A large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of big frequency ratio's dual-frequency dual-polarization full-metal phased array radar antenna, in each antenna unit, C band transceiving structure and S band transceiving structure are respectively arranged on metal base, and the azimuth of the two is arranged at right angles, C band transceiving structure is based on the smooth transition of the vertical polarization of electromagnetic wave and the required waveguide characteristic impedance of free space characteristic impedance based on three-stage transition's double-ridged waveguide horn structure, S band transceiving structure is based on the smooth transition of the horizontal polarization of electromagnetic wave and the required waveguide characteristic impedance of free space characteristic impedance based on three-stage transition's double-ridged waveguide horn structure, the center frequency point of C band transceiving structure operating frequency band is 6.6GHz, the center frequency point of S band transceiving structure operating frequency band is 2.2GHz;Advantages are capable of covering S band and C band, and have big frequency ratio, when being used in unmanned aerial vehicle system and weather radar, high stability connection and high efficiency data transmission can be realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a full-metal phased array radar antenna, in particular to a dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna with a large frequency ratio. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicle technology and the popularity of the Internet of Things, phased array radar antennas, as an advanced radar antenna, are widely used in radar and communication systems, adding new dimensions to the development of unmanned aerial vehicle systems.

[0003] In meteorological radar applications, the design of phased array antennas in the S-band and C-band is crucial for improving the detection accuracy and coverage of radar systems, while dual-polarized radar antennas can simultaneously receive horizontal and vertical direction echo signals, helping to improve the detection accuracy and reliability of radar. In the field of communication, the design of phased array antennas in the S-band and C-band can improve the stability of connection and data transmission efficiency of unmanned aerial vehicle systems with communication networks. Unmanned aerial vehicle systems equipped with dual-frequency dual-polarized phased array antennas can achieve more reliable communication links, providing important support for long-term tasks and emergency communication of unmanned aerial vehicle systems in remote areas.

[0004] The document "A Compact Dual-Band Dual-Polarized Antenna With Filtering Structures for Sub-6 GHz Base Station Applications" proposes a dual-frequency dual-polarized antenna with center frequencies at 2.6 GHz and 3.5 GHz. Although the antenna proposed in this document meets the requirements of dual-frequency dual-polarization, its frequency ratio is small and cannot cover the S-band and C-band, making it difficult to achieve high stability connection and high efficiency data transmission when applied to unmanned aerial vehicle systems and meteorological radars, which has great limitations. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna with a large frequency ratio, which can cover the S-band and C-band and achieve high stability connection and high efficiency data transmission when used in unmanned aerial vehicle systems and meteorological radars.

[0006] The application adopts the technical scheme for solving the above technical problems: a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization full-metal phased array radar antenna, comprising n*n antenna units, n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the n*n antenna units are arranged without interval in the form of n rows and n columns to form an antenna array; each of the antenna units comprises two metal coaxial probes, a metal base, a C-band transceiving structure and an S-band transceiving structure; the C-band transceiving structure and the S-band transceiving structure are arranged on the metal base respectively, and the two are arranged at right angles, and the two metal coaxial probes are called the first metal coaxial probe and the second metal coaxial probe respectively; the first metal coaxial probe is connected with the C-band transceiving structure, and the second metal coaxial probe is connected with the S-band transceiving structure; the C-band transceiving structure is realized based on a three-stage transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure, can realize vertical polarization of electromagnetic waves and smooth transition of free space characteristic impedance to required waveguide characteristic impedance, and through the setting of the spacing between the double ridges and the double-ridge position in the three-stage transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure, an impedance-matched transition area can be realized, so that the center frequency point of the working frequency band is 6.6 GHz; the S-band transceiving structure is realized based on a three-stage transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure, can realize horizontal polarization of electromagnetic waves and smooth transition of free space characteristic impedance to required waveguide characteristic impedance, and through the setting of the spacing between the double ridges and the double-ridge position in the three-stage transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure, an impedance-matched transition area can be realized, so that the center frequency point of the working frequency band is 2.2 GHz.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the application has the advantages that the antenna unit is composed of two metal coaxial probes, a metal base, a C-band transceiving structure and an S-band transceiving structure, the C-band transceiving structure realizes vertical polarization of electromagnetic waves and smooth transition of free space characteristic impedance to required waveguide characteristic impedance, and the center frequency point of the working frequency band is 6.6 GHz, the S-band transceiving structure realizes horizontal polarization of electromagnetic waves and smooth transition of free space characteristic impedance to required waveguide characteristic impedance, and the center frequency point of the working frequency band is 2.2 GHz, so that the maximum frequency ratio of the dual-frequency dual-polarization full-metal phased array radar antenna reaches 1:3; when the dual-frequency dual-polarization full-metal phased array radar antenna with a large frequency ratio realizes C-band and S-band transmission functions, in each antenna unit, the first metal coaxial probe transmits external C-band electromagnetic wave signals to the C-band transceiving structure, the second metal coaxial probe transmits external S-band electromagnetic wave signals to the S-band transceiving structure, the C-band transceiving structure vertically polarizes the C-band electromagnetic wave signals output to the C-band transceiving structure by the first metal coaxial probe, and C-band electromagnetic wave signals in the vertical polarization direction are radiated to free space, the S-band transceiving structure horizontally polarizes the S-band electromagnetic wave signals output to the S-band transceiving structure by the second metal coaxial probe, and S-band electromagnetic wave signals in the horizontal polarization direction are radiated to free space, realizing dual-frequency dual-polarization signal transmission; when the dual-frequency dual-polarization full-metal phased array radar antenna with a large frequency ratio realizes C-band and S-band receiving functions, the C-band transceiving structure radiates C-band electromagnetic wave signals in the vertical polarization direction to the C-band transceiving structure from free space, and through the three-level transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure in the C-band transceiving structure, the C-band electromagnetic wave signals are smoothly transitioned from the free space characteristic impedance to the required waveguide characteristic impedance and then transmitted to the first metal coaxial probe, the first metal coaxial probe outputs the C-band electromagnetic wave signals in the vertical polarization direction, which are transmitted to the C-band transceiving structure by the first metal coaxial probe, to a rear-end device, the S-band transceiving structure radiates S-band electromagnetic wave signals in the horizontal polarization direction to the S-band transceiving structure from free space, and through the three-level transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure in the S-band transceiving structure, the S-band electromagnetic wave signals are smoothly transitioned from the free space characteristic impedance to the required waveguide characteristic impedance and then transmitted to the second metal coaxial probe, the second metal coaxial probe outputs the S-band electromagnetic wave signals in the horizontal polarization direction, which are transmitted to the S-band transceiving structure by the second metal coaxial probe, to the rear-end device, realizing dual-frequency dual-polarization signal reception, so that the dual-frequency dual-polarization full-metal phased array radar antenna with a large frequency ratio realizes dual-frequency dual-polarization transceiving functions of the S-band and the C-band, and has a large frequency ratio, and when used in a UAV system and a weather radar, can realize high-stability connection and high-efficiency data transmission.

[0008] Further, the row direction of the antenna array is defined as the front-back direction, and the column direction is defined as the left-right direction; in each antenna unit, the metal base comprises a first metal block, a second metal block, a first hollow groove, a second hollow groove, a third hollow groove, a metal step and a metal connecting plate, the first metal block, the second metal block, the first hollow groove, the second hollow groove, the third hollow groove and the metal connecting plate are all cuboid structures, the length of the first metal block is along the front-back direction, the width is along the left-right direction, the height of the first metal block is along the up-down direction, the length of the first metal block is greater than its width, the plane that makes the first metal block symmetrical left and right is defined as the first symmetry plane, and the plane that makes the first metal block symmetrical front and back is defined as the second symmetry plane; the metal connecting plate is below the first metal block, and its length is along the front-back direction, the width is along the left-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction, the length of the metal connecting plate is equal to the length of the first metal block, the width is equal to the width of the first metal block, and the height is less than the height of the first metal block, the central axis of the metal connecting plate along the up-down direction is on the same line with the central axis of the first metal block along the up-down direction, the upper end surface of the metal connecting plate is connected with the lower end surface of the first metal block in a close state, the metal connecting plate is symmetrical left and right about the first symmetry plane, and the metal connecting plate is symmetrical front and back about the second symmetry plane.The first hollow groove, the second hollow groove and the third hollow groove are all arranged on the first metal block and all penetrate the first metal block from top to bottom, the first hollow groove has a length along the front-rear direction, a width along the left-right direction and a height along the top-bottom direction, the length is greater than the width, the length of the first hollow groove is equal to the length of the first metal block, the width is less than the width of the first metal block, the right end surface of the first hollow groove is located on the left side of the first symmetry surface and has a distance therefrom, the left end surface of the first hollow groove is located on the right side of the left end surface of the first metal block and has a distance therefrom, and the rear end surface of the first hollow groove is flush with the rear end surface of the first metal block, the second hollow groove has a length along the front-rear direction, a width along the left-right direction and a height along the top-bottom direction, the length is less than the width, the length of the second hollow groove is greater than the width of the first hollow groove, the left end surface of the second hollow groove is flush with the left end surface of the first metal block, the right end surface of the second hollow groove is in communication with the left end surface of the first hollow groove and is in abutted state, the front end surface of the second hollow groove is located on the front side of the second symmetry surface and has a distance therefrom, the rear end surface of the second hollow groove is located on the rear side of the second symmetry surface and has a distance therefrom, the distance from the front end surface of the second hollow groove to the second symmetry surface is greater than the distance from the rear end surface of the second hollow groove to the second symmetry surface, and the front end surface of the second hollow groove is located on the rear side of the front end surface of the first metal block and has a distance therefrom, the third hollow groove has a length along the front-rear direction, a width along the left-right direction and a height along the top-bottom direction, the length is less than the width, and the length is equal to the length of the second hollow groove, the left end surface of the third hollow groove is in communication with the right end surface of the first hollow groove and is in abutted state, the right end surface of the third hollow groove is flush with the right end surface of the first metal block, and the front end surface of the third hollow groove is located on the same plane as the front end surface of the second hollow groove, the second metal block has a length along the front-rear direction, a width along the left-right direction and a height along the top-bottom direction, the length is greater than the width, the second metal block is located above the first metal block, the left end surface of the second metal block is flush with the left end surface of the first metal block, the front end surface of the second metal block is flush with the front end surface of the first metal block, the lower end surface of the second metal block is connected with the upper end surface of the first metal block and is in abutted state, the rear end surface of the second metal block is located on the front side of the front end surface of the second hollow groove and has a distance therefrom, and the right end surface of the second metal block is located on the left side of the left end surface of the first hollow groove and has a distance therefrom.The metal ladder comprises a first ladder and a second ladder, the first ladder and the second ladder are cuboid structures, the length of each of the first ladder and the second ladder is along the front-back direction, the width of each of the first ladder and the second ladder is along the left-right direction, and the height of each of the first ladder and the second ladder is along the up-down direction, the length of each of the first ladder and the second ladder is less than the width of each of the first ladder and the second ladder, the right end surface of the first ladder is flush with the right end surface of the first metal block, the front end surface of the first ladder is flush with the front end surface of the first metal block, the lower end surface of the first ladder is connected with the upper end surface of the first metal block in a fit state, the left end surface of the first ladder is located on the right side of the right end surface of the first hollow groove, and there is a distance between the left end surface of the first ladder and the right end surface of the first hollow groove, the rear end surface of the first ladder is located on the front side of the front end surface of the third hollow groove, and there is a distance between the rear end surface of the first ladder and the front end surface of the third hollow groove, the height of the first ladder is equal to the height of the second metal block, the second ladder is located above the first ladder, the right end surface of the second ladder is flush with the right end surface of the first ladder, the front end surface of the second ladder is flush with the front end surface of the first ladder, the lower end surface of the second ladder is connected with the upper end surface of the first ladder in a fit state, the length of the second ladder is equal to the length of the first ladder, the width of the second ladder is less than the width of the first ladder, the height of the second ladder is equal to the height of the first ladder, and the distance from the plane where the left end surface of the first ladder is located to the left end surface of the second ladder is equal to the width of the second metal block.

[0009] Further, each of the antenna units, the C-band transceiver structure includes a first metal ridge, a second metal ridge, a third metal ridge, a fourth metal ridge and a fifth metal ridge, the first metal ridge, the second metal ridge, the third metal ridge, the fourth metal ridge and the fifth metal ridge are all cuboid structure, and its length is along the front and back direction, the width is along the left and right direction, the height is along the up and down direction, the length of the first metal ridge, the second metal ridge, the third metal ridge, the fourth metal ridge and the fifth metal ridge is equal, the first metal ridge is located above the second metal block, the length of the first metal ridge is greater than its width, its length is equal to the length of the second metal block, the width is less than the width of the second metal block, the height is equal to the height of the second level; the left end surface of the first metal ridge is flush with the left end surface of the second metal block, the front end surface of the first metal ridge is flush with the front end surface of the second metal block, the lower end surface of the first metal ridge is connected with the upper end surface of the second metal block, and is in the state of adhesion; the second metal ridge is located above the first level and left side of the second level, the right end surface of the second metal ridge is connected with the left end surface of the second level, and is in the state of adhesion, the left end surface of the second metal ridge is located on the right side of the plane where the left end surface of the first level is located, and there is a distance between them, the front end surface of the second metal ridge is flush with the front end surface of the second level, the lower end surface of the second metal ridge is connected with the upper end surface of the first level, and is in the state of adhesion; the height of the second metal ridge is equal to the height of the second level; the third metal ridge is located on the right side of the second metal block, the left end surface of the third metal ridge is connected with the right end surface of the second metal block, and is in the state of adhesion, the right end surface of the third metal ridge is located on the right side of the plane where the left end surface of the first hollow groove is located and on the left side of the plane where the right end surface of the first hollow groove is located, the front end surface of the third metal ridge is flush with the front end surface of the second metal block, the lower end surface of the third metal ridge is connected with the upper end surface of the first metal block, and is in the state of adhesion, the upper end surface of the third metal ridge is flush with the upper end surface of the second metal block;The fourth metal ridge is located at the left side of the first step, the right end surface of the fourth metal ridge is connected with the left end surface of the first step in a fit state, the left end surface of the fourth metal ridge is located at the right side of the plane where the right end surface of the first hollow groove is located, and a distance is present between the two, the front end surface of the fourth metal ridge is flush with the front end surface of the first step, the length of the fourth metal ridge is equal to the length of the first step, the height of the fourth metal ridge is equal to the height of the first step, the fifth metal ridge is arranged in the first hollow groove, the length of the fifth metal ridge is greater than its width, and the width of the fifth metal ridge is less than the width of the first hollow groove, the height of the fifth metal ridge is less than the height of the first hollow groove, the front end surface of the fifth metal ridge is flush with the front end surface of the first hollow groove, the upper end surface of the fifth metal ridge is flush with the upper end surface of the first hollow groove, the left end surface of the fifth metal ridge is away from the left end surface of the first hollow groove, the right end surface of the fifth metal ridge is away from the right end surface of the first hollow groove, the distance between the left end surface of the fifth metal ridge and the left end surface of the first hollow groove is less than the distance between the right end surface of the fifth metal ridge and the right end surface of the first hollow groove, the left end surface of the fifth metal ridge is located at the left side of the plane where the right end surface of the third metal ridge is located, and a distance is present between the two, the right end surface of the fifth metal ridge is located at the right side of the plane where the right end surface of the third metal ridge is located, and a distance is present between the two.

[0010] Further, in each of the antenna units, the S-band transceiving structure comprises a sixth metal ridge, a seventh metal ridge, an eighth metal ridge, a ninth metal ridge and a tenth metal ridge, the sixth metal ridge, the seventh metal ridge, the eighth metal ridge, the ninth metal ridge and the tenth metal ridge are all cuboid structures, and the lengths thereof are along the front-rear direction, the widths thereof are along the left-right direction, and the heights thereof are along the up-down direction.The sixth metal ridge is located at the back side of the second step, the length of the sixth metal ridge is greater than its width, the width of the sixth metal ridge is equal to the width of the second step, the height of the sixth metal ridge is equal to the height of the second step, the right end surface of the sixth metal ridge is flush with the right end surface of the second step, the front end surface of the sixth metal ridge is connected with the back end surface of the second step and is in a fit state, the lower end surface of the sixth metal ridge is flush with the lower end surface of the second step, the back end surface of the sixth metal ridge is located between the front end surface and the back end surface of the third hollow groove, the seventh metal ridge is located at the back side of the sixth metal ridge, the back end surface of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the back end surface of the first metal block, the right end surface of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the right end surface of the sixth metal ridge, the left end surface of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the left end surface of the sixth metal ridge, the lower end surface of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the lower end surface of the sixth metal ridge, the upper end surface of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the upper end surface of the sixth metal ridge, the front end surface of the seventh metal ridge is located at the back side of the plane where the back end surface of the third hollow groove is located and has a distance therebetween, the length of the seventh metal ridge is equal to the length of the sixth metal ridge, the eighth metal ridge is located at the lower side of the sixth metal ridge and at the back side of the first step, the length of the eighth metal ridge is greater than its width, the width of the eighth metal ridge is equal to the width of the sixth metal ridge, the height of the eighth metal ridge is equal to the height of the second metal block, the right end surface of the eighth metal ridge is flush with the right end surface of the first step, the front end surface of the eighth metal ridge is connected with the back end surface of the first step and is in a fit state, the lower end surface of the eighth metal ridge is flush with the lower end surface of the first step, the back end surface of the eighth metal ridge is located at the back side of the plane where the back end surface of the sixth metal ridge is located and at the front side of the plane where the back end surface of the third hollow groove is located, the ninth metal ridge is located at the lower side of the seventh metal ridge, the back end surface of the ninth metal ridge is flush with the back end surface of the first metal block, the right end surface of the ninth metal ridge is flush with the right end surface of the seventh metal ridge, the left end surface of the ninth metal ridge is flush with the left end surface of the eighth metal ridge, the upper end surface of the ninth metal ridge is connected with the lower end surface of the seventh metal ridge and is in a fit state, the lower end surface of the ninth metal ridge is connected with the upper end surface of the first metal block and is in a fit state, the front end surface of the ninth metal ridge is located at the back side of the plane where the back end surface of the third hollow groove is located and has a distance therebetween, the length of the ninth metal ridge is equal to the length of the eighth metal ridge.The tenth metal ridge is arranged in the third hollow groove, the length of the tenth metal ridge is less than its width, the length of the tenth metal ridge is less than the length of the third hollow groove, the height of the tenth metal ridge is less than the height of the third hollow groove, the width of the tenth metal ridge is less than the width of the third hollow groove, the right end surface of the tenth metal ridge is flush with the right end surface of the third hollow groove, the upper end surface of the tenth metal ridge is flush with the upper end surface of the third hollow groove, the distance from the front end surface of the tenth metal ridge to the front end surface of the third hollow groove is greater than the distance from the rear end surface of the tenth metal ridge to the rear end surface of the third hollow groove, the front end surface of the tenth metal ridge is located between the front end surface of the third hollow groove and the plane where the rear end surface of the eighth metal ridge is located, and the rear end surface of the tenth metal ridge is located between the plane where the rear end surface of the eighth metal ridge is located and the rear end surface of the third hollow groove.

[0011] Further, in each of the antenna units, each of the metal coaxial probes comprises a first cylinder and a second cylinder, the first cylinder is arranged in an axial direction along the up-down direction, the first cylinder is provided with a first through hole penetrating in the axial direction, the first through hole is coaxial with the first cylinder, the second cylinder is coaxially arranged through the first through hole, the radius of the second cylinder is equal to the radius of the first through hole, the lower end surface of the second cylinder is flush with the lower end surface of the first cylinder, and the upper end surface of the second cylinder is located above the plane where the upper end surface of the first cylinder is located; the metal connecting plate is provided with a second through hole and a third through hole penetrating in the up-down direction, the second through hole is located directly below the fifth metal ridge, the diameter of the second through hole and the diameter of the third through hole are equal to the diameter of the first cylinder, the upper part of the first cylinder of the first metal coaxial probe is embedded in the second through hole, the upper end surface of the second cylinder of the first metal coaxial probe is connected with the lower end surface of the fifth metal ridge in a close state, the third through hole is located directly below the tenth metal ridge, the upper part of the first cylinder of the second metal coaxial probe is embedded in the third through hole, and the upper end surface of the second cylinder of the second metal coaxial probe is connected with the lower end surface of the tenth metal ridge in a close state. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 isometric view of the large-frequency-ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization full-metal phased array radar antenna of the application Figure 1 ;

[0013] Figure 2 isometric view of the large-frequency-ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization full-metal phased array radar antenna of the application Figure 2 ;

[0014] Figure 3Figure 1 is a perspective view of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention Figure 3 ;

[0015] Figure 4 Figure 2 is a perspective view of an antenna unit of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0016] Figure 2 Figure 3 is a perspective view of an antenna unit of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention Figure 6 ;

[0017] Figure 7 Figure 4 is a perspective view of a metal base of an antenna unit of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention

[0018] Figure 8 Figure 5 is a perspective view of a metal connecting plate of an antenna unit of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention

[0019] Figure 9 Figure 6 is a front view of an antenna unit of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention

[0020] Figure 10 Figure 7 is a right view of an antenna unit of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention

[0021] Figures 1 to 3 Figure 8 is a structure view of a metal coaxial probe of an antenna unit of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention

[0022] Figure 11(a) is an E-plane scan plot of 4GHz under Co-pol of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention

[0023] Figure 11(b) is an E-plane scan plot of 4GHz under Co-pol of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention

[0024] Figure 11(c) is an H-plane scan plot of 4GHz under Co-pol of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention

[0025] Figure 11(d) is an H-plane scan plot of 4GHz under Xo-pol of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention

[0026] Figure 11(e) is an E-plane scan plot of 5.5GHz under Co-pol of a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention

[0027] Figure 11(f) is the E-plane scan of the high frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention at 5.5 GHz under Xo-pol;

[0028] Figure 11(g) is the H-plane scan of the high frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention at 5.5 GHz under Co-pol.

[0029] Figure 11(h) is the H-plane scan of the high frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention at 5.5 GHz under Xo-pol;

[0030] Figure 12(a) shows the scanning performance of the high frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention in the y'oz dimension at 4 GHz in the D plane.

[0031] Figure 12(b) shows the scanning performance of the high frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention in the x'oz dimension at 5.5 GHz in the D plane;

[0032] Figure 12(c) shows the scanning performance of the high frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention in the x'oz dimension at 4GHz in the D plane.

[0033] Figure 12(d) shows the y'oz dimension scanning performance of the high frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention at 5.5 GHz in the D plane;

[0034] Figure 13(a) shows the low-frequency efficiency and gain curves of the high-ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 13(b) shows the high-frequency efficiency and gain curves of the high-ratio dual-frequency dual-polarization all-metal phased array radar antenna of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0037] Example 1: As Figures 4 to 9As shown, a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized all-metal phased array radar antenna includes n*n antenna units 1, n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the n*n antenna units 1 are arranged without spacing in the form of n rows and n columns to form an antenna array; each antenna unit 1 includes two metal coaxial probes, a metal base, a C-band transceiving structure, and an S-band transceiving structure; the C-band transceiving structure and the S-band transceiving structure are respectively arranged on the metal base, and the two structures are arranged at right angles to each other, and the two metal coaxial probes are respectively referred to as a first metal coaxial probe 20 and a second metal coaxial probe 21; the first metal coaxial probe 20 is connected with the C-band transceiving structure, and the second metal coaxial probe 21 is connected with the S-band transceiving structure; the C-band transceiving structure is realized based on a three-stage transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure, can realize vertical polarization of electromagnetic waves and smooth transition of free space characteristic impedance to required waveguide characteristic impedance, and through setting the spacing between double ridges and the double-ridge positions in the three-stage transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure, an impedance-matched transition region can be realized, so that the center frequency point of the working frequency band is 6.6 GHz; the S-band transceiving structure is realized based on a three-stage transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure, can realize horizontal polarization of electromagnetic waves and smooth transition of free space characteristic impedance to required waveguide characteristic impedance, and through setting the spacing between double ridges and the double-ridge positions in the three-stage transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure, an impedance-matched transition region can be realized, so that the center frequency point of the working frequency band is 2.2 GHz.

[0038] In the embodiment, when the dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna with large frequency ratio realizes the transmitting function of C-band and S-band, in each antenna unit, the first metal coaxial probe 20 transmits the external C-band electromagnetic wave signal to the C-band transceiving structure, the second metal coaxial probe 21 transmits the external S-band electromagnetic wave signal to the S-band transceiving structure, the C-band transceiving structure vertically polarizes the C-band electromagnetic wave signal output to it by the first metal coaxial probe 20, generates C-band electromagnetic wave signal of vertical polarization direction, and radiates to the free space, the S-band transceiving structure horizontally polarizes the S-band electromagnetic wave signal output to it by the second metal coaxial probe 21, generates S-band electromagnetic wave signal of horizontal polarization direction, and radiates to the free space, realizing dual-frequency dual-polarized signal transmission; when the dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna with large frequency ratio realizes the receiving function of C-band and S-band, the C-band transceiving structure radiates the C-band electromagnetic wave signal of vertical polarization direction in the free space to it, through the three-level transition double-ridged waveguide horn structure in it, realizes the smooth transition from the characteristic impedance of free space to the required waveguide characteristic impedance, and then transmits to the first metal coaxial probe 20, the first metal coaxial probe 20 outputs the C-band electromagnetic wave signal of vertical polarization direction transmitted to it by the C-band transceiving structure to the rear-end device, the S-band transceiving structure radiates the S-band electromagnetic wave signal of vertical polarization direction in the free space to it, through the three-level transition double-ridged waveguide horn structure in it, realizes the smooth transition from the characteristic impedance of free space to the required waveguide characteristic impedance, and then transmits to the second metal coaxial probe 21, the second metal coaxial probe 21 outputs the S-band electromagnetic wave signal of horizontal polarization direction transmitted to it by the S-band transceiving structure to the rear-end device, realizing dual-frequency dual-polarized signal receiving, thereby realizing the dual-frequency dual-polarized transceiving function of S-band and C-band.

[0039] Embodiment two: the embodiment is basically the same as embodiment one, the difference is that in the embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the first metal coaxial probe 20 is connected to the C-band transceiving structure, and the second metal coaxial probe 21 is connected to the S-band transceiving structure. Figure 10As shown, the row direction of the antenna array is defined as the front-back direction, and the column direction is defined as the left-right direction; in each antenna unit 1, the metal base includes a first metal block 2, a second metal block 3, a first hollow groove 4, a second hollow groove 5, a third hollow groove 6, a metal ladder and a metal connecting plate 7, the first metal block 2, the second metal block 3, the first hollow groove 4, the second hollow groove 5, the third hollow groove 6 and the metal connecting plate 7 are all cuboid structures, the length of the first metal block 2 is along the front-back direction, the width is along the left-right direction, the height of the first metal block 2 is along the up-down direction, the length of the first metal block 2 is greater than its width, the plane that makes the first metal block 2 symmetrical left and right is called the first symmetry plane, and the plane that makes the first metal block 2 symmetrical front and back is called the second symmetry plane; the metal connecting plate 7 is located below the first metal block 2, and its length is along the front-back direction, the width is along the left-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction, the length of the metal connecting plate 7 is equal to the length of the first metal block 2, the width is equal to the width of the first metal block 2, and the height is less than the height of the first metal block 2, the central axis of the metal connecting plate 7 along the up-down direction is located on the same straight line as the central axis of the first metal block 2 along the up-down direction, the upper end surface of the metal connecting plate 7 is connected with the lower end surface of the first metal block 2 and is in a state of close contact, the metal connecting plate 7 is symmetrical left and right about the first symmetry plane, and symmetrical front and back about the second symmetry plane; the first hollow groove 4, the second hollow groove 5 and the third hollow groove 6 are all provided on the first metal block 2, and all penetrate the first metal block 2 up and down, the length of the first hollow groove 4 is along the front-back direction, the width is along the left-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction, and its length is greater than its width, the length of the first hollow groove 4 is equal to the length of the first metal block 2, and the width is less than the width of the first metal block 2, the right end surface of the first hollow groove 4 is located on the left side of the first symmetry plane, and there is a distance between them, the left end surface of the first hollow groove 4 is located on the right side of the left end surface of the first metal block 2, and there is a distance between them, the rear end surface of the first hollow groove 4 is flush with the rear end surface of the first metal block 2, the length of the second hollow groove 5 is along the front-back direction, the width is along the left-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction, and its length is less than its width, the length of the second hollow groove 5 is greater than the width of the first hollow groove 4, the left end surface of the second hollow groove 5 is flush with the left end surface of the first metal block 2, the right end surface of the second hollow groove 5 is communicated with the left end surface of the first hollow groove 4 and is in a state of close contact, the front end surface of the second hollow groove 5 is located on the front side of the second symmetry plane, and there is a distance between them, the rear end surface of the second hollow groove 5 is located on the rear side of the second symmetry plane, and there is a distance between them, the distance from the front end surface of the second hollow groove 5 to the second symmetry plane is greater than the distance from its rear end surface to the second symmetry plane, and the front end surface of the second hollow groove 5 is located on the rear side of the front end surface of the first metal block 2, and there is a distance between them.The third hollow groove 6 has a length along the front-rear direction, a width along the left-right direction, and a height along the up-down direction, the length is less than the width, the length is equal to the length of the second hollow groove 5, the left end surface of the third hollow groove 6 is in communication with and in abutment with the right end surface of the first hollow groove 4, the right end surface of the third hollow groove 6 is flush with the right end surface of the first metal block 2, and the front end surface of the third hollow groove 6 is in the same plane as the front end surface of the second hollow groove 5; the second metal block 3 has a length along the front-rear direction, a width along the left-right direction, and a height along the up-down direction, the length is greater than the width, the second metal block 3 is located above the first metal block 2, the left end surface of the second metal block 3 is flush with the left end surface of the first metal block 2, the front end surface of the second metal block 3 is flush with the front end surface of the first metal block 2, the lower end surface of the second metal block 3 is connected to and in abutment with the upper end surface of the first metal block 2, the rear end surface of the second metal block 3 is located in front of the front end surface of the second hollow groove 5, and there is a distance between the two, the right end surface of the second metal block 3 is located to the left of the left end surface of the first hollow groove 4, and there is a distance between the two; the metal ladder includes a first step 8 and a second step 9, both of which have a cuboid structure, a length along the front-rear direction, a width along the left-right direction, and a height along the up-down direction, the length of the first step 8 and the second step 9 is less than the width of the first step 8 and the second step 9, the right end surface of the first step 8 is flush with the right end surface of the first metal block 2, the front end surface of the first step 8 is flush with the front end surface of the first metal block 2, the lower end surface of the first step 8 is connected to and in abutment with the upper end surface of the first metal block 2, the left end surface of the first step 8 is located to the right of the right end surface of the first hollow groove 4, and there is a distance between the two, the rear end surface of the first step 8 is located in front of the front end surface of the third hollow groove 6, and there is a distance between the two, the height of the first step 8 is equal to the height of the second metal block 3, the second step 9 is located above the first step 8, the right end surface of the second step 9 is flush with the right end surface of the first step 8, the front end surface of the second step 9 is flush with the front end surface of the first step 8, the lower end surface of the second step 9 is connected to and in abutment with the upper end surface of the first step 8, the length of the second step 9 is equal to the length of the first step 8, the width of the second step 9 is less than the width of the first step 8, the height of the second step 9 is equal to the height of the first step 8, and the distance from the plane where the left end surface of the first step 8 is located to the left end surface of the second step 9 is equal to the width of the second metal block 3.

[0040] In the embodiment, the C-band transceiving structure in each antenna unit 1 comprises a first metal ridge 10, a second metal ridge 11, a third metal ridge 12, a fourth metal ridge 13 and a fifth metal ridge 14. The first metal ridge 10, the second metal ridge 11, the third metal ridge 12, the fourth metal ridge 13 and the fifth metal ridge 14 are all cuboid structures, and the length of each of them is along the front-back direction, the width is along the left-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction. The lengths of the first metal ridge 10, the second metal ridge 11, the third metal ridge 12, the fourth metal ridge 13 and the fifth metal ridge 14 are equal. The first metal ridge 10 is above the second metal block 3. The length of the first metal ridge 10 is greater than its width. The length of the first metal ridge 10 is equal to the length of the second metal block 3. The width of the first metal ridge 10 is less than the width of the second metal block 3. The height of the first metal ridge 10 is equal to the height of the second-stage step 9. The left end surface of the first metal ridge 10 is flush with the left end surface of the second metal block 3. The front end surface of the first metal ridge 10 is flush with the front end surface of the second metal block 3. The lower end surface of the first metal ridge 10 is connected to the upper end surface of the second metal block 3 and is in a state of adhesion. The second metal ridge 11 is above the first-stage step 8 and on the left side of the second-stage step 9. The right end surface of the second metal ridge 11 is connected to the left end surface of the second-stage step 9 and is in a state of adhesion. The left end surface of the second metal ridge 11 is on the right side of the plane on which the left end surface of the first-stage step 8 is located, and there is a distance between the two. The front end surface of the second metal ridge 11 is flush with the front end surface of the second-stage step 9. The lower end surface of the second metal ridge 11 is connected to the upper end surface of the first-stage step 8 and is in a state of adhesion. The height of the second metal ridge 11 is equal to the height of the second-stage step 9. The third metal ridge 12 is on the right side of the second metal block 3. The left end surface of the third metal ridge 12 is connected to the right end surface of the second metal block 3 and is in a state of adhesion. The right end surface of the third metal ridge 12 is on the right side of the plane on which the left end surface of the first hollow groove 4 is located and on the left side of the plane on which the right end surface of the first hollow groove 4 is located. The front end surface of the third metal ridge 12 is flush with the front end surface of the second metal block 3. The lower end surface of the third metal ridge 12 is connected to the upper end surface of the first metal block 2 and is in a state of adhesion. The upper end surface of the third metal ridge 12 is flush with the upper end surface of the second metal block 3.The fourth metal ridge 13 is located on the left side of the first step 8, the right end surface of the fourth metal ridge 13 is connected with the left end surface of the first step 8 in a fit state, the left end surface of the fourth metal ridge 13 is located on the right side of the plane where the right end surface of the first hollow groove 4 is located, and there is a distance between the two, the front end surface of the fourth metal ridge 13 is flush with the front end surface of the first step 8, the length of the fourth metal ridge 13 is equal to the length of the first step 8, the height of the fourth metal ridge 13 is equal to the height of the first step 8, the fifth metal ridge 14 is arranged in the first hollow groove 4, the length of the fifth metal ridge 14 is greater than its width, and the width of the fifth metal ridge 14 is less than the width of the first hollow groove 4, the height of the fifth metal ridge 14 is less than the height of the first hollow groove 4, the front end surface of the fifth metal ridge 14 is flush with the front end surface of the first hollow groove 4, the upper end surface of the fifth metal ridge 14 is flush with the upper end surface of the first hollow groove 4, the left end surface of the fifth metal ridge 14 is away from the left end surface of the first hollow groove 4, the right end surface of the fifth metal ridge 14 is away from the right end surface of the first hollow groove 4, the distance between the left end surface of the fifth metal ridge 14 and the left end surface of the first hollow groove 4 is less than the distance between the right end surface of the fifth metal ridge 14 and the right end surface of the first hollow groove 4, the left end surface of the fifth metal ridge 14 is located on the left side of the plane where the right end surface of the third metal ridge 12 is located, and there is a distance between the two, the right end surface of the fifth metal ridge 14 is located on the right side of the plane where the right end surface of the third metal ridge 12 is located, and there is a distance between the two.

[0041] In this embodiment, in each antenna unit 1, the S-band transceiving structure includes a sixth metal ridge 15, a seventh metal ridge 16, an eighth metal ridge 17, a ninth metal ridge 18 and a tenth metal ridge 19. The sixth metal ridge 15, the seventh metal ridge 16, the eighth metal ridge 17, the ninth metal ridge 18 and the tenth metal ridge 19 are all cuboid structures, and the lengths thereof are along the front-rear direction, the widths thereof are along the left-right direction, and the heights thereof are along the up-down direction. The sixth metal ridge 15 is located at the rear side of the second-stage ladder 9. The length of the sixth metal ridge 15 is greater than the width thereof, the width thereof is equal to the width of the second-stage ladder 9, and the height thereof is equal to the height of the second-stage ladder 9. The right end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15 is flush with the right end surface of the second-stage ladder 9. The front end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15 is connected with the rear end surface of the second-stage ladder 9 in a fit state. The lower end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15 is flush with the lower end surface of the second-stage ladder 9. The rear end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15 is located between the front end surface and the rear end surface of the third hollow groove 6. The seventh metal ridge 16 is located at the rear side of the sixth metal ridge 15. The rear end surface of the seventh metal ridge 16 is flush with the rear end surface of the first metal block 2. The right end surface of the seventh metal ridge 16 is flush with the right end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15. The left end surface of the seventh metal ridge 16 is flush with the left end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15. The lower end surface of the seventh metal ridge 16 is flush with the lower end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15. The upper end surface of the seventh metal ridge 16 is flush with the upper end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15. The front end surface of the seventh metal ridge 16 is located at the rear side of the plane where the rear end surface of the third hollow groove 6 is located, and there is a distance between the front end surface of the seventh metal ridge 16 and the rear end surface of the third hollow groove 6. The length of the seventh metal ridge 16 is equal to the length of the sixth metal ridge 15. The eighth metal ridge 17 is located below the sixth metal ridge 15 and at the rear side of the first-stage ladder 8. The length of the eighth metal ridge 17 is greater than the width thereof. The width of the eighth metal ridge 17 is equal to the width of the sixth metal ridge 15. The height of the eighth metal ridge 17 is equal to the height of the second metal block 3. The right end surface of the eighth metal ridge 17 is flush with the right end surface of the first-stage ladder 8. The front end surface of the eighth metal ridge 17 is connected with the rear end surface of the first-stage ladder 8 in a fit state. The lower end surface of the eighth metal ridge 17 is flush with the lower end surface of the first-stage ladder 8. The rear end surface of the eighth metal ridge 17 is located at the rear side of the plane where the rear end surface of the sixth metal ridge 15 is located and at the front side of the plane where the rear end surface of the third hollow groove 6 is located. The ninth metal ridge 18 is located below the seventh metal ridge 16. The rear end surface of the ninth metal ridge 18 is flush with the rear end surface of the first metal block 2. The right end surface of the ninth metal ridge 18 is flush with the right end surface of the seventh metal ridge 16. The left end surface of the ninth metal ridge 18 is flush with the left end surface of the eighth metal ridge 17. The upper end surface of the ninth metal ridge 18 is connected with the lower end surface of the seventh metal ridge 16 in a fit state. The lower end surface of the ninth metal ridge 18 is connected with the upper end surface of the first metal block 2 in a fit state. The front end surface of the ninth metal ridge 18 is located at the rear side of the plane where the rear end surface of the third hollow groove 6 is located, and there is a distance between the front end surface of the ninth metal ridge 18 and the rear end surface of the third hollow groove 6. The length of the ninth metal ridge 18 is equal to the length of the eighth metal ridge 17.The tenth metal ridge 19 is arranged in the third hollow groove 6. The length of the tenth metal ridge 19 is less than the width of the tenth metal ridge 19, the length of the tenth metal ridge 19 is less than the length of the third hollow groove 6, the height of the tenth metal ridge 19 is less than the height of the third hollow groove 6, the width of the tenth metal ridge 19 is less than the width of the third hollow groove 6, the right end surface of the tenth metal ridge 19 is flush with the right end surface of the third hollow groove 6, the upper end surface of the tenth metal ridge 19 is flush with the upper end surface of the third hollow groove 6, the distance from the front end surface of the tenth metal ridge 19 to the front end surface of the third hollow groove 6 is greater than the distance from the rear end surface of the tenth metal ridge 19 to the rear end surface of the third hollow groove 6, the front end surface of the tenth metal ridge 19 is located between the front end surface of the third hollow groove 6 and the plane where the rear end surface of the eighth metal ridge 17 is located, and the rear end surface of the tenth metal ridge 19 is located between the plane where the rear end surface of the eighth metal ridge 17 is located and the rear end surface of the third hollow groove 6.

[0042] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, each metal coaxial probe in each antenna unit comprises a first cylinder 22 and a second cylinder 23. The axial direction of the first cylinder 22 is along the up-down direction. An axial first through hole is arranged on the first cylinder 22. The first through hole is coaxial with the first cylinder 22. The second cylinder 23 is coaxially arranged through the first through hole. The radius of the second cylinder 23 is equal to the radius of the first through hole. The lower end surface of the second cylinder 23 is flush with the lower end surface of the first cylinder 22. The upper end surface of the second cylinder 23 is located above the plane where the upper end surface of the first cylinder 22 is located. ​ A second through hole 24 and a third through hole 25 are arranged on the metal connecting plate 7 and pass through the up-down direction. The second through hole is located directly below the fifth metal ridge 14. The diameter of the second through hole 24 and the diameter of the third through hole 25 are both equal to the diameter of the first cylinder 22. The upper part of the first cylinder 22 of the first metal coaxial probe 20 is embedded in the second through hole 24. The upper end surface of the second cylinder 23 of the first metal coaxial probe 20 is connected with the lower end surface of the fifth metal ridge 14 and is in a state of adhesion. The third through hole is located directly below the tenth metal ridge 19. The upper part of the first cylinder 22 of the second metal coaxial probe 21 is embedded in the third through hole 25. The upper end surface of the second cylinder 23 of the second metal coaxial probe 21 is connected with the lower end surface of the tenth metal ridge 19 and is in a state of adhesion.

[0043] In this embodiment, when the dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna with large frequency ratio realizes the C-band transmitting function, the first metal coaxial probe 20 accesses the external C-band electromagnetic wave signal and transmits it to the C-band transceiving structure. The C-band transceiving structure vertically polarizes the C-band electromagnetic wave signal transmitted to it, generates a vertically polarized C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the direction, and the fifth metal ridge 14 smoothly transmits the generated vertically polarized C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the direction to the gap between the third metal ridge 12 and the fourth metal ridge 13. The third metal ridge 12 and the fourth metal ridge 13 further expand the width of the waveguide through the gap therebetween, so that the vertically polarized C-band electromagnetic wave signal transmitted to the gap therebetween is more uniformly distributed, and at the same time, the electromagnetic wave signal is also transmitted to the gap between the first metal ridge 10 and the second metal ridge 11. The first metal ridge 10 and the second metal ridge 11 completely expand the waveguide to the required size of the horn opening, and at the same time, transmit the generated vertically polarized C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the direction to the free space through the gap therebetween.

[0044] When the dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna with large frequency ratio realizes the C-band receiving function, the C-band transceiving structure receives the vertically polarized C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the direction from the free space. The first metal ridge 10 and the second metal ridge 11 reduce the width of the waveguide through the gap therebetween, and transmit the received vertically polarized C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the direction to the gap between the third metal ridge 12 and the fourth metal ridge 13. The third metal ridge 12 and the fourth metal ridge 13 further reduce the width of the waveguide through the gap therebetween, and transmit the received vertically polarized C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the direction to the fifth metal ridge 14. The fifth metal ridge 14 transmits the received vertically polarized C-band electromagnetic wave signal in the direction to the first metal coaxial probe 20, and the first metal coaxial probe 20 transmits the C-band electromagnetic wave signal transmitted to it to the rear-end device.

[0045] When the dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna with large frequency ratio realizes the S-band transmitting function, the second metal coaxial probe 21 accesses the external S-band electromagnetic wave signal and transmits it to the S-band transceiving structure. The S-band transceiving structure horizontally polarizes the S-band electromagnetic wave signal transmitted to it, generating a horizontally polarized S-band electromagnetic wave signal. The tenth metal ridge 19 smoothly propagates the generated horizontally polarized S-band electromagnetic wave signal to the gap between the eighth metal ridge 17 and the ninth metal ridge 18. The eighth metal ridge 17 and the ninth metal ridge 18 further expand the waveguide width, making the horizontally polarized S-band electromagnetic wave signal transmitted to the gap between them more uniformly distributed, and also transmitting the electromagnetic wave signal to the gap between the sixth metal ridge 15 and the seventh metal ridge 16. The sixth metal ridge 15 and the seventh metal ridge 16 completely expand the waveguide to the required horn opening size, and also transmit the generated horizontally polarized S-band electromagnetic wave signal through the gap between them to the free space.

[0046] When the dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna with large frequency ratio realizes the S-band receiving function, the S-band transceiving structure receives the horizontally polarized S-band electromagnetic wave signal in the free space. The sixth metal ridge 15 and the seventh metal ridge 16 reduce the waveguide width through the gap between them, and transmit the received horizontally polarized S-band electromagnetic wave signal to the gap between the eighth metal ridge 17 and the ninth metal ridge 18. The eighth metal ridge 17 and the ninth metal ridge 18 further reduce the waveguide width through the gap between them, and transmit the received horizontally polarized S-band electromagnetic wave signal to the tenth metal ridge 19. The tenth metal ridge 19 transmits the received horizontally polarized S-band electromagnetic wave signal to the second metal coaxial probe 21, and the second metal coaxial probe 21 transmits the S-band electromagnetic wave signal transmitted to it to the rear-end equipment.

[0047] To verify the performance of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the application, the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the application is simulated, wherein the simulation data is as follows: the length of the first metal block 2 is 32 mm, the width is 30 mm, and the height is 10 mm; the length of the second metal block 3 is 4 mm, the width is 1 mm, and the height is 10 mm; the length of the first hollow slot 4 is 32 mm, the width is 6.1 mm, and the height is 10 mm; the length of the second hollow slot 5 is 6.98 mm, the width is 5.65 mm, and the height is 10 mm; the length of the third hollow slot 6 is 6.98 mm, the width is 18.25 mm, and the height is 10 mm; the length of the metal connecting plate 7 is 32 mm, the width is 30 mm, and the height is 1 mm; the length of the first level step 8 is 4 mm, the width is 10.1 mm, and the height is 10 mm; the length of the second level step 9 is 4 mm, the width is 8.7 mm, and the height is 10 mm; the length of the first metal ridge 10 is 4 mm, the width is 1 mm, and the height is 10 mm; the length of the second metal ridge 11 is 4 mm, the width is 1 mm, and the height is 10 mm; the length of the third metal ridge 12 is 4 mm, the width is 5.5 mm, and the height is 10 mm; the length of the fourth metal ridge 13 is 4 mm, the width is 5.5 mm, and the height is 10 mm; the length of the fifth metal ridge 14 is 4 mm, the width is 3.1 mm, and the height is 9 mm; the length of the sixth metal ridge 15 is 12.92 mm, the width is 8.7 mm, and the height is 10 mm; the length of the seventh metal ridge 16 is 12.92 mm, the width is 8.7 mm, and the height is 10 mm; the length of the eighth metal ridge 17 is 13.225 mm, the width is 8.7 mm, and the height is 10 mm; the length of the ninth metal ridge 18 is 13.225 mm, the width is 8.7 mm, and the height is 10 mm; the length of the tenth metal ridge 19 is 5.8 mm, the width is 8.7 mm, and the height is 9 mm; the diameter of the first cylinder is 1.6 mm; the diameter of the second cylinder is 0.7 mm, and a large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array antenna model composed of 7*7 antenna units working in C band vertically polarized and S band horizontally polarized is manufactured based on the simulation data for testing.The simulation and actual measurement scanning performance diagrams of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the application are shown in Figures 11(a), 11(b), 11(c), 11(d), 11(e), 11(f), 11(g), 11(h), 12(a), 12(b), 12(c), 12(d), 13(a) and 13(b), in which Figures 11(a), 11(b), 11(c), 11(d), 11(e), 11(f), 11(g), 11(h), 12(a), 12(b), 12(c), 12(d), Simulated represents the simulation result, and Mearsured represents the actual test result. As can be seen from the analysis of the simulation results in Figures 11(a), 11(b), 11(c), 11(d), 11(e), 11(f), 11(g), 11(h), 12(a), 12(b), 12(c), 12(d), the S-band of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the application is excited by 7*7 antenna units, the C-band is excited by 7*7 antenna units, scanning in each dimension can be from -60° to +60°, the cross-pole is better than 25dB at each frequency point, and the gain fluctuation is lower than 5.5dB, which shows that the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the application has excellent scanning capability. The gain and antenna efficiency diagrams of the S-band and C-band of the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the application when not scanning are shown in Figures 13(a) and 13(b). As can be seen from the analysis of Figures 13(a) and 13(b), the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the application has an efficiency greater than 90% and a gain better than 18dBi in the S-band and C-band, so it can be known that the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the application has high gain and high efficiency characteristics while covering the S-band and C-band.

[0048] In summary, the large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna of the application can cover the S-band and C-band and has large frequency ratio, high gain and high efficiency characteristics, and when used in the unmanned aerial vehicle system and weather radar, it can realize high stability connection and high efficiency data transmission, and has wide application prospects in the unmanned aerial vehicle system and weather radar.

Claims

1. A large frequency ratio dual-frequency dual-polarized all-metal phased array radar antenna, comprising n*n antenna units arranged without spacing in an n row n column manner to form an antenna array, n being an integer greater than or equal to 2; characterized in that Each antenna unit comprises two metal coaxial probes, a metal base, a C-band transceiving structure and an S-band transceiving structure; the C-band transceiving structure and the S-band transceiving structure are arranged on the metal base and are arranged at right angles to each other, and the two metal coaxial probes are referred to as a first metal coaxial probe and a second metal coaxial probe; the first metal coaxial probe is connected with the C-band transceiving structure, and the second metal coaxial probe is connected with the S-band transceiving structure; the C-band transceiving structure is realized based on a three-stage transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure, can realize vertical polarization of electromagnetic waves and smooth transition of a free space characteristic impedance to a required waveguide characteristic impedance, and through setting of a spacing between double ridges and double-ridge positions in the three-stage transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure, an impedance-matched transition region can be realized, so that a center frequency point of a working frequency band is 6.6 GHz; The S-band transceiving structure is realized based on a three-stage transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure, can realize horizontal polarization of electromagnetic waves and smooth transition of a free space characteristic impedance to a required waveguide characteristic impedance, and through setting of a spacing between double ridges and double-ridge positions in the three-stage transition double-ridge waveguide horn structure, an impedance-matched transition region can be realized, so that a center frequency point of a working frequency band is 2.2 GHz; The row direction of the antenna array is defined as the front-back direction, and the column direction is defined as the left-right direction; in each antenna unit, the metal base includes a first metal block, a second metal block, first to third hollow grooves, a metal step and a metal connecting plate, the first metal block, the second metal block, the first to third hollow grooves and the metal connecting plate are all cuboid structures, the length of the first metal block and the metal connecting plate is along the front-back direction, the width is along the left-right direction, the height of the first metal block is along the up-down direction, the length of the first metal block is greater than the width, a plane that makes the first metal block symmetrical left and right is defined as a first symmetry plane, and a plane that makes the first metal block symmetrical front and back is defined as a second symmetry plane; the metal connecting plate is below the first metal block and in a close state, the length of the metal connecting plate is equal to the length of the first metal block, the width is equal to the width of the first metal block, and the height is less than the height of the first metal block, the central axis of the metal connecting plate and the first metal block is in the same line along the up-down direction, the metal connecting plate is symmetrical left and right about the first symmetry plane and symmetrical front and back about the second symmetry plane; the first to third hollow grooves are all vertically and longitudinally provided on the first metal block, the length of the first to third hollow grooves is along the front-back direction, the width is along the left-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction, the length of the first hollow groove is greater than the width, and the length is equal to the length of the first metal block, and the width is less than the width of the first metal block; the right end surface of the first hollow groove is on the left side of the first symmetry plane and has a distance therefrom, the left end surface is on the right side of the left end surface of the first metal block and has a distance therefrom, and the back end surface is flush with the back end surface of the first metal block; the length of the second hollow groove is less than the width, and greater than the width of the first hollow groove; the left end surface of the second hollow groove is flush with the left end surface of the first metal block, the right end surface is in communication with the left end surface of the first hollow groove and in a close state, the front end surface is on the front side of the second symmetry plane and has a distance therefrom, the back end surface is on the back side of the second symmetry plane and has a distance therefrom; the distance from the front end surface of the second hollow groove to the second symmetry plane is greater than the distance from the back end surface to the second symmetry plane, and the front end surface of the second hollow groove is on the back side of the front end surface of the first metal block and has a distance therefrom; the length of the third hollow groove is less than the width, and the length is equal to the length of the second hollow groove; the left end surface of the third hollow groove is in communication with the right end surface of the first hollow groove and in a close state, the right end surface is flush with the right end surface of the first metal block, and the front end surface is on the same plane as the front end surface of the second hollow groove; the length of the second metal block is along the front-back direction, the width is along the left-right direction, the height is along the up-down direction, and the length is greater than the width, and the second metal block is above the first metal block; the left end surface of the second metal block is flush with the left end surface of the first metal block, the front end surface is flush with the front end surface of the first metal block, the lower end surface is connected with the upper end surface of the first metal block and in a close state, the back end surface is on the front side of the front end surface of the second hollow groove and has a distance therefrom, the right end surface is on the left side of the left end surface of the first hollow groove and has a distance therefrom.The metal ladder comprises a first ladder and a second ladder, both of which are cuboid structures, the length of each of which is along the front-back direction, the width of each of which is along the left-right direction, the height of each of which is along the up-down direction, and the length of each of the first ladder and the second ladder is smaller than the width thereof; the right end face of the first ladder is flush with the right end face of the first metal block, the front end face is flush with the front end face of the first metal block, the lower end face is connected with the upper end face of the first metal block in a fit state, the left end face is located at the right side of the right end face of the first hollow groove and has a distance therebetween, and the rear end face is located at the front side of the front end face of the third hollow groove and has a distance therebetween; the height of the first ladder is equal to the height of the second metal block, and the second ladder is located above the first ladder; the right end face of the second ladder is flush with the right end face of the first ladder, the front end face is flush with the front end face of the first ladder, and the lower end face is connected with the upper end face of the first ladder in a fit state, the length of the second ladder is equal to the length of the first ladder, the width of the second ladder is smaller than the width of the first ladder, the height of the second ladder is equal to the height of the first ladder, and the distance from the plane where the left end face of the first ladder is located to the left end face of the second ladder is equal to the width of the second metal block. In each antenna unit, the C-band transceiving structure comprises a first metal ridge to a fifth metal ridge, each of the first metal ridge to the fifth metal ridge is a cuboid structure, and the length of each of the first metal ridge to the fifth metal ridge is along the front-rear direction, the width is along the left-right direction, and the height is along the up-down direction; the lengths of the first metal ridge to the fifth metal ridge are equal, the first metal ridge is above the second metal block, the length of the first metal ridge is greater than its width, the length of the first metal ridge is equal to the length of the second metal block, the width of the first metal ridge is less than the width of the second metal block, and the height of the first metal ridge is equal to the height of the second-stage ladder; the left end face of the first metal ridge is flush with the left end face of the second metal block, the front end face is flush with the front end face of the second metal block, and the lower end face is connected with the upper end face of the second metal block and in a state of adhesion; the second metal ridge is above the first-stage ladder and on the left side of the second-stage ladder, the right end face of the second metal ridge is connected with the left end face of the second-stage ladder and in a state of adhesion, the left end face is on the right side of the plane where the left end face of the first-stage ladder is located, and there is a distance between the left end face of the second metal ridge and the left end face of the first-stage ladder, the front end face is flush with the front end face of the second-stage ladder, and the lower end face is connected with the upper end face of the first-stage ladder and in a state of adhesion; the height of the second metal ridge is equal to the height of the second-stage ladder; the third metal ridge is on the right side of the second metal block, the left end face of the third metal ridge is connected with the right end face of the second metal block and in a state of adhesion, the right end face is on the right side of the plane where the left end face of the first hollow groove is located and on the left side of the plane where the right end face of the first hollow groove is located, the front end face is flush with the front end face of the second metal block, the lower end face is connected with the upper end face of the first metal block and in a state of adhesion, and the upper end face is flush with the upper end face of the second metal block; the fourth metal ridge is on the left side of the first-stage ladder, the right end face of the fourth metal ridge is connected with the left end face of the first-stage ladder and in a state of adhesion, the left end face is on the right side of the plane where the right end face of the first hollow groove is located, and there is a distance between the left end face of the fourth metal ridge and the right end face of the first hollow groove, and the front end face is flush with the front end face of the first-stage ladder; the length of the fourth metal ridge is equal to the length of the first-stage ladder, the height of the fourth metal ridge is equal to the height of the first-stage ladder, the fifth metal ridge is arranged in the first hollow groove, the length of the fifth metal ridge is greater than its width, the width of the fifth metal ridge is less than the width of the first hollow groove, and the height of the fifth metal ridge is less than the height of the first hollow groove; the front end face of the fifth metal ridge is flush with the front end face of the first hollow groove, the upper end face is flush with the upper end face of the first hollow groove, and the left end face is away from the left end face of the first hollow groove by a distance; the right end face of the fifth metal ridge is away from the right end face of the first hollow groove by a distance, the distance between the left end face of the fifth metal ridge and the left end face of the first hollow groove is less than the distance between the right end face of the fifth metal ridge and the right end face of the first hollow groove, the left end face of the fifth metal ridge is on the left side of the plane where the right end face of the third metal ridge is located and away from the right end face of the third metal ridge by a distance, and the right end face of the fifth metal ridge is on the right side of the plane where the right end face of the third metal ridge is located and away from the right end face of the third metal ridge by a distance.

2. The dual-band dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna with large frequency ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that In each antenna unit, the S-band transceiving structure comprises a sixth metal ridge, a seventh metal ridge, an eighth metal ridge, a ninth metal ridge and a tenth metal ridge, the sixth metal ridge, the seventh metal ridge, the eighth metal ridge, the ninth metal ridge and the tenth metal ridge are all cuboid structures, and the lengths thereof are along the front-rear direction, the widths thereof are along the left-right direction, and the heights thereof are along the up-down direction; the sixth metal ridge is located at the rear side of the second-stage ladder, the length of the sixth metal ridge is greater than the width thereof, the width of the sixth metal ridge is equal to the width of the second-stage ladder, the height of the sixth metal ridge is equal to the height of the second-stage ladder, the right end face of the sixth metal ridge is flush with the right end face of the second-stage ladder, the front end face of the sixth metal ridge is connected with the rear end face of the second-stage ladder and is in an abutting state, the lower end face of the sixth metal ridge is flush with the lower end face of the second-stage ladder, the rear end face of the sixth metal ridge is located between the front end face and the rear end face of the third hollow groove, the seventh metal ridge is located at the rear side of the sixth metal ridge, the rear end face of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the rear end face of the first metal block, the right end face of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the right end face of the sixth metal ridge, the left end face of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the left end face of the sixth metal ridge, the lower end face of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the lower end face of the sixth metal ridge, the upper end face of the seventh metal ridge is flush with the upper end face of the sixth metal ridge, the front end face of the seventh metal ridge is located at the rear side of the plane where the rear end face of the third hollow groove is located, and there is a distance between the front end face of the seventh metal ridge and the rear end face of the third hollow groove, the length of the seventh metal ridge is equal to the length of the sixth metal ridge, the eighth metal ridge is located below the sixth metal ridge and at the rear side of the first-stage ladder, the length of the eighth metal ridge is greater than the width thereof, the width of the eighth metal ridge is equal to the width of the sixth metal ridge, the height of the eighth metal ridge is equal to the height of the second metal block, the right end face of the eighth metal ridge is flush with the right end face of the first-stage ladder, the front end face of the eighth metal ridge is connected with the rear end face of the first-stage ladder and is in an abutting state, the lower end face of the eighth metal ridge is flush with the lower end face of the first-stage ladder, the rear end face of the eighth metal ridge is located at the rear side of the plane where the rear end face of the sixth metal ridge is located and at the front side of the plane where the rear end face of the third hollow groove is located, the ninth metal ridge is located below the seventh metal ridge, the rear end face of the ninth metal ridge is flush with the rear end face of the first metal block, the right end face of the ninth metal ridge is flush with the right end face of the seventh metal ridge, the left end face of the ninth metal ridge is flush with the left end face of the eighth metal ridge, the upper end face of the ninth metal ridge is connected with the lower end face of the seventh metal ridge and is in an abutting state, the lower end face of the ninth metal ridge is connected with the upper end face of the first metal block and is in an abutting state, the front end face of the ninth metal ridge is located at the rear side of the plane where the rear end face of the third hollow groove is located, and there is a distance between the front end face of the ninth metal ridge and the rear end face of the third hollow groove, and the length of the ninth metal ridge is equal to the length of the eighth metal ridge.The tenth metal ridge is disposed in the third hollow groove. The length of the tenth metal ridge is less than its width, and the length of the tenth metal ridge is less than the length of the third hollow groove, the height of the tenth metal ridge is less than the height of the third hollow groove, and the width of the tenth metal ridge is less than the width of the third hollow groove. The right end surface of the tenth metal ridge is flush with the right end surface of the third hollow groove, the upper end surface of the tenth metal ridge is flush with the upper end surface of the third hollow groove, the distance from the front end surface of the tenth metal ridge to the front end surface of the third hollow groove is greater than the distance from the back end surface of the tenth metal ridge to the back end surface of the third hollow groove, the front end surface of the tenth metal ridge is located between the front end surface of the third hollow groove and the plane where the back end surface of the eighth metal ridge is located, and the back end surface of the tenth metal ridge is located between the plane where the back end surface of the eighth metal ridge is located and the back end surface of the third hollow groove.

3. The dual-band dual-polarized full-metal phased array radar antenna with large frequency ratio according to claim 2, characterized in that Each metal coaxial probe in each antenna unit comprises a first cylinder and a second cylinder, the axial direction of the first cylinder is along the up-down direction, a first through hole penetrating in the axial direction is arranged on the first cylinder, the first through hole is coaxial with the first cylinder, the second cylinder passes through the first through hole coaxially, the radius of the second cylinder is equal to the radius of the first through hole, the lower end surface of the second cylinder is flush with the lower end surface of the first cylinder, and the upper end surface of the second cylinder is located above the plane where the upper end surface of the first cylinder is located; a second through hole and a third through hole penetrating in the up-down direction are arranged on the metal connecting plate, the second through hole is located directly below the fifth metal ridge, the diameter of the second through hole and the diameter of the third through hole are both equal to the diameter of the first cylinder, the upper part of the first cylinder of the first metal coaxial probe is embedded into the second through hole, the upper end surface of the second cylinder of the first metal coaxial probe is connected with the lower end surface of the fifth metal ridge in a state of adhesion, the third through hole is located directly below the tenth metal ridge, the upper part of the first cylinder of the second metal coaxial probe is embedded into the third through hole, and the upper end surface of the second cylinder of the second metal coaxial probe is connected with the lower end surface of the tenth metal ridge in a state of adhesion.

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