Comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of polygonatum cyrtonema

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating soil-borne diseases of polygonatum cyrtonema. The method comprises five aspects of planting base selection and soil disinfection, seedling (seed stem) selection and disinfection, soil preparation and seedling transplanting, fertilization, comprehensive prevention and control of agricultural, physical and chemical prevention and control and the like. Aiming at the problems that the soil-borne diseases of polygonatum cyrtonema are seriously harmed and difficult to prevent and control, the comprehensive prevention and control method for the soil-borne diseases of polygonatum cyrtonema combining agricultural prevention and control, physical prevention and control, biological prevention and control and chemical prevention and control is established, and the problems that the soil-borne diseases of polygonatum cyrtonema are difficult to prevent and control and the soil-borne diseases of polygonatum cyrtonema are difficult to prevent and control can be effectively solved. The problems of excessive pesticide residues, pollution and the like caused by single chemical control are solved, the sustainable development of the polygonatum cyrtonema industry is guaranteed, and the pesticide safety problem is solved. Meanwhile, the adopted biological bacterial fertilizer can effectively delay development of soil-borne diseases of polygonatum cyrtonema and reduce harm of the soil-borne diseases, the growth amount of rhizomes of polygonatum cyrtonema is increased, the adopted compound preparation has the effects of disease prevention and growth promotion, and the obtained medicinal materials are consistent in active ingredient content, stable, reliable and good in popularization prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of plant protection, and in particular relates to a comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema. Background Art

[0002] Soil-borne diseases such as leaf blight, stem rot, and root rot seriously threaten the production of Polygonatum cyrtonema. There are three technical difficulties in the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases. First, soil-borne diseases are usually highly concealed and difficult to detect in time. Once they occur, they spread very quickly, covering a large area and making them difficult to control. Second, pathogens can survive for a long time in the form of conidia and chlamydospores in the soil, plant debris, dead branches and leaves, and weeds. Single chemical control is difficult to completely eliminate the pathogens. Third, long-term use of chemical agents for prevention and control will cause pathogens to develop drug resistance, which will gradually weaken the prevention and control effect or even make it ineffective, which can easily lead to environmental pollution and medicinal material safety problems.

[0003] The present invention establishes a comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema that combines agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention and chemical prevention, which can effectively delay the development of soil-borne diseases and reduce their impact on the production of Polygonatum cyrtonema, effectively solve a series of problems such as increased resistance, environmental pollution and medicinal material safety caused by single chemical prevention, ensure the sustainable development of the Polygonatum cyrtonema industry and solve the problem of drug safety. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema, in order to solve a series of problems such as the difficulty in preventing and controlling such diseases and the increased resistance, environmental pollution and medicinal material safety caused by single chemical prevention and control.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema, comprising the following steps: S1: Selection of planting base and soil disinfection; Choose a planting base with good air, water and soil pollution-free broad-leaved forest, bamboo forest or mixed forest, an altitude of more than 400m, and a canopy density of 40-60%. Disinfect the soil before transplanting, spread biological fertilizer after soil disinfection, and use it to plant Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings or seed stems after 15-20 days; S2: Selection and disinfection of seedlings or seed stems; S2-1: Select healthy, disease-free, undamaged, and 5 cm tall Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings, or select robust, disease-free, plump buds, complete fibrous roots, and uniform size Polygonatum cyrtonema rhizomes; S2-2: soak the Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings in disinfectant for disinfection, remove them and air dry them naturally, and then disinfect them with plant ash for later use; or cut the rhizomes of Polygonatum cyrtonema into sections and soak them in disinfectant for rhizomes disinfection, remove them and air dry them naturally, and then disinfect them with plant ash for later use; S3: land preparation and seedling transplanting; Adopt high ridge cultivation, make high ridges on the disinfected planting base, and plant the disinfected seedlings or seed stems in the high ridges in the form of hole planting, covered with humus soil, of which the seedlings are planted in mid-to-late March, 2000-2500 plants per mu, and the seed stems are planted in late autumn, 1500-2000 plants per mu; and interplant with peach and plum trees, 1000-1500 plants per mu; S4: fertilization; Fertilize according to the phenological season and plant growth; S5: Agricultural, physical and chemical control; Before planting and in autumn when the upper parts of the plants wither, clean the fields, burn the dead branches, leaves, weeds and the upper parts of the cut plants, and spread the ash back into the fields; When the diseased plant rate is less than 10%, the diseased plants can be removed in time and burned in batches, and the diseased holes can be disinfected with plant ash or quicklime; When the disease rate is greater than 10%, use a compound preparation for root irrigation.

[0006] Furthermore, the step of disinfecting the soil in step S1 is to deep-plow the soil, mix the disinfectant dazomethan with the soil evenly, spread it and deep-plow the soil again, the dosage of dazomethan per mu is 15-20 kg, and cover the soil with a film after spraying water evenly with a sprayer, and remove the film after 20-25 days.

[0007] Furthermore, the biological fertilizer in step S1 is obtained by mixing compost product, inorganic fertilizer and Bacillus aeruginosa dry powder in a weight ratio of 4:1:2, and the water content of the biological fertilizer is 15%-20%.

[0008] The preparation steps of the above compost product are as follows: Take 15 kg of waste mushroom stick residue crushed after cultivating edible fungi, black fungus or ganoderma, add 25-30% sucrose, 5-10% bran, 70-80% corn flour and 15-20% ammonium bicarbonate by weight of the waste mushroom stick residue, stir evenly, and sterilize at high temperature as a solid fermentation medium; inoculate Trichoderma harzianum into the solid fermentation medium, and the inoculation amount is 3-5×10 4 spores / g, covered with white plastic film and fermented for 15-20 days to obtain the mother strain of Trichoderma harzianum; the fermentation conditions are: pH 7-8, culture temperature 25-28°C, humidity 50-65%; The waste mushroom stick residue crushed after cultivating edible fungi, black fungus or ganoderma lucidum is mixed with superphosphate in a weight ratio of (150-250):1 to obtain a mixture; the fermented mother strain of Trichoderma harzianum is mixed with the mixture in a weight ratio of 1:(150-200) to obtain a compost product.

[0009] The above-mentioned inorganic fertilizer includes 30 parts of urea, 25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate, and 3 parts of ferrous sulfate.

[0010] The preparation steps of the above-mentioned Bacillus aggrad powder are as follows: 25g / L sucrose, 6g / L ammonium sulfate, 60g / L bran, 3g / L trisodium citrate, 0.5g / L K2HPO4 . 3H2O, 0.5g / L MgSO4 . 7H2O, 0.05g / L FeSO4 . 7H2O was added to the fermentation tank and stirred for 20-30 minutes. After sterilization by high pressure steam, the NA medium was added to activate the Bacillus aggradii strain for 36 hours after the temperature dropped to below 28°C. The culture was aerated and the content of Bacillus aggradii in the fermentation broth reached 1×10 9 cfu / mL~1×10 10 cfu / mL, the fermentation broth was dried to obtain Bacillus agglutinosa dry powder.

[0011] Furthermore, the disinfectant described in step S2 is a 3000-5000-fold dilution of 6.25% Liangdun or a 400-600-fold dilution of 25% carbendazim, and the immersion time of the disinfectant is 30-50 minutes.

[0012] Furthermore, the high ridge in step S3 has a ridge surface width of 100-120 cm, a furrow width of 30-50 cm, and a furrow depth of 25-40 cm; planting holes are set on the ridge surface, and 0.2-0.3 kg of basal fertilizer per plant is applied into the planting holes before planting, wherein the basal fertilizer consists of biological fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, the ratio of N:P:K in the inorganic fertilizer is 10:12:23, and the amount of inorganic fertilizer is 10% to 15% of the total weight of the basal fertilizer.

[0013] Furthermore, the fertilization method described in step S4 is: topdressing twice a year, the first time is in June at the beginning of fruiting, 0.1kg~0.2kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is spread in each root controller, the ratio of N, P and K in the high-potassium compound fertilizer is 6:6:28, and the second time is in late autumn and early winter, after the aboveground part of Polygonatum cyrtonema falls over, topdressing biological fertilizer, 0.3kg~0.5kg / plant.

[0014] Furthermore, the compound preparation described in step S5 is obtained by mixing 45% prochloraz 1000-1500 times diluted solution, 25% carbendazim 500-800 times diluted solution, 3% gibberellic acid 1500-2000 times diluted solution, and 5% indolebutyric acid naphthylacetic acid 3000-4000 times diluted solution in a ratio of 4:3:2:1. The root irrigation method is to irrigate 100 mL per diseased plant, and halve the amount for plants without disease, and the treatment is repeated for 3 times with an interval of 3-5 days.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: Aiming at the problem that soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema are serious and difficult to control, the present invention establishes a comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema combining agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention and chemical prevention: (1) Agricultural prevention and control measures: First, investigate the occurrence of soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema and establish a prediction and forecasting mechanism for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema to provide a basis for disease prevention; accurate disease forecasting is crucial for timely and effective disease prevention and control; second, weed 3 to 5 times a year. After the upper part of Polygonatum cyrtonema falls over in winter, weeds, dead branches and leaves are removed, and they are burned and returned to the field in a centralized manner to reduce the source of infection and increase soil fertility; third, intercrop with non-Asparagaceae economic crops such as peach and plum. The root secretions of peach and plum can effectively inhibit soil-borne pathogens of Polygonatum cyrtonema; (2) Physical prevention and control measures: The disease rate is less than 10%. Diseased plants can be removed and burned in a timely manner. Diseased holes can be disinfected with plant ash or quicklime to effectively prevent the spread of pathogens and the outbreak of diseases. (3) Biological control measures: Apply biological fertilizer as base fertilizer before planting. After the upper part of the Polygonatum cymbidium plant withers in autumn, apply biological fertilizer as topdressing. This can not only effectively inhibit pathogens, but also promote the growth of plant roots and stems and enhance disease resistance, thereby reducing the use of chemical agents.

[0016] (4) Chemical control measures: When the disease rate is greater than or equal to 10%, the use of compound preparations for root irrigation can effectively control disease outbreaks, promote plant root and rhizome growth, and enhance disease resistance.

[0017] The use of this comprehensive prevention and control method can effectively solve the difficulty in preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema, solve the problems of excessive drug residues and pollution caused by single chemical prevention and control, ensure the sustainable development of the Polygonatum cyrtonema industry and solve the problem of drug safety. At the same time, the biological fertilizer used in the present invention can effectively delay the development of soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema and reduce its harm, increase the growth of Polygonatum cyrtonema rhizomes, the composite preparation used in the present invention has both disease prevention and growth-promoting effects, and the content of effective ingredients in the obtained medicinal materials is consistent, stable and reliable, and has good promotion prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In order to make the contents of the present invention easier to understand, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0020] The number of Trichoderma harzianum in the following embodiments is: Y1_DR2_B_Th1 (source: [Hu Yanping, Identification of pathogens of fungal diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema in Nanping, Fujian and screening of fungicides [D]. 2023, Fuzhou, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University]), and the number of Bacillus altrichti is FJAT-hcl-8 (source: [Zhou Xianzhi, Gao Hui, Li Min, Tang Jianyang, Chen Yang. Study on the diversity of cultivable endophytic bacteria in Polygonatum cyrtonema plants based on 16S rRNA sequences [J]. Chinese Herbal Medicine, 2017, 48(18): 3807-3814.), respectively derived from healthy Polygonatum cyrtonema and Polygonatum cyrtonema plants.

[0021] Preparation of PBS liquid culture medium: 10g peptone, 5g yeast extract, 10g NaCl, dissolve the above ingredients in 950ml distilled water, adjust the pH to 7.0 with 5N sodium hydroxide, and then make up to 1000ml. Sterilize under high pressure for later use.

[0022] Preparation method of the biological fertilizer used: (1) Cultivation of Trichoderma harzianum mother culture: Take 15 kg of waste mushroom residues from the cultivation of edible fungi, black fungus, or Ganoderma lucidum as the main raw material for solid fermentation of biological fertilizer mother culture, add sucrose (25-30% by weight of the waste mushroom residues), 5-10% bran, 70-80% corn flour, and 15-20% ammonium bicarbonate, stir evenly in a blender, and sterilize at high temperature as a solid fermentation medium; activate Trichoderma harzianum with PDA medium for 120 hours, scrape spores to make a spore suspension, and then culture with PSB liquid medium for 120 hours. The spore number is ≥1×10 8 / mL, inoculate Trichoderma harzianum into solid fermentation medium, the inoculation amount is 3~5×10 4 spores / g, covered with white plastic film and fermented for 15-20 days to obtain the mother strain of Trichoderma harzianum; the fermentation conditions are: pH 7-8, culture temperature 25-28°C, humidity 50-65%.

[0023] Compost product: Take the waste mushroom stick residue that has been crushed after cultivating edible fungi, black fungus or ganoderma lucidum, and mix it with superphosphate at a weight ratio of 180:1 to obtain a mixture; then mix the fermented mother strain of Trichoderma harzianum with the mixture at a weight ratio of 1:160, seal it with plastic film, and ferment it for 20-30 days to obtain a compost product.

[0024] (2) Preparation of Bacillus aggrad powder: Mix the culture medium (25 g / L sucrose, 6 g / L ammonium sulfate, 60 g / L bran, 3 g / L trisodium citrate, K2HPO4 . 3H2O 0.5g / L, MgSO4 . 7H2O 0.5g / L, FeSO4 . 7H2O 0.05g / L) was added to the fermentation tank and stirred for 20-30 minutes. After sterilization by high-pressure steam, the NA medium was added to activate the Bacillus aggradii for 36 hours after the temperature dropped to below 28°C. The culture was then aerated to make the content of Bacillus aggradii reach 1×10 9 cfu / mL~1×10 10 cfu / mL; the fermentation broth was then dried to obtain Bacillus aggrad powder.

[0025] The compost product, inorganic fertilizer (30 parts urea, 25 parts potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts zinc sulfate, 1 part magnesium sulfate, 3 parts ferrous sulfate), and Bacillus argyi powder were mixed in a ratio of 4:1:2, with a water content of 15%-20%, and the biological fertilizer (organic matter content ≥45%, total nutrients ≥6, Trichoderma harzianum spores ≥10) was obtained. 8 Spores / g, Bacillus aggradient content ≥10 9 cfu / g).

[0026] Example 1 This embodiment provides a comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema, and the specific implementation steps are: (1) Planting base selection and soil disinfection Selection of planting base: The standardized planting base of Polygonatum cyrtonema should be selected in broad-leaved forests, bamboo forests or mixed forests with good air, water quality and soil pollution-free environment, close to the wild environment of Polygonatum cyrtonema. The planting base should be above 400m above sea level and there should be no pollution sources within 5 kilometers. The irrigation water quality should meet the second-level standard of farmland irrigation water quality standard GB 5084-2005; the atmospheric environment should meet the second-level standard of GB 3095-1996; the soil environment quality should meet the second-level standard of soil quality GB 15168-1995.

[0027] Soil disinfection: Clean up the dead branches and leaves in the planting base. Polygonatum cyrtonema likes shade and is afraid of strong light. The shade degree is 40-60% during the whole growth period. Deeply plow the soil, mix dazomethane with the soil evenly, spread it and plow the soil again. The dosage of dazomethane per mu is 15-20kg; spray water evenly with a sprayer and cover the ground with film. Remove the film after 20-25 days, spread biological fertilizer and plow the soil deeply. The dosage of biological fertilizer per mu is 500-600kg, and prepare for cultivation in 15-20 days.

[0028] (2) Seedling (stem) selection and disinfection Select healthy, undamaged seedlings with a plant height of more than 5 cm. The seed seedlings (tissue culture seedlings) should have a fresh weight of about 5g, a plant height of more than 5 cm, and a root number ≥ 5. Soak the seedlings in disinfectant for 30-50 minutes, remove them and dry them naturally, then disinfect them with wood ash and set them as standby seedlings. The disinfectant should be 3000-5000 times diluted solution of 6.25% Liangdun or 400-600 times diluted solution of 25% carbendazim.

[0029] Or choose robust, disease-free, plump buds, complete fibrous roots, and uniform-sized rhizomes of Polygonatum cyrtonema, with fresh stem weight ≥25g, spores ≥3, and root number ≥10; cut the rhizomes into sections and soak them in disinfectant for 30-50 minutes for disinfection, dry the surface moisture naturally, and then disinfect with wood ash for use; the disinfectant can be 3500 times diluted solution of 6.25% Liangdun or 550 times diluted solution of 25% carbendazim.

[0030] (3) Land preparation and seedling (stem) transplanting The planting base is prepared into a ridge with a width of 100-120cm and a ditch depth of 35-40cm. The ditch is unobstructed and conducive to drainage. The seed stems are planted in late autumn (early to mid-October), 1500-2000 per mu, and the seedlings are planted in mid-to-late March, 2000-2500 plants per mu. Both the seedlings and the seed stems are planted in holes, and biological fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer are applied as base fertilizer in the planting holes before planting. The application rate of base fertilizer is 0.2-0.3kg / plant; the base fertilizer is composed of biological fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, of which the amount of inorganic fertilizer (N:P:K=10:12:23) is 10% to 15% of the total weight of the base fertilizer, the organic matter content of the biological fertilizer is ≥45%, the total nutrients are ≥6, and the number of Trichoderma harzianum spores is ≥10 8 Spores / g, Bacillus aggradient content ≥10 9 cfu / g; after planting the seedlings or seed stems, cover them with 5-8cm thick sterilized humus soil (the soil and pine needles under the pine forest are dried and crushed, mixed in a ratio of 5:1 and sterilized at high temperature, and then mixed with vermiculite in a volume ratio of 9:1 to obtain humus soil), and water them to fix the roots. They can also be interplanted with peach and plum trees, with a planting amount of 1000-1500 plants per mu, and the planting method is the same as above.

[0031] (4) Fertilization Top dressing is done twice a year. The first time is in June, at the beginning of fruiting, when 0.1kg to 0.2kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer (fruit-setting fertilizer) is spread on each plant (the ratio of N, P, and K in the high-potassium compound fertilizer used is 6:6:28). The second time is in late autumn and early winter, when the above-ground part of the Polygonatum cyrtonema falls over, and biological fertilizer is applied, 0.3kg to 0.5kg per plant.

[0032] (5) Agricultural, physical and chemical control Physical control measures: The disease rate is less than 10%. If diseased plants are found, they can be removed and burned in time. Use 5g of wood ash or 10g of quicklime to disinfect the diseased holes: Chemical control measures: When the diseased plant rate is greater than or equal to 10%, use a compound preparation for root irrigation. Apply 100 mL to each diseased plant and halve the amount for plants without the disease. Treat three times in succession with an interval of 3-5 days. The formula of the compound preparation: 1250 times diluted solution of 45% prochloraz, 650 times diluted solution of 25% carbendazim, 1800 times diluted solution of 3% gibberellic acid, and 4000 times diluted solution of 5% indolebutyric acid naphthylacetic acid, mixed in a ratio of 4:3:2:1.

[0033] Agricultural prevention and control measures: First, investigate the occurrence of soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema, establish a prediction and forecasting mechanism for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema, and provide a basis for disease prevention; second, weed 3 to 5 times a year. After the upper part of Polygonatum cyrtonema falls over in winter, remove weeds, dead branches and leaves, burn them in a centralized manner and return them to the field to reduce the source of infection; third, intercrop with non-Asparagaceae economic crops such as peach and plum. The root secretions of peach and plum can effectively inhibit soil-borne pathogens of Polygonatum cyrtonema; Comparative Example 1 In this comparative example, no prevention and control measures were adopted in the cultivation of Polygonatum cyrtonema, and Polygonatum cyrtonema was cultivated in conventional ridges as the control group.

[0034] Comparative Example 2 The present embodiment provides a method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema. Compared with Example 1, Polygonatum cyrtonema is cultivated in conventional ridges, and only biological fertilizer is applied. Before planting and after the upper part of the Polygonatum cyrtonema plants wither in autumn, biological fertilizer is applied in holes at a rate of 0.3-0.5 kg per plant, without other treatment.

[0035] Comparative Example 3 This embodiment provides a method for preventing and controlling soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema. Compared with Example 1, Polygonatum cyrtonema is cultivated in conventional ridges, and only the compound preparation is applied without other treatments.

[0036] Application test examples In this example, the number of infected plants and the incidence rate of leaf blight, stem rot and root rot of Polygonatum cyrtonema in the above-mentioned Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were statistically analyzed. Three replicates were set for each treatment, and each replicate had 100 plants. The number of infected plants of leaf blight, stem rot and root rot in each treatment was counted, and the incidence rate was calculated. The incidence rate = (number of infected plants / total number of plants) × 100%.

[0037] The experimental results are shown in Table 1: Table 1

[0038] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences.P＜ 0.05.

[0039] Three replicates were set for each treatment, with 10 plants in each replicate. After the upper part of the Polygonatum cyrtonema plant fell in autumn, the rhizomes were dug out and weighed before planting. One year later, the rhizomes were dug out and weighed again to calculate the annual increase in fresh weight of the rhizomes of Polygonatum cyrtonema. The test results of the annual growth of the rhizomes of Polygonatum cyrtonema are shown in Table 2: Table 2

[0040] Note: Different letters in the same column indicate significant differences. P＜ 0.05.

[0041] The experimental results show that through the comprehensive prevention and control method of the present invention, the incidence of leaf blight, stem rot and root rot of Polygonatum cyrtonema plants is significantly reduced compared with a single prevention and control method; at the same time, the increase in fresh weight of rhizomes of Polygonatum cyrtonema plants planted by the method of the present invention is increased by up to 51.6% compared with the control group.

[0042] In summary, the present invention has established a comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema, which can effectively reduce the harm of soil-borne diseases such as root and stem rot, reduce the influence of site soil on the growth of Polygonatum cyrtonema, and improve the yield and quality of Polygonatum cyrtonema. According to measurements, the water content of 16% (not more than 18%), ash content of 3.2% (not more than 4%), and extract content of 49% (not less than 45%) of the Polygonatum cyrtonema tubers planted according to the present invention all meet the standards of Polygonatum cyrtonema in the 2020 edition of the "Chinese Pharmacopoeia", and the polysaccharide content in the Polygonatum cyrtonema obtained by its cultivation is as high as 15.4% (not less than 7%), which is more than 0.5% higher than conventional ridge cultivation, and the yield is increased by more than 10%.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention should fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Selection of planting base and soil disinfection; Choose a planting base with good air, water and soil pollution-free broad-leaved forest, bamboo forest or mixed forest, an altitude of more than 400m, and a canopy density of 40-60%. Disinfect the soil before transplanting, spread biological fertilizer after soil disinfection, and use it to plant Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings or seed stems after 15-20 days; S2: Selection and disinfection of seedlings or seed stems; S2-1: Select healthy, disease-free, undamaged, and 5 cm tall Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings, or select robust, disease-free, plump buds, complete fibrous roots, and uniform size Polygonatum cyrtonema rhizomes; S2-2: soak the Polygonatum cyrtonema seedlings in disinfectant for disinfection, remove them and air dry them naturally, and then disinfect them with plant ash for later use; or cut the rhizomes of Polygonatum cyrtonema into sections and soak them in disinfectant for rhizomes disinfection, remove them and air dry them naturally, and then disinfect them with plant ash for later use; S3: land preparation and seedling transplanting; Adopt high ridge cultivation, make high ridges on the disinfected planting base, and plant the disinfected seedlings or seed stems in the high ridges in a hole planting manner, covered with humus soil, of which the seedlings are planted in mid-to-late March, 2000-2500 plants per mu, and the seed stems are planted in late autumn, 1500-2000 plants per mu; interplant with peach and plum trees, 1000-1500 plants per mu; S4: fertilization; Fertilize according to the phenological season and plant growth; S5: Agricultural, physical and chemical control; Before planting and in autumn when the upper parts of the plants wither, clean the fields, burn the dead branches, leaves, weeds and the upper parts of the cut plants, and spread the ash back into the fields; When the diseased plant rate is less than 10%, the diseased plants can be removed in time and burned in batches, and the diseased holes can be disinfected with plant ash or quicklime; When the disease rate is greater than 10%, use a compound preparation for root irrigation.

2. The comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of disinfecting the soil in step S1 is to deep-plow the soil, mix the disinfectant dazomethan with the soil evenly, spread it and deep-plow the soil again. The amount of dazomethan used per mu is 15-20 kg. After the sprayer sprays water evenly, the ground film is covered and the ground film is removed after 20-25 days.

3. The comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema according to claim 1, characterized in that: The biological fertilizer in step S1 is obtained by mixing compost product, inorganic fertilizer and Bacillus aeruginosa dry powder in a weight ratio of 4:1:2, and the water content of the biological fertilizer is 15%-20%.

4. The comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preparation steps of the compost product are as follows: Take 15 kg of waste mushroom stick residue crushed after cultivating edible fungi, black fungus or ganoderma, add 25-30% sucrose, 5-10% bran, 70-80% corn flour and 15-20% ammonium bicarbonate by weight of the waste mushroom stick residue, stir evenly, and sterilize at high temperature as a solid fermentation medium; inoculate Trichoderma harzianum into the solid fermentation medium, and the inoculation amount is 3-5×10 4 spores / g, covered with white plastic film and fermented for 15-20 days to obtain the mother strain of Trichoderma harzianum; the fermentation conditions are: pH 7-8, culture temperature 25-28°C, humidity 50-65%; The waste mushroom stick residue crushed after cultivating edible fungi, black fungus or ganoderma lucidum is mixed with superphosphate in a weight ratio of (150-250):1 to obtain a mixture; the fermented mother strain of Trichoderma harzianum is mixed with the mixture in a weight ratio of 1:(150-200) to obtain a compost product.

5. The comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inorganic fertilizer includes 30 parts of urea, 25 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of zinc sulfate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate, and 3 parts of ferrous sulfate.

6. The comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema according to claim 3, characterized in that: The preparation steps of the Bacillus aggregati dry powder are as follows: 25g / L sucrose, 6g / L ammonium sulfate, 60g / L bran, 3g / L trisodium citrate, 0.5g / L K2HPO4 . 3H2O, 0.5g / LMgSO4 . 7H2O, 0.05g / L FeSO4 . 7H2O was added to the fermentation tank and stirred for 20-30 minutes. After sterilization by high pressure steam, the NA medium was added to activate the Bacillus aggradii strain for 36 hours after the temperature dropped to below 28°C. The culture was aerated and the content of Bacillus aggradii in the fermentation broth reached 1×10 9 cfu / mL~1×10 10 cfu / mL, the fermentation broth was dried to obtain Bacillus agglutinosa dry powder.

7. The comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disinfectant described in step S2 is a 3000-5000-fold dilution of 6.25% Liangdun or a 400-600-fold dilution of 25% carbendazim, and the immersion time of the disinfectant is 30-50 minutes.

8. The comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high ridge in step S3 has a ridge surface width of 100-120 cm, a furrow width of 30-50 cm, and a furrow depth of 35-40 cm; planting holes are set on the ridge surface, and 0.2-0.3 kg of basal fertilizer per plant is applied into the planting holes before planting, wherein the basal fertilizer consists of biological fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, the ratio of N:P:K in the inorganic fertilizer is 10:12:23, and the amount of inorganic fertilizer is 10% to 15% of the total weight of the basal fertilizer.

9. The comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization method described in step S4 is: topdressing twice a year, the first time is in June at the beginning of fruiting, 0.1kg~0.2kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is spread in each root controller, the ratio of N, P and K in the high-potassium compound fertilizer is 6:6:28, and the second time is in late autumn and early winter, after the aboveground part of Polygonatum cyrtonema falls over, topdressing biological fertilizer, 0.3kg~0.5kg / plant.

10. The comprehensive prevention and control method for soil-borne diseases of Polygonatum cyrtonema according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite preparation in step S5 is obtained by mixing 45% prochloraz 1000-1500 times diluted solution, 25% carbendazim 500-800 times diluted solution, 3% gibberellic acid 1500-2000 times diluted solution, and 5% indolebutyric acid naphthylacetic acid 3000-4000 times diluted solution in a ratio of 4:3:2:1; the root irrigation method is to irrigate 100 mL per plant with diseased disease, and halve the amount for plants without disease, and the treatment is repeated for 3 times with an interval of 3-5 days.

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