Fertilizing method suitable for wide-platform large-ridge soybean

Abstract

The invention provides a fertilizing method suitable for wide-platform and large-ridge soybeans, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. According to the wide-platform and large-ridge soybean planting fertilization scheme, through scientific matching of the organic fertilizer, the chemical fertilizer and the microbial fertilizer and precise fertilization according to different growth stages of soybeans, the plant height, the stem diameter, the number of leaves, the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per pod and the weight of hundred grains can be effectively increased, and the yield is remarkably improved. The method is closely combined with the characteristics of a wide-platform and large-ridge planting mode, the fertilizer utilization rate is increased, environmental pollution is reduced, and high-yield, high-quality and sustainable planting of soybeans is comprehensively achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular to a fertilization method suitable for soybean wide platforms and large ridges. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the development of agricultural technology, the wide-bed and large-ridge planting model of soybeans has gradually emerged. This model increases the ridge width and bed spacing, optimizes field ventilation and light transmission conditions, increases ground temperature, facilitates drainage and waterlogging prevention, creates a good soil and space environment for soybean growth, and shows significant advantages in improving soybean yield and quality.

[0003] However, there are many problems in the fertilization process of soybean planting, which seriously restricts the full realization of the potential of the planting model. On the one hand, most farmers still use traditional fertilization habits and do not fully consider the changes in soil nutrient distribution and soybean root growth characteristics under the wide platform and large ridge planting model. For example, traditional fertilization methods often use a single broadcast or shallow application, which leads to fertilizer concentration on the soil surface. Insufficient nutrient supply in the deep soil of the wide platform and large ridge cannot meet the nutrient demand of the soybean root system when it expands and grows in the deep soil. On the other hand, unreasonable fertilizer ratios are common. Some farmers rely too much on chemical fertilizers and ignore the application of organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers, resulting in a decrease in soil organic matter content, an imbalance in soil microbial communities, and an aggravation of soil compaction problems, which reduces soil fertility and fertilizer and water retention capacity, affecting the long-term growth and yield stability of soybeans. At the same time, due to the lack of accurate grasp of the nutrient demand laws of soybeans at different growth stages, there is blindness in the timing and amount of fertilization. For example, excessive fertilization in the soybean seedling stage can easily cause seedling burn, while in the key fertilizer-requiring period such as flowering and pod setting, untimely or insufficient nutrient supply may cause flower and pod shedding and poor grain development, thus affecting yield and quality. Currently, there is a lack of systematic fertilization guidance programs based on the characteristics of wide-platform and large-ridge planting on the market. Farmers lack scientific basis in the fertilization process and can only rely on experience, which further limits the improvement of the benefits of wide-platform and large-ridge planting of soybeans.

[0004] To sum up, in order to fully tap the potential for increasing production and improving quality of the wide-bed and large-ridge soybean planting model, there is an urgent need for a set of scientific, precise and efficient fertilization plans that are compatible with it to solve the many problems existing in the current fertilization process and promote the sustainable development of the soybean industry. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fertilization method suitable for wide-bed and large-ridge soybeans, which can increase the yield and comprehensively achieve high-yield, high-quality and sustainable planting of soybeans.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a fertilization method suitable for soybean wide platform and large ridge, comprising the following steps: Apply basal fertilizers, including organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers and microbial fertilizers; applying seed fertilizers, including diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate; Apply top dressing, including root top dressing, foliar top dressing during the initial flowering period, and foliar top dressing during the pod and grain setting period.

[0007] Preferably, the organic fertilizer is fully decomposed farmyard manure, the application amount is 1200-1800 kg / mu, the application time is before land preparation in autumn, the application method is to evenly spread it on the surface and then deep plowing, the deep plowing depth is 22-32 cm.

[0008] Preferably, the chemical fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and the application amount per mu is 13 to 18 kilograms. It is applied during ridging by a special fertilizer application machinery, and the deep application ratio during ridging is 60% to 80%, and the fertilization depth is 10 to 16 centimeters.

[0009] Preferably, the microbial fertilizer is a composite microbial fertilizer containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, with an application rate of 100 to 140 kilograms per mu, which is mixed with compound fertilizer and applied 6 to 11 centimeters below the ridge.

[0010] Preferably, the seed fertilizer is diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, the application rate of diammonium phosphate is 5-7 kg per mu, and the application rate of potassium sulfate is 2-3 kg per mu.

[0011] Preferably, during sowing, a sowing and fertilizing machine is used to apply the seed fertilizer 4 to 8 cm below the seed side.

[0012] Preferably, the root topdressing is carried out during the soybean branching period in combination with tillage and soil cultivation, the fertilizer is urea, and the application rate of urea per mu is 3.5-4.5 kg.

[0013] Preferably, the root topdressing is performed by digging a trench 7 to 11 cm away from the plant, with a depth of 7 to 11 cm, and urea is evenly applied and then covered with soil.

[0014] Preferably, the foliar topdressing in the initial flowering period is 0.15% to 0.25% borax, 0.08% to 0.12% ammonium molybdate, and 0.2% to 0.28% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and is sprayed on the leaves; Preferably, the foliar topdressing during the pod-setting and grain-filling stage uses 0.25%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.33%-0.5% urea, which are sprayed on the leaves at intervals of 6-10 days.

[0015] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: The soybean wide platform large ridge planting fertilization scheme of the present invention can effectively increase plant height, stem thickness, number of leaves, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod and weight of 100 grains by scientifically matching organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers and microbial fertilizers, and accurately fertilizing according to different growth stages of soybeans, thereby significantly increasing yield. The present invention is closely combined with the characteristics of the wide platform large ridge planting mode, improves fertilizer utilization, reduces environmental pollution, and comprehensively achieves high-yield, high-quality and sustainable soybean planting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The fertilization scheme of the present invention uses a special fertilization machine to apply 70% of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to a depth of 12 to 15 cm under the ridge during ridge formation, and the remaining 30% of the compound fertilizer is mixed with 120 kg of compound microbial fertilizer and applied 8 to 10 cm below the ridge. In the wide platform large ridge planting mode, this layered fertilization method can match the fertilizer distribution with the growth distribution of the soybean root system in the wide platform large ridge soil, which is conducive to the root system absorbing nutrients in different soil layers. Deep fertilization provides long-term nutrient support for soybean growth in the middle and late stages, meeting the increase in nutrient demand that may be generated by the plant due to the space advantage when planting in the wide platform large ridge.

[0017] When sowing, use a sowing and fertilizing machine to apply seed fertilizer (diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate) 5 to 7 cm below the side of the seed. When planting in wide platforms and large ridges, the distribution of seeds on the ridges has a specific pattern. This position can ensure that the seed fertilizer can provide phosphorus, potassium and part of the nitrogen for seed germination and seedling growth in time, and avoid direct contact between the seed fertilizer and the seeds to prevent burning of seeds and seedlings, which is suitable for the layout and germination of seeds in wide platform and large ridge planting.

[0018] During the soybean branching period, combined with inter-cultivation and soil cultivation, urea is applied in furrows 8 to 10 cm away from the soybean plants. Wide-platform large-ridge planting makes the plant spacing and soil space utilization different from conventional planting. Such topdressing position and depth can make urea effectively absorbed and utilized by the plants in the soil environment of wide-platform large-ridge, promote the nutritional growth of soybean plants, increase the number of branches, and adapt to the growth space characteristics of plants under wide-platform large-ridge planting.

[0019] In the present invention, organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer and microbial fertilizer are used in combination, and are fully mixed with the soil through deep plowing to improve the soil structure and enhance the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water. Wide-platform large-ridge planting itself has high requirements for the soil environment, and requires a good soil structure and fertilizer and water retention capacity to maintain plant growth. The application of organic fertilizer helps to create such soil conditions, which is consistent with the demand for soil in wide-platform large-ridge planting. Microbial fertilizer can improve the soil microecological environment, enhance the effectiveness of nutrients in the soil, improve fertilizer utilization, and further promote the root growth and nutrient absorption of soybeans in the wide-platform large-ridge planting mode.

[0020] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] The composite microbial fertilizer used in the examples of the present invention was purchased from Shijiazhuang Yuntian Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0022] Example 1 1. Base fertilizer Organic fertilizer: Before land preparation in autumn, apply 1,500 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure per mu. Spread the farmyard manure evenly on the surface, then deep plow to a depth of 25-30 cm to fully mix the organic fertilizer with the soil, improve the soil structure, enhance the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water, and create a good soil environment for soybean growth.

[0023] Fertilizer: Use nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (1-1.5-1.2), and apply 15 kg per mu. Use special fertilizer machinery to apply 70% (i.e. 10.5 kg) of the compound fertilizer to a depth of 12-15 cm under the ridge during ridge formation to provide long-term nutrient support for the middle and late stages of soybean growth.

[0024] Microbial fertilizer: Use compound microbial fertilizer containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-dissolving bacteria, and potassium-dissolving bacteria, and apply 120 kg per mu. Mix evenly with the remaining 30% (i.e. 4.5 kg) of compound fertilizer, and apply together at 8-10 cm below the ridge when ridge formation. Microbial fertilizer can improve the soil microecological environment, enhance the effectiveness of nutrients in the soil, improve fertilizer utilization, and promote soybean root growth.

[0025] 2. Seed Fertilizer Fertilizer selection: Diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are used.

[0026] Fertilizer application amount: 6 kg of diammonium phosphate and 2.5 kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0027] Fertilization method: When sowing, use a sowing and fertilization machine to apply the seed fertilizer 5-7 cm below the seed side to avoid direct contact between the seed fertilizer and the seed to prevent burning of seeds and seedlings, and meet the soybean seedling stage's needs for phosphorus, potassium and some nitrogen.

[0028] 3. Topdressing Root topdressing: During the soybean branching period, combine inter-cultivation and soil cultivation, and apply 4 kg of urea per mu. Dig a trench 8-10 cm away from the soybean plant, with a depth of 8-10 cm, evenly apply urea into the trench, and then cover with soil to promote the nutritional growth of soybean plants and increase the number of branches.

[0029] Foliar topdressing Initial flowering period: use 0.2% borax solution (i.e. 100 g borax in 50 kg water) plus 0.1% ammonium molybdate solution (i.e. 50 g ammonium molybdate in 50 kg water) per mu, then add 120 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mix well and spray on the leaves to promote flower bud differentiation and pollen tube elongation, and increase pollination and fruit set rate.

[0030] Pod-setting and grain-filling stage: use 180 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 250 g urea per mu, dilute with 50 kg water and spray on the leaves. Spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row to prevent premature senescence of leaves, improve leaf photosynthesis efficiency, promote full pods, and increase grain weight.

[0031] Example 2 base fertilizer Organic fertilizer: Before land preparation in autumn, apply 1,200 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure per mu. Spread the farmyard manure evenly on the surface, then deep plow to a depth of 22-25 cm to fully mix the organic fertilizer with the soil, improve the soil structure, enhance the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water, and create a good soil environment for soybean growth.

[0032] Fertilizer: Use nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (1-1.5-1.2), and apply 18 kg per mu. Use special fertilizer machinery to apply 60% (10.8 kg) of the compound fertilizer to a depth of 10-13 cm under the ridge during ridge formation to provide long-term nutrient support for the middle and late stages of soybean growth.

[0033] Microbial fertilizer: Use compound microbial fertilizer containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-dissolving bacteria, and potassium-dissolving bacteria, and apply 100 kg per mu. Mix it evenly with the remaining 40% (i.e. 7.2 kg) of compound fertilizer, and apply it together at 6-8 cm below the ridge when forming ridges.

[0034] Fertilizer Fertilizer selection: Diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are used.

[0035] Fertilizer application amount: 5 kg of diammonium phosphate and 2 kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0036] Fertilization method: When sowing, use a sowing and fertilization machine to apply the seed fertilizer 4-6 cm below the seed side to avoid direct contact between the seed fertilizer and the seed to prevent burning of seeds and seedlings, and meet the soybean seedling stage's needs for phosphorus, potassium and some nitrogen.

[0037] top dressing Root topdressing: During the soybean branching period, combine inter-cultivation and soil cultivation, and apply 3.5 kg of urea per mu. Dig a trench 7-9 cm away from the soybean plant, with a depth of 7-9 cm, evenly apply urea into the trench, and then cover with soil to promote the nutritional growth of soybean plants and increase the number of branches.

[0038] Foliar topdressing Initial flowering period: use 0.15% borax solution (i.e. 75 g borax and 50 kg water) plus 0.08% ammonium molybdate solution (i.e. 40 g ammonium molybdate and 50 kg water) per mu, then add 100 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mix well and spray on the leaves to promote flower bud differentiation and pollen tube elongation, and increase pollination and fruit set rate.

[0039] Pod-setting and grain-filling stage: use 150 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 200 g urea per mu, dilute with 40 kg water and spray on the leaves. Spray once every 6-8 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row to prevent premature senescence of leaves, improve leaf photosynthesis efficiency, promote full pods, and increase grain weight.

[0040] Example 3 base fertilizer Organic fertilizer: Before land preparation in autumn, apply 1,800 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure per mu. Spread the farmyard manure evenly on the surface, then deep plow to a depth of 28-32 cm to fully mix the organic fertilizer with the soil, improve the soil structure, enhance the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water, and create a good soil environment for soybean growth.

[0041] Fertilizer: Use nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (1-1.4-1.2), and apply 13 kg per mu. Use special fertilizer machinery to apply 80% (10.4 kg) of the compound fertilizer to a depth of 13-16 cm under the ridge during ridge formation to provide long-term nutrient support for the middle and late stages of soybean growth.

[0042] Microbial fertilizer: Use compound microbial fertilizer containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-dissolving bacteria, and potassium-dissolving bacteria, and apply 140 kg per mu. Mix it evenly with the remaining 20% ​​(i.e. 2.6 kg) of compound fertilizer, and apply it together at 9-11 cm below the ridge when forming ridges.

[0043] Fertilizer Fertilizer selection: Diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are used.

[0044] Fertilizer application amount: 7 kg of diammonium phosphate and 3 kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0045] Fertilization method: When sowing, use a sowing and fertilization machine to apply the seed fertilizer 6-8 cm below the seed side to avoid direct contact between the seed fertilizer and the seed to prevent burning of seeds and seedlings, and meet the soybean seedling stage's needs for phosphorus, potassium and some nitrogen.

[0046] top dressing Root topdressing: During the soybean branching period, combine inter-cultivation and soil cultivation, and apply 4.5 kg of urea per mu. Dig a trench 9-11 cm away from the soybean plant, with a depth of 9-11 cm, evenly apply urea into the trench, and then cover with soil to promote the nutritional growth of soybean plants and increase the number of branches.

[0047] Foliar topdressing Initial flowering period: use 0.25% borax solution (i.e. 125 g borax mixed with 50 kg water) plus 0.12% ammonium molybdate solution (i.e. 60 g ammonium molybdate mixed with 50 kg water) per mu, then add 140 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mix well and spray on the leaves to promote flower bud differentiation and pollen tube elongation, and increase pollination and fruit set rate.

[0048] Pod-setting and grain-filling stage: use 200 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 300 g urea per mu, dilute with 60 kg water and spray on the leaves. Spray once every 8-10 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row to prevent premature senescence of leaves, improve leaf photosynthesis efficiency, promote full pods, and increase grain weight.

[0049] Example 4 base fertilizer Organic fertilizer: Before land preparation in autumn, apply 1,400 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure per mu. Spread the farmyard manure evenly on the surface, then deep plow to a depth of 24-27 cm to fully mix the organic fertilizer with the soil, improve the soil structure, enhance the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water, and create a good soil environment for soybean growth.

[0050] Fertilizer: Use nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (1-1.5-1.3), and apply 16 kg per mu. Use special fertilizer machinery to apply 75% (i.e. 12 kg) of compound fertilizer to a depth of 11-14 cm under the ridge during ridge formation to provide long-term nutrient support for the middle and late stages of soybean growth.

[0051] Microbial fertilizer: Use compound microbial fertilizer containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-dissolving bacteria, and potassium-dissolving bacteria, and apply 110 kg per mu. Mix it evenly with the remaining 25% (i.e. 4 kg) of compound fertilizer, and apply it together at 7-9 cm below the ridge when forming ridges.

[0052] Fertilizer Fertilizer selection: Diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are used.

[0053] Fertilizer application amount: 5.5 kg of diammonium phosphate and 2.2 kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0054] Fertilization method: When sowing, use a sowing and fertilization machine to apply the seed fertilizer 5-7 cm below the seed side to avoid direct contact between the seed fertilizer and the seed to prevent burning of seeds and seedlings, and meet the soybean seedling stage's needs for phosphorus, potassium and some nitrogen.

[0055] top dressing Root topdressing: During the soybean branching period, combine inter-cultivation and soil cultivation, and apply 3.8 kg of urea per mu. Dig a trench 8-10 cm away from the soybean plant, with a depth of 8-10 cm, evenly apply urea into the trench, and then cover with soil to promote the nutritional growth of soybean plants and increase the number of branches.

[0056] Foliar topdressing Initial flowering period: use 0.18% borax solution (i.e. 90 g borax in 50 kg water) plus 0.09% ammonium molybdate solution (i.e. 45 g ammonium molybdate in 50 kg water) per mu, then add 110 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mix well and spray on the leaves to promote flower bud differentiation and pollen tube elongation, and increase pollination and fruit set rate.

[0057] Pod-setting and grain-filling stage: use 160 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 220 g urea per mu, dilute with 45 kg water and spray on the leaves. Spray once every 7-9 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row to prevent premature senescence of leaves, improve leaf photosynthesis efficiency, promote full pods, and increase grain weight.

[0058] Example 5 base fertilizer Organic fertilizer: Before land preparation in autumn, apply 1,600 kg of fully decomposed farmyard manure per mu. Spread the farmyard manure evenly on the surface, then deep plow to a depth of 26-30 cm to fully mix the organic fertilizer with the soil, improve the soil structure, enhance the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water, and create a good soil environment for soybean growth.

[0059] Fertilizer: Use nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (1-1.5-1.2), and apply 14 kg per mu. Use special fertilizer machinery to apply 65% ​​(i.e. 9.1 kg) of the compound fertilizer to a depth of 12-15 cm under the ridge during ridge formation to provide long-term nutrient support for the middle and late stages of soybean growth.

[0060] Microbial fertilizer: Use compound microbial fertilizer containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-dissolving bacteria, and potassium-dissolving bacteria, and apply 130 kg per mu. Mix it evenly with the remaining 35% (i.e. 4.9 kg) of compound fertilizer, and apply it together at 8-10 cm below the ridge when forming ridges.

[0061] Fertilizer Fertilizer selection: Diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate are used.

[0062] Fertilizer application amount: 6.5 kg of diammonium phosphate and 2.8 kg of potassium sulfate per mu.

[0063] Fertilization method: When sowing, use a sowing and fertilization machine to apply the seed fertilizer 5-7 cm below the seed side to avoid direct contact between the seed fertilizer and the seed to prevent burning of seeds and seedlings, and meet the soybean seedling stage's needs for phosphorus, potassium and some nitrogen.

[0064] top dressing Root topdressing: During the soybean branching period, combine inter-cultivation and soil cultivation, and apply 4.2 kg of urea per mu. Dig a trench 8-10 cm away from the soybean plant, with a depth of 8-10 cm, evenly apply urea into the trench, and then cover with soil to promote the nutritional growth of soybean plants and increase the number of branches.

[0065] Foliar topdressing Initial flowering period: use 0.22% borax solution (i.e. 110 g borax mixed with 50 kg water) plus 0.11% ammonium molybdate solution (i.e. 55 g ammonium molybdate mixed with 50 kg water) per mu, then add 130 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate, mix well and spray on the leaves to promote flower bud differentiation and pollen tube elongation, and increase pollination and fruit set rate.

[0066] Pod-setting and grain-filling stage: use 190 g potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 280 g urea per mu, dilute with 55 kg water and spray on the leaves. Spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row to prevent premature senescence of leaves, improve leaf photosynthesis efficiency, promote full pods, and increase grain weight.

[0067] Experimental example The fertilization scheme provided in Example 1 was used to carry out a soybean wide-bed large-ridge planting experiment: 1. Basic information of the experimental plot The soil type is typical brown soil, and its basic physical and chemical properties are as follows: pH: 6.78 Organic matter content: 2.02% Alkaline nitrogen content: 88.56mg / kg Available phosphorus content: 24.65mg / kg Quick-acting potassium content: 118.34 mg / kg 2. Experimental Materials Soybean variety: We selected the "Kenfeng 16" variety, which is popularized locally and performs well in the wide platform and large ridge planting mode. This variety has the characteristics of strong adaptability and stable yield, and its growth period is about 120 days.

[0068] 3. Experimental Design Experimental group: see Example 1.

[0069] Control group 1 (conventional fertilization program): Base fertilizer: Apply 30 kg of general nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (1-1.5-1.2) per mu. Spread it evenly on the ground surface, and then use a rotary tiller to plow the ground to a depth of 20 cm to initially mix the fertilizer with the soil.

[0070] Seed fertilizer: No seed fertilizer is applied.

[0071] Topdressing: Apply 10 kg / mu of urea during the soybean branching and flowering stages. Apply manually and irrigate immediately after spreading. The watering volume is 30 cubic meters / mu to ensure that the urea dissolves and penetrates into the soil. Do not apply foliar topdressing.

[0072] Control group 2 (single fertilizer with different proportions): Base fertilizer: Use nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (20-10-10), apply 25 kg per mu. Use a ridging fertilizer spreader to apply it at a depth of 12 cm under the ridge at one time during ridge forming.

[0073] Seed fertilizer: 3 kg of diammonium phosphate per mu. When sowing, use the fertilizer device attached to the seeder to apply the seed fertilizer 4 cm below the seed side.

[0074] Topdressing: During the soybean branching period, 6 kg of urea is applied per mu. Use a simple trenching tool to dig a trench 6 cm away from the plant, with a depth of 6 cm. Apply urea and cover with soil. Do not apply foliar topdressing.

[0075] Control group 3 (organic fertilizer application only): Base fertilizer: Before land preparation in autumn, apply 3,000 kg of fully decomposed pig manure per mu. After mechanical application, deep plowing is carried out with a plowing depth of 27 cm. No chemical fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer.

[0076] Seed fertilizer: No seed fertilizer is applied.

[0077] Top dressing: No top dressing is done during the entire growing period, and no foliar top dressing is done.

[0078] Each treatment was repeated five times in random blocks. The area of ​​the plot was 30 square meters, and a 50-cm wide isolation zone was set between the plots to prevent fertilizer and water from interfering with each other.

[0079] IV. Experimental Procedure The agricultural machinery and tools required for the experiment, such as deep tillage plows, ridging and fertilizer applicators, all-in-one sowing and fertilization machines, sprayers, etc., are comprehensively inspected and debugged to ensure their good performance and accurate operation.

[0080] Set up obvious signs and protective facilities around the experimental site to prevent external factors from interfering with the experiment.

[0081] sowing: According to local climatic conditions and soybean variety characteristics, sowing was chosen on May 10. Before sowing, soybean seeds were carefully selected to remove damaged, diseased and insect-infested seeds.

[0082] Use precision seeding and fertilization integrated machine for sowing, ensure the sowing depth is 4 cm, the planting density is 12,000 plants / mu, the row spacing is 60 cm, and the plant spacing is adjusted according to the density. Press down in time after sowing to make the seeds in close contact with the soil, which is conducive to the seeds absorbing water and germination.

[0083] Field management: Irrigation: Reasonable irrigation is carried out according to soil moisture conditions and soybean growth stage. In the soybean seedling stage, the relative soil moisture content is maintained at 60%-65%; in the flowering and pod-setting stage, the water demand increases, and the relative soil moisture content is maintained at 70%-75%; in the grain filling stage, the relative soil moisture content is maintained at 65%-70%. Irrigation uses a drip irrigation system, and the soil moisture is monitored in real time through soil moisture sensors installed in the field. The sensors collect data every 2 hours and automatically control the irrigation time and amount according to the monitoring data.

[0084] Pest and disease control: During the soybean growth period, field inspections are conducted once a week to detect pests and diseases in a timely manner. Integrated prevention and control measures are adopted, with physical and biological control methods being given priority. Physical control is carried out by hanging frequency-vibration insect traps, one lamp is hung per acre, and the height of the lamp is 1.5-1.8 meters above the ground, and it is turned on from sunset to sunrise every day. Biological control is carried out by releasing natural enemy insects. For example, in the early stage of soybean aphids, 200-300 ladybugs are released per acre. When pests and diseases occur more seriously, high-efficiency, low-toxicity, and low-residue chemical pesticides are used for prevention and control, and the instructions for use of pesticides are strictly followed to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products and environmental safety.

[0085] Intertillage and weeding: Intertillage and weeding are carried out at the soybean seedling stage and branching stage. The intertillage depth is controlled at 5-8 cm to loosen the soil, improve soil aeration, promote root growth, and effectively remove weeds in the field. At the same time, soil cultivation is combined with intertillage to enhance the plant's resistance to lodging.

[0086] Plant height: During the soybean seedling, branching, flowering, podding and grain filling stages, 10 soybean plants were randomly selected in each plot. The height of each plant was measured from the cotyledon node to the top growth point of the plant with a tape measure, and the average plant height of the 10 plants was calculated after each measurement as the plant height data of the corresponding period in the plot. Finally, the measured data of each period were combined to reflect the plant height growth of soybeans throughout the entire growth period.

[0087] Stem diameter: During the branching and podding stages, 10 soybean plants were randomly selected in each plot, and the stem diameter was measured 10 cm above the cotyledon node using a vernier caliper with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. After each measurement, the average stem diameter of the 10 plants was calculated as the stem diameter data for the corresponding period in the plot. The final experimental data was analyzed based on the two measurement results.

[0088] Number of leaves: At the seedling stage, 10 soybean plants were randomly selected in each plot, and the number of unfolded true leaves of each plant was directly counted. The average number of leaves of the 10 plants was calculated as the leaf number data of the plot at the seedling stage.

[0089] Number of pods per plant: During the pod-setting period, 10 soybean plants were randomly selected from each plot, and the number of pods on each plant was carefully counted. The average number of pods per plant of the 10 plants was calculated as the data of the number of pods per plant in the plot. At the same time, after the soybeans matured, 50 soybean plants were randomly selected from each plot, the number of pods per plant was counted and the average value was calculated. The data was verified and supplemented with the previous data to determine the final data of the number of pods per plant.

[0090] Number of grains per pod: After the soybeans mature, 100 pods are randomly selected from the pods of 50 soybean plants selected when collecting yield indicators in each plot, and the number of grains in each pod is counted respectively. The average number of grains per pod of these 100 pods is calculated as the data of the number of grains per pod for the plot.

[0091] Hundred-grain weight: Starting from the grain-filling stage, 100 soybean seeds were randomly selected in each plot every 3-5 days (repeated 3 times), and the fresh weight was measured with an electronic balance. The seeds were then dried in an oven at 80°C to constant weight, and the dry weight was measured. The 100-grain weight (dry weight) was calculated for each measurement and the average was taken. Finally, the 100-grain weight data at maturity were selected to reflect the fullness and quality of the soybean grains.

[0092] Yield: After the soybeans mature, each plot is harvested manually to avoid mixing. After harvesting, they are naturally dried in the field until the moisture content is less than 13%, threshed with a thresher, weighed with an electronic scale, and the result converted to kilograms per mu as the yield data for the plot.

[0093] The results are shown in Table 1: Table 1. Experimental results of soybean wide ridge cultivation

[0094] From Table 1, the fertilization scheme of Example 1 shows many advantages. From the perspective of growth indicators, it can comprehensively promote the nutritional growth of soybean plants, so that plants have advantages in plant height, stem thickness and number of leaves, laying a good foundation for reproductive growth. In the reproductive growth stage, the scheme effectively increased the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per pod and the weight of 100 grains. The synergistic improvement of these yield components ultimately led to a significant increase in yield. Although the conventional fertilization scheme of Control Group 1 can meet the basic growth needs of soybeans, it is not as effective as the experimental group in promoting plant growth and yield improvement. Control Group 2 only applies chemical fertilizers and different ratios. Due to the relatively simple fertilizer structure, there are deficiencies in the continuous supply of soil fertility and the comprehensive growth regulation of plants. Control Group 3 only applies organic fertilizers. Although it has a certain effect on soil improvement, it cannot meet the needs of high soybean yields due to the insufficient intensity and timeliness of nutrient supply.

[0095] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the fertilization scheme provided by the present invention can fully meet the needs of soybean growth and development for various nutrients by reasonably matching organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers and microbial fertilizers, and accurately fertilizing at different growth stages, and coordinate the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, thereby showing obvious superiority in soybean wide-bed and large-ridge planting, and providing a strong guarantee for the high yield and high quality of soybeans.

[0096] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fertilization method suitable for soybean wide ridges, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Apply basal fertilizers, including organic fertilizers, chemical fertilizers and microbial fertilizers; applying seed fertilizers, including diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate; Apply top dressing, including root top dressing, foliar top dressing during the initial flowering period, and foliar top dressing during the pod and grain setting period.

2. The fertilization method suitable for soybean wide platform and large ridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer is fully decomposed farmyard manure, and the application amount is 1200-1800 kg / mu. The application time is before land preparation in autumn. The application method is to spread it evenly on the surface and then deep plowing, and the deep plowing depth is 22-32 cm.

3. The fertilization method suitable for soybean wide platform and large ridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer is a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, with an application rate of 13 to 18 kilograms per mu. It is applied during ridge forming by a special fertilizer application machinery. The deep application ratio during ridge forming is 60% to 80%, and the fertilization depth is 10 to 16 centimeters.

4. The fertilization method suitable for soybean wide platform and large ridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microbial fertilizer is a composite microbial fertilizer containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria. The application amount per mu is 100-140 kg. After being mixed with compound fertilizer, it is applied 6-11 cm below the ridge.

5. The fertilization method suitable for soybean wide platform and large ridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seed fertilizers are diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, with the application rate of diammonium phosphate being 5 to 7 kilograms per mu and the application rate of potassium sulfate being 2 to 3 kilograms per mu.

6. The fertilization method suitable for soybean wide platform and large ridge according to claim 5, characterized in that: When sowing, use a sowing and fertilizing machine to apply the seed fertilizer 4 to 8 cm below the seed side.

7. The fertilization method suitable for soybean wide platform and large ridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The root topdressing is carried out during the soybean branching period in combination with inter-tillage and soil cultivation. The fertilizer is urea, and the application rate of urea per mu is 3.5-4.5 kg.

8. The fertilization method suitable for soybean wide platform and large ridge according to claim 7, characterized in that: For the root topdressing, a furrow is dug 7 to 11 cm away from the plant, with a depth of 7 to 11 cm. Urea is evenly applied and then covered with soil.

9. The fertilization method suitable for soybean wide platform and large ridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foliar topdressing in the initial flowering period is 0.15%-0.25% borax, 0.08%-0.12% ammonium molybdate, and 0.2%-0.28% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which are sprayed on the leaves.

10. The fertilization method suitable for soybean wide platform and large ridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foliar topdressing during the pod-setting and grain-filling stage uses 0.25%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.33%-0.5% urea, which are sprayed on the leaves at intervals of 6-10 days.

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