Method for ecologically breeding Taihe black-bone chickens in forest

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of black-bone chicken breeding, and particularly relates to an under-forest ecological breeding method for Taihe black-bone chickens. The method comprises the following specific steps: selection of a breeding site, design of a chicken house, breeding and management of chicks, and breeding and management of adult chickens. According to the under-forest ecological breeding method, comprehensive regulation and control are carried out in the aspects of breeding site selection and design, baby chick selection, feeding modes, feed formulas and the like, the content of active ingredients such as antioxidant substances, omega-3 fatty acid and taurine in black-bone chicken meat can be effectively increased, and the black-bone chicken meat has the effects of assisting in preventing cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and high cholesterol; the food is especially suitable for old people to eat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of black-bone chicken breeding, and particularly relates to a method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests. Background Art

[0002] Taihe black-bone chicken, also known as Wushan chicken, originated from Wangpi Tu Village, Wushan, Taihe County, and enjoys the reputation of "White Phoenix Fairy" and "China Black Treasure". The preciousness of Taihe black-bone chicken lies in the fact that it is a variety resource with special germplasm traits and economic value, with extremely high ornamental value, nutritional value and medicinal value. In addition to these values ​​brought by its special variety, they are also affected by the breeding methods and methods. Traditional Taihe black-bone chicken breeding mostly adopts intensive cage breeding mode, which has a fast breeding cycle and low cost, but it is easy to make the black-bone chicken lack activity, have a large stress response, increase fat deposition in the meat, and reduce the content of functional ingredients (such as unsaturated fatty acids, collagen, selenium, etc.). In order to pursue better quality of black-bone chicken, more and more breeding methods are emerging, such as free-range breeding and forest breeding, which increase the activity of black-bone chicken and environmental quality, and can improve the meat quality to a certain extent, but it only makes certain improvements in taste and nutritional value. At present, there are no reports on the targeted breeding of black chickens for the health needs of the elderly, such as preventing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension and high cholesterol. Therefore, it is of great economic value to optimize the under-forest breeding methods to obtain black chickens that have the effects of preventing cardiovascular disease, hypertension and high cholesterol and are suitable for consumption by the elderly. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chickens under forests. The method comprehensively regulates and controls the selection and design of breeding sites, the selection of chicks, the feeding method, the feed formula and other aspects. The obtained black-bone chickens can not only increase the muscle rate and reduce the thickness of subcutaneous fat, but also effectively increase the content of active ingredients such as antioxidants, ω-3 fatty acids, taurine and the like in black-bone chicken meat, and have the effect of assisting in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and high cholesterol, and are particularly suitable for consumption by the elderly.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forest, comprising the following specific steps: S1. Selection of breeding site and design of chicken house: select pine forests over 6 years old with a slope of 20-35° and a flat bottom slope as breeding farms, and carry out thinning. The density is 0.5-0.6, and the vegetation coverage rate under the forest is maintained at 60-70%. A drainage ditch with a width and depth of 15-20cm is set between the bottom slope and the flat land. The flat land is used for growing forage grass; 10-12m is configured for every 100 black chickens. 2The chicken house is designed, and the chicken house is set on a slope and close to the top of the slope at 1 / 5-1 / 4, and a fermentation bed is laid on the ground of the chicken house; in this step, by selecting a pine forest with suitable slope and canopy density as a black-bone chicken breeding site, a large sports field can be formed using the existing slope, and the chicken house is set on the top of the slope, while the feed and forage are planted on the flat bottom of the slope, which increases the amount of exercise of the black-bone chicken before and after eating, which is beneficial to reducing the body fat rate and increasing the content of functional components in the muscle; laying a fermentation bed in the chicken house can not only keep warm, but also improve the environment of the chicken house and the chicken intestine through microorganisms; S2. Chick breeding and chicken management: After the chicks have been vaccinated, select the ones with strong vitality through movement test and place them in the chicken house for breeding. Adjust the feeding amount, temperature and light according to the age. After the 8th week, choose the appropriate time between 9:00 and 12:00 and 14:00 and 17:00 every day to release the chicks outdoors under the forest for 1-4 hours until the end of the 9th week. In this step, selecting more energetic chicks through movement test can ensure the overall quality of black chicken seedlings and provide a healthier breeding environment. Keep the chicks in the chicken house for 8 weeks, and release them in the forest for a period of time every day in the 9th week to cultivate the chicks' ability to gradually adapt to life in the forest and reduce stress response. S3. Adult chicken breeding and management: Starting from the 10th week, the black-bone chickens are released in the outdoor woodland during the daytime, with a stocking density of 280-350 chickens / mu. They are fed with adult chicken feed three times a day on the flat bottom slope, and a piece of pasture is opened every three days until they are grown and ready for slaughter in the 25th week. At the same time, a Chinese native dog is released in the woodland during the adult chicken breeding period. In this step, the black-bone chickens are released in the woodland and fed three times a day. At the same time, the pasture is opened regularly to supplement fresh nutrition, achieve nutritional balance, and facilitate the accumulation of functional ingredients. During the outdoor woodland breeding process, releasing Chinese native dogs can play a certain chasing role for the black-bone chickens, further increase the amount of exercise of the black-bone chickens, and improve muscle quality.

[0005] Further, in the above technical solution S1, the forage grass includes any two or more of purslane, chicory, Mexican corn grass, clover, Bidens pilosa, and spinach. Purslane is rich in vitamins and minerals, has the effects of clearing away heat and detoxification, anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrhea, and can improve the intestinal health of black chicken after consumption; chicory is rich in protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, has the effects of improving digestion, maintaining intestinal health, and diuresis; Mexican corn grass is rich in high protein and fiber, lysine, and is easy to digest; clover is rich in protein, vitamins and minerals, easy to digest, has the effects of clearing away heat and detoxification, anti-diarrhea, etc., which is beneficial to the intestinal health of black chicken; Bidens pilosa contains rich nutrients, including a variety of amino acids, trace elements such as iron, magnesium, calcium and flavonoids, has multiple medicinal effects such as clearing away heat and detoxification, dispersing blood stasis and reducing swelling, and can maintain the balance of intestinal microorganisms; spinach is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, which can promote digestion, promote intestinal peristalsis, remove free radicals in the body, and reduce the damage of free radicals to cells. Specifically, the forage grass is planted in multiple areas and is planted in combination with the above-mentioned forage grasses, such as purslane with chicory or spinach, and Mexican corn grass with clover or Bidens pilosa.

[0006] Furthermore, in the above technical solution S1, the fermentation bed includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of pine needles, 20-30 parts of rice husks, 15-20 parts of sawdust, and 1-3 parts of probiotics; the probiotics are a composite bacteria with a mass ratio of 2-3:1-2:1-2 of yeast, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The pine needles have a loose structure, which increases the air permeability of the fermentation bed. They are rich in pine oil and other substances, have antibacterial effects, can inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, and improve the survival rate and immunity of black chickens. They are also rich in flavonoids, amino acids, proteins, vitamins, and a variety of trace elements. During the use of the fermentation bed, the nutrients are released as the pine needles are decomposed, which can be used as pecking material to improve the immunity and meat quality of black chickens. Probiotics are added to the fermentation bed, among which yeast can not only provide essential amino acids, vitamin B, niacin and other nutrients for black-bone chickens, and promote the growth of black-bone chickens, but also decompose substances in the litter that are not conducive to the absorption of poultry and livestock, improve the ability of poultry and livestock to absorb nutrients, enhance the disease resistance of black-bone chickens, and improve the quality of chicken; Lactobacillus acidophilus, as a member of the lactobacillus family, can colonize in the intestines, be added to the litter, and enter the body of black-bone chickens, which can improve or regulate the balance of intestinal microbial flora and enhance the body's immunity; Enterococcus faecalis can produce natural antibiotics, bacteriocins and other antibacterial substances, inhibit the growth of various pathogens, and promote intestinal health. At the same time, it can also decompose large molecules, soften plant fibers, promote digestion and absorption, and can significantly improve the absorption of calcium.

[0007] Furthermore, in the above technical solution S2, the method of movement test is: the chicks are placed in front of a 15 cm high obstacle, and those that pass through it within 30 seconds under the state of being driven are selected.

[0008] Furthermore, in the above technical solution S2, the specific method for raising chicks is: from 1 to 3 days old, the indoor temperature is controlled at 34-37°C, the lighting time is more than 22 hours, the chicks are fed with feed after drinking water for 3-5 hours, and they are raised 7-8 times a day; from 4 to 7 days old, the indoor temperature is controlled at 30-34°C, the lighting time is 14-20 hours, and they are raised 6-7 times a day; starting from the second week, the indoor temperature is reduced by 0.5-0.6°C every day until it reaches 25°C, the lighting time is reduced by 0.5h every day until it reaches 12h, and the lighting time is finally controlled between 6:00-18:00, and the number of feeding times per day is reduced once every two weeks until it reaches 4 times a day; in the 9th week, the outdoor forest activity time plan is: 1h on the first day, 1.5h on the second day, 2h on the third day, 3h on the fourth day, 3h on the fifth day, 4h on the sixth day, and 4h on the seventh day. The present invention can accurately control the light and temperature during the chick breeding process, which can not only allow the chicks to adapt to the growth environment as soon as possible, but also maximize the antioxidant capacity of the black chicken, which is beneficial to the accumulation of antioxidant substances. In the 9th week, the chicks can enter the outdoor forest activities in advance, improve adaptability and reduce stress response.

[0009] Furthermore, in the above technical scheme, the chick feed includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of corn flour, 10-15 parts of soybean meal, 5-8 parts of wheat bran, 5-8 parts of fish meal, 1-3 parts of bone meal, 1-2 parts of linseed oil, 0.1-0.5 parts of allicin, and 0.5-1 parts of mulberry leaf powder; vitamin C effervescent tablet water is used once every 3 days to replace drinking water in daily drinking water. The present invention designs chick feed according to the nutritional requirements of chicks, wherein corn flour provides rich carbohydrates as the main energy source; soybean flour is rich in protein and provides a variety of essential amino acids; wheat bran is rich in dietary fiber to promote gastrointestinal motility and help digestion; fish meal is rich in protein to provide a variety of essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, and improve the immunity of chicks; bone meal is rich in minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, which promotes bone development and maintains bone strength; a small amount of linseed oil is added to increase the intake of unsaturated fatty acids to promote healthy growth; a small amount of allicin with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects is added to improve the immunity and disease resistance of chicks; a small amount of mulberry leaf powder rich in various nutrients and flavonoid bioactive substances is added to promote the growth and development of chicks, improve antioxidant capacity, and also play a role in lowering blood sugar and blood lipids. The chick feed is nutritionally balanced, helps the healthy growth of chicks, and can also improve their immunity and disease resistance. Using vitamin C effervescent tablet water to replace drinking water can supplement vitamin C, enhance immunity, reduce stress, and also participate in the antioxidant process.

[0010] Furthermore, in the above technical solution, during the chick breeding period, plantain and Artemisia annua seeds are sown under the forest, and the amount is 50-300g per mu. Plantain has the effects of stopping bleeding, stopping diarrhea, and inhibiting Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritis; Artemisia annua has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anthelmintic effects, and has a therapeutic effect on the red feces and intestinal bleeding of the chickens. In this technical solution, by sowing plantain and Artemisia annua seeds under the forest, black-bone chickens can be eaten when they are raised under the forest, thereby improving their disease resistance.

[0011] Furthermore, in the above technical solution S3, the daily feed for adult chickens is fed in a ratio of 3:2:1 in the morning, noon and evening. The present invention can prevent fat accumulation when not exercising at night and improve the quality of chicken by controlling the ratio of feed in the morning, noon and evening, while reducing the digestive burden at night and improving the health level of black-bone chickens.

[0012] Furthermore, in the above technical solution S3, the chicken feed includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 20-28 parts of corn, 10-12 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5-8 parts of carrots, 5-10 parts of fish meal, 1-3 parts of oyster powder, 2-4 parts of fermented microalgae, 0.5-1 parts of codonopsis powder, 0.2-0.6 parts of hawthorn powder, 0.8-1.2 parts of brewer's yeast, 0.2-0.5 parts of organic selenium yeast, 2-4 parts of okra powder, and 1-2 parts of honey; the fermented microalgae is obtained by fermenting Schizochytrium and Nannochloropsis at a mass ratio of 1:3-5. The adult chicken feed of the present invention also uses corn as the main energy source, and is combined with fermented soybean meal to improve the utilization rate of protein, which is helpful to improve the health and production performance of chickens; carrots are rich in carotene, vitamins and dietary fiber, which can enhance the body's immunity, promote intestinal peristalsis, and reduce blood lipids; the added fish meal provides high-quality animal protein, taurine, etc., which improve the resistance and production performance of chickens; oyster powder provides protein and can also supplement calcium and minerals, thereby improving the immunity and health level of chickens; fermented seaweed mainly provides high-quality unsaturated fatty acids, and different types of microalgae in different proportions are used to ferment the product, and the ratio of DHA / EPA is about 2:1, which is more suitable for the elderly. body, and is easier to absorb; Codonopsis powder can invigorate Qi and strengthen the spleen, improve the immunity and anti-stress ability of chickens, and reduce fat deposition; Hawthorn powder is rich in nutrients such as fatty acids, malic acid, vitamins, etc., and has the effects of strengthening the stomach and digestion, improving immunity, and can also promote digestion and absorption of chickens, promote fat metabolism, and reduce abdominal fat; Brewer's yeast is rich in B vitamins and taurine precursors, which can be used as a nutritional supplement in chicken feed, and can also improve intestinal health; Organic selenium yeast is easily absorbed and utilized by the body, and not only has antioxidant properties, but also has the effect of improving immunity; Okra powder is rich in polyphenols, which not only has antioxidant properties, but also helps promote intestinal health and growth and development of chickens; Honey is used to improve the palatability of food.

[0013] Furthermore, in the above technical solution S3, light music is played from the beginning of feeding the adult chickens to 1-1.5 hours after the chickens finish eating, and the music frequency is gradually reduced from 55 decibels at a rate of 0.3-0.5 decibels per minute. In this technical solution, the black chickens are firstly conditioned to have a feeding stress effect by using high-decibel music, and at the same time, the music decibels are gradually reduced during the eating and digestion process to reduce the stimulation of the sound environment, avoid the increase of cortisol leading to poor meat quality, and improve the quality of chicken.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The method for breeding black-bone chicken under forests of the present invention performs comprehensive regulation in various links of breeding black-bone chickens, selects pine forests and fermentation beds mainly composed of pine needles, and utilizes pine needles with natural antibacterial properties and containing a variety of trace elements, flavonoids, amino acids, proteins, vitamins and other nutrients as natural barriers and nutrients; reasonably designs chicken houses and feeding positions, so that chickens can increase their exercise volume in forests, reduce their body fat rate, increase the content of functional components in muscles, and improve their immunity; through the selection of chicks, optimization of feed and supply of forage, the overall quality of chickens is high, the nutritional intake is balanced, in particular, the intake of functional components is strengthened, nutrients beneficial to cardiovascular health are enriched in a targeted manner, and the chicken meat is of high quality; by guiding eating with music that is first high and then low, stress can be reduced and the antioxidant capacity of black-bone chickens can be improved; the obtained black-bone chicken meat has not only a high muscle rate and reduced subcutaneous fat, but also a high content of active components such as antioxidants, ω-3 fatty acids, taurine, etc., has the effect of assisting in preventing cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and high cholesterol, and is particularly suitable for consumption by the elderly. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The raw materials involved in the following examples are common commercial products and can be purchased from the market unless otherwise specified.

[0016] The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiments: Example 1 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, comprising the following specific steps: S1. Selection of breeding site and design of chicken house: select pine forests over 6 years old with a slope of 20-35° and a flat bottom slope as breeding farms, and carry out thinning. The density is 0.5-0.6, and the vegetation coverage rate under the forest is maintained at 60-70%. A drainage ditch with a width and depth of 15-20cm is set between the bottom slope and the flat land. The flat land is used for growing forage grass. The planting is divided into three areas, and each area is planted one month apart. The planting species are purslane with chicory, Mexican corn grass with clover, and Mexican corn grass with Bidens pilosa. At the same time, 300g / mu of plantain seeds and 50g / mu of Artemisia annua seeds are sown under the forest; 10m2 The chicken house is designed, and the chicken house is set on a slope and close to the 1 / 5 position of the top of the slope. A fermentation bed is laid on the floor of the chicken house. The fermentation bed includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40 parts of pine needles, 20 parts of rice husks, 15 parts of sawdust, and 2 parts of probiotics, wherein the probiotics are a composite bacteria of yeast, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis in a mass ratio of 2:1:1; S2. Chick breeding and management: Place the vaccinated chicks in front of a 15cm high obstacle. If they pass through the obstacle within 30s, they will be selected and placed in the chicken house for breeding. The specific method of raising chicks is as follows: for chicks aged 1-3 days, the indoor temperature is controlled at 34-37℃, the light exposure time is more than 22h, and the chicks are fed with feed after drinking water for 3-5h, and they are fed 7-8 times a day; for chicks aged 4-7 days, the indoor temperature is controlled at 30-34℃, the light exposure time is 14-20h, and they are fed 6-7 times a day; starting from the second week, the indoor temperature is controlled at 30-34℃, the light exposure time is 14-20h, and they are fed 6-7 times a day. The temperature was lowered by 0.5-0.6℃ every day until it reached 25℃, and the light duration was reduced by 0.5h every day until it reached 12h, and the light duration was finally controlled between 6:00-18:00. The number of feedings per day was reduced by once every two weeks until 4 times a day. After feeding to the 8th week, the fish were appropriately placed outdoors in the forest from the 9th week. The time plan was: 1h on the first day, 1.5h on the second day, 2h on the third day, 3h on the fourth day, 3h on the fifth day, 4h on the sixth day, and 4h on the seventh day, until the end of the 9th week. S3. Adult chicken breeding and management: Starting from the 10th week, the black-bone chickens were raised in the outdoor woodland during the day, with a stocking density of 300 chickens / mu. They were fed with adult chicken feed three times a day on the flat bottom slope, with the feed being fed in the morning, noon and evening at a mass ratio of 3:2:1. Light music was played from the beginning of feeding the adult chicken feed to 1.2 hours after the feeding was completed, and the music frequency was gradually reduced from 55 decibels at a rate of 0.4 decibels per minute. One piece of pasture was opened every 3 days, and the three areas were opened in turn until the chickens were grown and ready for slaughter in the 25th week. At the same time, a Chinese pastoral dog was raised in the woodland during the adult chicken breeding period; The chick feed includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts corn flour, 10 parts soybean flour, 5 parts wheat bran, 5 parts fish meal, 2 parts bone meal, 1 part linseed oil, 0.4 parts allicin, and 0.5 parts mulberry leaf powder; vitamin C effervescent tablets are used to replace drinking water once every 3 days in daily drinking water; The feed for adult chickens comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 20 parts of corn, 10 parts of fermented soybean meal, 6 parts of carrots, 5 parts of fish meal, 2 parts of oyster powder, 4 parts of fermented microalgae, 0.5 parts of codonopsis powder, 0.4 parts of hawthorn powder, 0.8 parts of brewer's yeast, 0.3 parts of organic selenium yeast, 3 parts of okra powder, and 1 part of honey; the fermented microalgae are obtained by fermenting Schizochytrium and Nannochloropsis at a mass ratio of 1:4.

[0017] Example 2 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, comprising the following specific steps: S1. Selection of breeding site and design of chicken house: select pine forests over 6 years old with a slope of 20-35° and a flat bottom slope as breeding farms, and carry out thinning. The density is 0.5-0.6, and the vegetation coverage rate under the forest is maintained at 60-70%. A drainage ditch with a width and depth of 15-20cm is set between the bottom slope and the flat land. The flat land is used for growing forage grass. The planting is divided into three areas, and each area is planted one month apart. The planting species are purslane with chicory, Mexican corn grass with clover, and Mexican corn grass with Bidens pilosa. At the same time, 300g / mu of plantain seeds and 50g / mu of Artemisia annua seeds are sown under the forest; 10m 2 The chicken house is designed, and the chicken house is set on a slope and close to the 1 / 5 position of the top of the slope. A fermentation bed is laid on the floor of the chicken house. The fermentation bed includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 45 parts of pine needles, 25 parts of rice husks, 15 parts of sawdust, and 2 parts of probiotics, wherein the probiotics are a composite bacteria of yeast, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis in a mass ratio of 3:2:1; S2. Chick breeding and management: Place the vaccinated chicks in front of a 15cm high obstacle. If they pass through the obstacle within 30s, they will be selected and placed in the chicken house for breeding. The specific method of raising chicks is as follows: for chicks aged 1-3 days, the indoor temperature is controlled at 34-37℃, the light exposure time is more than 22h, and the chicks are fed with feed after drinking water for 3-5h, and they are fed 7-8 times a day; for chicks aged 4-7 days, the indoor temperature is controlled at 30-34℃, the light exposure time is 14-20h, and they are fed 6-7 times a day; starting from the second week, the indoor temperature is controlled at 30-34℃, the light exposure time is 14-20h, and they are fed 6-7 times a day. The temperature was lowered by 0.5-0.6℃ every day until it reached 25℃, and the light duration was reduced by 0.5h every day until it reached 12h, and the light duration was finally controlled between 6:00-18:00. The number of feedings per day was reduced by once every two weeks until 4 times a day. After feeding to the 8th week, the fish were appropriately placed outdoors in the forest from the 9th week. The time plan was: 1h on the first day, 1.5h on the second day, 2h on the third day, 3h on the fourth day, 3h on the fifth day, 4h on the sixth day, and 4h on the seventh day, until the end of the 9th week. S3. Adult chicken breeding and management: Starting from the 10th week, the black-bone chickens were raised in the outdoor woodland during the day, with a stocking density of 350 chickens / mu. They were fed with adult chicken feed three times a day on the flat bottom slope, with the feed being fed in the morning, noon and evening at a mass ratio of 3:2:1. Light music was played from the beginning of feeding the adult chicken feed to 1 hour after the feeding was completed, and the music frequency was gradually reduced from 55 decibels at a rate of 0.5 decibels per minute. One piece of pasture was opened every 3 days, and the three areas were opened in turn until the chickens were grown and ready for slaughter in the 25th week. At the same time, a Chinese pastoral dog was raised in the woodland during the adult chicken breeding period; The chick feed includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts corn flour, 12 parts soybean flour, 6 parts wheat bran, 7 parts fish meal, 2 parts bone meal, 1.5 parts linseed oil, 0.3 parts allicin, and 0.8 parts mulberry leaf powder; vitamin C effervescent tablets are used to replace drinking water once every three days in daily drinking water; The feed for adult chickens comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 24 parts of corn, 11 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5 parts of carrots, 10 parts of fish meal, 1 part of oyster powder, 2 parts of fermented microalgae, 1 part of codonopsis powder, 0.2 parts of hawthorn powder, 1 part of brewer's yeast, 0.2 parts of organic selenium yeast, 2 parts of okra powder, and 2 parts of honey; the fermented microalgae are obtained by fermenting Schizochytrium and Nannochloropsis in a mass ratio of 1:3.

[0018] Example 3 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, comprising the following specific steps: S1. Selection of breeding site and design of chicken house: select pine forests over 6 years old with a slope of 20-35° and a flat bottom slope as breeding farms, and carry out thinning. The density is 0.5-0.6, and the vegetation coverage rate under the forest is maintained at 60-70%. A drainage ditch with a width and depth of 15-20cm is set between the bottom slope and the flat land. The flat land is used for growing forage grass. The planting is divided into three areas, and each area is planted one month apart. The planting species are purslane with chicory, Mexican corn grass with clover, and Mexican corn grass with Bidens pilosa. At the same time, 300g / mu of plantain seeds and 50g / mu of Artemisia annua seeds are sown under the forest; 12m is configured for every 100 black chickens. 2 The chicken house is designed, and the chicken house is set on a slope and close to the 1 / 4 position of the top of the slope. A fermentation bed is laid on the floor of the chicken house. The fermentation bed includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 450 parts of pine needles, 30 parts of rice husks, 20 parts of sawdust, and 3 parts of probiotics, wherein the probiotics are a composite bacteria of yeast, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis in a mass ratio of 2:1:2; S2. Chick breeding and management: Place the vaccinated chicks in front of a 15cm high obstacle. If they pass through the obstacle within 30s, they will be selected and placed in the chicken house for breeding. The specific method of raising chicks is as follows: for chicks aged 1-3 days, the indoor temperature is controlled at 34-37℃, the light exposure time is more than 22h, and the chicks are fed with feed after drinking water for 3-5h, and they are fed 7-8 times a day; for chicks aged 4-7 days, the indoor temperature is controlled at 30-34℃, the light exposure time is 14-20h, and they are fed 6-7 times a day; starting from the second week, the indoor temperature is controlled at 30-34℃, the light exposure time is 14-20h, and they are fed 6-7 times a day. The temperature was lowered by 0.5-0.6℃ every day until it reached 25℃, and the light duration was reduced by 0.5h every day until it reached 12h, and the light duration was finally controlled between 6:00-18:00. The number of feedings per day was reduced by once every two weeks until 4 times a day. After feeding to the 8th week, the fish were appropriately placed outdoors in the forest from the 9th week. The time plan was: 1h on the first day, 1.5h on the second day, 2h on the third day, 3h on the fourth day, 3h on the fifth day, 4h on the sixth day, and 4h on the seventh day, until the end of the 9th week. S3. Adult chicken breeding and management: Starting from the 10th week, the black-bone chickens were raised in the outdoor woodland during the day, with a stocking density of 280 chickens / mu. Adult chicken feed was fed three times a day on the flat bottom slope, with the weight ratio of 3:2:1 in the morning, noon and evening. Light music was played from the beginning of feeding the adult chicken feed to 1.5 hours after the feeding was completed, and the music frequency was gradually reduced from 55 decibels at a rate of 0.3 decibels per minute. One piece of pasture was opened every 3 days, and the three areas were opened in turn until the chickens were grown and ready for slaughter in the 25th week. At the same time, a Chinese pastoral dog was raised in the woodland during the adult chicken breeding period; The chick feed includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts corn flour, 15 parts soybean flour, 8 parts wheat bran, 8 parts fish meal, 1 part bone meal, 1 part linseed oil, 0.1 parts allicin, and 1 part mulberry leaf powder; vitamin C effervescent tablets are used to replace drinking water once every 3 days in daily drinking water; The feed for adult chickens comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 28 parts of corn, 12 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5 parts of carrots, 10 parts of fish meal, 1 part of oyster powder, 2 parts of fermented microalgae, 0.8 parts of codonopsis powder, 0.6 parts of hawthorn powder, 1.2 parts of brewer's yeast, 0.5 parts of organic selenium yeast, 4 parts of okra powder, and 2 parts of honey; the fermented microalgae are obtained by fermenting Schizochytrium and Nannochloropsis at a mass ratio of 1:5.

[0019] Comparative Example 1 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chickens under forests, which differs from Example 1 in that the chicken coop in S1 is designed close to 1 / 5 of the bottom slope, and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0020] Comparative Example 2 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, which differs from Example 1 in that there are no pine needles in the fermentation bed of the chicken house in S1, and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0021] Comparative Example 3 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, which is different from Example 1 in that the probiotics in the chicken house fermentation bed in S1 do not contain Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0022] Comparative Example 4 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, which differs from Example 1 in that plantain seeds and artemisia annua seeds are not sown under the forests in S1, and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0023] Comparative Example 5 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, which differs from Example 1 in that there is no 9th week transition period in S2, but the chickens are directly put into the forest for free-range breeding, and the rest of the methods are the same as Example 1.

[0024] Comparative Example 6 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, which differs from Example 1 in that the chick feed in S2 does not contain allicin, and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0025] Comparative Example 7 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, which differs from Example 1 in that the chick feed in S2 does not contain mulberry leaf powder, and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0026] Comparative Example 8 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, which differs from Example 1 in that the chick feed in S2 does not contain linseed oil, and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0027] Comparative Example 9 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, which differs from Example 1 in that, in S2, Vc effervescent tablet water is not used to replace drinking water, and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0028] Comparative Example 10 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chickens under forests is different from that in Example 1 in that, in S3, the ratio of feeding feed to adult chickens in the morning, noon and evening is 1:1:1, and the rest of the method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0029] Comparative Example 11 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, which differs from Example 1 in that, in S3, pastureland is not opened, and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0030] Comparative Example 12 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, which differs from Example 1 in that, in S3, the feed for adult chickens does not contain fermented microalgae, and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0031] Comparative Example 13 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests is different from that in Example 1 in that, in S3, the microalgae fermented in the feed of adult chickens are pure fermentation products of Schizochytrium, and the rest of the method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0032] Comparative Example 14 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, which is different from that in Example 1 in that, in S3, the feed for adult chickens does not contain codonopsis pilosula powder, and the rest of the method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0033] Comparative Example 15 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests is different from that in Example 1 in that, in S3, the feed for adult chickens does not contain brewer's yeast, and the rest of the method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0034] Comparative Example 16 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, which differs from Example 1 in that, in S3, the chicken feed does not contain organic selenium yeast, and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0035] Comparative Example 17 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests is different from that in Example 1 in that, in S3, inorganic selenium is used as feed for adult chickens instead of organic selenium yeast, and the rest of the method is the same as that in Example 1.

[0036] Comparative Example 18 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, which differs from Example 1 in that, in S3, the feed for adult chickens does not contain okra powder, and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0037] Comparative Example 19 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, which differs from Example 1 in that 55 decibel light music is played during feeding and 1.2 hours after feeding in S3, and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0038] Comparative Example 20 A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forests, which differs from Example 1 in that Chinese native dogs are not released in S3, and the rest of the method is the same as Example 1.

[0039] Comparative Example 21 Taihe black-bone chickens are raised in traditional intensive cage farming mode.

[0040] Select the same batch of black chickens that have been vaccinated, and select 2,300 chicks with strong vitality through the movement test (the chicks are placed in front of a 15 cm high obstacle, and they are selected if they pass within 30 seconds under the driving state), and randomly divide them into 23 groups, each with 100 chicks, and culture them according to the culture methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-20, respectively, and other management methods are the same. According to the market release after 25 weeks of culture, the survival rate of chicks, the survival rate of adult chickens and the total survival rate, muscle rate, subcutaneous fat thickness, and active ingredient content are calculated, and the results are shown in Tables 1 and 2. Among them, the muscle rate and subcutaneous fat thickness are detected by bioelectrical impedance analysis and sebum thickness meter on 10 different parts of black chickens and the average value is taken. The active ingredient content is detected by black chicken breast meat, and 10 chickens are randomly slaughtered and the average value is taken after detection; the active ingredient content is detected by high performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

[0041] Table 1 Survival rate, chicken rate, and subcutaneous fat thickness

[0042] Table 2 Active ingredient content (taking 100g chicken breast as an example)

[0043] From the results of Table 1 and Table 2, it can be seen that the black-bone chickens raised by the breeding method and feed formula of the present invention not only have a high survival rate, a muscle rate of 68.2%, and subcutaneous fat of only 2.0-2.3mm, with low fat content, but also are rich in antioxidant total flavonoids, antihypertensive substance taurine, and ω-3 fatty acids that are beneficial to cardiovascular health, and its DHA / EPA is about 2-3, which is more suitable for the elderly to eat. In addition, its selenium content is high, which is nearly 2 times that of ordinary black-bone chickens, which is beneficial to the body's immunity. However, changing the breeding method or feed formula (Comparative Examples 1-20) is not conducive to reducing the fat content in the black-bone chicken, nor is it conducive to the improvement of active ingredients.

[0044] Test example In cooperation with a People's Hospital of Taihe County, Jiangxi Province, a double-blind test was conducted on 50 elderly patients with high cholesterol and hypertension: 150g of black-bone chicken raised in Example 1 of the present invention was consumed daily, and the total cholesterol content and blood pressure were checked again after consuming it for 3 consecutive months. The results showed that 45 of the 50 cases showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol and LDL-C, among which the total cholesterol decreased by 16-20%, and the LDL-C decreased by 18-24%, and the remaining 5 cases showed no significant changes; 48 of the 50 cases showed a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure, and the decrease was 8-12 mmHg, and the remaining 2 cases showed little change.

[0045] In summary, the present invention combines ecological breeding methods with scientific feed ratios, and the black-bone chickens raised not only have a high survival rate, a high muscle rate, and a low fat content, but are also rich in functional ingredients that are beneficial to cardiovascular health. Clinical trials have confirmed that the black-bone chickens have the effect of assisting in lowering cholesterol and blood pressure, and are very suitable for consumption by the elderly.

[0046] Finally, it should be emphasized that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various changes and modifications. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forest, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Selection of breeding site and design of chicken house: select pine forests over 6 years old with a slope of 20-35° and a flat bottom slope as breeding farms, and carry out thinning. The density is 0.5-0.6, and the vegetation coverage rate under the forest is maintained at 60-70%. A drainage ditch with a width and depth of 15-20cm is set between the bottom slope and the flat land. The flat land is used for growing forage grass; 10-12m is configured for every 100 black chickens. 2 The chicken house is designed to be located on a slope at 1 / 5-1 / 4 of the top of the slope, and a fermentation bed is laid on the floor of the chicken house; S2. Chick breeding and management: After the chicks have been vaccinated, they are selected through exercise tests to be energetic and placed in chicken houses for breeding. The amount of feed, temperature and light are adjusted according to their age. After the 8th week, the chicks are released outdoors under the forest for 1-4 hours between 9:00 and 12:00 and 14:00 and 17:00 every day until the end of the 9th week. S3. Adult chicken breeding and management: Starting from the 10th week, black chickens are released into the outdoor woodland during the day, with a stocking density of 280-350 chickens per mu. They are fed adult chicken feed three times a day on the flat bottom slope, and a piece of pasture is opened every three days until they are fully grown and ready for slaughter in the 25th week. During the adult chicken breeding period, a Chinese pastoral dog is released into the woodland.

2. The method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the forage grass includes any two or more of purslane, chicory, Mexican corn grass, clover, Bidens pilosa, and spinach.

3. The method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the fermentation bed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of pine needles, 20-30 parts of rice husks, 15-20 parts of sawdust, and 1-3 parts of probiotics; the probiotics are a composite bacteria with a mass ratio of yeast, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Enterococcus faecalis of 2-3:1-2:1-2.

4. The method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the method of movement test is as follows: the chicks are placed in front of a 15-cm high obstacle, and those that pass it within 30 s under the driven state are selected.

5. The method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the specific method of raising chicks is as follows: from 1 to 3 days old, the indoor temperature is controlled at 34-37℃, the light duration is more than 22h, the chicks are fed with feed after drinking water for 3-5h, and they are raised 7-8 times a day; from 4 to 7 days old, the indoor temperature is controlled at 30-34℃, the light duration is 14-20h, and they are raised 6-7 times a day; starting from the second week, the indoor temperature is reduced by 0.5-0.6℃ every day until it reaches 25℃, the light duration is reduced by 0.5h every day until it reaches 12h, and the light duration is finally controlled between 6:00-18:00, and the number of feeding times per day is reduced by once every two weeks until it reaches 4 times a day; in the 9th week, the outdoor forest activity time plan is: 1h on the first day, 1.5h on the second day, 2h on the third day, 3h on the fourth day, 3h on the fifth day, 4h on the sixth day, and 4h on the seventh day.

6. The method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forest according to claim 5, characterized in that: The chick feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of corn flour, 10-15 parts of soybean flour, 5-8 parts of wheat bran, 5-8 parts of fish meal, 1-3 parts of bone meal, 1-2 parts of linseed oil, 0.1-0.5 parts of allicin, and 0.5-1 parts of mulberry leaf powder; vitamin C effervescent tablet water is used once every 3 days to replace drinking water in daily drinking water.

7. The method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the chick rearing period, plantain and artemisia annua seeds are sown under the forest at a rate of 50-300g per mu.

8. The method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the daily feed for adult chickens is fed in the morning, noon and evening at a mass ratio of 3:2:

1.

9. The method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the chicken feed includes the following raw material components in parts by weight: 20-28 parts of corn, 10-12 parts of fermented soybean meal, 5-8 parts of carrots, 5-10 parts of fish meal, 1-3 parts of oyster powder, 2-4 parts of fermented microalgae, 0.5-1 parts of codonopsis powder, 0.2-0.6 parts of hawthorn powder, 0.8-1.2 parts of brewer's yeast, 0.2-0.5 parts of organic selenium yeast, 2-4 parts of okra powder, and 1-2 parts of honey; the fermented microalgae is obtained by fermenting Schizochytrium and Nannochloropsis at a mass ratio of 1:3-5.

10. The method for ecological breeding of Taihe black-bone chicken under forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, light music was played from the beginning of feeding the adult chickens to 1-1.5 hours after the chickens finished eating, and the frequency of the music gradually decreased from 55 decibels at a rate of 0.3-0.5 decibels per minute.

Images