Method for increasing nicotine content of tobacco leaves under rainy and light weather conditions

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for increasing nicotine content of tobacco leaves under rainy and light weather conditions, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The nitrogen fertilizer is applied in three times, ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are mixed for use, the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate or ammonium bicarbonate, and the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is calcium ammonium nitrate or potassium nitrate; foliar fertilizer spraying: mixing an amino acid foliar fertilizer, a monopotassium phosphate foliar fertilizer and water according to a volume mass ratio of 50mL: 45g: 15kg to obtain a foliar fertilizer mixed solution, performing first foliar spraying on the 60th day after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, spraying once every other week and continuously spraying for three times, and the spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer mixed solution is 45-50kg / mu; topping: topping is performed 15-20 days after initial flowering, and the number of leaves is controlled to be 18 / plant; and baking. The invention can promote photosynthesis, accelerate nicotine synthesis and slow down the conversion process of nicotine, thereby reducing the loss of nicotine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and more particularly to a method for increasing the nicotine content of tobacco leaves under a rainy and low-light climate condition. Background Art

[0002] Nicotine, as the main alkaloid in tobacco leaves, has a vital impact on the quality of tobacco leaves. It not only affects the appearance and color of tobacco leaves, making them appear unique brown-red, but also forms aroma substances through high-temperature decomposition, improving the aroma quality of tobacco leaves. At the same time, nicotine is closely related to the taste of tobacco leaves. The ratio of its free state to its bound state determines the irritation and physiological strength of tobacco leaves, which in turn affects the satisfaction of smokers.

[0003] The nicotine content of tobacco leaves is generally between 1.5% and 3.5%, and 2.5% is appropriate for high-quality tobacco leaves. This content range can ensure that the tobacco leaves have moderate physiological strength and aroma, while avoiding the problem of excessive irritation caused by too high nicotine content or bland taste caused by too low nicotine content.

[0004] Rainy and low-light weather have significant effects on nicotine content. First, rainy weather can lead to excessive soil moisture, which in turn increases soil humidity. This humid environment may interfere with the normal respiration of tobacco plant roots, reduce root vitality, and indirectly affect the synthesis and accumulation of nicotine. In addition, moist soil is also prone to leaching of nitrogen fertilizers, resulting in reduced nitrogen absorption by tobacco plants. Since nitrogen is an indispensable element for nicotine synthesis, its insufficient supply will directly lead to a decrease in the nicotine content in tobacco leaves. On the other hand, light, as an important environmental factor for nicotine synthesis, its deficiency will also have a negative impact on nicotine content. Under low-light conditions, the photosynthesis of tobacco plants will be weakened, resulting in a decrease in the physiological activity of tobacco plants, which in turn affects the synthesis and accumulation of nicotine. At the same time, insufficient light will also cause tobacco plants to grow slowly, the leaves will become thin and small, and the tissues will be loose. These changes in growth conditions will further affect the accumulation of nicotine.

[0005] In the tobacco-growing areas in southern my country, summer is the peak period for flue-cured tobacco fields, and heavy rainfall often occurs for a long time. The phenomenon of heavy rain is accompanied by the phenomenon of low sunshine. In the tobacco-growing areas in the south, due to thick clouds and frequent rainfall, the number of sunshine hours is significantly reduced. In addition to the low number of sunshine hours, the southern tobacco-growing areas also show the characteristics of weak light intensity under the phenomenon of low sunshine. This weak light environment promotes the synthesis of nicotine in tobacco leaves.

[0006] Therefore, the rainy and low-light climate phenomenon in the southern tobacco-growing areas has a significant impact on the growth of tobacco leaves and the synthesis of nicotine. In order to cope with the problem that the nicotine content of tobacco leaves is too low due to such unfavorable climate conditions, which further reduces the quality of tobacco leaves, it is an urgent problem for those skilled in the art to develop a method for increasing the nicotine content of tobacco leaves under rainy and low-light climate conditions. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for increasing the nicotine content of tobacco leaves under rainy and low-light climate conditions.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A method for increasing the nicotine content of tobacco leaves under rainy and low-light climate conditions comprises the following steps:

[0010] (1) Transplanting: Plant tobacco seedlings at a planting density of 900-950 plants / mu;

[0011] (2) nitrogen fertilizer application: nitrogen fertilizer is applied three times: one day before the first transplanting, 7-10 days after the second transplanting, and 40-45 days after the third transplanting, and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are mixed and used, wherein the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 60wt% and the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 40wt%. The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate or ammonium bicarbonate, and the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is calcium ammonium nitrate or potassium nitrate;

[0012] The total nitrogen fertilizer application rate is pure N: 9kg / mu, 30% of the total amount in the first application, 30% of the total amount in the second application, and 40% of the total amount in the third application;

[0013] (3) Foliar fertilizer spraying: amino acid foliar fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and water were mixed in a volume-mass ratio of 50 mL:45 g:15 kg to obtain a foliar fertilizer mixture. The first foliar fertilizer was sprayed on the 60th day after the flue-cured tobacco was transplanted, and then sprayed once every week for 3 times in succession. The spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer mixture was 45-50 kg / mu each time.

[0014] (4) Topping: Topping is performed 15-20 days after the first flowering, and the number of leaves left is controlled at 18 leaves per plant;

[0015] (5) Baking: The tobacco leaves are harvested and then baked. Yellowing stage: dry bulb temperature is 36°C; color fixing stage: color fixing time is 80h; dry tendon stage.

[0016] Furthermore, the specific steps of the yellowing stage are: after loading the tobacco leaves into the curing room, close the curing room door and start curing, increase the dry bulb temperature to 36°C at a rate of 1°C / h, the wet bulb temperature to 34°C, and maintain the temperature stable for 60 hours.

[0017] Furthermore, the specific steps of the color fixing stage are: raising the dry bulb temperature to 48°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet bulb temperature to 45°C, and maintaining the temperature steady for 80 hours.

[0018] Furthermore, the specific steps of the dry reinforcement stage are: increase the dry-bulb temperature to 64°C at a rate of 2°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature to 42°C, and maintain the temperature steady for 48h.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] 1. The present invention appropriately reduces the transplanting density, which can increase the light intensity of tobacco plants in the field, increase the individual nutritional area of ​​tobacco plants, promote photosynthesis, and accelerate nicotine synthesis.

[0021] 2. The present invention appropriately supplements ammonium nitrogen fertilizer, which is more conducive to accelerating the biosynthesis and accumulation of nicotine in flue-cured tobacco leaves than nitrate nitrogen.

[0022] 3. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied has a significant effect on the nicotine content of tobacco leaves. In the present invention, appropriately increasing the nitrogen fertilizer can promote nicotine synthesis.

[0023] 4. Amino acids are important precursors for plants to synthesize chlorophyll. After spraying, they can be directly absorbed and utilized by plant leaves to increase the chlorophyll content. At the same time, phosphorus participates in the photosynthesis process of plants, and potassium helps the transportation and metabolism of substances in plants. The present invention combines the two and sprays them together to effectively improve the photosynthesis efficiency of leaves.

[0024] 5. Topping is an important measure in tobacco cultivation, which affects the synthesis and accumulation of nicotine. Late topping can promote root growth, thereby increasing the synthesis of nicotine, so the present invention requires to postpone the topping time.

[0025] 6. In order to increase the nicotine content of the leaves, the present invention controls the number of leaves left to 18 per plant, because when the number of leaves left is reduced, limited nutrients will be more concentratedly distributed to the remaining leaves, including related substances that promote nicotine synthesis.

[0026] 7. During the yellowing period of tobacco leaves, high temperature may accelerate the degradation and conversion of nicotine, while low temperature can slow down this process. Therefore, the low temperature slow baking method of the present invention is conducive to reducing the conversion of nicotine.

[0027] 8. The color fixing stage is a critical period for nicotine conversion in the tobacco leaf baking process. The present invention can slow down the nicotine conversion process by extending the time of this stage, thereby reducing nicotine loss. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] The method for increasing the nicotine content of tobacco leaves under rainy and low-light climate conditions comprises the following steps:

[0031] (1) Transplantation: In Yangguang Town, Tonghai County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, tobacco seedlings were planted at a planting density of 900 plants / mu;

[0032] (2) Nitrogen fertilizer application: Nitrogen fertilizer is applied three times: one day before the first transplant, seven days after the second transplant, and 40 days after the third transplant. Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are mixed and used, wherein the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 60wt% and the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 40wt%. The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate and the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is calcium ammonium nitrate.

[0033] The total nitrogen fertilizer application rate is pure N: 9kg / mu, 30% of the total amount in the first application, 30% of the total amount in the second application, and 40% of the total amount in the third application;

[0034] (3) Foliar fertilizer: amino acid foliar fertilizer (amino acid content: ≥15%, total content of trace elements of zinc, boron, manganese, copper and iron not less than 25%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer (P 2 O 5 : 52%; K 2 O: 34%) and water in a volume mass ratio of 50mL: 45g: 15kg to obtain a foliar fertilizer mixture, which is sprayed on the leaves for the first time on the 60th day after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, and sprayed once every week for 3 times in succession, with a spraying amount of 45kg / mu each time;

[0035] (4) Topping: Topping is performed on the 15th day after the first flowering, and the number of leaves left is controlled at 18 leaves per plant;

[0036] (5) Baking: The tobacco leaves are harvested and then baked. Yellowing stage: After the tobacco leaves are loaded into the baking room, close the door and start baking. Raise the dry-bulb temperature to 36°C and the wet-bulb temperature to 34°C at a rate of 1°C / h and keep the temperature steady for 60 hours. Color fixing stage: Raise the dry-bulb temperature to 48°C and the wet-bulb temperature to 45°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h and keep the temperature steady for 80 hours. Drying stage: Raise the dry-bulb temperature to 64°C and the wet-bulb temperature to 42°C at a rate of 2°C / h and keep the temperature steady for 48 hours.

[0037] Comparative Example 1

[0038] (1) Transplanting: In Yangguang Town, Tonghai County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, the same field as Example 1 was used. The adjacent areas of the control and the example were separated by a ridge, and the ridge was wrapped with a plastic film to prevent mutual leakage. The tobacco seedlings were planted at a planting density of 1,100 plants / mu;

[0039] (2) Nitrogen fertilizer application: Calcium ammonium nitrate was applied three times: one day before the first transplant, seven days after the second transplant, and 40 days after the third transplant; the total nitrogen fertilizer application rate for each application was pure N: 7 kg / mu, 30% of the total amount for the first application, 30% of the total amount for the second application, and 40% of the total amount for the third application;

[0040] (3) Topping: Topping is performed on the third day after the first flowering, and the number of leaves left is controlled at 22 per plant;

[0041] (4) Baking: The tobacco leaves are harvested and then baked. Yellowing stage: After the tobacco leaves are loaded into the baking room, close the door and start baking. Raise the dry-bulb temperature to 36°C and the wet-bulb temperature to 34°C at a rate of 1°C / h and keep the temperature steady for 60 hours. Color fixing stage: Raise the dry-bulb temperature to 48°C and the wet-bulb temperature to 45°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h and keep the temperature steady for 80 hours. Drying stage: Raise the dry-bulb temperature to 64°C and the wet-bulb temperature to 42°C at a rate of 2°C / h and keep the temperature steady for 48 hours.

[0042] Table 1 Flue-cured tobacco growth and production conditions of Example 1 and Control 1

[0043]

[0044] As shown in Table 1, compared with Comparative Example 1, the yield of Example 1 increased by 1.78% and the output value increased by 2.65%. The nicotine content of the middle leaves in Example 1 increased by 21.24% compared with Comparative Example 1, and the nicotine content of the upper leaves in Example 1 increased by 17.49% compared with Control 1.

[0045] These data indicate that the flue-cured tobacco of Example 1 exhibits certain advantages in growth and production, especially in terms of a significant improvement in nicotine content.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] The method for increasing the nicotine content of tobacco leaves under rainy and low-light climate conditions comprises the following steps:

[0048] (1) Transplantation: In Hexi Town, Tonghai County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, tobacco seedlings were planted at a planting density of 900 plants / mu;

[0049] (2) Nitrogen fertilizer application: Nitrogen fertilizer is applied three times: one day before the first transplant, 8 days after the second transplant, and 42 days after the third transplant. Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are mixed and used, wherein the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 60wt% and the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 40wt%. The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate and the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is calcium ammonium nitrate.

[0050] The total nitrogen fertilizer application rate is pure N: 9kg / mu, 30% of the total amount in the first application, 30% of the total amount in the second application, and 40% of the total amount in the third application;

[0051] (3) Foliar fertilizer: amino acid foliar fertilizer (amino acid content: ≥15%, total content of trace elements of zinc, boron, manganese, copper and iron not less than 25%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer (P 2 O 5 : 52%; K 2 O: 34%) and water in a volume mass ratio of 50mL: 45g: 15kg to obtain a foliar fertilizer mixture, which is sprayed on the leaves for the first time on the 60th day after the flue-cured tobacco is transplanted, and sprayed once every week for 3 times in succession, with a spraying amount of 45kg / mu each time;

[0052] (4) Topping: Topping is performed on the 15th day after the first flowering, and the number of leaves left is controlled at 18 leaves per plant;

[0053] (5) Baking: The tobacco leaves are harvested and then baked. Yellowing stage: After the tobacco leaves are loaded into the baking room, close the door and start baking. Raise the dry-bulb temperature to 36°C and the wet-bulb temperature to 34°C at a rate of 1°C / h and keep the temperature steady for 60 hours. Color fixing stage: Raise the dry-bulb temperature to 48°C and the wet-bulb temperature to 45°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h and keep the temperature steady for 80 hours. Drying stage: Raise the dry-bulb temperature to 64°C and the wet-bulb temperature to 42°C at a rate of 2°C / h and keep the temperature steady for 48 hours.

[0054] Comparative Example 2

[0055] The method for increasing the nicotine content of tobacco leaves under rainy and low-light climate conditions comprises the following steps:

[0056] (1) Transplanting: In Hexi Town, Tonghai County, Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, the same field as Example 2 was used. The adjacent areas of the control and the example were separated by a ridge, and the ridge was wrapped with a plastic film to prevent mutual leakage. The tobacco seedlings were planted at a planting density of 1,100 plants / mu;

[0057] (2) Nitrogen fertilizer application: Nitrogen fertilizer is applied three times: one day before the first transplant, 8 days after the second transplant, and 42 days after the third transplant. Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are mixed and used, wherein the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 60wt% and the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 40wt%. The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate and the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is calcium ammonium nitrate.

[0058] The total nitrogen fertilizer application rate for each application is pure N: 7kg / mu, 30% of the total amount for the first application, 30% of the total amount for the second application, and 40% of the total amount for the third application;

[0059] (3) Topping: Topping is performed on the third day after the first flowering, and the number of leaves left is controlled at 22 per plant;

[0060] (4) Baking: The tobacco leaves are harvested and then baked. Yellowing stage: After the tobacco leaves are loaded into the baking room, close the door and start baking. Raise the dry-bulb temperature to 36°C and the wet-bulb temperature to 34°C at a rate of 1°C / h and keep the temperature steady for 60 hours. Color fixing stage: Raise the dry-bulb temperature to 48°C and the wet-bulb temperature to 45°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h and keep the temperature steady for 80 hours. Drying stage: Raise the dry-bulb temperature to 64°C and the wet-bulb temperature to 42°C at a rate of 2°C / h and keep the temperature steady for 48 hours.

[0061] Table 2 Flue-cured tobacco production and nicotine situation of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] Through comparative analysis of the data in Table 2, compared with Comparative Example 2, the output of Example 2 increased by 0.47% and the output value increased by 2.26%. Although the increase was not large, both showed a positive growth trend. The nicotine content of the middle leaves in Example 2 increased by 30.69% compared with Comparative Example 2, and the nicotine content of the upper leaves in Example 2 increased by 17.83% compared with Comparative Example 2. The increase in these two ratios is relatively large, indicating that Example 2 is effective in increasing the nicotine content.

[0065] The above shows that, compared with Comparative Example 2, Example 2 has improvements in the yield, output value and nicotine content of flue-cured tobacco, especially the improvement of nicotine content is relatively large.

[0066] In summary, the treatment measures of this embodiment also have a significant promoting effect on the growth and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco, especially in terms of nicotine content, and are also an effective method worthy of further promotion and application in flue-cured tobacco production.

[0067] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the nicotine content of tobacco leaves under rainy and low-light climate conditions, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Transplanting: Plant tobacco seedlings at a planting density of 900-950 plants / mu; (2) nitrogen fertilizer application: nitrogen fertilizer is applied three times: one day before the first transplant, 7-10 days after the second transplant, and 40-45 days after the third transplant. Ammonium nitrogen fertilizer and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer are mixed and used, wherein the ammonium nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 60wt% and the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 40wt%. The ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium sulfate or ammonium bicarbonate, and the nitrate nitrogen fertilizer is calcium ammonium nitrate or potassium nitrate. The total nitrogen fertilizer application rate is pure N: 9kg / mu, 30% of the total amount in the first application, 30% of the total amount in the second application, and 40% of the total amount in the third application; (3) Foliar fertilizer spraying: amino acid foliar fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and water were mixed in a volume-mass ratio of 50 mL:45 g:15 kg to obtain a foliar fertilizer mixture. The first foliar fertilizer was sprayed on the 60th day after the flue-cured tobacco was transplanted, and then sprayed once every week for 3 times in succession. The spraying amount of the foliar fertilizer mixture was 45-50 kg / mu each time. (4) Topping: Topping is performed 15-20 days after the first flowering, and the number of leaves left is controlled at 18 leaves per plant; (5) Baking: The tobacco leaves are harvested and then baked. Yellowing stage: dry bulb temperature is 36°C; color fixing stage: color fixing time is 80h; dry tendon stage.

2. The method for increasing the nicotine content of tobacco leaves under rainy and low-light climate conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of the yellowing stage are: after loading the tobacco leaves into the curing room, close the door of the curing room and start curing, raise the dry bulb temperature to 36℃ at a rate of 1℃ / h, the wet bulb temperature to 34℃, and maintain the temperature stable for 60 hours.

3. The method for increasing the nicotine content of tobacco leaves under rainy and low-light climate conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of the color fixing stage are: raise the dry bulb temperature to 48°C at a rate of 0.5°C / h, the wet bulb temperature to 45°C, and keep the temperature stable for 80 hours.

4. The method for increasing the nicotine content of tobacco leaves under rainy and low-light climate conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of the dry-bulb stage are: increase the dry-bulb temperature to 64°C at a rate of 2°C / h, the wet-bulb temperature to 42°C, and maintain the temperature steady for 48 hours.

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