A method for reducing weeds in woodlands around American ginseng

Abstract

The invention provides a method for reducing weeds in the woodlands around American ginseng, and belongs to the field of American ginseng planting technology. The specific method is weeding from July 15 to August 15, sowing uncracked seeds, litter recovery, and natural germination; light-leaved fern blades, cosmos blades, and dandelion blades are mixed evenly to obtain a weed suppression mixture, and forest management is carried out in the spring of the second year. The weed suppression mixture is covered on the ground after sowing in March to April of each year, with a covering thickness greater than 2 cm, and the covering is evenly avoided from exposing the soil surface, and harvested in 8 years. The planting method of the present invention makes full use of understory resources, suppresses the growth of most weeds in the woodlands, significantly reduces the biomass of weeds, eliminates the application of herbicides, controls the impact of forestland weed damage on the growth of American ginseng, and is a kind of ecologically sustainable planting model.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of American ginseng planting, and particularly relates to a method for reducing weeds in woodlands around American ginseng. Background Art

[0002] American ginseng is a member of the temperate forest ecosystem. Introduced from the United States in the 1980s, it was successfully cultivated in Anhui. However, due to the limited ability to replant ginseng in the garden, pests and diseases pose a significant threat. This has led to a decline in the cultivated area in recent years, making it difficult to guarantee the quality and safety of the ginseng. Simulated wild ginseng follows ecological principles, rationally combining biological populations to fully utilize natural resources such as land, light, air, water, and fertilizer, thereby increasing the resource conversion space within the forest.

[0003] American ginseng requires an average annual temperature of around 13°C, a frost-free period of 150-200 days, and abundant rainfall. It prefers shade and humidity and avoids strong sunlight and high temperatures. Its optimum growing temperature is 18-24°C and its relative humidity is around 80%. It has strict soil requirements and thrives on loose, thick, humus-rich forest sandy loam with a pH of 5.5-6.5. Continuous cropping is undesirable. If conditions permit, the soil can be piled up over a winter and summer, then frozen and sun-dried to fully decompose. Avoid preparing the soil immediately before use. Till the sowing site to a depth of approximately 20 cm (not too deep) to allow the soil to weather and decompose, allowing dead branches and leaves to fully decompose. After a year of rest, plow the soil again. Mix 0.08 kg of 50% carbendazim, 2-3 kg of well-rotted manure, 1 kg of bone meal, or 2 kg of superphosphate per square meter and apply this as base fertilizer. Then, shallowly plow the soil once, leveling and harrowing it. Work paths should be 80-100 cm wide to facilitate drainage, air circulation, and scattered light. After leveling the land, create ridges 120-150 cm wide, with the length depending on the specific situation. The ridges should be 25 cm high, running north-south. Disinfect the soil. Use 0.01-0.02 g of 80% mancozeb per square meter, 0.01-0.03 kg of 50% thiophanate-ethyl per square meter, or 0.01-0.03 kg of 40% mildew-killer per square meter for effective disinfection.

[0004] However, simulated wild ginseng cultivation is entirely planted in natural forests. The long-term cultivation period leads to the vigorous growth of weeds under the forest, which can severely inhibit the growth of ginseng. Currently, weed control during the 1-2 year seedling stage is primarily achieved through spraying chemical herbicides and manual weeding. However, the use of herbicides can cause various hazards, such as pesticide residues, damage to biodiversity, and alteration of soil microbial community structure.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a natural method to reduce weeds in the woodlands around American ginseng, which can provide a new direction for the development of low-input, high-quality American ginseng and improve the function of protecting forest ecosystems, and has great practical application value. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the issues of herbicide residue generation, time-consuming and labor-intensive manual weeding, and the inconvenience of manual weeding in forests, the present invention provides a method for reducing weeds in the woodlands surrounding American ginseng. This method can improve the quality of American ginseng and the regulatory capacity of forest ecosystems, while reducing the amount of weeds surrounding American ginseng. The specific method comprises the following steps.

[0007] ① When the grass seeds in the forest are immature, remove all weeds and sow the American ginseng seeds that have not cracked. Cover the soil after sowing, and then cover the soil with 1-3 cm thick natural dead branches and leaves from the forest and harmlessly treated weeds.

[0008] ② Soak fresh cosmos and dandelion leaves in potassium hydroxide solution for 10 to 30 minutes, and then air-dry them to obtain treated cosmos and dandelion leaves;

[0009] ③ Drying fresh fern leaves and the treated cosmos and dandelion leaves separately to obtain fern leaves, cosmos leaves, and dandelion leaves having a moisture content of 18-20%. After drying, the fern leaves, cosmos leaves, and dandelion leaves are uniformly mixed to obtain a weed suppressing mixture;

[0010] ④ In March to April of each year after sowing American ginseng, cover the weed suppression mixture prepared in step ③ on the ground after sowing, with a covering thickness greater than 2 cm and covering evenly to avoid exposing the soil surface.

[0011] Among them, at longitude 115°20′~117°14′ and latitude 31°01′~32°40′, the time when the woodland grass seeds are immature is between July 15 and August 15.

[0012] Among them, the forest land is a mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest with an altitude ranging from 500 to 1200 meters, a sandy soil pH value of 4.5, and a canopy density between 0.6 and 0.80.

[0013] The thousand-grain weight of the uncracked American ginseng seeds is between 65 and 75 g.

[0014] Wherein, the American ginseng seeds are treated with a seed coating agent before sowing.

[0015] Among them, according to the sowing width of 130-150cm and the trail width of 30-50cm, sowing is carried out by making holes along the line, placing 2-3 seeds in each hole, and the distance between the holes is 10-15cm.

[0016] The harmless treatment is a process of physically crushing the weed waste and then killing weed seeds, pathogenic bacteria and insect eggs at 70-80°C.

[0017] Wherein, in step ③, the drying condition is to place it at 45~55℃ and dry it with forced air for 12~40h.

[0018] The mixture of the fern leaves, cosmos leaves and dandelion leaves is specifically mixed in a mass ratio of fern leaves: cosmos: dandelion = 8:1:1 to 6:2:2.

[0019] Among them, potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer is sprayed during the peak growth period of American ginseng from June to July every year. Beneficial effects

[0020] 1. The planting method for reducing weeds in the woodlands around American ginseng of the present invention is based on the characteristics of weed growth in the woodlands in the western Anhui mountainous areas. When the weed seeds are immature from mid-to-early July to early August, the weeds are first removed with their roots and harmlessly treated. The difference in space and time between weed seed production and germination of American ginseng seeds is utilized to adopt a regular planting sequence. After sowing the American ginseng seeds, they are covered with dead branches and fallen leaves and harmlessly treated weeds to prevent the weed seeds that mature in the surrounding area from falling and taking root in autumn. Uncracked American ginseng seeds are sown, and the low soil temperature in the woodlands in winter is utilized to naturally accelerate germination, thereby avoiding sowing cracked seeds in autumn, which would cause the weed seeds and American ginseng seeds to take root and germinate at the same time. Since the needles in the dead branches and fallen leaves of coniferous forests or mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests have a high resin content, have antibacterial and antiseptic effects, decompose slowly, and can form an effective cover on the soil surface to inhibit soil pathogens. At the same time, the dead leaves can block the contact between the weed seeds and the soil, making the weed seeds unable to access water and nutrients, thereby preventing the weed seeds from taking root and germination.

[0021] The planting method of the present invention involves soaking fresh cosmos and dandelions in potassium hydroxide, drying them, and mixing them with dried fern. This significantly reduces the biomass of weeds in forests, eliminating the need for herbicides or manual weeding, and achieving the goal of controlling weed infestations in forests. Furthermore, this technique significantly improves the survival rate of American ginseng seedlings.

[0022] 2. The present invention's under-forest imitation wild American ginseng planting method fully utilizes forest resources and improves the system's biodiversity. The fallen needles can effectively cover the exposed soil after sowing in the forest, reducing the occurrence of pests and diseases. Moreover, since weeds are returned to the forest, soil organic fertilizer input can be increased, improving the soil environment. Therefore, the planting method of the present invention is an ecologically sustainable planting model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 These are photos of the range marked by the red circle of the method in Example 1 and the range marked by the red circle of the control group.

[0024] Figure 2 These are photos of the range marked by the red circle of the method in Example 2 and the range marked by the red circle of the control group.

[0025] Figure 3 These are photos of the range marked by the red circle of the method in Example 3 and the range marked by the red circle of the control group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples. All methods and techniques, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods and techniques.

[0027] The experimental forest farm of the present invention is located in a forest zone in the western Anhui mountainous area at longitude 115°20′-117°14′ and latitude 31°01′-32°40′, and the forest coverage rate of the forest farm is 70%-80%.

[0028] The forest should be located at an altitude between 500 and 1200 meters. At the upper limit, 1100 to 1200 meters, choose sunny slopes with winter frost protection. At the lower limit, 500 to 600 meters, choose shady slopes with high forest density. The slope of ginseng forest should be between 5° and 30°, with shaded and semi-shaded slopes being the primary orientation.

[0029] The soil layer thickness of the experimental forest is greater than 40 cm, the humus layer is above 8 cm to 10 cm, the soil is sandy, slightly acidic, the soil has good permeability, and can retain water and fertilizer. Example 1

[0030] In this embodiment, the planting time of American ginseng was selected on July 30, and a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest was selected, with a shady slope of 800 meters above sea level, a sandy soil pH of 4.5, and a canopy density of 0.80 for planting American ginseng. The 1,000-grain weight of the uncracked seeds was between 65 and 75 g, and the seeds were soaked in 400 times the solution of carbendazim for 30 minutes before sowing.

[0031] 1. When the grass seeds in the forest are immature, select 3 to 4 experimental forest plots with the same conditions and uproot all the weeds therein. According to the sowing width of 130-150cm and the width of the trail of 30-50cm, sow in holes along the line, place 2-3 seeds in each hole, and the hole distance is 10-15cm. Cover with soil after sowing to complete the sowing. After sowing, cover with 1cm thick natural dead branches and leaves of the forest and harmless weeds. The harmless treatment is the process of physically crushing the weed waste and killing weed seeds, pathogens and eggs at 75℃. The natural dead branches and leaves are broad leaves and needles in the forest area. After covering, it prevents the mature grass seeds in the surrounding area from taking root in autumn.

[0032] 2. Use pure water to prepare potassium hydroxide into a 40g / L potassium hydroxide solution, place fresh leaves of fern, cosmos and dandelion in the 40g / L potassium hydroxide solution and soak for 10-30 minutes. After soaking, air-dry to obtain the treated fern, cosmos and dandelion.

[0033] 3. Place the treated fern, cosmos, and dandelion under forced air drying at 45-55°C for 12-40 hours to obtain fern, cosmos, and dandelion leaves with a moisture content of 18-20%, and mix them in a mass ratio of fern: cosmos: dandelion = 8:1:1 to obtain a weed suppression mixture, which is stored in a cool, dry place.

[0034] 4. Cover the ground with the above weed suppression mixture in March and April every year after sowing American ginseng. The covering thickness should be greater than 2 cm. Cover evenly to avoid exposing the soil surface.

[0035] 5. Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer during the peak growth period of American ginseng from June to July each year.

[0036] 6. Harvest American ginseng flowers in the 4th to 5th year of planting, harvest seeds in the 6th to 7th year, and harvest American ginseng after the 8th year.

[0037] A 1m x 1m area was marked with a red circle in the planting area, and the number of weeds and their growth were counted regularly. The control group was a blank group that was not covered with the weed suppressant mixture. Other treatment methods were the same. The comparison results are shown in Figure 1 .

[0038] In this example, the weed biomass in the treatment group was 27±9 g·m -2 The weed biomass of the control group was 400 ± 25 g·m -2 ; Seedling survival rate, treatment group was 119 plants·m -2 The number of ginseng seedlings in the control group was 20 plants·m -2 . Example 2

[0039] In this embodiment, American ginseng was planted on July 15th in a mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest on a shady slope at an altitude of 800 meters, with sandy soil, a pH of 4.5, and a canopy density of 0.6. Uncracked seeds had a thousand-grain weight of 65-75g and were soaked in a 200-fold dilution of tebuconazole for 15 minutes before sowing.

[0040] 1. When the grass seeds in the forest are immature, select 3 to 4 experimental forest plots with the same conditions and uproot all the weeds therein. With a sowing width of 130 cm and a trail width of 30 cm, sow seeds in holes along the line, placing 2 seeds in each hole, with a hole distance of 10 cm. Cover with soil after sowing to complete the sowing. After sowing, cover with 2 cm of dead branches and leaves and harmlessly treated weeds. The harmless treatment is a process of physically crushing the weed waste and killing weed seeds, pathogens and eggs at 75°C. The natural dead branches and leaves are broad leaves and needles in the forest area. After covering, it prevents the mature grass seeds in the surrounding area from taking root in autumn.

[0041] 2. Use pure water to prepare potassium hydroxide into a 20 g / L potassium hydroxide solution, place fresh leaves of fern, cosmos and dandelion in the 20 g / L potassium hydroxide solution and soak for 30 minutes. After soaking, air-dry to obtain the treated fern, cosmos and dandelion.

[0042] 3. The treated fern, cosmos, and dandelion were placed under forced air drying at 55°C for 12 hours to obtain fern, cosmos, and dandelion leaves with a moisture content of 18-20%, and the leaves were mixed in a mass ratio of fern: cosmos: dandelion = 7:2:1 to obtain a weed suppression mixture, which was stored in a cool, dry place.

[0043] 4. Cover the ground with the above weed suppression mixture in March and April every year after sowing American ginseng. The covering thickness should be greater than 2 cm. Cover evenly to avoid exposing the soil surface.

[0044] 5. Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer during the peak growth period of American ginseng from June to July each year.

[0045] 6. Harvest American ginseng flowers in the 4th to 5th year of planting, harvest seeds in the 6th to 7th year, and harvest American ginseng after the 8th year.

[0046] A 1m x 1m area was marked with a red circle in the planting area, and the number of weeds and their growth were counted regularly. The control group was a blank group that was not covered with the weed suppressant mixture. Other treatment methods were the same. The comparison results are shown in Figure 2 .

[0047] In this example, the weed biomass in the treatment group was 36±5 g·m -2 The weed biomass of the control group was 421±20 g·m -2 ; Seedling survival rate, treatment group was 130 plants·m -2 The number of ginseng seedlings in the control group was 25 plants·m -2 . Example 3

[0048] In this embodiment, the planting time of American ginseng was selected on August 15, and a coniferous forest was selected, with a semi-shaded slope at an altitude of 1000 meters, a sandy soil pH value of 4.8, and a canopy density of 0.75 for planting American ginseng. Uncracked American ginseng seeds with a thousand-grain weight of between 65 and 75g were used, and the seeds were soaked in 500 times the solution of carbendazim for 60 minutes before sowing.

[0049] 1. When the grass seeds in the forest are immature, select 3 to 4 experimental forest plots with the same conditions and uproot all the weeds therein. According to the sowing width of 150 cm and the width of the trail of 50 cm, sow in holes along the line, place 3 seeds in each hole, and the hole distance is 15 cm. Cover with soil after sowing to complete the sowing. After sowing, cover with 3 cm of dead branches and leaves and harmless weeds. The harmless treatment is the process of physically crushing the weed waste and killing weed seeds, pathogenic bacteria and insect eggs at 75 ° C. The natural dead branches and leaves are broad leaves and needles in the forest area. After covering, it prevents the mature grass seeds in the surrounding area from taking root in autumn.

[0050] 2. Use pure water to prepare potassium hydroxide into a 50g / L potassium hydroxide solution, place fresh leaves of fern, cosmos and dandelion in the 50g / L potassium hydroxide solution and soak for 10 minutes. After soaking, air-dry to obtain the treated fern, cosmos and dandelion.

[0051] 3. The treated leaves of fern, cosmos and dandelion were placed under blast drying at 45°C for 40 hours to obtain leaves of fern, cosmos and dandelion with a moisture content of 18-20%, and the leaves were mixed in a mass ratio of fern: cosmos: dandelion = 6:2:2 to obtain a weed suppression mixture, which was stored in a cool and dry place.

[0052] 4. Cover the ground with the above weed suppression mixture in March and April every year after sowing American ginseng. The covering thickness should be greater than 2 cm. Cover evenly to avoid exposing the soil surface.

[0053] 5. Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer during the peak growth period of American ginseng from June to July each year.

[0054] 6. Harvest American ginseng flowers in the 4th to 5th year of planting, harvest seeds in the 6th to 7th year, and harvest American ginseng after the 8th year.

[0055] A 1m x 1m area was marked with a red circle in the planting area, and the number of weeds and their growth were counted regularly. The control group was a blank group that was not covered with the weed suppressant mixture. Other treatment methods were the same. The comparison results are shown in Figure 3 .

[0056] In this example, the weed biomass in the treatment group was 32±7 g·m -2 The weed biomass of the control group was 421±33 g·m -2 ; Seedling survival rate, treatment group was 145 plants·m -2 The number of ginseng seedlings in the control group was 33 plants·m -2 .

Claims

1. A method for reducing weeds in the woodland around American ginseng, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: ① When the grass seeds in the forest are immature, remove all weeds and sow uncracked American ginseng seeds. Cover the soil after sowing, and then cover the soil with 1-3 cm thick natural dead branches and leaves from the forest and harmlessly treated weeds. ② Soak fresh cosmos and dandelion leaves in potassium hydroxide solution for 10 to 30 minutes, and then air-dry them to obtain treated cosmos and dandelion leaves; ③ Drying fresh fern leaves and the treated cosmos and dandelion leaves separately to obtain fern leaves, cosmos leaves, and dandelion leaves having a moisture content of 18-20%. After drying, the fern leaves, cosmos leaves, and dandelion leaves are uniformly mixed to obtain a weed suppressing mixture; ④ In March to April of each year after sowing American ginseng, cover the weed suppression mixture prepared in step ③ on the ground after sowing, with a covering thickness greater than 2 cm and covering evenly to avoid exposing the soil surface.

2. The method for reducing weeds in the woodland around American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forest land is located at longitude 115°20′~117°14′ and latitude 31°01′~32°40′, and the time when the grass seeds in the forest land are immature is between July 15 and August 15.

3. The method for reducing weeds in the woodland around American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The forest land is a mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest with an altitude ranging from 500 to 1200 meters, a sandy soil with a pH value of 4.5, and a canopy density between 0.6 and 0.

80.

4. The method for reducing weeds in the woodland around American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thousand-grain weight of the uncracked American ginseng seeds is between 65 and 75 g.

5. The method for reducing weeds in the woodland around American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The American ginseng seeds are treated with a seed coating agent before sowing.

6. The method for reducing weeds in the woodland around American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the sowing width of 130-150cm and the trail width of 30-50cm, sow seeds along the line, place 2-3 seeds in each hole, and the distance between the holes is 10-15cm.

7. The method for reducing weeds in the woodlands around American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The harmless treatment is a process of physically crushing the weed waste and then killing weed seeds, pathogenic bacteria and insect eggs at 70-80°C.

8. The method for reducing weeds in the woodlands around American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step ③, the drying condition is to place it at 45-55°C and dry it with forced air for 12-40 hours.

9. The method for reducing weeds in the woodland around American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixture of fern leaves, cosmos leaves and dandelion leaves is specifically mixed in a mass ratio of fern leaves: cosmos: dandelion = 8:1:1~6:2:

2.

10. The method for reducing weeds in the woodland around American ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: Spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer during the peak growth period of American ginseng from June to July every year.

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