Coastal wetland key organism tide influence monitoring simulation device

Abstract

According to the technical scheme, the coastal wetland key organism tide influence monitoring simulation device is characterized in that the coastal wetland key organism tide influence monitoring simulation device comprises a simulator used for simulating tide, the simulator comprises a control valve and a timer, the control valve is installed on a water inlet pipe and controls the water inlet pipe to be opened and closed, and the timer is electrically connected with the control valve and controls the control valve to be opened periodically; when the control valve is opened, water inflow of the water inlet pipe is higher than water drainage of the water drainage pipe. The device has the advantages that the timer controls the control valve to be opened periodically, so that tide is simulated, under the condition that other influences are eliminated, the influence of the tide in a seawater biological experiment is highlighted, interference is reduced, and it is guaranteed that the plant experiment is carried out in order.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an experimental device, and more specifically to a tidal impact monitoring and simulation device for key organisms in coastal wetlands. Background Art

[0002] Tides are the periodic rise and fall of seawater caused by the gravitational interaction between the earth, the moon and the sun. The physiological activities and behaviors of many intertidal marine organisms are closely linked to the tidal cycle. For example, the growth activities of mangroves, barnacles, smooth river blue clams and other organisms have obvious tidal rhythms. The topography of coastal wetlands is shaped according to different hydrological and tidal characteristics.

[0003] In the process of ecological restoration of coastal wetlands, simulating different hydrological and tidal characteristics to study the effects of ecological restoration and reconstruction will help to form a complete technical system. In particular, in the prevention and control of alien invasive species (such as Spartina alterniflora) and the selection of tidal flat shellfish species, accurate monitoring of the actual situation of coastal wetlands can be carried out to provide favorable data support for the establishment of a complete prevention and control technical system.

[0004] Traditional monitoring of biological ecological elements under tidal conditions is limited by many factors such as field geographical conditions, human and material resources, weather and marine environment, and has many inconveniences. However, by simulating tides in experimental boxes, these organisms can carry out physiological activities according to their inherent rhythms, which helps maintain their normal growth and development and facilitates the acquisition of their ecological element data. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a tidal impact monitoring simulation device for key organisms in coastal wetlands. The experimental box can accurately simulate the natural tidal cycle, provide conditions similar to the natural environment for biological cultivation, adjust the tide according to the needs of different organisms, and observe the physiological performance of organisms under different tidal conditions.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a coastal wetland key biological tidal impact monitoring simulation device, comprising a box body, the box body is connected with a water inlet pipe and a drain pipe, the box body is provided with lamps for simulating the lighting environment, a planting area for simulating the coastal wetland and a seawater area for simulating the ocean, the water inlet pipe and the drain pipe are both connected to the seawater area, the seawater area is provided with a wave-making device for making waves, the box body is provided with a simulator for simulating tides, the simulator comprises a control valve and a timer, the control valve is installed on the water inlet pipe, and controls the opening and closing of the water inlet pipe, the timer is electrically connected to the control valve, and controls the control valve to open periodically, when the control valve is opened, the water intake of the water inlet pipe is higher than the discharge of the drain pipe.

[0007] The present invention is further configured as follows: the simulator also includes a water pump for pressurizing, the water pump is connected to the water inlet pipe, and the water pump is electrically connected to the timer.

[0008] The present invention is further configured as follows: a water inlet pipe is connected to a water tank, the water tank is connected to a drain pipe, the water tank is arranged below the box body, a water pump is provided with a water suction pipe, the water suction pipe is arranged in the water tank, and the front end of the water inlet pipe is arranged in the box body and connected to a universal tube. When working, the water pump drives the water in the water tank to flow into the box body.

[0009] The present invention is further configured as follows: a partition plate is provided in the water tank, a water hole is provided above the partition plate, a water inlet pipe and a drain pipe are respectively provided on both sides of the partition plate, a filter device is detachably connected to the drain pipe, and a filter net and a accommodating cavity for accommodating impurities are provided in the filter device.

[0010] The present invention is further configured as follows: the wave-making device includes a motor, a rotating roller and a first support rod, the motor is installed on the first support rod, the motor is connected to the rotating roller, and drives the rotating roller to rotate, a water baffle is provided on the rotating roller, and when working, the motor drives the rotating roller to rotate, the water baffle rotates around the rotating roller, and pushes the water flow to intermittently flow toward the planting area.

[0011] The present invention is further configured as follows: a second support rod is also arranged on the bracket, one end of the rotating roller is rotatably connected to the second support rod, the water baffle is in an arc shape, and the center of the water baffle is arranged on the side that pushes the water flow.

[0012] The present invention is further configured as follows: the box is configured in a closed manner, the lamp is connected to a commutator, the commutator is connected to a drive motor, the drive motor is connected to a guide rail, and the guide rail is installed on the top surface of the box.

[0013] The present invention is further configured as follows: a plurality of culture media are provided in the planting area, a first pipe for adding fertilizer is provided in the box body, one end of the first pipe is higher than the other end, one end of the first pipe is arranged outside the box body, the other end of the first pipe is arranged inside the box body, and a plurality of through holes are provided, the plurality of through holes are arranged above the corresponding culture media, and the simulator also includes a controller, the controller is connected to a plurality of second monitoring sensors for being placed in the coastal wetland.

[0014] The present invention is further configured as follows: a breeding cage is provided in the seawater area, the breeding cage separates the seawater area into a breeding area for breeding aquatic products, the box body is also provided with a second pipe for feeding feed, one end of the second pipe is higher than the other end, one end of the second pipe is arranged outside the box body, and the other end of the second pipe is arranged inside the box body and arranged above the breeding net.

[0015] The present invention is further configured as follows: a slope for simulating the coast is arranged on the bottom surface of the box body, a protective embankment is detachably connected to the slope, the protective embankment is provided with drainage holes, the diameter of the drainage holes at one end facing the planting area is larger than the other end, and a U-shaped bend for buffering is provided.

[0016] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the plants to be planted experimentally are planted in the planting area, the lamps simulate the lighting environment, when the control valve is opened, the water inlet pipe injects water into the seawater area, the water intake of the water inlet pipe is higher than the water discharge of the drain pipe, so that the water level in the seawater area rises, and the water level rises to the planting area, thereby simulating high tide; when the control valve is closed, the water inlet pipe stops taking in water, and the drain pipe continues to drain water, so that the water level in the seawater area drops, thereby simulating low tide, and the timer controls the control valve to open periodically, thereby simulating tides, and excluding other influences, highlighting the influence of tides in seawater biological experiments, reducing interference, and ensuring the orderly progress of plant experiments. The coastal wetland key biological tidal impact monitoring simulation device can accurately simulate the cycle of natural tides, provide conditions similar to the natural environment for biological cultivation, and adjust the tides according to the needs of different organisms. At the same time, it can give organisms tides of different conditions and observe the physiological performance of organisms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the simulation device for monitoring tidal impacts on key organisms in coastal wetlands;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the wave-making device structure of the tidal impact monitoring and simulation device for key organisms in coastal wetlands;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the first pipeline structure of the tidal impact monitoring simulation device for key organisms in coastal wetlands;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the filter structure of the tidal impact monitoring simulation device for key organisms in coastal wetlands;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the protective dike structure of the tidal impact monitoring simulation device for key organisms in coastal wetlands;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the lighting structure of the tidal impact monitoring simulation device for key organisms in coastal wetlands;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the planting area structure of the coastal wetland key biological tidal impact monitoring simulation device.

[0024] Figure numerals: 1. box body; 11. water inlet pipe; 111. universal pipe; 12. drainage pipe; 13. planting area; 131. culture medium; 132. first pipeline; 133. through hole; 134. slope; 14. seawater area; 141. breeding net; 142. breeding area; 143. second pipeline; 15. water pump; 16. protective dike; 161. drainage hole; 162. U-shaped bend; 2. simulator; 21. control valve; 22. control valve; 3. water tank; 31. partition plate; 32. water hole; 4. filter device; 41. filter net; 42. accommodating chamber; 5. wave-making device; 51. motor; 52. rotating roller; 53. first support rod; 54. water retaining plate; 6. lamp; 61. commutator; 62. drive motor; 63. guide rail. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The same parts are represented by the same reference numerals. It should be noted that the words "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, and the words "bottom surface" and "top surface", "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively.

[0026] Reference Figure 1-7 As shown, a coastal wetland key biological tidal impact monitoring simulation device includes a housing 1, the housing 1 is connected with an inlet pipe 11 and a drain pipe 12, the housing 1 is provided with a lamp 6 for simulating a lighting environment, a planting area 13 for simulating a coastal wetland and a seawater area 14 for simulating an ocean, the inlet pipe 11 and the drain pipe 12 are both connected to the seawater area 14, the seawater area 14 is provided with a wave-making device 5 for making waves, the housing 1 is provided with a simulator 2 for simulating tides, the simulator 2 includes a control valve 21 and a timer 22, the control valve 21 is installed on the inlet pipe 11, and controls the opening and closing of the inlet pipe 11, the timer 22 is electrically connected to the control valve 21, and controls the control valve 21 to open periodically, when the control valve 21 is opened, the water intake of the inlet pipe 11 is higher than the water discharge of the drain pipe 12.

[0027] Through the above scheme, the plants that need to be planted experimentally are planted in the planting area, and the lamp 6 simulates the lighting environment. When the control valve 21 is opened, the water inlet pipe 11 injects water into the seawater area 14. The water intake of the water inlet pipe 11 is higher than the water discharge of the drain pipe 12, so that the water level of the seawater area 14 rises and the water level rises to the planting area 13, thereby simulating high tide; when the control valve 21 is closed, the water inlet pipe 11 stops taking in water, and the drain pipe 12 continues to drain water, so that the water level of the seawater area 14 drops, thereby simulating low tide. The timer 22 controls the control valve 21 to open periodically, thereby simulating tides. Under the condition of excluding other influences, the influence of tides on seawater biological experiments is highlighted, interference is reduced, and the orderly progress of plant experiments is ensured. The coastal wetland key biological tidal impact monitoring simulation device can accurately simulate the cycle of natural tides, provide conditions similar to the natural environment for biological cultivation, and adjust the tides according to the needs of different organisms. At the same time, it can give organisms tides of different conditions and observe the physiological performance of organisms. The wave-making device 5 creates waves and simulates the impact of water flow, making the tide more realistic and creating a better tidal effect, thereby improving the realism of the simulation experiment.

[0028] As an improved specific implementation, the simulator 2 further includes a water pump 15 for pressurizing. The water pump 15 is connected to the water inlet pipe 11 , and the water pump 15 is electrically connected to the timer 22 .

[0029] Through the above scheme, the water pump 15 strengthens the impact force of the water flowing into the seawater area 14, cooperates with the wave-making device 5, forms waves and turbulence, thereby improving the authenticity of the tidal simulation. The timer 22 controls the periodic opening of the water pump to save electricity while ensuring the smooth progress of the experiment. The water inflow is controlled by the water pump 15 to improve the control accuracy of the water level in the box 1. When simulating the same tidal cycle, the specific height range and accuracy of the water level rise and fall can meet the extremely subtle differences in the tidal environment of various organisms, and can ensure the accuracy of some biological experiments that require strict tidal conditions.

[0030] As an improved specific implementation method, the water inlet pipe 11 is connected to the water tank 3, the water tank 3 is connected to the drain pipe 12, the water tank 3 is arranged below the box body 1, the water pump 15 is provided with a suction pipe 151, the suction pipe 151 is arranged in the water tank 3, the front end of the water inlet pipe 11 is arranged in the box body 1 and is connected to the universal tube 111. When working, the water pump 15 drives the water in the water tank 3 to flow into the box body 1.

[0031] Through the above solution, the water in the box body 1 flows into the water tank 3 through the drain pipe 12, and the water pump 15 drives the water in the water tank 3 to flow into the box body 1, forming a water cycle to avoid the waste of water resources.

[0032] As an improved specific embodiment, a partition plate 31 is provided in the water tank 3, a water hole 32 is provided above the partition plate 31, the water inlet pipe 11 and the drain pipe 12 are respectively provided on both sides of the partition plate 31, and a filter device 4 is detachably connected to the drain pipe 12, and a filter net 41 and a accommodating cavity 42 for accommodating impurities are provided on the filter device 4.

[0033] Through the above scheme, the experimental box is operated for a long time. With the complex water quality changes that may occur due to biological growth metabolism, feed feeding, etc., it is difficult to continuously and effectively maintain good water quality to ensure the healthy growth of organisms. The partition plate 31 divides the water tank 3 into two cavities for containing water. The two cavities are respectively connected to the water inlet pipe 11 and the drain pipe 12. The cavity on one side of the drain pipe 12 precipitates impurities. The water hole 32 is set above the partition plate 31 to facilitate the precipitated water to enter the cavity on the other side of the partition plate 31. The precipitated impurities are blocked by the partition plate 31 to prevent the impurities from being brought back into the box 1. The water discharged from the box 1 is filtered through the filter device 4 first, and the large impurities are contained in the containing chamber 42 to improve the filtering effect, so that it can be used for a long time and achieve continuous water quality assurance. After use, the filter device 4 can be disassembled to clean the impurities in the containing chamber 42 for recycling again.

[0034] As an improved specific embodiment, the wave-making device 5 includes a motor 51, a rotating roller 52 and a first support rod 53. The motor 51 is installed on the first support rod 53. The motor 51 is connected to the rotating roller 52 and drives the rotating roller 52 to rotate. A water baffle 54 is provided on the rotating roller 52. When working, the motor 51 drives the rotating roller 52 to rotate, the water baffle 54 rotates around the rotating roller 52, and pushes the water flow to intermittently flow toward the planting area 13.

[0035] Through the above scheme, the motor 51 drives the rotating roller 52 to rotate, the water baffle 54 rotates around the rotating roller 52, and pushes the water flow to intermittently flow toward the planting area 13, thereby making the tide more realistic, facilitating the flow of water in the seawater area 14, and simulating a real marine environment.

[0036] As an improved specific implementation, a second support rod 55 is further provided on the bracket 53, one end of the rotating roller 52 is rotatably connected to the second support rod 55, the water baffle 54 is arc-shaped, and the center of the water baffle 54 is set on the side that pushes the water flow.

[0037] Through the above solution, the second support rod 55 strengthens the support of the rotating roller 52. The arc-shaped water baffle 54 improves the driving effect of the water flow, so that the water flow in the seawater area 14 is accelerated, forming a vortex turbulence, making the water flow in the seawater area 14 more real.

[0038] As an improved specific implementation, the box 1 is closed and made of opaque material. The lamp 6 is connected to a commutator 61, the commutator 61 is connected to a drive motor 62, the drive motor 62 is connected to a guide rail 63, and the guide rail 63 is installed on the top surface of the box 1.

[0039] Through the above scheme, the use of opaque materials can reduce the impact of the outside of the box 1, reduce the possibility of interference with the experiment, and ensure that the experiment can proceed smoothly. External light cannot shine into the box 1. According to the time of the timer 22, the simulation is performed. The lamp 6 moves along the guide rail 63 with the driving motor 62, and is reversed by the commutator 61 according to the time to adjust the lighting angle. The lamp 6 adjusts the light intensity, so that the planting in the box 1 can simulate different lighting environments, and planting research can be carried out according to the set simulation environment. The lamp 6 can simulate different lighting environments. For some special organisms that may need specific spectral compositions and lighting durations in different seasons or circadian rhythms, more detailed simulations can be performed by replacing different lamps 6 and adjusting the lighting time, lighting intensity and lighting angle of the lamp 6. It is possible to fully and accurately simulate the lighting conditions of the natural habitat of certain organisms and ensure the comprehensiveness of the lighting simulation.

[0040] As a specific embodiment of the improvement, the planting area 13 is provided with a plurality of culture media 131, and the box body 1 is further provided with a first pipe 132 for adding fertilizer, one end of the first pipe 132 is higher than the other end, one end of the first pipe 132 is arranged outside the box body 1, and the other end of the first pipe 132 is arranged inside the box body 1, and is provided with a plurality of through holes 133, and the plurality of through holes 133 are arranged above the corresponding culture media 131, and the simulator 2 also includes a controller, which is connected to a plurality of second monitoring sensors for being placed in the coastal wetland.

[0041] By the above scheme, the experimental plant is planted on the culture medium 131, and multiple culture mediums 131 are suitable for batch experiments, play a control role, and are conducive to ensuring the accuracy of the experiment. The first pipeline 132 is convenient to add fertilizer, so that planting is easier, and multiple through holes 133 are convenient for fertilizer to be sprinkled on the culture medium 131 accurately, without unpacking operation, ensuring that planting can obtain sufficient nutrients. Compared with traditional field observation or other similar experimental equipment, the simulation of the experimental box can reduce costs, and can be carried out synchronously, so that comparison can be made. The second monitoring sensor is used for real-time dynamic monitoring of the tidal data, soil, plant distribution, biological ecology and other data on the spot of the coastal wetland, so that the controller can perform simulation analysis, cooperate with information analysis and evaluation, intuitively display simulation, can simulate the ecological process and invasion and diffusion mechanism of alien species (such as Spartina alterniflora) invasion, auxiliary research prevention and control and the removal of alien species (such as Spartina alterniflora) and other work. It can also be used as a model to intuitively display the actual situation of the coastal wetland, to realize the functions such as monitoring and early warning, visual inspection, and trend foreseeable.

[0042] As an improved specific implementation, the seawater area 14 is provided with a breeding cage 141, which separates the seawater area 14 into a breeding area 142 for breeding aquatic products. The box body 1 is also provided with a second pipe 143 for feeding feed, one end of the second pipe 143 is higher than the other end, one end of the second pipe 143 is arranged outside the box body 1, and the other end of the second pipe 143 is arranged in the box body 1 and arranged above the breeding net 141.

[0043] Through the above scheme, while conducting the seawater planting experiment, the aquaculture experiment can also be carried out through the breeding cage 141, thereby improving the utilization rate of the experimental box. The second pipe 143 is convenient for feeding feed, and there is no need to open the box for operation, which is convenient to use.

[0044] As an improved specific embodiment, a slope 134 for simulating the coast is provided on the bottom surface of the box body 1, and a protective dike 16 is detachably connected to the slope 134. The protective dike 16 is provided with a drainage hole 161. The diameter of the drainage hole 161 at one end facing the planting area 13 is larger than that at the other end, and a U-shaped bend 162 for buffering is provided.

[0045] Through the above scheme, the protective raft 16 plays the role of buffering waves. The significance of the protective raft 16 for seawater planting is tested. The diameters of the two ends of the drainage hole 161 are different, which is convenient for the discharge of seawater. Combined with the U-shaped structure, it can slow down the impact of seawater and slowly enter the planting area 13 to avoid affecting the growth of plants.

[0046] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tidal impact monitoring and simulation device for key organisms in coastal wetlands, comprising a housing (1), wherein the housing (1) is connected to a water inlet pipe (11) and a drain pipe (12), and wherein: The housing (1) is provided with a lamp (6) for simulating a lighting environment, a planting area (13) for simulating a coastal wetland, and a seawater area (14) for simulating an ocean. The water inlet pipe (11) and the drainage pipe (12) are both connected to the seawater area (14). The seawater area (14) is provided with a wave-making device (5) for making waves. The housing (1) is provided with a simulator (2) for simulating tides. The simulator (2) comprises a control valve (21) and a timer (22). The control valve (21) is installed on the water inlet pipe (11) and controls the opening and closing of the water inlet pipe (11). The timer (22) is electrically connected to the control valve (21) and controls the control valve (21) to open periodically. When the control valve (21) is opened, the water intake of the water inlet pipe (11) is higher than the water discharge of the drainage pipe (12).

2. The device for monitoring and simulating tidal impacts on key organisms in coastal wetlands according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The simulator (2) also includes a water pump (15) for pressurizing, wherein the water pump (15) is connected to the water inlet pipe (11), and the water pump (15) is electrically connected to the timer (22).

3. The device for monitoring and simulating tidal impacts on key organisms in coastal wetlands according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The water inlet pipe (11) is connected to a water tank (3), the water tank (3) is connected to a drain pipe (12), the water tank (3) is arranged below the box body (1), the water pump (15) is provided with a water suction pipe (151), the water suction pipe (151) is arranged in the water tank (3), the front end of the water inlet pipe (11) is arranged in the box body (1) and is connected to a universal pipe (111), when working, the water pump (15) drives the water in the water tank (3) to flow into the box body (1).

4. The device for monitoring and simulating tidal impacts on key organisms in coastal wetlands according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A partition plate (31) is provided in the water tank (3), a water hole (32) is provided above the partition plate (31), the water inlet pipe (11) and the drain pipe (12) are respectively provided on both sides of the partition plate (31), a filter device (4) is detachably connected to the drain pipe (12), and a filter screen (41) and a receiving cavity (42) for receiving impurities are provided in the filter device (4).

5. The device for monitoring and simulating tidal impacts on key organisms in coastal wetlands according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wave-making device (5) comprises a motor (51), a rotating roller (52) and a first support rod (53); the motor (51) is mounted on the first support rod (53); the motor (51) is connected to the rotating roller (52) and drives the rotating roller (52) to rotate; a water retaining plate (54) is arranged on the rotating roller (52); when working, the motor (51) drives the rotating roller (52) to rotate, the water retaining plate (54) rotates around the rotating roller (52), and drives the water flow to intermittently flow toward the planting area (13).

6. The device for monitoring and simulating tidal impacts on key organisms in coastal wetlands according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The bracket (53) is also provided with a second support rod (55), one end of the rotating roller (52) is rotatably connected to the second support rod (55), the water baffle (54) is in an arc shape, and the center of the water baffle (54) is arranged on the side that pushes the water flow.

7. The device for monitoring and simulating tidal impacts on key organisms in coastal wetlands according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The box (1) is arranged in a closed manner, the lamp (6) is connected to a commutator (61), the commutator (61) is connected to a drive motor (62), the drive motor (62) is connected to a guide rail (63), and the guide rail (63) is installed on the top surface of the box (1).

8. The device for monitoring and simulating tidal impacts on key organisms in coastal wetlands according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The planting area (13) is provided with a plurality of culture media (131) and a plurality of first monitoring sensors. The housing (1) is further provided with a first pipe (132) for adding fertilizer, one end of the first pipe (132) is higher than the other end, one end of the first pipe (132) is arranged outside the housing (1), and the other end of the first pipe (132) is arranged inside the housing (1), and a plurality of through holes (133) are provided, and the plurality of through holes (133) are arranged above corresponding culture media (131). The simulator (2) also includes a controller, and the controller is connected to a plurality of second monitoring sensors for being placed in a coastal wetland.

9. The device for monitoring and simulating tidal impacts on key organisms in coastal wetlands according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The seawater area (14) is provided with a breeding cage (141), and the breeding cage (141) separates the seawater area (14) into a breeding area (142) for breeding aquatic products. The box (1) is also provided with a second pipe (143) for feeding feed, and one end of the second pipe (143) is higher than the other end. One end of the second pipe (143) is arranged outside the box (1), and the other end of the second pipe (143) is arranged inside the box (1) and above the breeding net (141).

10. The device for monitoring and simulating tidal impacts on key organisms in coastal wetlands according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: A slope (134) for simulating a coast is arranged on the bottom surface of the box body (1), a protective dike (16) is detachably connected to the slope (134), the protective dike (16) is provided with a drainage hole (161), the diameter of one end of the drainage hole (161) facing the planting area (13) is larger than that of the other end, and a U-shaped bend (162) for buffering is arranged.

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