Agricultural breeding seed treatment device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to an agricultural breeding seed treatment device and method.The agricultural breeding seed treatment device comprises a support, a box is arranged at the upper end of the support, a feeding hopper is arranged at the upper end of the box, a discharging pipe is arranged at the lower end of the box, a plurality of elastic pieces are arranged on the two sides of the discharging pipe, and the lower ends of the elastic pieces are jointly connected with a screen; the bottom wall of the support is provided with a draught fan with the wind direction inclining upwards and pointing to the screen. Two friction rollers are rotatably connected to the interior of the box body, two first driving parts used for driving the two friction rollers to rotate in a differential mode are arranged on the box body, a first belt wheel is coaxially arranged on the friction roller on the left side, and a second belt wheel is rotatably connected to the left side wall of the support; a first belt is in transmission connection between the first belt wheel and the second belt wheel, and the second belt wheel is coaxially provided with an eccentric disc; the water permeability and air permeability of the hard seeds can be reduced, the dormant state of the hard seeds can be broken, and the germination rate of the hard seeds is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of seed processing, and in particular to a device and method for processing agricultural breeding seeds. Background Art

[0002] Seed treatment is an economical and effective method for plant disease and insect pest control. It uses biological, physical, chemical factors and technologies to protect seeds and crops, control pests and diseases, ensure normal growth of crops, and achieve high quality and high yield.

[0003] The traditional agricultural seed processing process is: selection - drying - soaking / mixing - germination. Selection: After the seeds are dried and cleaned, the seeds are selected by grain selection, screening, wind selection and liquid selection. The purpose of seed selection is to eliminate the unripe, small, broken, diseased and insect-infested seeds and various debris. Drying: Expose the seeds to the sun. It has the functions of promoting seed ripening and enzyme activity, reducing the content of germination inhibitory substances in seeds, increasing germination rate and sterilization. Soaking seeds: The function is to promote seed germination and eliminate pathogens. The methods include: soaking seeds in clear water, soaking seeds in warm water, and soaking seeds with chemicals. Mixing seeds: Mix the chemicals, fertilizers and seeds and sow them to prevent diseases and insect damage, promote germination and strengthen the seedlings. The methods include dry mixing, wet mixing and seed coating. Germination: Before sowing, according to the germination characteristics of seeds, appropriate moisture, temperature and oxygen conditions are given under artificial control to promote fast, uniform and strong germination. The methods include germination in ground pits, germination in shallow pits with plastic film, germination in straw pits, germination in fire pits, and steam germination.

[0004] However, the above method is only applicable to seeds with thinner epidermis, while seeds of plants such as Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Lauraceae, and Liliaceae have thick and hard seed coats and pericarps, or are covered with dense wax and keratin, which are called hard seeds or stone seeds. Such seeds are often dormant due to mechanical compression of the seed shell or due to the impermeability and airtightness of the seed (fruit) skin that hinders the growth of the embryo, such as lotus seeds, coconuts, alfalfa, and astragalus. Therefore, it is urgent to design an agricultural breeding seed processing device and method to solve the problems in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present invention provides an agricultural breeding seed processing device and method, which can solve the problem in the prior art that hard seeds have thick and hard seed coats that are impermeable to water and air and are in a dormant state, resulting in a low seed germination rate.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: an agricultural breeding seed processing device and method, wherein the agricultural breeding seed processing device of the present invention comprises a bracket, wherein the upper end of the bracket is provided with a box body, the upper end of the box body is provided with a feed hopper, the lower end of the box body is provided with a discharge pipe, a plurality of elastic members are provided on both sides of the discharge pipe, the lower ends of the plurality of elastic members are commonly connected with a screen, and a fan with a wind direction inclined upwardly pointing to the screen is provided on the bottom wall of the bracket;

[0007] Two friction rollers are rotatably connected inside the box, and two first driving parts for driving the two friction rollers to rotate differentially are arranged on the box. A first pulley is coaxially arranged on the friction roller on the left side, and a second pulley is rotatably connected on the left side wall of the bracket. A first belt is transmission-connected between the first pulley and the second pulley, and an eccentric disk is coaxially arranged on the second pulley, a ring is sleeved on the eccentric disk, and a connecting rod hinged to the screen is arranged on the ring.

[0008] Preferably, the interior of the box is horizontally slidably connected with a "U"-shaped plate, the friction roller on the right side is rotatably connected between the two side walls of the "U"-shaped plate, and the right side wall of the box is threadedly connected with a bolt rotatably connected to the "U"-shaped plate.

[0009] Preferably, a spline shaft is provided at the output end of the first driving part on the right side, a bearing seat is provided on the "U"-shaped plate, a spline sleeve adapted to the spline shaft is rotatably connected to the bearing seat, a driving bevel gear is provided on the spline sleeve, and a driven bevel gear meshing with the driving bevel gear is coaxially provided on the friction roller on the right side.

[0010] Preferably, the spline shaft includes a rotating shaft fixedly connected to the output end of the first driving part on the right side, a key is arranged on the rotating shaft, and the spline sleeve includes a sleeve rotatably connected to the bearing seat, and a keyway matching the key is arranged on the inner side wall of the sleeve.

[0011] Preferably, a water tank is provided below the screen.

[0012] Preferably, two support plates are provided on both sides of the water tank, a second driving part is provided on the upper end of the side wall of one of the support plates, two driving sprockets are provided at the output end of the second driving part, two driven sprockets are rotatably connected between the inner side walls of the other support plate, two chains are transmission-connected between the two driving sprockets and the two driven sprockets, and a scraper is arranged between the two chains.

[0013] Preferably, a focusing funnel located between the screen and the water tank is provided on the right side wall of the bracket.

[0014] Preferably, the feed hopper is internally rotatably connected with a plurality of unloading plates, the plurality of unloading plates are coaxially provided with a fourth pulley, and a third belt is transmission-connected between the fourth pulley and the first pulley.

[0015] Preferably, the fan includes a wind tube arranged on the bottom wall of the bracket, the wind tube is provided with an air duct which is inclined upward and passes through the focusing funnel to point to the screen, the wind tube is internally rotatably connected with a plurality of wind plates, a third pulley is coaxially arranged with the plurality of wind plates, and a second belt is transmission-connected between the second pulley and the third pulley.

[0016] The seed treatment method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0017] S1: According to the size of the hard seeds to be processed, the distance between the two friction rollers is adjusted by bolts;

[0018] S2: The hard seeds in the feed hopper fall between the two friction rollers at a uniform speed under the rotation of the discharge plate;

[0019] S3: The two friction rollers rotate at a differential speed. Under the action of the speed difference, the two friction rollers rub the surface of the hard seeds to thin or break the surface of the hard seeds;

[0020] S4: After being rubbed by two friction rollers, the hard seeds fall onto the screen, and the fan blows away the generated dust to achieve the first impurity removal. The hard seeds pass through the screen and fall into a water tank filled with water for the second impurity removal.

[0021] S5: The scraper scrapes away the impurities and chaff floating on the water surface.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the coordinated arrangement of a bracket, a box body, a feed hopper, a discharge pipe, an elastic part, a screen, a fan, a friction roller, a first drive unit, a first pulley, a second pulley, a first belt, an eccentric disc, a ring and a connecting rod. The hard seeds fall from the feed hopper to between the two friction rollers. The two first drive units drive the two friction rollers to rotate differentially. Under the action of the speed difference, the two friction rollers rub the epidermis of the hard seeds, grind the epidermis of the hard seeds thinly or scratch them. The hard seeds after friction treatment by the two friction rollers fall on the screen. The fan blows away the generated dust, and the hard seeds fall from the screen. The water permeability and air permeability of the hard seeds after the epidermis is grinded thinly or scratched are enhanced, which is beneficial to breaking the dormancy of the hard seeds and improving the germination rate of the hard seeds. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure enlargement in the middle;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the box body of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of a top view and a cross-sectional structure of a box body of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the spline sleeve of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the spline shaft of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the fan of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the chain transmission structure of the present invention;

[0031] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the front and sectional structure of the chain transmission of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure: 1, bracket; 2, box; 3, friction roller; 4, feed hopper; 5, elastic member; 6, screen; 7, first driving part; 8, first pulley; 9, second pulley; 10, first belt; 11, eccentric disc; 12, ring; 13, connecting rod; 14, air cylinder; 15, air duct; 16, air plate; 17, third pulley; 18, second belt; 19, discharge pipe; 20, "U" shaped plate ; 21. Bolt; 22. Bearing seat; 23. Active bevel gear; 24. Driven bevel gear; 25. Rotating shaft; 26. Key; 27. Bushing; 28. Keyway; 29. ​​Water tank; 30. Support plate; 31. Second driving part; 32. Active sprocket; 33. Driven sprocket; 34. Chain; 35. Scraper; 36. Focusing funnel; 37. Unloading plate; 38. Fourth pulley; 39. Third belt. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the technical solutions of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0034] like Figures 1 to 9As shown, an agricultural seed processing device and method, wherein the agricultural seed processing device of the present invention comprises a bracket 1, a box body 2 is arranged at the upper end of the bracket 1, a feed hopper 4 is arranged at the upper end of the box body 2, a discharge pipe 19 is arranged at the lower end of the box body 2, a plurality of elastic members 5 are arranged on both sides of the discharge pipe 19, the elastic member 5 is a metal elastic sheet, a screen 6 is commonly connected to the lower ends of the plurality of elastic members 5, and a fan with a wind direction inclined upwardly pointing to the screen 6 is arranged on the bottom wall of the bracket 1;

[0035] Two friction rollers 3 are rotatably connected inside the box body 2. Two first driving parts 7 for driving the two friction rollers 3 to rotate differentially are arranged on the box body 2. The first driving part 7 is a motor. The friction roller 3 on the left side is coaxially provided with a first pulley 8. A second pulley 9 is rotatably connected to the left side wall of the bracket 1. A first belt 10 is transmission-connected between the first pulley 8 and the second pulley 9. An eccentric disk 11 is coaxially arranged on the second pulley 9. A ring 12 is sleeved on the eccentric disk 11. A connecting rod 13 hinged to the screen 6 is arranged on the ring 12.

[0036] During specific use, the hard seeds fall from the feed hopper 4 between the two friction rollers 3, and the two first driving parts 7 drive the two friction rollers 3 to rotate differentially. Under the action of the speed difference, the two friction rollers 3 rub the epidermis of the hard seeds, grind the epidermis of the hard seeds thinly or scratch them. The water permeability and air permeability of the hard seeds after the epidermis is ground thinly or scratched are enhanced, breaking the dormant state of the hard seeds. The hard seeds after friction treatment by the two friction rollers 3 fall on the screen 6, the fan blows away the generated dust, and the hard seeds fall from the screen 6.

[0037] In order to achieve the purpose of processing hard seeds of different sizes, preferably, the interior of the box body 2 is horizontally slidably connected with a "U"-shaped plate 20, the friction roller 3 on the right side is rotatably connected between the two side walls of the "U"-shaped plate 20, and the right side wall of the box body 2 is threadedly connected with a bolt 21 rotatably connected to the "U"-shaped plate 20. A spline shaft is provided at the output end of the first driving part 7 on the right side, and a bearing seat 22 is provided on the "U"-shaped plate 20. A spline sleeve matching the spline shaft is rotatably connected to the bearing seat 22, and a driving bevel gear 23 is provided on the spline sleeve. The friction roller 3 on the right side is coaxially provided with a driven bevel gear 24 meshing with the driving bevel gear 23. The spline shaft includes a rotating shaft 25 fixedly connected to the output end of the first driving part 7 on the right side, and a key 26 is arranged on the rotating shaft 25. The spline sleeve includes a shaft sleeve 27 rotatably connected to the bearing seat 22, and a keyway 28 matching the key 26 is arranged on the inner side wall of the shaft sleeve 27.

[0038] Specifically, the spacing between the two friction rollers 3 can be adjusted to process hard seeds of different sizes. When the spacing between the two friction rollers 3 needs to be increased, the bolt 21 is rotated, and the bolt 21 drives the "U"-shaped plate 20 away from the friction roller 3 on the left. When the spacing between the two friction rollers 3 needs to be reduced, the bolt 21 is rotated in the opposite direction, and the bolt 21 drives the "U"-shaped plate 20 to approach the friction roller 3 on the left. During the adjustment process, the bearing seat 22 drives the active bevel gear 23 to move synchronously through the spline sleeve, so that the active bevel gear 23 and the driven bevel gear 24 always maintain a meshing state. When working, the first driving part 7 on the right side drives the rotating shaft 25 to rotate, and the key 26 on the rotating shaft 25 drives the shaft sleeve 27 to rotate through the keyway 28, and the shaft sleeve 27 drives the active bevel gear 23 to rotate, and the active bevel gear 23 drives the friction roller 3 on the right side to rotate through the driven bevel gear 24.

[0039] In order to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of seed processing, preferably, a water trough 29 is provided below the screen 6, and two support plates 30 are provided on both sides of the water trough 29, wherein a second driving part 31 is provided at the upper end of the side wall of one of the support plates 30, and the second driving part 31 is a motor, and two driving sprockets 32 are provided at the output end of the second driving part 31, and two driven sprockets 33 are rotatably connected between the inner side walls of the other support plate 30, and two chains 34 are transmission-connected between the two driving sprockets 32 and the two driven sprockets 33, and a scraper 35 is arranged between the two chains 34, and a flow collecting funnel 36 located between the screen 6 and the water trough 29 is provided on the right side wall of the bracket 1.

[0040] Specifically, the water trough 29 is filled with clean water, and the hard seeds falling from the screen 6 fall into the water trough 29 under the diversion effect of the flow-collecting funnel 36. The full seeds will sink to the bottom of the water, while the light impurities and unripe grains will float on the water surface. After a period of collection, the second driving unit 31 can be started, and the second driving unit 31 drives the two active sprockets 32 to rotate, and the two active sprockets 32 and the two driven sprockets 33 drive the two chains 34 to rotate, so that the scraper 35 scrapes off the impurities and unripe grains floating on the water surface.

[0041] In order to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of seed processing, preferably, the feed hopper 4 is internally rotatably connected with multiple discharge plates 37, and the multiple discharge plates 37 are coaxially provided with a fourth pulley 38, and a third belt 39 is transmission-connected between the fourth pulley 38 and the first pulley 8.

[0042] Specifically, the first pulley 8 is a double-groove pulley. The rotation of the first pulley 8 will drive the fourth pulley 38 to rotate through the third belt 39. The fourth pulley 38 will drive multiple unloading plates 37 to rotate. The unloading plates 37 drive the hard seeds in the feed hopper 4 to fall evenly and pass between the two friction rollers 3, which is beneficial to improving the quality of seed processing.

[0043] In order to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of seed processing, preferably, the fan includes a wind cylinder 14 arranged on the bottom wall of the bracket 1, and the wind cylinder 14 is provided with an air duct 15 which is inclined upward and passes through the flow-collecting funnel 36 and points to the screen 6. The wind cylinder 14 is internally rotatably connected to a plurality of wind plates 16, and the plurality of wind plates 16 are coaxially provided with a third pulley 17, and a second belt 18 is transmission-connected between the second pulley 9 and the third pulley 17.

[0044] Specifically, the second pulley 9 is a double-groove pulley. The rotation of the second pulley 9 will drive the third pulley 17 to rotate through the second belt 18. The third pulley 17 drives multiple wind plates 16 to rotate to generate wind force. The wind blows toward the screen 6 through the air duct 15 to blow away the light impurities on the screen 6.

[0045] The seed treatment method of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1: According to the size of the hard seeds to be processed, the distance between the two friction rollers 3 is adjusted by the bolt 21;

[0047] S2: The hard seeds in the feed hopper 4 fall between the two friction rollers 3 at a uniform speed under the rotation of the discharge plate 37;

[0048] S3: The two friction rollers 3 rotate at a differential speed. Under the action of the speed difference, the two friction rollers 3 rub the surface of the hard seeds to thin or break the surface of the hard seeds;

[0049] S4: After being rubbed by the two friction rollers 3, the hard seeds fall onto the screen 6, and the fan blows away the generated dust to obtain the primary impurity removal. The hard seeds pass through the screen 6 and fall into the water tank 29 filled with water for the secondary impurity removal.

[0050] S5: The scraper 35 scrapes away the impurities and chaff floating on the water surface.

[0051] Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the coordinated arrangement of the bracket 1, the box body 2, the feed hopper 4, the discharge pipe 19, the elastic member 5, the screen 6, the fan, the friction roller 3, the first driving part 7, the first pulley 8, the second pulley 9, the first belt 10, the eccentric disc 11, the ring 12 and the connecting rod 13. The hard seeds fall from the feed hopper 4 between the two friction rollers 3. The two first driving parts 7 drive the two friction rollers 3 to rotate at a differential speed. Under the action of the speed difference, the two friction rollers 3 rub the epidermis of the hard seeds, grind the epidermis of the hard seeds thinly or scratch them. The hard seeds after being rubbed by the two friction rollers 3 fall on the screen 6. The fan blows away the generated dust, and the hard seeds fall from the screen 6. The water permeability and air permeability of the hard seeds after the epidermis is grinded thinly or scratched are enhanced, which is conducive to breaking the dormancy state of the hard seeds and improving the germination rate of the hard seeds.

[0052] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An agricultural seed processing device, comprising a support (1), characterized in that: A box body (2) is arranged at the upper end of the support (1), a feed hopper (4) is arranged at the upper end of the box body (2), a discharge pipe (19) is arranged at the lower end of the box body (2), a plurality of elastic members (5) are arranged on both sides of the discharge pipe (19), a screen (6) is commonly connected to the lower ends of the plurality of elastic members (5), and a fan is arranged on the bottom wall of the support (1) with the wind direction inclined upward and pointing toward the screen (6); Two friction rollers (3) are rotatably connected inside the box body (2), and two first driving parts (7) for driving the two friction rollers (3) to rotate differentially are arranged on the box body (2). A first pulley (8) is coaxially arranged on the left side of the friction roller (3), and a second pulley (9) is rotatably connected on the left side wall of the bracket (1). A first belt (10) is connected to the first pulley (8) and the second pulley (9) in a transmission manner. An eccentric disc (11) is coaxially arranged on the second pulley (9), and a ring (12) is sleeved on the eccentric disc (11). A connecting rod (13) hinged to the screen (6) is arranged on the ring (12).

2. The agricultural breeding seed processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A "U"-shaped plate (20) is horizontally slidably connected inside the box body (2), the friction roller (3) on the right side is rotatably connected between the two side walls of the "U"-shaped plate (20), and a bolt (21) rotatably connected to the "U"-shaped plate (20) is threadedly connected on the right side wall of the box body (2).

3. The agricultural breeding seed processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The output end of the first driving part (7) on the right side is provided with a spline shaft, the "U"-shaped plate (20) is provided with a bearing seat (22), a spline sleeve adapted to the spline shaft is rotatably connected to the bearing seat (22), a driving bevel gear (23) is provided on the spline sleeve, and the friction roller (3) on the right side is coaxially provided with a driven bevel gear (24) meshing with the driving bevel gear (23).

4. The agricultural breeding seed processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The spline shaft comprises a rotating shaft (25) fixedly connected to the output end of the first driving part (7) on the right side, a key (26) being arranged on the rotating shaft (25), and the spline sleeve comprises a shaft sleeve (27) rotatably connected to the bearing seat (22), and a keyway (28) matching the key (26) being arranged on the inner side wall of the shaft sleeve (27).

5. The agricultural breeding seed processing device according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: A water tank (29) is provided below the screen (6).

6. The agricultural breeding seed processing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Two support plates (30) are arranged on both sides of the water tank (29), a second driving part (31) is arranged on the upper end of the side wall of one of the support plates (30), two driving sprockets (32) are arranged at the output end of the second driving part (31), two driven sprockets (33) are rotatably connected between the inner side walls of the other support plate (30), two chains (34) are transmission-connected between the two driving sprockets (32) and the two driven sprockets (33), and a scraper (35) is arranged between the two chains (34).

7. The agricultural breeding seed processing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A flow-collecting funnel (36) located between the screen (6) and the water tank (29) is provided on the right side wall of the support (1).

8. The agricultural breeding seed processing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The feed hopper (4) is internally rotatably connected with a plurality of discharge plates (37), and a fourth pulley (38) is coaxially arranged on the plurality of discharge plates (37), and a third belt (39) is transmission-connected between the fourth pulley (38) and the first pulley (8).

9. The agricultural breeding seed processing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The fan comprises a wind tube (14) arranged on the bottom wall of a bracket (1), the wind tube (14) being provided with a wind duct (15) which is inclined upward and passes through a flow-collecting funnel (36) and points to a screen (6), a plurality of wind plates (16) being rotatably connected inside the wind tube (14), a third pulley (17) being coaxially arranged on the plurality of wind plates (16), and a second belt (18) being transmission-connected between the second pulley (9) and the third pulley (17).

10. A method for processing agricultural breeding seeds, comprising implementing the method using the agricultural breeding seed processing device as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: According to the size of the hard seeds to be processed, the distance between the two friction rollers (3) is adjusted by means of a bolt (21); S2: The hard seeds in the feed hopper (4) fall into between the two friction rollers (3) at a uniform speed under the rotation of the discharge plate (37); S3: the two friction rollers (3) rotate at a differential speed, and under the effect of the speed difference, the two friction rollers (3) rub the surface of the hard seed to thin or break the surface of the hard seed; S4: After being rubbed by the two friction rollers (3), the hard seeds fall onto the screen (6), and the fan blows away the generated dust to achieve primary impurity removal. The hard seeds pass through the screen (6) and fall into a water tank (29) filled with water for secondary impurity removal. S5: The scraper (35) scrapes away the impurities and chaff floating on the water surface.

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