermodynamic model, the first average power and the second average power are combined for calculation to obtain the cumulative energy boundary of the single unit.

[0128] The parameter acquisition module 202 is used to acquire and calculate the power boundary parameters and energy boundary parameters of the central air conditioning resource cluster based on the node air conditioning equipment data.

[0129] The model building module 203 is used to build an initial response capability assessment model based on the power grid frequency regulation information, and to adjust the parameters of the initial response capability assessment model by using the power boundary parameters and the energy boundary parameters as constraints to obtain the response capability assessment model.

[0130] Furthermore, the model building module 203 constructs an initial response capability assessment model based on power grid frequency regulation information, including:

[0131] The power grid frequency regulation information is analyzed to obtain the frequency regulation information set parameters and historical data of the frequency regulation mileage. Based on the historical data of the frequency regulation information set parameters and the historical data of the frequency regulation mileage, prediction is made to obtain the frequency regulation information prediction parameters and the frequency regulation mileage prediction parameters.

[0132] The objective function is determined based on the frequency modulation information prediction parameters and the frequency modulation mileage prediction parameters, and the initial response capability evaluation model is constructed based on the objective function.

[0133] The response evaluation module 204 is used to solve the response capability evaluation model, obtain and output the response capability evaluation results of the corresponding central air conditioner.

[0134] In summary, this invention provides a method and apparatus for assessing the response capability of air conditioning systems in response to grid frequency regulation demands. Based on a load thermodynamic model of central air conditioning systems, the individual power boundary and cumulative energy boundary of each central air conditioning unit are obtained. Power boundary parameters and energy boundary parameters of the central air conditioning resource cluster are calculated using acquired data from node air conditioning equipment. An initial response capability assessment model is constructed based on grid frequency regulation information. Constraints are established in this initial assessment model using the power boundary parameters and energy boundary parameters to obtain the response capability assessment model. Solving this model yields the response capability assessment results. Using the power boundary and energy boundary of the central air conditioning resource cluster as constraints in the assessment model improves the accuracy and practicality of the output assessment results. Scheduling central air conditioning units participating in frequency regulation demands based on the assessment results improves the scheduling efficiency and accuracy of the scheduling strategy.

[0135] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In particular, it should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention for those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An air conditioner response capability evaluation method for power grid frequency modulation requirements, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: obtaining and calculating the power boundary parameter and the energy boundary parameter of the central air conditioner resource cluster based on the node air conditioner equipment data; constructing an initial response capability evaluation model based on the grid frequency modulation information, adjusting the initial response capability evaluation model by taking the power boundary parameter and the energy boundary parameter as constraint conditions, and obtaining a response capability evaluation model; wherein, the construction of the initial response capability evaluation model based on the grid frequency modulation information comprises: analyzing the grid frequency modulation information to obtain frequency modulation information set parameters and historical data of frequency modulation mileage, predicting the frequency modulation information set parameters and the frequency modulation mileage based on the historical data of the frequency modulation information set parameters and the historical data of the frequency modulation mileage, obtaining frequency modulation information prediction parameters and frequency modulation mileage prediction parameters; determining a target function according to the frequency modulation information prediction parameters and the frequency modulation mileage prediction parameters, and constructing the initial response capability evaluation model according to the target function; solving the response capability evaluation model, and obtaining and outputting the response capability evaluation result of the corresponding central air conditioner. The collective solving of the controllable central air conditioner and the uncontrollable central air conditioner based on the load thermodynamic model comprises:

2. The method for evaluating the response capability of an air conditioner to frequency regulation requirements of a power grid according to claim 1, wherein, determining the controllable power boundary of the controllable central air conditioner according to the controllable instruction in the local control instruction; determining the uncontrollable power boundary of the uncontrollable central air conditioner according to the uncontrollable instruction in the local control instruction; merging the controllable power boundary and the uncontrollable power boundary to obtain the single power boundary of the single central air conditioner; calculating the single cumulative energy boundary based on the load thermodynamic model and the local control instruction. The calculation of the single power boundary and the local control instruction based on the load thermodynamic model comprises:

3. The method for evaluating the response capability of an air conditioner to frequency regulation requirements of a power grid according to claim 2, wherein, calculating the single power boundary according to the temperature dead zone width of the local control instruction, obtaining the first average power of the lower boundary of the temperature dead zone and the second average power of the upper boundary of the temperature dead zone; collectively calculating the first average power and the second average power based on the load thermodynamic model to obtain the single cumulative energy boundary. The air conditioner response capability evaluation device comprises a boundary determination module, a parameter acquisition module, a model construction module and a response evaluation module; wherein:

4. An air conditioner response capability evaluation device for grid frequency regulation demand, characterized by, ​ The boundary determination module is configured to obtain a single power boundary and a single cumulative energy boundary of a single central air conditioner based on a solution of a load thermodynamic model of the central air conditioner, including: obtaining and determining a local control instruction of the central air conditioner according to equipment parameters of the central air conditioner, and dividing the central air conditioner into controllable central air conditioners and uncontrollable central air conditioners according to the local control instruction; performing collective solving on the controllable central air conditioners and the uncontrollable central air conditioners based on the load thermodynamic model to obtain the single power boundary and the single cumulative energy boundary of the single central air conditioner; The parameter acquisition module is configured to obtain and calculate power boundary parameters and energy boundary parameters of a central air conditioner resource cluster according to node air conditioner equipment data; The model construction module is configured to construct an initial response capability evaluation model based on grid frequency modulation information, perform parameter adjustment on the initial response capability evaluation model by taking the power boundary parameters and the energy boundary parameters as constraint conditions, and obtain a response capability evaluation model; wherein the model construction module constructs the initial response capability evaluation model based on the grid frequency modulation information, including: analyzing the grid frequency modulation information to obtain frequency modulation information set parameters and historical data of frequency modulation mileage, performing prediction based on the historical data of the frequency modulation information set parameters and the historical data of the frequency modulation mileage to obtain frequency modulation information prediction parameters and frequency modulation mileage prediction parameters; determining an objective function according to the frequency modulation information prediction parameters and the frequency modulation mileage prediction parameters, and constructing the initial response capability evaluation model according to the objective function; The response evaluation module is configured to solve the response capability evaluation model, and obtain and output a response capability evaluation result of a corresponding central air conditioner.

5. The apparatus for evaluating the response capability of an air conditioner to frequency regulation requirements of a power grid according to claim 4, wherein The boundary determination module performs collective solving on the controllable central air conditioners and the uncontrollable central air conditioners based on the load thermodynamic model, including: determining controllable power boundaries and uncontrollable power boundaries of the controllable central air conditioners and the uncontrollable central air conditioners respectively according to the local control instruction, and merging the controllable power boundaries and the uncontrollable power boundaries to obtain the single power boundary of the single central air conditioner; performing calculation on the single power boundary and the local control instruction based on the load thermodynamic model to obtain the single cumulative energy boundary.

6. The apparatus for evaluating the response capability of an air conditioner to frequency regulation requirements of a power grid according to claim 5, wherein The boundary determination module performs calculation on the single power boundary and the local control instruction based on the load thermodynamic model, including: calculating the single power boundary according to a temperature dead zone width of the local control instruction to obtain a first average power of a lower boundary of a temperature dead zone and a second average power of an upper boundary of the temperature dead zone; performing collective calculation on the first average power and the second average power based on the load thermodynamic model to obtain the single cumulative energy boundary.

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