Safety discharge management system of lithium battery pack

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of management and protection of a lithium battery pack, and discloses a safe discharge management system of a lithium battery pack, comprising a sensing module which is mainly used for detecting a battery state; the self-adaptive module is mainly used for performing dynamic adjustment according to the actual use condition and historical data of the battery; the early warning module is mainly used for analyzing sensor data, external environment information and battery historical data, identifying potential faults in advance and adopting preventive measures to optimize the module, fine control over the discharging depth of the battery pack is achieved, the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the discharging efficiency of the battery is improved. According to the invention, through the optimization module, the system can establish an accurate battery discharge model, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is adopted to dynamically adjust the discharge model. Therefore, the control precision of the discharge depth of the battery is improved, and uniform discharge of the battery pack under different load conditions is ensured, so that the service life of the battery is prolonged, and the discharge efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of management and protection of lithium battery packs, and in particular to a safe discharge management system for lithium battery packs. Background Art

[0002] A lithium battery pack is a whole composed of multiple lithium-ion batteries (usually called battery cells or single cells) connected in series or parallel to provide higher voltage and capacity. Lithium battery packs are widely used in electric vehicles, energy storage systems, electronic products and other fields that require high energy density and long service life. With the widespread application of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles, energy storage systems and portable devices, the safe discharge management of battery packs has become an important research topic.

[0003] Traditional battery management systems can usually only monitor basic battery parameters, such as voltage and current, and lack comprehensive monitoring of the battery status. In addition, traditional battery management systems often cannot adapt to changes in battery performance under different usage scenarios, resulting in inefficient battery use and shortened battery life. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to remedy the above deficiencies, the present invention provides a safe discharge management system for a lithium battery pack, aiming to improve the problem mentioned in the prior art that "traditional battery management systems can usually only monitor basic battery parameters, such as voltage and current, and lack comprehensive monitoring of the battery status."

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a safe discharge management system for a lithium battery pack, comprising:

[0006] Sensor module: mainly used to detect battery status;

[0007] Adaptive module: mainly makes dynamic adjustments based on the actual battery usage and historical data;

[0008] Early warning module: mainly analyzes sensor data, external environment information and battery history data to identify potential failures in advance and take preventive measures

[0009] Optimization module: realizes fine control of the discharge depth of the battery pack and improves the battery life and discharge efficiency;

[0010] Redundancy module: mainly improves the reliability and safety of the system and ensures that the system can still operate normally when key components fail;

[0011] Protection module: ensures the safety of the battery under various abnormal conditions;

[0012] Remote module: facilitates user operation and management, and improves the operability and convenience of the system;

[0013] The sensing module, adaptive module, early warning module, optimization module, redundancy module, protection module and remote module are connected through communication.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0015] The sensing module includes but is not limited to a voltage sensing unit, a current sensing unit, a temperature and humidity sensing unit, a chemical sensing unit, a pressure sensing unit and a vibration sensing unit. The voltage sensing unit is used to monitor the voltage value of each battery cell, the current sensing unit is used to monitor the charge and discharge current of the battery pack, and a Hall effect current sensor is used. The temperature and humidity sensing unit is used to monitor the temperature and humidity distribution of the battery pack. A sensor combining a thermocouple and a thermistor is used to realize temperature monitoring of different positions of the battery pack. The chemical sensing unit is used to monitor the chemical composition changes of the battery electrolyte. The pressure sensing unit is used to monitor the pressure changes inside the battery cell. The vibration sensing unit is used to monitor the vibration conditions of the battery pack during operation. A vibration sensor combining an accelerometer and a gyroscope is used to monitor the vibration frequency and amplitude of the battery pack in real time. All of the above-mentioned units are installed inside each battery cell and connected through a .arg type interface.

[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0017] The adaptive module includes a data processing unit, an adaptive algorithm unit and a dynamic adjustment unit. The data processing unit mainly obtains data including but not limited to a voltage sensing unit, a current sensing unit, a temperature and humidity sensing unit, a chemical sensing unit, a pressure sensing unit and a vibration sensing unit. The adaptive algorithm unit mainly processes and analyzes the data through a neural network model to identify the performance changes of the battery in different usage scenarios. The dynamic adjustment unit dynamically adjusts the discharge parameters mainly according to the current load conditions and battery status. For example, when the battery pack is in a high load state, the algorithm will automatically reduce the discharge depth to prevent the battery from over-discharging.

[0018] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0019] The early warning module includes a multimodal data fusion unit, a fault detection unit and a prevention unit. The multimodal data fusion unit adopts data fusion technology to comprehensively analyze different types of sensor data to improve the accuracy of fault detection. The data fusion algorithm includes but is not limited to data fusion based on Kalman filtering, data fusion based on Bayesian theory and data fusion based on neural network. The fault detection unit has multiple fault detection functions, including but not limited to overvoltage detection, overcurrent detection, temperature rise detection, short circuit detection and electrolyte leakage detection. The prevention unit is mainly used to generate corresponding preventive measures according to the type and severity of the fault.

[0020] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0021] The optimization module includes a battery discharge unit, an optimization algorithm unit and a load balancing unit. The battery discharge unit establishes an accurate battery discharge model, which can predict the discharge behavior of the battery according to the chemical characteristics, use environment and load requirements of the battery. The optimization algorithm unit adjusts the discharge model through an optimization algorithm to achieve fine control of the discharge depth of the battery pack. The optimization algorithm includes but is not limited to a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm and a gradient descent algorithm. The load balancing unit supports a load balancing function, which evenly distributes the load to each battery unit through an intelligent algorithm to ensure the uniformity and stability of the battery pack during the discharge process.

[0022] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0023] The redundant module includes a sensor redundant unit, a control module redundant unit and a communication module redundant unit. The sensor redundant unit is mainly provided with a backup for the above-mentioned sensor unit. Once the main sensor fails, the backup sensor can quickly take over to ensure the continuity and reliability of the data. The control module redundant unit sets a backup for the core control module of the system. When the main control module fails, the backup module can be started immediately to ensure the normal operation of the system. The two control modules perform real-time data synchronization through a high-speed communication network. Once the main module fails, the backup module can take over seamlessly to ensure the continuity of the system.

[0024] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0025] The communication module redundancy unit adopts a dual-network redundancy design. Even if one network fails, the other network can still maintain the communication capability of the system. The communication network includes a wired network and a wireless network. The wired network adopts a high-speed CAN bus, and the wireless network adopts high-bandwidth communication technologies such as G.

[0026] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0027] The protection module includes an overvoltage protection unit, an overcurrent protection unit, a temperature control protection unit, a short circuit protection unit and an abnormality detection unit. The overvoltage protection unit is mainly used for when the battery voltage exceeds a preset threshold, the system will automatically cut off the discharge circuit to prevent the battery from being damaged by overvoltage. The overvoltage protection mechanism includes a hardware overvoltage protection circuit and a software overvoltage protection algorithm. The double protection ensures the reliability of the system. The overcurrent protection unit is mainly used for when the battery current exceeds a safety threshold, the system will automatically limit the discharge current to ensure battery safety. The overcurrent protection mechanism includes a hardware overcurrent protection circuit and a software overcurrent protection algorithm to prevent current overload through real-time monitoring and rapid response.

[0028] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0029] The temperature control protection unit monitors the battery temperature in real time through the temperature and humidity sensing unit. When the temperature is too high, the system will start the heat dissipation device to reduce the battery temperature and prevent thermal runaway. The short-circuit protection unit detects the short circuit of the battery through current and voltage sensors. The abnormality detection unit includes but is not limited to voltage mutation detection, current mutation detection and temperature abnormality detection, ensuring that the system can detect and handle various abnormal situations in a timely manner.

[0030] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0031] The remote module includes a user interface unit and a remote monitoring unit. The user interface unit mainly allows users to monitor the battery status in real time, view system alarm information and historical data through the interface. The remote monitoring unit mainly allows users to manage the system in real time through the Internet. The remote monitoring module has data transmission and receiving functions, and can transmit battery status data and alarm information in real time to help users take timely measures.

[0032] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. In the present invention, the system can establish an accurate battery discharge model through the optimization module, and dynamically adjust the discharge model using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. This not only improves the control accuracy of the battery discharge depth, but also ensures the uniform discharge of the battery pack under different load conditions, thereby extending the battery life and improving the discharge efficiency.

[0034] 2. In the present invention, different types of sensor data are comprehensively analyzed through multimodal data fusion technology to improve the accuracy of fault detection. The fault detection unit has multiple fault detection functions to increase the fault tolerance of detection. The prevention unit generates corresponding preventive measures according to the type and severity of the fault, thereby effectively avoiding the occurrence of potential faults and improving the safety of the system.

[0035] 3. In the present invention, by setting up backup units in sensors, control modules and communication modules, it is ensured that the system can still operate normally when key components fail. In addition, the sensor redundancy unit 501 can quickly take over when the main sensor fails to ensure the continuity and reliability of the data. The control module redundancy unit sets a backup for the core control module to achieve seamless switching when the main module fails. The communication module redundancy unit adopts a dual-network redundancy design. Even if one network fails, the other network can still maintain the communication capability of the system, reducing the risk of system failure due to single point failure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a module framework of a safe discharge management system for a lithium battery pack in the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a sensor module framework for a safe discharge management system of a lithium battery pack in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of an adaptive module framework of a safe discharge management system for a lithium battery pack in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of an early warning module of a safe discharge management system for a lithium battery pack in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of an optimized module framework of a safe discharge management system of a lithium battery pack in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a redundant module framework of a safe discharge management system for a lithium battery pack in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a protection module framework of a safe discharge management system for a lithium battery pack in the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the remote module framework of a safe discharge management system of a lithium battery pack in the present invention.

[0044] Legend:

[0045] 1. Sensing module; 2. Adaptive module; 3. Early warning module; 4. Optimization module; 5. Redundancy module; 6. Protection module; 7. Remote module; 101. Voltage sensing unit; 102. Current sensing unit; 103. Temperature and humidity sensing unit; 104. Chemical sensing unit; 105. Pressure sensing unit; 106. Vibration sensing unit; 201. Data processing unit; 202. Adaptive algorithm unit; 203. Dynamic adjustment unit; 301. Multimodal data fusion unit; 302. Adaptive algorithm unit; 303. Dynamic adjustment unit; 304. Multimodal data fusion unit; 305. 02, fault detection unit; 303, prevention unit; 401, battery discharge unit; 402, optimization algorithm unit; 403, load balancing unit; 501, sensor redundancy unit; 502, control module redundancy unit; 503, communication module redundancy unit; 601, overvoltage protection unit; 602, overcurrent protection unit; 603, temperature control protection unit; 604, short circuit protection unit; 605, abnormality detection unit; 701, user interface unit; 702, remote monitoring unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Example

[0048] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 8The present invention provides a safe discharge management system for a lithium battery pack, including: a sensor module 1, an adaptive module 2, an early warning module 3, an optimization module 4, a redundant module 5, a protection module 6 and a remote module 7. The modules are connected by communication. The sensor module 1 is mainly used to detect the battery status. Specifically, the sensor module 1 includes but is not limited to a voltage sensor unit 101, a current sensor unit 102, a temperature and humidity sensor unit 103, a chemical sensor unit 104, a pressure sensor unit 105 and a vibration sensor unit 106. The voltage sensor unit 101 is used to monitor the voltage value of each battery cell, and the current sensor unit 102 is used to monitor the charge and discharge current of the battery pack. A Hall effect current sensor is used, and the temperature and humidity sensing unit 103 is used to monitor the temperature and humidity distribution of the battery pack. A sensor combining a thermocouple and a thermistor can realize temperature monitoring of different positions of the battery pack. The chemical sensing unit 104 is used to monitor the chemical composition changes of the battery electrolyte. The pressure sensing unit 105 is used to monitor the pressure changes inside the battery cell. The vibration sensing unit 106 is used to monitor the vibration conditions of the battery pack during operation. A vibration sensor combining an accelerometer and a gyroscope can monitor the vibration frequency and amplitude of the battery pack in real time. All of the above units are installed inside each battery cell and connected through a .arg type interface.

[0049] The adaptive module 2 is mainly dynamically adjusted according to the actual use of the battery and historical data. Specifically, the adaptive module 2 includes a data processing unit 201, an adaptive algorithm unit 202 and a dynamic adjustment unit 203. The data processing unit 201 mainly obtains data including but not limited to the voltage sensor unit 101, the current sensor unit 102, the temperature and humidity sensor unit 103, the chemical sensor unit 104, the pressure sensor unit 105 and the vibration sensor unit 106. The adaptive algorithm unit 202 mainly processes and analyzes the data through a neural network model to identify the performance changes of the battery in different usage scenarios. The reference formula of the neural network model is as follows:

[0050]

[0051] Where w is the weight, η is the learning rate, L is the loss function, and t is the number of training iterations;

[0052] The dynamic adjustment unit 203 dynamically adjusts the discharge parameters mainly according to the current load condition and battery status. For example, when the battery pack is in a high load state, the algorithm will automatically reduce the discharge depth to prevent the battery from over-discharging. The dynamic adjustment discharge strategy refers to the following formula:

[0053] DOD 调整后 =max(DOD 当前 -ΔDOD,DOD 最小 )

[0054] Where DOD is the depth of discharge, ΔDOD is the adjustment calculated based on the load condition and battery status, and the minimum DOD is the minimum depth of discharge set to avoid over-discharge;

[0055] The early warning module 3 mainly analyzes sensor data, external environment information and battery history data, identifies potential faults in advance and takes preventive measures. Specifically, the early warning module 3 includes a multimodal data fusion unit 301, a fault detection unit 302 and a prevention unit 303. The multimodal data fusion unit 301 uses data fusion technology to comprehensively analyze different types of sensor data to improve the accuracy of fault detection. The data fusion algorithm includes but is not limited to data fusion based on Kalman filtering, data fusion based on Bayesian theory and data fusion based on neural network. Among them, Kalman filtering refers to the following formula:

[0056]

[0057] in: is the state prediction value at the k-1th moment, P k|k-1 is the covariance matrix of the predicted state, A is the state transfer matrix, uk is the control input vector, K k is the Kalman gain, R is the measurement noise covariance matrix, and I is the identity matrix;

[0058] The reference formula of Bayesian theory is as follows:

[0059]

[0060] Where: P(A|B) is the posterior probability of A given that B is observed, and P(A) is the prior probability of A;

[0061] The fault detection unit 302 has multiple fault detection functions, including but not limited to overvoltage detection, overcurrent detection, temperature rise detection, short circuit detection and electrolyte leakage detection. The overvoltage detection can refer to the following formula:

[0062]

[0063] Where: V is the actual measured voltage;

[0064] The prevention unit 303 is mainly used to generate corresponding prevention measures according to the fault type and severity.

[0065] The optimization module 4 realizes fine control of the discharge depth of the battery pack and improves the service life and discharge efficiency of the battery. Specifically, the optimization module 4 includes a battery discharge unit 401, an optimization algorithm unit 402 and a load balancing unit 403. The battery discharge unit 401 establishes an accurate battery discharge model, which can predict the discharge behavior of the battery according to the chemical characteristics, use environment and load requirements of the battery, and adopts the Thevenin model, referring to the following formula:

[0066] OCV(SOC)=a0+a1·SOC+a2·SOC 2 +…+a n ·SOC n

[0067] V(t)=OCV(SOC(t))-R0·I(t)-V polarization (t)

[0068] Among them, V polarization (t) is the polarization voltage, which can usually be expressed by the following formula:

[0069]

[0070] Where: OCV is the open circuit voltage of the battery, R0 is the internal resistance of the battery, and I(t) is the discharge current of the battery;

[0071] The optimization algorithm unit 402 adjusts the discharge model through the optimization algorithm to achieve fine control of the discharge depth of the battery pack. The optimization algorithm uses a particle swarm optimization algorithm, referring to the following formula:

[0072]

[0073] in: is the position of the ith particle in the tth generation, r1 and r2 are random numbers, It is the best historical position for the entire population.

[0074] The load balancing unit 403 supports the load balancing function, and evenly distributes the load to each battery unit through an intelligent algorithm to ensure the uniformity and stability of the battery pack during the discharge process. The reference formula is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] Among them, I unit,i is the current allocated to the ith battery cell, weight i is the weight of the ith battery cell, which can be adjusted dynamically based on the current state.

[0077] The redundant module 5 mainly improves the reliability and safety of the system to ensure that the system can still operate normally when a key component fails. Specifically, the redundant module 5 includes a sensor redundant unit 501, a control module redundant unit 502 and a communication module redundant unit 503. The sensor redundant unit 501 is mainly provided with a backup for the above-mentioned sensor unit. Once the main sensor fails, the backup sensor can quickly take over to ensure the continuity and reliability of the data. The control module redundant unit 502 sets a backup for the core control module of the system. When the main control module fails, the backup module can be started immediately to ensure the normal operation of the system. The two control modules synchronize real-time data through a high-speed communication network. Once the main module fails, the backup module can take over seamlessly to ensure the continuity of the system. The communication module redundant unit 503 adopts a dual-network redundant design. Even if one network fails, the other network can still maintain the communication capability of the system. The communication network includes a wired network and a wireless network. The wired network adopts a high-speed CAN bus, and the wireless network adopts high-bandwidth communication technologies such as 5G.

[0078] The protection module 6 ensures that the battery can be protected in various abnormal situations. Specifically, the protection module 6 includes an overvoltage protection unit 601, an overcurrent protection unit 602, a temperature control protection unit 603, a short circuit protection unit 604 and an abnormality detection unit 605. The overvoltage protection unit 601 is mainly used to automatically cut off the discharge circuit when the battery voltage exceeds a preset threshold to prevent the battery from being damaged by overvoltage. The overvoltage protection mechanism includes a hardware overvoltage protection circuit and a software overvoltage protection algorithm. The dual protection ensures the reliability of the system. The overcurrent protection unit 602 is mainly used to automatically cut off the discharge circuit when the battery current exceeds a safety threshold. Limit discharge current to ensure battery safety. The overcurrent protection mechanism includes hardware overcurrent protection circuit and software overcurrent protection algorithm. Real-time monitoring and rapid response are used to prevent current overload. The temperature control protection unit 603 monitors the battery temperature in real time through the temperature and humidity sensor unit 103. When the temperature is too high, the system will start the heat dissipation device to reduce the battery temperature and prevent thermal runaway. The short-circuit protection unit 604 detects the short circuit of the battery through current and voltage sensors. The abnormality detection unit 605 includes but is not limited to voltage mutation detection, current mutation detection and temperature abnormality detection to ensure that the system can detect and handle various abnormal situations in a timely manner.

[0079] The remote module 7 facilitates user operation and management, and improves the operability and convenience of the system. Specifically, the remote module 7 includes a user interface unit 701 and a remote monitoring unit 702. The user interface unit 701 mainly allows the user to monitor the battery status in real time, view system alarm information and historical data through the interface, and the remote monitoring unit 702 mainly allows the user to manage the system in real time through the Internet. The remote monitoring module has data transmission and reception functions, and can transmit battery status data and alarm information in real time to help users take timely measures.

[0080] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safe discharge management system for a lithium battery pack, comprising: Sensor module (1): mainly used to detect battery status; Adaptive module (2): mainly performs dynamic adjustment based on the actual battery usage and historical data; Early warning module (3): mainly analyzes sensor data, external environment information and battery history data to identify potential failures in advance and take preventive measures Optimization module (4): realizes fine control of the discharge depth of the battery pack and improves the battery life and discharge efficiency; Redundancy module (5): mainly improves the reliability and safety of the system and ensures that the system can still operate normally when key components fail; Protection module (6): ensures that the battery is safe under various abnormal conditions; Remote module (7): facilitates user operation and management, and improves the operability and convenience of the system; The invention is characterized in that the sensing module (1), the adaptive module (2), the early warning module (3), the optimization module (4), the redundancy module (5), the protection module (6) and the remote module (7) are connected through communication.

2. A safe discharge management system for a lithium battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensing module (1) includes but is not limited to a voltage sensing unit (101), a current sensing unit (102), a temperature and humidity sensing unit (103), a chemical sensing unit (104), a pressure sensing unit (105) and a vibration sensing unit (106); the voltage sensing unit (101) is used to monitor the voltage value of each battery cell; the current sensing unit (102) is used to monitor the charge and discharge current of the battery pack, using a Hall effect current sensor; the temperature and humidity sensing unit (103) is used to monitor the temperature and humidity distribution of the battery pack, using a thermocouple and a thermoelectric The chemical sensing unit (104) is used to monitor the chemical composition changes of the battery electrolyte, the pressure sensing unit (105) is used to monitor the pressure changes inside the battery unit, and the vibration sensing unit (106) is used to monitor the vibration conditions of the battery pack during operation. The vibration sensor combined with the accelerometer and the gyroscope can monitor the vibration frequency and amplitude of the battery pack in real time. All the above-mentioned units are installed inside each battery unit and are connected through a .arg type interface.

3. The safe discharge management system of a lithium battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adaptive module (2) comprises a data processing unit (201), an adaptive algorithm unit (202) and a dynamic adjustment unit (203); the data processing unit (201) mainly acquires data including but not limited to data acquired by a voltage sensor unit (101), a current sensor unit (102), a temperature and humidity sensor unit (103), a chemical sensor unit (104), a pressure sensor unit (105) and a vibration sensor unit (106); the adaptive algorithm unit (202) mainly processes and analyzes the data through a neural network model to identify performance changes of the battery in different usage scenarios; the dynamic adjustment unit (203) mainly dynamically adjusts the discharge parameters according to the current load condition and the battery state; for example, when the battery pack is in a high load state, the algorithm automatically reduces the discharge depth to prevent the battery from over-discharging.

4. The safe discharge management system of a lithium battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The early warning module (3) comprises a multimodal data fusion unit (301), a fault detection unit (302) and a prevention unit (303). The multimodal data fusion unit (301) uses data fusion technology to comprehensively analyze different types of sensor data to improve the accuracy of fault detection. The data fusion algorithm includes but is not limited to data fusion based on Kalman filtering, data fusion based on Bayesian theory and data fusion based on neural network. The fault detection unit (302) has multiple fault detection functions, including but not limited to overvoltage detection, overcurrent detection, temperature rise detection, short circuit detection and electrolyte leakage detection. The prevention unit (303) is mainly used to generate corresponding preventive measures according to the type and severity of the fault.

5. The safe discharge management system of a lithium battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimization module (4) comprises a battery discharge unit (401), an optimization algorithm unit (402) and a load balancing unit (403). The battery discharge unit (401) establishes an accurate battery discharge model, which can predict the discharge behavior of the battery according to the chemical characteristics, use environment and load requirements of the battery. The optimization algorithm unit (402) adjusts the discharge model through an optimization algorithm to achieve fine control of the discharge depth of the battery pack. The optimization algorithm includes but is not limited to a genetic algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm and a gradient descent algorithm. The load balancing unit (403) supports a load balancing function, which evenly distributes the load to each battery unit through an intelligent algorithm, thereby ensuring the uniformity and stability of the battery pack during the discharge process.

6. The safe discharge management system of a lithium battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The redundant module (5) comprises a sensor redundant unit (501), a control module redundant unit (502) and a communication module redundant unit (503). The sensor redundant unit (501) is mainly provided with a backup for the above-mentioned sensor unit. Once the main sensor fails, the backup sensor can quickly take over to ensure the continuity and reliability of data. The control module redundant unit (502) is provided with a backup for the core control module of the system. When the main control module fails, the backup module can be started immediately to ensure the normal operation of the system. The two control modules perform real-time data synchronization through a high-speed communication network. Once the main module fails, the backup module can seamlessly take over to ensure the continuity of the system.

7. A safe discharge management system for a lithium battery pack according to claim 6, characterized in that: The communication module redundancy unit (503) adopts a dual-network redundancy design. Even if one network fails, the other network can still maintain the communication capability of the system. The communication network includes a wired network and a wireless network. The wired network adopts a high-speed CAN bus, and the wireless network adopts high-bandwidth communication technologies such as 5G.

8. The safe discharge management system of a lithium battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection module (6) comprises an overvoltage protection unit (601), an overcurrent protection unit (602), a temperature control protection unit (603), a short circuit protection unit (604) and an abnormality detection unit (605). The overvoltage protection unit (601) is mainly used for when the battery voltage exceeds a preset threshold value, the system automatically cuts off the discharge circuit to prevent the battery from being damaged by overvoltage. The overvoltage protection mechanism comprises a hardware overvoltage protection circuit and a software overvoltage protection algorithm. The double protection ensures the reliability of the system. The overcurrent protection unit (602) is mainly used for when the battery current exceeds a safety threshold value, the system automatically limits the discharge current to ensure the safety of the battery. The overcurrent protection mechanism comprises a hardware overcurrent protection circuit and a software overcurrent protection algorithm. The current overload is prevented through real-time monitoring and rapid response.

9. A safe discharge management system for a lithium battery pack according to claim 8, characterized in that: The temperature control protection unit (603) monitors the battery temperature in real time through the temperature and humidity sensing unit (103). When the temperature is too high, the system will start the heat dissipation device to reduce the battery temperature and prevent thermal runaway. The short circuit protection unit (604) detects the short circuit of the battery through the current and voltage sensors. The abnormality detection unit (605) includes but is not limited to voltage mutation detection, current mutation detection and temperature abnormality detection, ensuring that the system can detect and handle various abnormal situations in a timely manner.

10. The safe discharge management system of a lithium battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The remote module (7) comprises a user interface unit (701) and a remote monitoring unit (702). The user interface unit (701) mainly allows the user to monitor the battery status in real time, view system alarm information and historical data through the interface, and the remote monitoring unit (702) mainly allows the user to manage the system in real time through the Internet. The remote monitoring module has data transmission and reception functions, and can transmit battery status data and alarm information in real time to help users take timely measures.

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