Laser fusion pellet based on deuterium and helium fuel and fusion power generation and propulsion system

Abstract

The invention provides a laser fusion pellet and a fusion power generation and propulsion system, and the laser fusion pellet is spherical and sequentially comprises a deuterium-tritium gas layer, a solid fusion material layer, a deuterium-helium fuel layer and a high-density carbon spherical shell layer from inside to outside; the fusion power generation and propulsion method provided by the invention comprises the following steps of: driving implosion of the spherical pellet by adopting multiple beams of large-energy repetition-frequency laser, igniting deuterium and helium fuel with higher ignition threshold temperature by utilizing deuterium and tritium fuel with lower ignition threshold temperature, and generating and propelling the magnetic fluid through fusion energy released by pulse type fusion through the magnetic fluid power generation and propulsion device. The power is converted into electric energy or space propulsion power which is stably output; the device has the characteristics that fusion energy release with high repetition frequency and high laser energy utilization efficiency can be realized in a normal temperature state, and the device is not only suitable for fusion power generation on the earth, but also suitable for fusion power generation of extraterrestrial celestial bodies with rich helium fuel such as the moon and space propulsion of spacecrafts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of nuclear fusion and space propulsion, and in particular to a laser fusion target pellet based on deuterium-helium fuel and a fusion power generation and propulsion system. Background Art

[0002] Laser fusion is expected to provide clean and safe ultimate energy for mankind. In 2022, humans first achieved laser indirect-driven fusion ignition based on frozen deuterium-tritium fuel, verifying the feasibility of laser fusion. However, due to the use of frozen deuterium-tritium fuel and indirect drive scheme, this method is difficult to apply to future high-frequency, high-efficiency and low-cost laser fusion power generation and space propulsion.

[0003] In recent years, scientific research institutions such as Helion Company in the United States have proposed a magnetic confinement fusion scheme based on deuterium helium fuel. One purpose of this scheme is to use a more stable helium fuel (helium isotope with atomic number 2 and mass number 3, represented by the symbol He in the present invention) to replace the radioactive tritium fuel with a half-life of 12.5 years. This scheme uses a reverse field configuration magnetic confinement scheme and uses an extremely strong magnetic field to confine large-scale high-temperature and dilute plasma in a nearly steady state to produce a net fusion energy output. However, magnetic confinement fusion has the characteristics of large size, extremely high fusion plasma temperature, very close distance to the first wall of the reactor and high cost. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a laser fusion target capsule and a fusion power generation and propulsion system based on deuterium-helium fuel, which are used to solve the problems in the prior art that deuterium-tritium fuel is expensive, radioactive tritium fuel with a half-life of 12.5 years cannot be stored stably for a long time, and deuterium-tritium fusion easily produces high-energy neutrons.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object and other related objects, the present invention provides a laser fusion target capsule, which is spherical and includes, from inside to outside:

[0006] Deuterium-tritium gas layer;

[0007] a layer of solid fusion material;

[0008] Deuterium-helium fuel layer;

[0009] High-density carbon spherical shell;

[0010] Wherein, the solid fusion material layer is selected from one of lithium deuteride, lithium borodeuteride, and lithium borodeuterium tritide.

[0011] The present invention also provides a fusion power generation and propulsion system, comprising:

[0012] Nuclear fusion generators and magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion devices;

[0013] The nuclear fusion generating device comprises the fusion target pellet, laser emitter, fusion target chamber, reactor containment and target pellet storage chamber as described above; the target pellet storage chamber is arranged at one end of the fusion target chamber, and is suitable for the fusion target pellet to be ejected from the target pellet storage chamber to the center of the fusion target chamber; the laser emitter is arranged on the wall of the fusion target chamber, the laser emitted by the laser emitter is focused on the center of the fusion target chamber, and the laser fusion target pellet and fusion target chamber are both arranged in the reactor containment;

[0014] The magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device includes a magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel and / or an ion thruster; the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel is arranged to penetrate the fusion target chamber; the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel has a magnetic field, which is suitable for converting the energy of high-temperature plasma generated by fusion into electrical energy, and the ion thruster is suitable for ejecting high-temperature plasma in the form of a high-speed plasma gas flow to generate recoil propulsion power.

[0015] The present invention also provides a fusion power generation and propulsion method based on the above system, comprising the following steps:

[0016] The fusion target capsule moves from the target capsule storage cavity to the center of the fusion target chamber through jetting at a certain frequency. Multi-beam lasers are used to focus and irradiate the fusion target capsule. The laser drives the fusion target capsule to implode, causing fusion ignition in the deuterium-tritium gas layer in the center of the fusion target capsule, igniting the deuterium-helium fuel layer, and generating high-temperature plasma through fusion combustion. The magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel converts the energy of the high-temperature plasma into smoothly output electrical energy, and the ion thruster ejects the high-temperature plasma in the form of high-speed plasma gas flow to generate recoil propulsion power.

[0017] As described above, the laser fusion target pellet and fusion power generation and propulsion system based on deuterium-helium fuel of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The laser fusion target capsule provided by the present invention comprises, from the inside to the outside, a deuterium-tritium gas layer, a solid fusion material layer, a deuterium-helium fuel layer, and a high-density carbon spherical shell layer; further, the fusion target capsule of the present invention can drive the spherical fuel to implode by using multiple large-energy and high-power nanosecond lasers, so that the deuterium-tritium fuel in the center of the fuel undergoes fusion ignition, and the combustion wave generated by the deuterium-tritium fusion ignites the deuterium-helium fuel arranged around the deuterium-tritium fuel, thereby releasing a large amount of fusion energy; the energy generated by the fusion is converted into stable output electric energy by a magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device or used for space propulsion through an ion thruster; the laser direct-driven fusion power generation method based on deuterium-helium fuel of the present invention adopts deuterium-tritium fuel with a lower ignition threshold temperature (about 5 keV) to ignite deuterium-helium fuel with a higher ignition threshold temperature (about 28 keV), and can realize high repetition frequency fusion at room temperature, and a single fusion process is on the order of tens of nanoseconds. The laser waveform optimized and designed by machine learning can achieve fusion energy release with high laser energy utilization efficiency. It is suitable for fusion power generation in extraterrestrial bodies such as the moon where there is a large amount of helium fuel, and also for space propulsion of large aerospace facilities.

[0019] The fusion power generation method of the present invention converts ordinary hydrogen elements into fusion fuels such as deuterium and helium through neutrons and high-energy deuterium ions of fusion products. Figure 2 The fusion reaction and fuel cycle shown in the figure greatly reduce the economic cost of fusion fuel. The present invention also has the advantages that the plasma generated by laser fusion is far away from the first wall of the reactor, the deuterium-helium fusion reaction does not produce neutrons, and there is abundant helium fuel in extraterrestrial bodies such as the moon. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the laser fusion target and driving laser based on deuterium-helium fuel.

[0021] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of fusion reaction and fuel cycle based on deuterium-helium fuel; red represents the main fusion reaction; yellow represents the secondary fusion reaction; and blue represents the fuel generation reaction.

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of fusion power generation and propulsion based on laser direct driven fusion.

[0023] Description of Figure Numbers

[0024] 1. Deuterium-tritium gas layer; 2. Solid fusion material layer; 3. Deuterium-helium fuel layer; 4. High-density carbon sphere shell layer; 10. Fusion target capsule; 11. Laser emitter; 12. Fusion target chamber; 13 Reactor containment; 100. Nuclear fusion generator; 20. Target capsule storage chamber; 30. Magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel; 31 Ion thruster; 32. High-speed plasma gas flow; 300. Magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the contents disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0026] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0027] In addition, it should be understood that one or more method steps mentioned in the present invention do not exclude the existence of other method steps before or after the combination step or the insertion of other method steps between these explicitly mentioned steps, unless otherwise specified; and, unless otherwise specified, the numbering of each method step is only a convenient tool for identifying each method step, and is not intended to limit the order of arrangement of each method step or to define the scope of the present invention. Changes or adjustments in their relative relationships should also be regarded as the scope of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0028] Please refer to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in this embodiment are only used to illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner, and the drawings only show the components related to the present invention rather than the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complicated.

[0029] A first aspect of the present invention provides a laser fusion target capsule, wherein the fusion target capsule is spherical and comprises, from inside to outside:

[0030] Deuterium-tritium gas layer 1;

[0031] Solid fusion material layer 2;

[0032] Deuterium-helium fuel layer 3;

[0033] High-density carbon spherical shell layer 4;

[0034] The solid fusion material layer 2 is selected from lithium deuteride, lithium borodeuteride, and lithium borodeuteride tritide, and may also be other fusion materials that are solid at room temperature.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, the outer radius of the fusion target pellet 10 is 1000-2000 μm, for example, 1000 μm, 1500 μm, 1600 μm, 1800 μm or 2000 μm.

[0036] In some embodiments of the present invention, the deuterium-tritium gas layer 1 has a thickness of 1000 to 1800 μm, for example, 1000 μm, 1400 μm, 1600 μm or 1800 μm; and a density of 0.0001 to 0.001 g / cc, for example, 0.0001 g / cc, 0.0004 g / cc, 0.0005 g / cc, 0.0009 g / cc or 0.001 g / cc.

[0037] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the solid fusion material layer 2 is 20 to 200 μm. For example, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 150 μm or 200 μm. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the solid fusion material layer 2 is lithium deuteride. The density of the lithium deuteride is 0.8 to 0.9 g / cc. For example, 0.8 g / cc, 0.85 g / cc or 0.9 g / cc. The gas pressure that the lithium deuteride layer can withstand is not less than 10 atmospheres. In a more preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the lithium deuteride layer is 30 μm.

[0038] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the deuterium-helium fuel layer 3 is 0-500 μm, for example, 0 μm, 50 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm or 500 μm.

[0039] The density of the deuterium-helium fuel layer 3 is 0.1-0.3 g / cc, for example, 0.1 g / cc, 0.15 g / cc, 0.2 g / cc, 0.25 g / cc or 0.3 g / cc.

[0040] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the high-density carbon spherical shell layer 4 is 20-50 μm, for example, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm or 50 μm.

[0041] The initial density of the high-density carbon sphere shell layer 4 is 3-4 g / cc, for example 3 g / cc, 3.2 g / cc, 3.4 g / cc, 3.6 g / cc, 3.8 g / cc or 4 g / cc. The gas pressure that the high-density carbon sphere shell layer 4 can withstand is not less than 10 atmospheres.

[0042] A second aspect of the present invention provides a fusion power generation and propulsion system, comprising:

[0043] Nuclear fusion generating device 100 and magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device 300;

[0044] The nuclear fusion generating device 100 comprises the fusion target capsule 10, the laser emitter 11, the fusion target chamber 12, the reactor containment 13 and the target capsule storage chamber 20 as described above; the target capsule storage chamber 20 is arranged at one end of the fusion target chamber 12, and is suitable for the fusion target capsule 10 to be ejected from the target capsule storage chamber 20 to the center of the fusion target chamber 12; the laser emitter 11 is arranged on the wall of the fusion target chamber 12, and the laser emitted by the laser emitter 11 is focused on the center of the fusion target chamber 12, and the laser fusion target capsule 10 and the fusion target chamber 12 are both arranged in the reactor containment 13;

[0045] The magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device 300 includes a magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 30 and / or an ion thruster 31; the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 30 is arranged to penetrate the fusion target chamber 12; the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 30 has a magnetic field, which is suitable for converting the energy of the high-temperature plasma generated by fusion into electrical energy, and the ion thruster 31 is suitable for ejecting the high-temperature plasma in the form of a high-speed plasma gas flow 32 to generate recoil propulsion power.

[0046] The magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device 300 of the present invention converts the energy released by fusion into electrical energy on the one hand, and generates space propulsion power for the spacecraft by ejecting high-speed plasma gas flow on the other hand.

[0047] In some embodiments of the present invention, the nuclear fusion power generation system further includes a vacuum pump device, which is suitable for extracting residual plasma in the fusion target chamber 12 to the magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device 300 to provide a clean laser transmission channel for the next laser fusion.

[0048] A third aspect of the present invention provides a fusion power generation and propulsion method based on the above system, comprising the following steps:

[0049] The fusion target capsule 10 is ejected from the target capsule storage chamber 20 to the center of the fusion target chamber at a certain frequency, and multiple laser beams are used to focus and irradiate the fusion target capsule 10. The laser ablation effect drives the fusion target capsule 10 to implode, causing the deuterium-tritium gas layer in the center of the fusion target capsule 10 to undergo fusion ignition, igniting the deuterium-helium fuel layer, and generating high-temperature plasma through fusion combustion. The magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 30 converts the energy of the high-temperature plasma into smoothly output electrical energy, and the ion thruster 31 ejects the high-temperature plasma in the form of a high-speed plasma gas flow 32 to generate recoil propulsion power.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the energy range of the laser is 1-10 MJ, for example, 1 MJ, 2 MJ, 5 MJ or 10 MJ.

[0051] In some embodiments of the present invention, the repetition rate of the laser is 1 to 100 Hz, for example, 1 Hz, 10 Hz, 50 Hz, or 100 Hz.

[0052] In some embodiments of the present invention, the peak power of the laser is 100-500 TW, for example, 100 TW, 300 TW or 500 TW. The time waveform of the laser power meets the isentropic compression requirements of the fuel.

[0053] In some embodiments of the present invention, the repetition frequency of the fusion is not less than 1 time per second.

[0054] In the nuclear fusion power generation method of the present invention, first, a large number of fusion target pellets 10 are ejected from the target pellet storage chamber 20 to the center of the fusion target chamber 12 at a certain frequency. When the fusion target pellets 10 reach the center of the fusion target chamber 12, the multi-channel lasers on the wall of the fusion target chamber 12 are focused and irradiated to the surface of the fusion target pellets 10, driving the fusion fuel in the fusion target pellets 10 to compress and accelerate, and reach the fusion ignition conditions. During the ignition process, the deuterium-tritium fuel with a lower ignition threshold temperature first reaches the fusion ignition state (temperature greater than 5keV), driving an outward propagating combustion wave to ignite the lithium deuteride layer 2 and the deuterium-helium fuel layer 3.

[0055] During the fusion combustion process, the deuterium-tritium fuel reaches the fusion reaction conditions under the action of the laser-driven spherical implosion. The reaction equation is: D+T→α(3.5MeV)+n(14.1MeV), where D represents the deuterium isotope, T represents the tritium isotope, α represents the alpha particle, and n represents the neutron. The alpha particle carries four positive charges and can easily convert its own kinetic energy into the internal energy of the fusion fuel, causing the temperature of the fusion fuel to further increase. A part of the neutrons produced by the fusion escapes the fusion target capsule 10, and the other part reacts with the lithium deuteride layer to convert the lithium deuteride into deuterium-tritium fuel. The reaction equation is: n+Li→T+α, where Li represents the lithium isotope with a mass number of 6. When the deuterium-tritium fuel at the center of the fusion target capsule 10 reaches a sufficiently high temperature, density, and fusion reaction rate, a large number of alpha particles and electrons are transmitted outward to form an outward-propagating thermonuclear combustion wave, causing the deuterium-helium fuel to undergo a fusion reaction, and the reaction equation is: D+He→α(3.65MeV)+p(14.7MeV), where He represents the helium isotope with a mass number of 3, and p represents the proton. Since alpha particles and protons are both charged particles, the fusion energy generated by this reaction is mainly deposited in the laser fusion target capsule, which can quickly increase the fusion combustion temperature, thereby obtaining high-gain fusion combustion. In addition, the deuterium ions with a very high relative motion speed can further react with the high-energy protons produced by fusion to form the helium fuel required for fusion, and the reaction equation is: p+D→He. The neutrons produced by fusion can also further react with ordinary hydrogen elements to form the deuterium fuel required for fusion, and the reaction equation is: n+p→D; the specific fusion combustion equation and fuel cycle path are as follows: Figure 2 shown.

[0056] That is, the fusion target capsule 10 is driven by laser ablation to undergo a spherical implosion, and the fusion target capsule 10 is compressed and heated to a fusion ignition state, generating a large amount of high-temperature plasma. The energy generated by the fusion is converted into stable output electrical energy through the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel 30, or is used to generate propulsion for the spacecraft through an ion thruster.

[0057] The working principle of the magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device 300 is as follows: Figure 3 As shown:

[0058] The high-temperature plasma generated by fusion gradually cools down during the expansion and dispersion process. When the temperature of the plasma cools down to about 2000 degrees, it is introduced into the magnetic fluid power generation channel 30. The magnetic fluid power generation channel 30 has a strong magnetic field, which can convert the energy of the high-temperature plasma into electrical energy that is output steadily on the electrodes. Figure 3In a magnetohydrodynamic generator shown in the figure, when the plasma composed of charged particles passes through the magnetic field in the power generation channel, the charged particles therein are deflected in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic flux lines and the movement speed, forming a Faraday current. The charged particles moving in the direction of the Faraday current are further deflected when moving in the magnetic field, forming a Hall current along the direction of the high-speed plasma gas flow 32. When there is a need for space propulsion, it can be installed as follows Figure 3 The ion thruster 31 is shown. In an ion thruster, a high-speed plasma gas flow 32 passes through the auxiliary electric field of the grid area and is ejected at a speed of several thousand meters per second, generating propulsion power through recoil.

[0059] In the nuclear fusion power generation method of the present invention, when the thickness of the deuterium-helium fuel layer 3 is 0, that is, when there is no deuterium-helium fuel layer 3, the impact ignition method can be used to replace the central ignition method of the present invention. The impact ignition scheme requires a spike pulse to be loaded before the end of the ordinary central ignition laser main pulse, and a strong shock wave is generated by the collision of two shock waves in the hot spot, generating a huge pressure and density peak, thereby improving the fusion energy gain.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] like Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a laser fusion target capsule and a driving laser based on deuterium-helium fuel is given. The fusion target capsule 10 includes, from the inside to the outside, a deuterium-tritium gas layer 1, a lithium deuteride spherical shell layer, a deuterium-helium fuel layer 3, and a high-density carbon spherical shell layer 4; the purple curve in the figure represents the driving laser power waveform. The radius of the deuterium-tritium gas layer 1 is 1667μm, and the density is 0.0005g / cc; the thickness of the lithium deuteride spherical shell layer is 50μm, and the density is 0.9g / cc; the thickness of the deuterium-helium fuel layer 3 is 149.5μm, and the density is 0.254g / cc; the thickness of the high-density carbon spherical shell layer 4 is 16.8μm, and the density is 3.5g / cc; the outer radius of the fusion target capsule is 1883.3μm.

[0062] In the specific implementation process, the laser drives the spherical implosion of the target pellet. The driving laser has appropriate energy, power, waveform and irradiation uniformity after being optimized by machine learning algorithms. Figure 1 The purple trapezoid represents the driving laser, and the purple line shows the typical laser power waveform. The peak laser intensity on the target surface is no less than 300 terawatts per square centimeter, and the laser pulse duration is about 18 nanoseconds.

[0063] The fusion energy released by the simulation results is about 74 times the driving laser energy. During fusion, the average temperature of the deuterium-helium fuel layer can reach more than 70keV, the average temperature of the central gas can reach more than 170keV, and the average surface density of the target pellet fuel can reach more than 1.75g / cc. In terms of propulsion power, the energy that can be obtained from a single fusion is about 150MJ, and the propulsion power of 150MW can be obtained if at least one fusion is completed per second.

[0064] In summary, the present invention provides a fusion target capsule and a fusion power generation and propulsion system. The fusion power generation method provided by the present invention is based on the laser direct drive of deuterium-helium fuel. The laser direct drive scheme is used to realize the isentropic compression, implosion acceleration, retardation ignition and fusion energy release of the spherical fusion target capsule. First, the rocket effect driven by laser ablation causes the spherical fusion target capsule to be imploded and compressed, and the deuterium-tritium gas in the center of the target capsule is compressed to the fusion ignition state; secondly, the high-temperature combustion wave created by the deuterium-tritium fusion ignites the deuterium-helium fuel, releasing a large amount of fusion energy; then, the vacuum pump extracts the residual plasma in the fusion target chamber to the magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device, providing a clean laser transmission channel for the next laser fusion; finally, the magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device converts the energy released by pulsed fusion into stable output electrical energy, and can eject high-speed plasma gas flow to generate recoil momentum for space propulsion. In terms of fusion fuel cycle, deuterium fuel can be obtained through seawater extraction and reactor generation, tritium can be generated through fission or fusion reactors, and helium fuel can be obtained through accelerators, reactors and helium-rich celestial bodies such as the moon. Therefore, the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcomings in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.

[0065] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone familiar with the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed by the present invention shall still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser fusion target pellet, characterized in that: The fusion target pellet (10) is spherical and comprises, from inside to outside: Deuterium-tritium gas layer (1); a solid fusion material layer (2); Deuterium-helium fuel layer (3); High-density carbon spherical shell (4); Wherein, the solid fusion material layer (2) is selected from one of lithium deuteride, lithium borodeuteride, and lithium borodeuterium tritide.

2. The laser fusion target capsule according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radius of the fusion target pellet (10) is 1000-2000 μm.

3. The laser fusion target capsule according to claim 2, characterized in that: The radius of the deuterium-tritium gas layer (1) is 1000-1800 μm, and the density is 0.0001-0.001 g / cc.

4. The laser fusion target capsule according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the solid fusion material layer (2) is 20 to 200 μm.

5. The laser fusion target capsule according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the deuterium-helium fuel layer (3) is 0 to 500 μm; And / or, the density of the deuterium-helium fuel layer (3) is 0.1-0.3 g / cc. And / or, the thickness of the high-density carbon spherical shell layer (4) is 20 to 50 μm; And / or, the initial density of the high-density carbon spherical shell layer (4) is 3-4 g / cc.

6. A fusion power generation and propulsion system, characterized in that: include: A nuclear fusion generating device (100) and a magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device (300); The nuclear fusion generating device (100) comprises a fusion target capsule (10) as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, a laser emitter (11), a fusion target chamber (12), a reactor containment vessel (13) and a target capsule storage chamber (20); the target capsule storage chamber (20) is arranged at one end of the fusion target chamber (12), and is suitable for the fusion target capsule (10) to be ejected from the target capsule storage chamber (20) to the center of the fusion target chamber (12); the laser emitter (11) is arranged on the wall of the fusion target chamber (12), the laser emitted by the laser emitter (11) is focused on the center of the fusion target chamber (12), and the laser fusion target capsule (10) and the fusion target chamber (12) are both arranged in the reactor containment vessel (13); The magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device (300) comprises a magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel (30) and / or an ion thruster (31); the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel (30) is arranged to penetrate the fusion target chamber (12); the magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel (30) has a magnetic field, which is suitable for converting the energy of high-temperature plasma generated by fusion into electrical energy, and the ion thruster (31) is suitable for ejecting high-temperature plasma in the form of a high-speed plasma gas flow (32) to generate recoil propulsion power.

7. The fusion power generation and propulsion system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The fusion power generation and propulsion system also includes a vacuum pump device, which is suitable for extracting residual plasma in the fusion target chamber (12) to the magnetohydrodynamic power generation and propulsion device (300) to provide a clean laser transmission channel for the next laser fusion.

8. A fusion power generation and propulsion method based on the system according to any one of claims 6 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A fusion target capsule (10) is ejected from a target capsule storage chamber (20) to the center of a fusion target chamber at a certain frequency, and a multi-beam laser is used to focus and irradiate the fusion target capsule (10). The laser drives the fusion target capsule (10) to implode, so that a deuterium-tritium gas layer at the center of the fusion target capsule (10) undergoes fusion ignition, ignites a deuterium-helium fuel layer, and generates high-temperature plasma through fusion combustion. A magnetohydrodynamic power generation channel (30) converts the energy of the high-temperature plasma into electrical energy for stable output, and an ion thruster (31) ejects the high-temperature plasma in the form of a high-speed plasma gas flow (32) to generate recoil propulsion power.

9. The fusion power generation and propulsion method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The energy range of the laser is 1 to 10 MJ; And / or, the laser has a repetition rate of 1 to 100 Hz; And / or, the peak power of the laser is 100-500 TW.

10. The fusion power generation and propulsion method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The repetition frequency of the fusion is not less than 1 time per second.

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